The effect of cervical spinal manipulative therapy on attention and higher-level cognitive functioning and processing
- Authors: Kotze, Elize
- Date: 2009-03-31T09:32:39Z
- Subjects: Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8256 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2367
- Description: M.Tech. , Terrett (1994) has a theory that diminished blood flow to the brain causes some areas to ‘hibernate’ that is, remain alive, but not function, resulting in diminished mental capacity. He also states that he is sure this is exactly what happens to many people every day, and that it could be the reason they suffer from problems such as tiredness, headache, depression, irritability, difficulty concentrating, poor attention span, visual difficulty, and so forth (Terrett, 1994). Brain function can be detrimentally affected by occipito-atlanto-axial subluxations (Eriksen, 2004). Research showed an improved brain stem evoked response after patients were adjusted. This indicated that the neural messages were going through their brain stems more quickly or with less delay (Shambaugh, Pearlman & Hauck, 1991). The aim of this study was to determine whether spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spinal segments have any influence on the attention and higherlevel cognitive functioning and processing of an individual who has not received any chiropractic treatment to his/her cervical spine three months prior to the study. Any patient presenting to the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic was considered a potential candidate for the study. The patients were briefly screened through a case history, pertinent physical examination, cervical spine examination and soap note (Appendix E, F, G and H) that were performed at the initial consultation to determine the patients’ suitability for the study. The participants were invited to sign a consent form. In total forty participants were invited to take part in the study. Participants were put into either the adjusting group, or the control group, according to their gender and age. Participants received spinal manipulative therapy to all restricted segments in their cervical spines. Participants in the PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com iv control group received detuned ultrasound therapy over the posterior aspect of their cervical spines. Both groups performed the coding test (Appendix D) before their first treatment and after their third treatment, as well as a questionnaire to obtain some personal information and to indicate their present feelings and emotions (Appendix C). The results indicate that there was a statistical difference at the ten percent level of significance in terms of the average number of blocks completed and the average number of blocks filled in correctly for the adjusting group. There was also a statistical difference at the ten percent level of significance in terms of the average number of blocks / symbols changed for the control group. The adjusting group worked more effectively and made fewer mistakes than the control group after the treatment trial was completed. For the chiropractic profession this opens huge potential with regards to the chiropractic benefits and improving the functioning of the society.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kotze, Elize
- Date: 2009-03-31T09:32:39Z
- Subjects: Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8256 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2367
- Description: M.Tech. , Terrett (1994) has a theory that diminished blood flow to the brain causes some areas to ‘hibernate’ that is, remain alive, but not function, resulting in diminished mental capacity. He also states that he is sure this is exactly what happens to many people every day, and that it could be the reason they suffer from problems such as tiredness, headache, depression, irritability, difficulty concentrating, poor attention span, visual difficulty, and so forth (Terrett, 1994). Brain function can be detrimentally affected by occipito-atlanto-axial subluxations (Eriksen, 2004). Research showed an improved brain stem evoked response after patients were adjusted. This indicated that the neural messages were going through their brain stems more quickly or with less delay (Shambaugh, Pearlman & Hauck, 1991). The aim of this study was to determine whether spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spinal segments have any influence on the attention and higherlevel cognitive functioning and processing of an individual who has not received any chiropractic treatment to his/her cervical spine three months prior to the study. Any patient presenting to the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic was considered a potential candidate for the study. The patients were briefly screened through a case history, pertinent physical examination, cervical spine examination and soap note (Appendix E, F, G and H) that were performed at the initial consultation to determine the patients’ suitability for the study. The participants were invited to sign a consent form. In total forty participants were invited to take part in the study. Participants were put into either the adjusting group, or the control group, according to their gender and age. Participants received spinal manipulative therapy to all restricted segments in their cervical spines. Participants in the PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com iv control group received detuned ultrasound therapy over the posterior aspect of their cervical spines. Both groups performed the coding test (Appendix D) before their first treatment and after their third treatment, as well as a questionnaire to obtain some personal information and to indicate their present feelings and emotions (Appendix C). The results indicate that there was a statistical difference at the ten percent level of significance in terms of the average number of blocks completed and the average number of blocks filled in correctly for the adjusting group. There was also a statistical difference at the ten percent level of significance in terms of the average number of blocks / symbols changed for the control group. The adjusting group worked more effectively and made fewer mistakes than the control group after the treatment trial was completed. For the chiropractic profession this opens huge potential with regards to the chiropractic benefits and improving the functioning of the society.
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Survival of bacterial pathogens on vinyl chiropractic treatment beds
- Authors: Kruger, Marni
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Industrial hygiene , Pathogenic bacteria
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231481 , uj:23583
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: This research study was to determine the bacterial survival of bacterial strains associated with human infections on vinyl chiropractic treatment beds, with and without disinfection. Method: Bacterial survival kinetics was used to determine the effect of natural, versus disinfection related die-off of the bacteria on vinyl chiropractic treatment beds. Procedure: The study made use of three portable, vinyl chiropractic treatment beds, that was placed in an isolated room on campus. These beds were divided into six blocks using masking tape, signifying the three interventions tested and their controls. The blocks were further divided into four blocks, for the four time intervals tested. Four bacterial strains, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were applied to the beds, one strain per day, water, alcohol and a soap based product was used to clean and disinfect three of the blocks, the others were used as a control and to monitor the natural die-off of the strains. All data were recorded by the researcher and analysed by Statkon. Results: The results indicated that there is no observable decrease in bacterial numbers over a six-hour period if no intervention is applied to the beds. The study also showed that alcohol and Distel are both equally effective disinfectants for vinyl chiropractic treatment beds. Both of them proved to cause a three-log10 reduction within five minutes, with no bacterial growth in six hours. Conclusion: Alcohol and Distel both proved to be effective disinfectants on these types of beds. Since there is no observable decrease of bacterial numbers over six hours, a cleaning and disinfection protocol for the vinyl chiropractic treatment beds is important to lower the risk of infection of...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kruger, Marni
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Industrial hygiene , Pathogenic bacteria
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231481 , uj:23583
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: This research study was to determine the bacterial survival of bacterial strains associated with human infections on vinyl chiropractic treatment beds, with and without disinfection. Method: Bacterial survival kinetics was used to determine the effect of natural, versus disinfection related die-off of the bacteria on vinyl chiropractic treatment beds. Procedure: The study made use of three portable, vinyl chiropractic treatment beds, that was placed in an isolated room on campus. These beds were divided into six blocks using masking tape, signifying the three interventions tested and their controls. The blocks were further divided into four blocks, for the four time intervals tested. Four bacterial strains, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were applied to the beds, one strain per day, water, alcohol and a soap based product was used to clean and disinfect three of the blocks, the others were used as a control and to monitor the natural die-off of the strains. All data were recorded by the researcher and analysed by Statkon. Results: The results indicated that there is no observable decrease in bacterial numbers over a six-hour period if no intervention is applied to the beds. The study also showed that alcohol and Distel are both equally effective disinfectants for vinyl chiropractic treatment beds. Both of them proved to cause a three-log10 reduction within five minutes, with no bacterial growth in six hours. Conclusion: Alcohol and Distel both proved to be effective disinfectants on these types of beds. Since there is no observable decrease of bacterial numbers over six hours, a cleaning and disinfection protocol for the vinyl chiropractic treatment beds is important to lower the risk of infection of...
