Abstract
D.Phil.
The SA clothing industry shed over 67 000 jobs in the past three years (Bell, 2006). There was a possibility that more jobs may be shed in the South African clothing industry over the next few years (Bell, 2006). The SA Clothing and Textile Workers Union (SACTWU) reached a wage agreement with nine clothing employer associations for a 5% increase in urban areas and between 6.4% and 8.3% for non-metro areas in 2006 (Reeder, 2006).The cut, make and trim (CMT) industries who were registered with the bargaining council found it a financial burden to negotiate wage increases yearly as production costs were escalating and organisations found it difficult to compete both nationally and internationally. If laying off of workers in the clothing industry continues, the unemployment rate would continue to rise, thus increasing the poverty levels in South Africa. The SA clothing industry in particular was being challenged by forces both externally and internally. Global competition, market performance and the changing technology were some of the factors that affected the industry. This study aims to highlight the importance of existing practices that, if implemented systematically, could improve the current plight of clothing manufacturers (Urbach, 2006).
The methodology of the research comprises a qualitative exploratory and descriptive design. The purpose of exploration was to gain insight into current manufacturing practices by systematic observation and discussions at clothing manufacturers in Kwa-Zulu Natal. Personal and telephonic interviews, discussions and direct observation were used to gain insight into the issues and strategies employed. Relevant literature in conjunction with national and international manufacturing trends was used to create a framework of best practices. Parts of the framework were tested at clothing manufacturers in the Durban region. A sample of clothing manufacturers were targeted by categorizing them into three groups, namely small, medium and large manufacturers. Case study type comparisons were made at various locations to analyse the strategies employed.
The objective of the framework aims to enhance current practices through the employment of best practices found in industrial engineering, operations management and quality management. This would assist manufacturers in improving their productivity levels, meeting lead times, reducing costs of manufacture and providing the customer with a quality product at a market related price. By implementing a systematic approach to continuous improvement, manufacturers would be able to distinguish themselves from competitors.