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A case series describing the medium term effect of cervical manipulation on qEEG
- Authors: Labuschagne, Larisha Rensia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268509 , uj:28504
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing the medium- term effect of cervical manipulation on quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) readings over multiple chiropractic manipulations. Method: A descriptive design was used to perform this study. One group, which consisted of 10 participants, contributed to this study to detect if a cervical manipulation may have an influence on brainwave activity over a period of time (and therefore qEEG readings). The study took place in the UJ Chiropractic Day Clinic on the Doornfontein Campus. The participants were manipulated once a week for three consecutive weeks. As qEEG readings are easily influenced by external stimuli, the participants were in a room with minimal stimulation. Each participant’s brainwaves were recorded with two-minutes eyes open and two-minutes eyes closed. They then received a cervical spine manipulation to restricted vertebrae followed with another two-minute eyes open and two-minute eyes closed intervals. Only the theta (slow waves) and beta (fast waves) values were converted into numerical values and were used to describe potential changes. Results: The frontal lobe presented the most varied readings throughout the three visits and the parietal lobe revealed the most active changes. Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in older participants and a single participant with peripheral complications. Conclusion: This study was done to describe the effect cervical manipulation has on qEEG (not a particular increase or decrease) in ten participants. It was shown that post-cervical manipulation over a medium - term theta and beta waves of all lobes demonstrated change. Further investigation is necessary in order to offer evidence on how and why a chiropractic manipulation may have an effect on qEEG as well as what the implications could mean.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Labuschagne, Larisha Rensia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268509 , uj:28504
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing the medium- term effect of cervical manipulation on quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) readings over multiple chiropractic manipulations. Method: A descriptive design was used to perform this study. One group, which consisted of 10 participants, contributed to this study to detect if a cervical manipulation may have an influence on brainwave activity over a period of time (and therefore qEEG readings). The study took place in the UJ Chiropractic Day Clinic on the Doornfontein Campus. The participants were manipulated once a week for three consecutive weeks. As qEEG readings are easily influenced by external stimuli, the participants were in a room with minimal stimulation. Each participant’s brainwaves were recorded with two-minutes eyes open and two-minutes eyes closed. They then received a cervical spine manipulation to restricted vertebrae followed with another two-minute eyes open and two-minute eyes closed intervals. Only the theta (slow waves) and beta (fast waves) values were converted into numerical values and were used to describe potential changes. Results: The frontal lobe presented the most varied readings throughout the three visits and the parietal lobe revealed the most active changes. Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in older participants and a single participant with peripheral complications. Conclusion: This study was done to describe the effect cervical manipulation has on qEEG (not a particular increase or decrease) in ten participants. It was shown that post-cervical manipulation over a medium - term theta and beta waves of all lobes demonstrated change. Further investigation is necessary in order to offer evidence on how and why a chiropractic manipulation may have an effect on qEEG as well as what the implications could mean.
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The effect of chiropractic manipulation of the elbow on joint position sense
- Authors: Leggett, Evan
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Elbow , Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Proprioception
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58601 , uj:16468
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Leggett, Evan
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Elbow , Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Proprioception
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58601 , uj:16468
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effect of cervical and lumbar chiropractic adjustments on the bi-lateral weight distribution through the lower limbs
- Authors: Lester, Rory Kayl
- Date: 2014-06-02
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Gait in humans , Equilibrium (Physiology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11289 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10882
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , During gait the force transferred through the body is dived between the two lower limbs, according to Kaplan, Barak & Spiel (2012) this force should to be constant and equal with each gait cycle in an asymptomatic individual. In the presence of spinal dysfunction there is an alteration of sensory motor integration as a result of impaired proprioception (Taylor & Murphy, 2007), this altered proprioception may then produce a negative effect on the fore distribution during gait, resulting in abnormal biomechanics and an altered gait pattern. Chiropractic adjustments have been shown to restore normal biomechanics to the spine and in so doing improve proprioception. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cervical and lumbar chiropractic adjustments on the force distribution through the lower limbs during gait. Method: Thirty participants between the ages of 18 and 45 were invited to participate in the study. The details of the study were fully explained to each participant, after which an informed consent form was signed, followed by a full physical examination to determine if the potential participant was eligible for inclusion in the study, and did not have any of the following exclusion criteria. Individuals suffering from any form of mechanical back pain, hip, knee and ankle pathologies, females, and individuals were manipulation was contra-indicated were excluded from the study. A full lumbar or cervical spine examination was then performed in order to test for joint dysfunction. The participants then underwent gait testing after which they then received either a cervical or lumbar spine adjustment to the dysfunctioning joint. Procedure: The participants received a total of seven chiropractic adjustments with the objective data being recorded on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. The objective data was captured with the Zebris FDM gait analysis system. The system consisted of a 3 meter long sensory platform that is built into the floor, the pressure platform was made up of multiple force sensors arranged in a matrix of columns and rows and was capable of measuring the exact force through each lower limb during gait. The recorded sensory information was transferred to the WinFDM program which then interpreted all the data.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lester, Rory Kayl
- Date: 2014-06-02
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Gait in humans , Equilibrium (Physiology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11289 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10882
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , During gait the force transferred through the body is dived between the two lower limbs, according to Kaplan, Barak & Spiel (2012) this force should to be constant and equal with each gait cycle in an asymptomatic individual. In the presence of spinal dysfunction there is an alteration of sensory motor integration as a result of impaired proprioception (Taylor & Murphy, 2007), this altered proprioception may then produce a negative effect on the fore distribution during gait, resulting in abnormal biomechanics and an altered gait pattern. Chiropractic adjustments have been shown to restore normal biomechanics to the spine and in so doing improve proprioception. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cervical and lumbar chiropractic adjustments on the force distribution through the lower limbs during gait. Method: Thirty participants between the ages of 18 and 45 were invited to participate in the study. The details of the study were fully explained to each participant, after which an informed consent form was signed, followed by a full physical examination to determine if the potential participant was eligible for inclusion in the study, and did not have any of the following exclusion criteria. Individuals suffering from any form of mechanical back pain, hip, knee and ankle pathologies, females, and individuals were manipulation was contra-indicated were excluded from the study. A full lumbar or cervical spine examination was then performed in order to test for joint dysfunction. The participants then underwent gait testing after which they then received either a cervical or lumbar spine adjustment to the dysfunctioning joint. Procedure: The participants received a total of seven chiropractic adjustments with the objective data being recorded on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. The objective data was captured with the Zebris FDM gait analysis system. The system consisted of a 3 meter long sensory platform that is built into the floor, the pressure platform was made up of multiple force sensors arranged in a matrix of columns and rows and was capable of measuring the exact force through each lower limb during gait. The recorded sensory information was transferred to the WinFDM program which then interpreted all the data.
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The acute effects of chiropractic manipulation on the accuracy and bowling speed of male bowlers
- Authors: Levine, Matthew Greg
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cricket - Bowling - Physiological aspects , Bowlers - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231512 , uj:23589
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to deduce whether full spinal chiropractic manipulation would have an immediate effect on the accuracy and delivery speed of male fast bowlers. Method: The study consisted of thirty (30) participants, medium-fast and fast bowlers. Seven sessions, were conducted, in which participants warmed up and stretched before bowling an over (consisting of six deliveries). The first three sessions were screening sessions where each participant was observed for consistent speed and angle of arm during delivery by using a high-speed camera, and then the speed of each delivery was recorded using a Doppler Speed gun. Any restrictions palpated were treated with chiropractic manipulation in the last four sessions. Post-manipulation recording of delivery speed and accuracy was recorded and analysed compared to the pre-manipulation speed via STATKON using the Pared Sample T-Test (if the data is normally distributed) and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (if the data is not normally distributed). Results: The analysis revealed full spinal chiropractic manipulation does immediately increase the bowling speed and accuracy of male bowlers. The difference between the minimum pre-manipulation speed and minimum post-manipulation speed was 5.05%. As with the maximum pre-manipulation and postmanipulation speed the difference was 7.24%. The mean speed difference for the group was 5.1962 km/h for an over. For the objective values of accuracy, the first three pre-manipulation overs were compared only to the first three post-manipulation overs to remove the fourth over as an inconsistent variable. A difference between the minimum pre-manipulation speed and minimum post-manipulation accuracy was 66.67%. The maximum pre-manipulation and post-manipulation accuracy difference was 40%. Conclusion: Intervention could be beneficial by enhancing speed and accuracy needed for fast bowling in cricket. This research indicates that pre-event chiropractic manipulation may enhance the performance of experienced male medium, medium-fast and fast bowlers The benefit of this study was not only to demonstrate the efficacy of chiropractic manipulation in pre-event intervention and to enhance cricketers’ bowling performance but also to provide evidence to secure a place for chiropractic in sports medicine in the high profile sporting arena where there is a focus on team sports. The study also proved the advantages of pre-event chiropractic manipulation for athletes participating in sports that require increase explosive power and concentration.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Levine, Matthew Greg
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cricket - Bowling - Physiological aspects , Bowlers - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231512 , uj:23589
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to deduce whether full spinal chiropractic manipulation would have an immediate effect on the accuracy and delivery speed of male fast bowlers. Method: The study consisted of thirty (30) participants, medium-fast and fast bowlers. Seven sessions, were conducted, in which participants warmed up and stretched before bowling an over (consisting of six deliveries). The first three sessions were screening sessions where each participant was observed for consistent speed and angle of arm during delivery by using a high-speed camera, and then the speed of each delivery was recorded using a Doppler Speed gun. Any restrictions palpated were treated with chiropractic manipulation in the last four sessions. Post-manipulation recording of delivery speed and accuracy was recorded and analysed compared to the pre-manipulation speed via STATKON using the Pared Sample T-Test (if the data is normally distributed) and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (if the data is not normally distributed). Results: The analysis revealed full spinal chiropractic manipulation does immediately increase the bowling speed and accuracy of male bowlers. The difference between the minimum pre-manipulation speed and minimum post-manipulation speed was 5.05%. As with the maximum pre-manipulation and postmanipulation speed the difference was 7.24%. The mean speed difference for the group was 5.1962 km/h for an over. For the objective values of accuracy, the first three pre-manipulation overs were compared only to the first three post-manipulation overs to remove the fourth over as an inconsistent variable. A difference between the minimum pre-manipulation speed and minimum post-manipulation accuracy was 66.67%. The maximum pre-manipulation and post-manipulation accuracy difference was 40%. Conclusion: Intervention could be beneficial by enhancing speed and accuracy needed for fast bowling in cricket. This research indicates that pre-event chiropractic manipulation may enhance the performance of experienced male medium, medium-fast and fast bowlers The benefit of this study was not only to demonstrate the efficacy of chiropractic manipulation in pre-event intervention and to enhance cricketers’ bowling performance but also to provide evidence to secure a place for chiropractic in sports medicine in the high profile sporting arena where there is a focus on team sports. The study also proved the advantages of pre-event chiropractic manipulation for athletes participating in sports that require increase explosive power and concentration.
- Full Text:
The effects of lumbar spine manipulation versus lower extremity manipulation on agility in asymptomatic athletes
- Authors: Lindeque, Corné
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Motor ability , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Athletes - Health and hygiene , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93111 , uj:20309 , Citation: Lindeque, C. 2016. The effects of lumbar spine manipulation versus Lower extremity manipulation on agility in Asymptomatic athletes.
- Description: Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective method of pre-event treatment for asymptomatic patients through comparing lumbar spine manipulation, lower extremity manipulation and a combination of both on the effect of explosive power and agility, as a measure of improvement. Method: Thirty asymptomatic athletes of moderate to high activity, indicated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group 1 received lumbar spine and pelvis manipulation. Group 2 received lower limb manipulation only and Group 3 received a combination of lumbar spine, pelvis and lower extremity manipulation. Participants had to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria to be part of the study. Procedure: The study consisted of six consultations over a three week period, with intervention on every consultation and objective data obtained before and after intervention. The intervention period consisted of motion palpation of the specific groups’ regions and manipulative therapy of the findings in each region. Results: All three groups showed improvements in jump height, jump pressure output and the Illinois test. Group 1 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.26 cm, 2.5 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.32 seconds average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Group 2 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.10 cm, 1.7 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.03 second average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Group 3 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.09 cm, 2.8 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.86 second average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Analysis done on the immediate effect of Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy (CMT) on the hang time during the vertical jump test, displayed an overall statistically significant effect 33 %. Although some effect was achieved, the intervention had no constant improvement on the jump hang time. The minor result was attributed to the small changes in readings. Conclusion: Although results obtained were not statistically significant (p>0.05), it demonstrated from a clinical perspective that interventions caused an improvement in jump height, jump pressure output and the Illinois tests’ time in all three groups. Group 3 showed a greater improvement in every aspect, despite being the group with the least demographical advantage. Group 1 had the second best results...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lindeque, Corné
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Motor ability , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Athletes - Health and hygiene , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93111 , uj:20309 , Citation: Lindeque, C. 2016. The effects of lumbar spine manipulation versus Lower extremity manipulation on agility in Asymptomatic athletes.
- Description: Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective method of pre-event treatment for asymptomatic patients through comparing lumbar spine manipulation, lower extremity manipulation and a combination of both on the effect of explosive power and agility, as a measure of improvement. Method: Thirty asymptomatic athletes of moderate to high activity, indicated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group 1 received lumbar spine and pelvis manipulation. Group 2 received lower limb manipulation only and Group 3 received a combination of lumbar spine, pelvis and lower extremity manipulation. Participants had to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria to be part of the study. Procedure: The study consisted of six consultations over a three week period, with intervention on every consultation and objective data obtained before and after intervention. The intervention period consisted of motion palpation of the specific groups’ regions and manipulative therapy of the findings in each region. Results: All three groups showed improvements in jump height, jump pressure output and the Illinois test. Group 1 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.26 cm, 2.5 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.32 seconds average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Group 2 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.10 cm, 1.7 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.03 second average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Group 3 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.09 cm, 2.8 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.86 second average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Analysis done on the immediate effect of Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy (CMT) on the hang time during the vertical jump test, displayed an overall statistically significant effect 33 %. Although some effect was achieved, the intervention had no constant improvement on the jump hang time. The minor result was attributed to the small changes in readings. Conclusion: Although results obtained were not statistically significant (p>0.05), it demonstrated from a clinical perspective that interventions caused an improvement in jump height, jump pressure output and the Illinois tests’ time in all three groups. Group 3 showed a greater improvement in every aspect, despite being the group with the least demographical advantage. Group 1 had the second best results...
- Full Text:
The effects of lumbar spine manipulation versus lower extremity manipulation on agility in asymptomatic athletes
- Authors: Lindeque, Corné
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Motor ability , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Athletes - Health and hygiene , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/91298 , uj:20092
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective method of pre-event treatment for asymptomatic patients through comparing lumbar spine manipulation, lower extremity manipulation and a combination of both on the effect of explosive power and agility, as a measure of improvement. Method: Thirty asymptomatic athletes of moderate to high activity, indicated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) participated in this study. Participants were be randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group 1 received lumbar spine and pelvis manipulation. Group 2 received lower limb manipulation only and Group 3 received a combination of lumbar spine, pelvis and lower extremity manipulation. Participants had to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria to be part of the study. The study consisted of six consultations over a three week period, with intervention on every consultation and objective data obtained before and after intervention. The intervention period consisted of motion palpation of the specific groups’ regions and manipulative therapy of the findings in each region. Results: All three groups showed improvements in jump height, jump pressure output and the Illinois test. Group 1 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.26 cm, 2.5 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.32 seconds average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Group 2 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.10 cm, 1.7 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.03 second average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Group 3 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.09 cm, 2.8 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.86 second average increase for the run of the Illinois test... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lindeque, Corné
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Motor ability , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Athletes - Health and hygiene , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/91298 , uj:20092
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective method of pre-event treatment for asymptomatic patients through comparing lumbar spine manipulation, lower extremity manipulation and a combination of both on the effect of explosive power and agility, as a measure of improvement. Method: Thirty asymptomatic athletes of moderate to high activity, indicated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) participated in this study. Participants were be randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group 1 received lumbar spine and pelvis manipulation. Group 2 received lower limb manipulation only and Group 3 received a combination of lumbar spine, pelvis and lower extremity manipulation. Participants had to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria to be part of the study. The study consisted of six consultations over a three week period, with intervention on every consultation and objective data obtained before and after intervention. The intervention period consisted of motion palpation of the specific groups’ regions and manipulative therapy of the findings in each region. Results: All three groups showed improvements in jump height, jump pressure output and the Illinois test. Group 1 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.26 cm, 2.5 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.32 seconds average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Group 2 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.10 cm, 1.7 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.03 second average increase for the run of the Illinois test. Group 3 showed an average increase in jump height of 3.09 cm, 2.8 Pa average increase in pressure output and 1.86 second average increase for the run of the Illinois test... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effect of chiropractic manipulation on the tactile sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve
- Authors: Lombard, Dayna Teresa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Trigeminal nerve , Facial pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231307 , uj:23555
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The trigeminocervical nucleus is found at the junction whereby the sensory input from the trigeminal nerve and the first three cervical spinal nerves overlap. Due to the close proximity of structures within the upper cervical spine and the trigeminocervical nucleus, cervical facet syndrome and its mechanism may have an effect on the trigeminal nerve and its various components, leading to potential disrupted and altered function of this nerve. Of particular interest in this research study is the tactile sensitivity of the nerve. This has been proposed after evidence has suggested that in the presence of spinal dysfunction, altered afferent input to the central nervous system may occur (Haavik-Taylor and Murphy, 2010). Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of chiropractic spinal manipulation to the upper cervical spine, with associated neck pain, and the possible resultant change in the tactile sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve distribution. Method: This was a quantitative single blinded study with random group allocation. 100 participants were assessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into group 1 (spinal manipulation group) or group 2 (control group). All participants had tactile sensitivity assessments performed before treatment as well as immediately after treatment followed by 5 and 10 minutes after treatment. All objective readings were taken by a research assistant in a separate room. Procedure: This study consisted of a once-off treatment whereby participants in group 1 (spinal manipulation group) received chiropractic spinal manipulation performed on restricted segments of the upper cervical spine and participants in group 2 (control group) did not receive treatment. Objective data in the form of Semmes-Weinstein monofilament numerical ratings and two point discrimination distances were conducted in order to note any changes in sensitivity...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lombard, Dayna Teresa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Trigeminal nerve , Facial pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231307 , uj:23555
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The trigeminocervical nucleus is found at the junction whereby the sensory input from the trigeminal nerve and the first three cervical spinal nerves overlap. Due to the close proximity of structures within the upper cervical spine and the trigeminocervical nucleus, cervical facet syndrome and its mechanism may have an effect on the trigeminal nerve and its various components, leading to potential disrupted and altered function of this nerve. Of particular interest in this research study is the tactile sensitivity of the nerve. This has been proposed after evidence has suggested that in the presence of spinal dysfunction, altered afferent input to the central nervous system may occur (Haavik-Taylor and Murphy, 2010). Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of chiropractic spinal manipulation to the upper cervical spine, with associated neck pain, and the possible resultant change in the tactile sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve distribution. Method: This was a quantitative single blinded study with random group allocation. 100 participants were assessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into group 1 (spinal manipulation group) or group 2 (control group). All participants had tactile sensitivity assessments performed before treatment as well as immediately after treatment followed by 5 and 10 minutes after treatment. All objective readings were taken by a research assistant in a separate room. Procedure: This study consisted of a once-off treatment whereby participants in group 1 (spinal manipulation group) received chiropractic spinal manipulation performed on restricted segments of the upper cervical spine and participants in group 2 (control group) did not receive treatment. Objective data in the form of Semmes-Weinstein monofilament numerical ratings and two point discrimination distances were conducted in order to note any changes in sensitivity...
- Full Text:
The effect of lumbosacral manipulation therapy, interferential current therapy andthe combination thereof on hamstring strength and flexibility
- Authors: Long, Leezy
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Electrotherapeutics , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Hamstring muscle , Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246700 , uj:25588
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of lumbosacral manipulation and interferential current therapy as well as the combination thereof on hamstring flexibility and strength. Method: Thirty participants that had one hamstring muscle weaker and less flexible than the other, as indicated by the dynamometer and digital inclinometer, participated in this study. The participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group 1 received lumbosacral manipulation therapy. Group 2 received interferential current therapy on both the hamstring muscles and Group3 received both lumbosacral manipulation therapy and interferential current therapy on the hamstring muscles. The study included seven visits, over a period of three weeks, with intervention on the first six consultations and objective data collected on the first, fourth and seventh visits. The intervention for Group 1 consisted of motion palpation of any lumbosacral restriction. Diversified chiropractic techniques were used by the researcher to manipulate the restricted segment/s. Group 2 received interferential current therapy on both the hamstring muscles and Group 3 received a combination of both lumbosacral manipulation therapy as well as interferential current therapy on both the hamstring muscles. Results: Both objective data (dynamometer and digital inclinometer) had a positive average improvement on both sides. The dynamometer data showed an increase of 23.48% on the left hand side and 27.91% on the right hand side of Group 1. Group 2 showed an average increase of 28.46% on the left hand side and 33.11% on the right hand side, while Group 3 showed an average increase of 25.77% on the left hand side and 33.11 % on the right hand side...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Long, Leezy
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Electrotherapeutics , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Hamstring muscle , Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246700 , uj:25588
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of lumbosacral manipulation and interferential current therapy as well as the combination thereof on hamstring flexibility and strength. Method: Thirty participants that had one hamstring muscle weaker and less flexible than the other, as indicated by the dynamometer and digital inclinometer, participated in this study. The participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group 1 received lumbosacral manipulation therapy. Group 2 received interferential current therapy on both the hamstring muscles and Group3 received both lumbosacral manipulation therapy and interferential current therapy on the hamstring muscles. The study included seven visits, over a period of three weeks, with intervention on the first six consultations and objective data collected on the first, fourth and seventh visits. The intervention for Group 1 consisted of motion palpation of any lumbosacral restriction. Diversified chiropractic techniques were used by the researcher to manipulate the restricted segment/s. Group 2 received interferential current therapy on both the hamstring muscles and Group 3 received a combination of both lumbosacral manipulation therapy as well as interferential current therapy on both the hamstring muscles. Results: Both objective data (dynamometer and digital inclinometer) had a positive average improvement on both sides. The dynamometer data showed an increase of 23.48% on the left hand side and 27.91% on the right hand side of Group 1. Group 2 showed an average increase of 28.46% on the left hand side and 33.11% on the right hand side, while Group 3 showed an average increase of 25.77% on the left hand side and 33.11 % on the right hand side...
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The effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation and ischaemic compression versus chiropractic manipulation and shockwave therapy on trapezius trigger points
- Authors: Lowe, James Douglas
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation , Shockwave therapy
- Language: English
- Type: Articles
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268972 , uj:28564 , Citation: Lowe, J.D. 2018. The effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation and ischaemic compression versus chiropractic manipulation and shockwave therapy on trapezius trigger points.
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of a treatment protocol that included Chiropractic manipulation and ischaemic compression against an alternative treatment protocol that involved Chiropractic manipulation and Shockwave therapy. Both protocols were carried out on a target group that presented with an active myofascial trigger point of the upper trapezius muscles. Method: A selection of 30 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years were recruited for this study, all of which presented with mechanical neck pain that was caused by the presence of an active myofascial trapezius trigger point. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups, with each group containing 15 participants. Group 1 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy to their cervical spine and upper thoracic spine as well as ischaemic compression to the active myofascial trapezius trigger point. Group 2 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy to their cervical spine and upper thoracic spine as well as Shockwave therapy to the active myofascial trigger point present in the trapezius muscle. Each participant received a total of 6 treatments with the seventh and final treatment being a data collection consult only, this was the same for both groups. Results: Both treatment protocols had positive clinical effects on the participants. Subjectively the participants, on average, experienced a decrease in perceived pain. Objectively both the CROM measurements and the Pressure Algometer readings decreased throughout the trial period, this was noted in both groups. Conclusion: In conclusion both treatment protocols had positive effects on participants over the trial, neither treatment protocol had definitive statistical improvements compared to the other in the treatment of mechanical neck pain with associated trapezius myofascial trigger point involvement and thus to conclude, both ischaemic compression therapy and Shockwave therapy in conjunction with cervical and upper thoracic spinal manipulations can be used to effectively treat mechanical neck pain with associated trapezius myofascial trigger point involvement.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lowe, James Douglas
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation , Shockwave therapy
- Language: English
- Type: Articles
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268972 , uj:28564 , Citation: Lowe, J.D. 2018. The effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation and ischaemic compression versus chiropractic manipulation and shockwave therapy on trapezius trigger points.
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of a treatment protocol that included Chiropractic manipulation and ischaemic compression against an alternative treatment protocol that involved Chiropractic manipulation and Shockwave therapy. Both protocols were carried out on a target group that presented with an active myofascial trigger point of the upper trapezius muscles. Method: A selection of 30 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years were recruited for this study, all of which presented with mechanical neck pain that was caused by the presence of an active myofascial trapezius trigger point. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups, with each group containing 15 participants. Group 1 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy to their cervical spine and upper thoracic spine as well as ischaemic compression to the active myofascial trapezius trigger point. Group 2 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy to their cervical spine and upper thoracic spine as well as Shockwave therapy to the active myofascial trigger point present in the trapezius muscle. Each participant received a total of 6 treatments with the seventh and final treatment being a data collection consult only, this was the same for both groups. Results: Both treatment protocols had positive clinical effects on the participants. Subjectively the participants, on average, experienced a decrease in perceived pain. Objectively both the CROM measurements and the Pressure Algometer readings decreased throughout the trial period, this was noted in both groups. Conclusion: In conclusion both treatment protocols had positive effects on participants over the trial, neither treatment protocol had definitive statistical improvements compared to the other in the treatment of mechanical neck pain with associated trapezius myofascial trigger point involvement and thus to conclude, both ischaemic compression therapy and Shockwave therapy in conjunction with cervical and upper thoracic spinal manipulations can be used to effectively treat mechanical neck pain with associated trapezius myofascial trigger point involvement.
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The efficacy of soft tissue therapy in the chiropractic management of subacute and chronic Grade I and Grade II ankle inversion sprains
- Authors: Lyons, Craig
- Date: 2009-06-17T07:18:35Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8477 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2637
- Description: M.Tech.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Lyons, Craig
- Date: 2009-06-17T07:18:35Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8477 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2637
- Description: M.Tech.
- Full Text: false
Describing the effect of chiropractic cervical manipulation on disturbed sleeping patterns
- Authors: Mc Donnell, Kelly
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Sleep - Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/90996 , uj:20050
- Description: Abstract: Introduction:Approximately one hundred and fifty million people worldwide suffer from sleep disturbances. In South Africa, thirty one percent of women and twenty seven percent of men have reported difficulty with sleep (Breus, 2012). Sleep deprivation results in problems such as impaired brain activity, cognitive dysfunctions and, in some cases, serious health problems such as heart attacks, high blood pressure and strokes. It can also result in problems such as impaired memory, hallucinations, depression, moodiness, weakened immune response and weight gain. There are many treatment approaches to sleep disturbances, ranging from psychology sessions to treatment with sleep medication. There also are many claims in the form of patient’s comments, observations by chiropractors, unpublished case studies and blogs that chiropractic treatment affects sleeping patterns. Despite these numerous claims, no research has been done to validate themor to provide evidence supporting theories of how manipulation could influence sleeping patterns. Aim:The aim of the study was to describe the effect that chiropractic cervical manipulation may have on disturbed sleeping patterns. The effect was measured by evaluating the participants’ sleep quality with the use of a sleeping apparatus, the FitBit, which records the sleeping pattern as well as the participants’ perception of the improvement in their sleep disturbance. Method:All volunteers were required to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which ultimately resulted in the recruitment of ten participants who matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the selection process had been completed, the first consultation was conducted. In this consultation,an information form was given to the participants, andeach was asked to sign an informed consent form. Preconsultation education regarding the use of the FitBit was also completed. Thereafter, a full case history was taken and a full physical exam as well as a cervical spine regional exam was performed. Each participant’s FitBit data, personal comments, MLSEQ and LSEQ were used by the researcher to describe whether or not chiropractic cervical manipulation had an effect on each participant’s disturbed sleeping pattern. Each participant attended six consultations over a period two weeks. Chiropractic treatment took place at four of the six consultations... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mc Donnell, Kelly
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Sleep - Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/90996 , uj:20050
- Description: Abstract: Introduction:Approximately one hundred and fifty million people worldwide suffer from sleep disturbances. In South Africa, thirty one percent of women and twenty seven percent of men have reported difficulty with sleep (Breus, 2012). Sleep deprivation results in problems such as impaired brain activity, cognitive dysfunctions and, in some cases, serious health problems such as heart attacks, high blood pressure and strokes. It can also result in problems such as impaired memory, hallucinations, depression, moodiness, weakened immune response and weight gain. There are many treatment approaches to sleep disturbances, ranging from psychology sessions to treatment with sleep medication. There also are many claims in the form of patient’s comments, observations by chiropractors, unpublished case studies and blogs that chiropractic treatment affects sleeping patterns. Despite these numerous claims, no research has been done to validate themor to provide evidence supporting theories of how manipulation could influence sleeping patterns. Aim:The aim of the study was to describe the effect that chiropractic cervical manipulation may have on disturbed sleeping patterns. The effect was measured by evaluating the participants’ sleep quality with the use of a sleeping apparatus, the FitBit, which records the sleeping pattern as well as the participants’ perception of the improvement in their sleep disturbance. Method:All volunteers were required to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which ultimately resulted in the recruitment of ten participants who matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the selection process had been completed, the first consultation was conducted. In this consultation,an information form was given to the participants, andeach was asked to sign an informed consent form. Preconsultation education regarding the use of the FitBit was also completed. Thereafter, a full case history was taken and a full physical exam as well as a cervical spine regional exam was performed. Each participant’s FitBit data, personal comments, MLSEQ and LSEQ were used by the researcher to describe whether or not chiropractic cervical manipulation had an effect on each participant’s disturbed sleeping pattern. Each participant attended six consultations over a period two weeks. Chiropractic treatment took place at four of the six consultations... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
Describing the effect of chiropractic cervical manipulation on disturbed sleeping patterns
- Authors: Mc Donnell, Kelly
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Sleep - Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93129 , uj:20312 , Citation: Mc Donnell, K. 2016. Describing the effect of chiropractic cervical manipulation on disturbed sleeping Patterns.
- Description: Abstract:Purpose: To describe whether chiropractic cervical manipulation may have an effect on disturbed sleeping patterns. Method: All volunteers were required to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which ultimately resulted in the recruitment of ten participants who matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the selection process had been completed, the first consultation was conducted. In this consultation, an information form was given to the participants, and each was asked to sign an informed consent form. Pre-consultation education regarding the use of the FitBit was also completed. Thereafter, a full case history was taken and a full physical exam as well as a cervical spine regional exam was performed. Each participant’s FitBit data, personal comments, MLSEQ and LSEQ were used by the researcher to describe whether or not chiropractic cervical manipulation had an effect on each participant’s disturbed sleeping pattern. Each participant attended six consultations over a period two weeks. Chiropractic treatment took place at four of the six consultations. Procedure: At each consultation, the participants were required to report on any changes they had experienced from the previous consultation, whether it was related to chiropractic treatment or not. They were required to fill out the modified portion of the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, which was collected and compared at the end of the trial. The orthopaedic tests that presented positive on the first consult were re-tested to identify any changes or improvements. The participants were also treated with a chiropractic cervical manipulation from the second to the fifth visit. At the end of the study, the participants were required to fill out the full Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire and return the FitBit. The modified Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, the full Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire and the FitBit data were analysed and reported on. Results: Clinically, rather limited trends or linear improvements were presented. Some participants showed an improvement on some nights of the study, but not often enough to comment on. Statistically, the results that presented were insignificant; this may be due to the small sample size and perhaps because the study did not take place over a long enough period. Conclusion: The participants did not show sufficient objective changes over the course of the study to substantiate any evidence of change. Rather limited linear trends of improvements presented for all measures of...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mc Donnell, Kelly
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Sleep - Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93129 , uj:20312 , Citation: Mc Donnell, K. 2016. Describing the effect of chiropractic cervical manipulation on disturbed sleeping Patterns.
- Description: Abstract:Purpose: To describe whether chiropractic cervical manipulation may have an effect on disturbed sleeping patterns. Method: All volunteers were required to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which ultimately resulted in the recruitment of ten participants who matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the selection process had been completed, the first consultation was conducted. In this consultation, an information form was given to the participants, and each was asked to sign an informed consent form. Pre-consultation education regarding the use of the FitBit was also completed. Thereafter, a full case history was taken and a full physical exam as well as a cervical spine regional exam was performed. Each participant’s FitBit data, personal comments, MLSEQ and LSEQ were used by the researcher to describe whether or not chiropractic cervical manipulation had an effect on each participant’s disturbed sleeping pattern. Each participant attended six consultations over a period two weeks. Chiropractic treatment took place at four of the six consultations. Procedure: At each consultation, the participants were required to report on any changes they had experienced from the previous consultation, whether it was related to chiropractic treatment or not. They were required to fill out the modified portion of the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, which was collected and compared at the end of the trial. The orthopaedic tests that presented positive on the first consult were re-tested to identify any changes or improvements. The participants were also treated with a chiropractic cervical manipulation from the second to the fifth visit. At the end of the study, the participants were required to fill out the full Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire and return the FitBit. The modified Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, the full Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire and the FitBit data were analysed and reported on. Results: Clinically, rather limited trends or linear improvements were presented. Some participants showed an improvement on some nights of the study, but not often enough to comment on. Statistically, the results that presented were insignificant; this may be due to the small sample size and perhaps because the study did not take place over a long enough period. Conclusion: The participants did not show sufficient objective changes over the course of the study to substantiate any evidence of change. Rather limited linear trends of improvements presented for all measures of...
- Full Text:
The effects of chiropractic manipulative therapy of the hip joint on the path of the centre of pressure of the foot during gait
- Authors: McHarg, Amy Kathryn
- Date: 2014-04-23
- Subjects: Hip joint , Chiropractic , Gait in humans
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10351
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: A kinematic chain consists of a succession of joints linking several fixed components (Levangie and Norkin, 2005). Any tension or restriction within a component of this chain increases the load placed on the remaining components (Commorford and Mottram, 2001). Pathomechanics of the hip may have an effect on the areas of pressure exerted by the plantar surface of the foot during gait through the kinematic chain (Levangie and Norkin, 2005). Chiropractic manipulative therapy restores the correct biomechanical function to a joint (Gatterman, 2005). No previous research to determine the effect of hip manipulation on lower limb biomechanics and gait patterns has been identified. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy of the hip on gait patterns, particularly the degrees of foot rotation and the pathway of the centre of pressure of the foot. Method: Sixty participants matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study were recruited. The procedure, risks and benefits were explained to each of them and they were required to sign an information and consent form. The participants then underwent a full case history accompanied by a physical and hip regional examination, including motion palpation of the hip. This ensured that none of the participants matched the exclusion criteria consisting of serious gait abnormalities, contraindications to manipulation and the receipt of simultaneous forms of treatment. Individual gait analysis by the Zebris FDM-System was performed for each participant before they received a hip manipulation. A second gait analysis was then conducted to determine a change. Procedure: Each participant was required to walk barefoot over the Zebris platform for approximately 2 minutes while 3 – 5 gait cycles were recorded for gait analysis. The participant then received manipulative therapy of the restricted hip. A second gait analysis was performed just as the first. The Zebris software calculated the average results from before and after the hip manipulation and displayed the changes of foot rotation and the parameters of the pathway of the centre of pressure in a report for each participant. The focus of this study was the manipulated hip. Changes of the non-manipulated hip were mentioned only where applicable. The Zebris FDM-System allows for accurate gait analysis due to its “capacitive force sensors,” each of which possesses its own calibration curve (Zebris Medical GmbH, 2006). Results: Statistically significant changes were found for certain gait parameters representing the pathway of the centre of pressure. These included anterior/posterior variability, lateral symmetry and lateral symmetry variability. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that chiropractic manipulative therapy of the hip has an effect on certain centre of pressure parameters and chiropractors, therefore, should be consulted for the treatment of gait abnormalities. The study trial involved only a single treatment per participant. Further studies should be conducted to determine whether multiple treatments and manipulation of other kinematic chain components have an effect.
- Full Text:
- Authors: McHarg, Amy Kathryn
- Date: 2014-04-23
- Subjects: Hip joint , Chiropractic , Gait in humans
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10351
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: A kinematic chain consists of a succession of joints linking several fixed components (Levangie and Norkin, 2005). Any tension or restriction within a component of this chain increases the load placed on the remaining components (Commorford and Mottram, 2001). Pathomechanics of the hip may have an effect on the areas of pressure exerted by the plantar surface of the foot during gait through the kinematic chain (Levangie and Norkin, 2005). Chiropractic manipulative therapy restores the correct biomechanical function to a joint (Gatterman, 2005). No previous research to determine the effect of hip manipulation on lower limb biomechanics and gait patterns has been identified. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy of the hip on gait patterns, particularly the degrees of foot rotation and the pathway of the centre of pressure of the foot. Method: Sixty participants matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study were recruited. The procedure, risks and benefits were explained to each of them and they were required to sign an information and consent form. The participants then underwent a full case history accompanied by a physical and hip regional examination, including motion palpation of the hip. This ensured that none of the participants matched the exclusion criteria consisting of serious gait abnormalities, contraindications to manipulation and the receipt of simultaneous forms of treatment. Individual gait analysis by the Zebris FDM-System was performed for each participant before they received a hip manipulation. A second gait analysis was then conducted to determine a change. Procedure: Each participant was required to walk barefoot over the Zebris platform for approximately 2 minutes while 3 – 5 gait cycles were recorded for gait analysis. The participant then received manipulative therapy of the restricted hip. A second gait analysis was performed just as the first. The Zebris software calculated the average results from before and after the hip manipulation and displayed the changes of foot rotation and the parameters of the pathway of the centre of pressure in a report for each participant. The focus of this study was the manipulated hip. Changes of the non-manipulated hip were mentioned only where applicable. The Zebris FDM-System allows for accurate gait analysis due to its “capacitive force sensors,” each of which possesses its own calibration curve (Zebris Medical GmbH, 2006). Results: Statistically significant changes were found for certain gait parameters representing the pathway of the centre of pressure. These included anterior/posterior variability, lateral symmetry and lateral symmetry variability. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that chiropractic manipulative therapy of the hip has an effect on certain centre of pressure parameters and chiropractors, therefore, should be consulted for the treatment of gait abnormalities. The study trial involved only a single treatment per participant. Further studies should be conducted to determine whether multiple treatments and manipulation of other kinematic chain components have an effect.
- Full Text:
The effect of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation on balance
- Authors: Nolan, Justin Henry
- Date: 2010-03-31T07:00:52Z
- Subjects: Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6715 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3119
- Description: M. Tech. , It has been noted in the literature that the sensory system consists of the visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems (Guyton and Hall, 1997; Arnold and Schmitz, 1998; Murphy, 2000; Nakata and Yabe, 2001; Magee, 2002 and Gatterman, 2004). In congruence with the above authors Katz (1996), Gatterman (2004) and Murphy (2000), Morningstar, Pettibon, Schlappi, Schlapp and Ireland (2005) further stated that the postural reflexes can be subcategorised as the following: visual righting reflex, labyrinthine righting reflexes, neck righting reflexes, body on head righting reflexes and body on body righting reflexes. Each of these neurological mechanisms plays a role in balance / equilibrium. Furthermore it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy has an effect on neurological systems. Therefore it stands to reason that spinal manipulative therapy may have an effect on balance or equilibrium.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nolan, Justin Henry
- Date: 2010-03-31T07:00:52Z
- Subjects: Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6715 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3119
- Description: M. Tech. , It has been noted in the literature that the sensory system consists of the visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems (Guyton and Hall, 1997; Arnold and Schmitz, 1998; Murphy, 2000; Nakata and Yabe, 2001; Magee, 2002 and Gatterman, 2004). In congruence with the above authors Katz (1996), Gatterman (2004) and Murphy (2000), Morningstar, Pettibon, Schlappi, Schlapp and Ireland (2005) further stated that the postural reflexes can be subcategorised as the following: visual righting reflex, labyrinthine righting reflexes, neck righting reflexes, body on head righting reflexes and body on body righting reflexes. Each of these neurological mechanisms plays a role in balance / equilibrium. Furthermore it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy has an effect on neurological systems. Therefore it stands to reason that spinal manipulative therapy may have an effect on balance or equilibrium.
- Full Text:
Cervical spine manipulation versus sub-occipital muscle release technique in the treatment of tension type headaches
- Authors: Orr, Craig Ross
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Spinal adjustment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292988 , uj:31849
- Description: Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation and muscle tension release technique of the sub occipital muscles in relieving tension-type headaches. This study was also used to determine which treatment protocol would be most effective in relieving tension-type headaches, cervical spine chiropractic manipulation, and muscle tension release technique of the sub occipital muscles or a combination of both treatment protocols. Study design: A randomized clinical study was used in this research study. Setting: University of Johannesburg, Chiropractic Day Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. Subjects: A total of thirty participants were used, male and female, between the ages of 18-50 years. The participants were divided into three groups, with each group consisting of ten participants. Group A received cervical spine manipulations; Group B received muscle tension release technique of the sub occipital muscles and Group C a combination of cervical spine manipulation and muscle tension release technique of the sub occipital muscles . Methods: Prior to becoming a participant, each individual was assessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thereafter participants had to read and sign relevant information and consent forms. A full case history, physical examination and cervical spine regional examination was then completed. Procedure: Subjective data was collected from the participants using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Headache Impact Questionnaire and the Neck Disability Index. Objective data was collected from the participants by using the Pressure Algometer. Objective and subjective data was collected prior to the 1st and 3rd treatment consultations and at the 5th final consultation. Each participant was treated four times, over a two week period. An additional 5th consultation was done to obtain objective and subjective data only. Results: Statistically significant improvements regarding the Headache Impact Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index and Pressure Algometer occurred in all three groups. However in terms of intergroup analysis regarding the Headache Impact Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index and Pressure Algometer, no statistically significant improvements occurred, meaning that no group proved to be more superior to the others... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Orr, Craig Ross
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Spinal adjustment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292988 , uj:31849
- Description: Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation and muscle tension release technique of the sub occipital muscles in relieving tension-type headaches. This study was also used to determine which treatment protocol would be most effective in relieving tension-type headaches, cervical spine chiropractic manipulation, and muscle tension release technique of the sub occipital muscles or a combination of both treatment protocols. Study design: A randomized clinical study was used in this research study. Setting: University of Johannesburg, Chiropractic Day Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. Subjects: A total of thirty participants were used, male and female, between the ages of 18-50 years. The participants were divided into three groups, with each group consisting of ten participants. Group A received cervical spine manipulations; Group B received muscle tension release technique of the sub occipital muscles and Group C a combination of cervical spine manipulation and muscle tension release technique of the sub occipital muscles . Methods: Prior to becoming a participant, each individual was assessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thereafter participants had to read and sign relevant information and consent forms. A full case history, physical examination and cervical spine regional examination was then completed. Procedure: Subjective data was collected from the participants using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Headache Impact Questionnaire and the Neck Disability Index. Objective data was collected from the participants by using the Pressure Algometer. Objective and subjective data was collected prior to the 1st and 3rd treatment consultations and at the 5th final consultation. Each participant was treated four times, over a two week period. An additional 5th consultation was done to obtain objective and subjective data only. Results: Statistically significant improvements regarding the Headache Impact Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index and Pressure Algometer occurred in all three groups. However in terms of intergroup analysis regarding the Headache Impact Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index and Pressure Algometer, no statistically significant improvements occurred, meaning that no group proved to be more superior to the others... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effect of chiropractic manipulation combined with targeted exercises on balance
- Authors: Osler, Sarah Nomvula
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Exercise therapy , Equilibrium (Physiology)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226630 , uj:22920
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: To determine the effect of chiropractic manipulation, combined with targeted exercises, on balance. Method: Thirty participants were divided into two groups of fifteen: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received chiropractic manipulation to restricted joints in the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints, as well as a 45-minute pilates-based targeted exercise class once per week for six weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups had their balance assessed three times using the Biodex Balance System SD: once before the study started, for a second time halfway through the study (prior to treatment for the participants in the experimental group), and a final measurement when the trials had been completed. Results: With regards to the clinical analysis of the results, both the experimental and control groups showed an improvement in their balance performance, with a larger improvement occurring in the experimental group. The experimental group showed a progressive improvement from measurement to measurement, whereas the control group showed a dramatic improvement from the first to the second measurements, with the difference between the second to the third measurement ranging from a very small improvement to a worsened performance. When analysed individually, both groups showed significant improvement between measurements, with the experimental group showing more statistically significant readings. However, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the scores of the two groups to one another. Conclusion: As there was no statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups, no conclusion can be made as to whether or not the combination of targeted exercise classes and chiropractic manipulation has any effect on balance. The small sample size also does not allow a generalisation of these results to the broader public. However, it is possible that with certain methodological changes, significant results may be seen.
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- Authors: Osler, Sarah Nomvula
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Exercise therapy , Equilibrium (Physiology)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226630 , uj:22920
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: To determine the effect of chiropractic manipulation, combined with targeted exercises, on balance. Method: Thirty participants were divided into two groups of fifteen: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received chiropractic manipulation to restricted joints in the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints, as well as a 45-minute pilates-based targeted exercise class once per week for six weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups had their balance assessed three times using the Biodex Balance System SD: once before the study started, for a second time halfway through the study (prior to treatment for the participants in the experimental group), and a final measurement when the trials had been completed. Results: With regards to the clinical analysis of the results, both the experimental and control groups showed an improvement in their balance performance, with a larger improvement occurring in the experimental group. The experimental group showed a progressive improvement from measurement to measurement, whereas the control group showed a dramatic improvement from the first to the second measurements, with the difference between the second to the third measurement ranging from a very small improvement to a worsened performance. When analysed individually, both groups showed significant improvement between measurements, with the experimental group showing more statistically significant readings. However, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the scores of the two groups to one another. Conclusion: As there was no statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups, no conclusion can be made as to whether or not the combination of targeted exercise classes and chiropractic manipulation has any effect on balance. The small sample size also does not allow a generalisation of these results to the broader public. However, it is possible that with certain methodological changes, significant results may be seen.
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The effect of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal manipulative therapy on pressure algometer readings of rhomboid and infraspinatus muscles by influencing the fascial tension of the spiral line
- Authors: Parker, Percy James Shannon
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Pain - Measurement , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58633 , uj:16474
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Parker, Percy James Shannon
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Pain - Measurement , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58633 , uj:16474
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effect of chiropractic cervical spine adjustment on cervical range of motion, beyond the direct effect of cavitation
- Authors: Paton, Glen James
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Joints - Range of motion , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4564 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9912
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the extent Chiropractic manipulative therapy increases ROM beyond the joint-separation induced ROM initially experienced via the cavitation phenomenon in the absence of neck pain. Method: Sixty participants between eighteen and thirty-five years of age, thirty male and thirty female whom met the inclusion of no neck pain and perceived decreased ROM were selected for participation. There was a single group with each participant‟s pre-adjustment readings acting as a baseline. Procedure: Participants were assessed for hypomobility and joint dysfunction. Those who met the inclusion criteria underwent a detailed history, physical and cervical spine regional examination on the initial consult. A pre-adjustment objective measurement was acquired using a cervical spine range of motion (CROM) device. Once the consent form was signed participants received Chiropractic cervical spine manipulative therapy to the area/s of the cervical spine found to be restricted on motion palpation by the researcher. Post-adjustment objective measurements were taken at one, twenty, forty and sixty minutes using the CROM device. Participants were required to remain in the researcher‟s examination room for 60 minutes post-adjustment with continuation of regular day to day activity and no strenuous activity during the twenty-four hour period of the study. The participant was required to return for a single follow up visit within a time frame of twenty-four hours of the initial visit. The follow-up visit required no treatment. At twenty-four hours, the participant was objectively measured for cervical spine ROM using the CROM. The results were based on objective data in the form of cervical spine ROM measurements. Results: Clinical analysis of the percentage change in cervical spine ROM values revealed that clinically and statistically significant improvement was seen in all ranges of motion post-adjustment. General consensus showed that a peak value of improved ROM was seen post-adjustment at the one minute interval for all ranges of motion except flexion. Flexion demonstrated a peak ROM value at the twenty minute post-adjustment interval.
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- Authors: Paton, Glen James
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Joints - Range of motion , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4564 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9912
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the extent Chiropractic manipulative therapy increases ROM beyond the joint-separation induced ROM initially experienced via the cavitation phenomenon in the absence of neck pain. Method: Sixty participants between eighteen and thirty-five years of age, thirty male and thirty female whom met the inclusion of no neck pain and perceived decreased ROM were selected for participation. There was a single group with each participant‟s pre-adjustment readings acting as a baseline. Procedure: Participants were assessed for hypomobility and joint dysfunction. Those who met the inclusion criteria underwent a detailed history, physical and cervical spine regional examination on the initial consult. A pre-adjustment objective measurement was acquired using a cervical spine range of motion (CROM) device. Once the consent form was signed participants received Chiropractic cervical spine manipulative therapy to the area/s of the cervical spine found to be restricted on motion palpation by the researcher. Post-adjustment objective measurements were taken at one, twenty, forty and sixty minutes using the CROM device. Participants were required to remain in the researcher‟s examination room for 60 minutes post-adjustment with continuation of regular day to day activity and no strenuous activity during the twenty-four hour period of the study. The participant was required to return for a single follow up visit within a time frame of twenty-four hours of the initial visit. The follow-up visit required no treatment. At twenty-four hours, the participant was objectively measured for cervical spine ROM using the CROM. The results were based on objective data in the form of cervical spine ROM measurements. Results: Clinical analysis of the percentage change in cervical spine ROM values revealed that clinically and statistically significant improvement was seen in all ranges of motion post-adjustment. General consensus showed that a peak value of improved ROM was seen post-adjustment at the one minute interval for all ranges of motion except flexion. Flexion demonstrated a peak ROM value at the twenty minute post-adjustment interval.
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