The effects of diversified chiropractic manipulation versus sacro-occipital technique in chiropractic management of sacroiliac syndrome
- Authors: Dell, Charmaine
- Date: 2008-09-01T10:19:33Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/374055 , uj:4241 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/959
- Description: Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effects of Diversified Manipulation versus Sacro-Occipital Technique in the management and treatment of Sacroiliac Syndrome. Method: This study consisted of two groups, a Diversified group consisting of 15 subjects with Sacroiliac Syndrome and a Sacro-Occipital Technique group consisting of 15 subjects with Sacroiliac Syndrome. The subjects were between the ages of 18 and 55 years. Potential candidates were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Diversified group received Diversified Manipulative therapy to the sacroiliac joint, while the Sacro-Occipital group received SOT Category 2 blocking, from which the subjective and objective findings were based. Procedure: Each successful candidate was treated six times over a two-week period. Before the commencement of the treatment one, three and six, the candidate completed the Oswestry Back Pain and Disability Index questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Digital Inclinometer readings were taken of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions of the spine. Sacroiliac Manipulation was then administered to the Diversified group based on the restrictions obtained during motion palpation. Category 2 blocking was administered to the Sacro-Occipital Technique group based on the SOT Category 2 categorization test findings. The same treatment was administered at each of the six treatment sessions. Results: Objective statistically significant differences were noted on lateral flexion range of motion, in favour of the Sacro-Occipital Technique group. Subjective readings also showed statistically significant differences with regards to Oswestry Back Pain and Disability Index and Numerical Pain Rating Scale in favour of both the Diversified group and the Sacro-Occipital Technique group. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that both Sacro-Occipital Technique and Diversified have a positive effect on patients suffering from Sacroiliac Syndrome. However, Sacro-Occipital Technique proved to have a greater overall benefit compared to Diversified manipulation in the treatment and management of Sacroiliac Syndrome. It should be emphasized that the present study was a pilot study to determine the effects of Diversified manipulation versus Sacro-Occipital Technique in the management of Sacroiliac Syndrome. Accurate conclusions could not be formulated due to the remainder non-significant statistical findings obtained from the study; therefore further research needs to be conducted on this comparative study. , Dr. B. Losco Dr. C. D. Losco
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dell, Charmaine
- Date: 2008-09-01T10:19:33Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/374055 , uj:4241 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/959
- Description: Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effects of Diversified Manipulation versus Sacro-Occipital Technique in the management and treatment of Sacroiliac Syndrome. Method: This study consisted of two groups, a Diversified group consisting of 15 subjects with Sacroiliac Syndrome and a Sacro-Occipital Technique group consisting of 15 subjects with Sacroiliac Syndrome. The subjects were between the ages of 18 and 55 years. Potential candidates were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Diversified group received Diversified Manipulative therapy to the sacroiliac joint, while the Sacro-Occipital group received SOT Category 2 blocking, from which the subjective and objective findings were based. Procedure: Each successful candidate was treated six times over a two-week period. Before the commencement of the treatment one, three and six, the candidate completed the Oswestry Back Pain and Disability Index questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Digital Inclinometer readings were taken of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions of the spine. Sacroiliac Manipulation was then administered to the Diversified group based on the restrictions obtained during motion palpation. Category 2 blocking was administered to the Sacro-Occipital Technique group based on the SOT Category 2 categorization test findings. The same treatment was administered at each of the six treatment sessions. Results: Objective statistically significant differences were noted on lateral flexion range of motion, in favour of the Sacro-Occipital Technique group. Subjective readings also showed statistically significant differences with regards to Oswestry Back Pain and Disability Index and Numerical Pain Rating Scale in favour of both the Diversified group and the Sacro-Occipital Technique group. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that both Sacro-Occipital Technique and Diversified have a positive effect on patients suffering from Sacroiliac Syndrome. However, Sacro-Occipital Technique proved to have a greater overall benefit compared to Diversified manipulation in the treatment and management of Sacroiliac Syndrome. It should be emphasized that the present study was a pilot study to determine the effects of Diversified manipulation versus Sacro-Occipital Technique in the management of Sacroiliac Syndrome. Accurate conclusions could not be formulated due to the remainder non-significant statistical findings obtained from the study; therefore further research needs to be conducted on this comparative study. , Dr. B. Losco Dr. C. D. Losco
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The immediate effect of sacroiliac joint adjustment on functional leg length inequality
- Authors: Dryden-Schofield, Cherie
- Date: 2013-12-09
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Sacroiliac joint , Leg length inequality , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7823 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8717
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: To establish the immediate effect of sacroiliac joint adjustment on functional leg length Method: Seventy participants were randomly divided in two equal groups. Participants of Group A (n=35) leg length was measured pre and immediately post adjustment of dysfunctional sacroiliac joint. Group B (n=35) received the same assessment protocol with no adjustment being administered. The trial consisted of one treatment session only in which all data was obtained. Objective data consisted of measuring participant’s leg length from the anterior superior iliac spine to the apex of the medial malleolus using the standardized tape measure method. Subjective data was obtained through performing four sacroiliac joint orthopaedic tests or each participant’s and recording the results. Results: The subjective results showed positive results in at least three out of four of the orthopedic tests for the participants of both groups. The sacral thrust technique and sacroiliac joint compression showed a greater percentage positive result in Group A at 91.4% where as the sacroiliac joint distraction was positive in 94.3% of the participants in Group B. Gaenslen’s showed the least accuracy with a positive result in 82.9% of participants in Group A and 74.3% in Group B. Objectively, Shapiro-Wilk analysis indicated a statistically significant (p =0.014) change in the length of the left leg after treatment in Group A. A significant change in the length of both the right (p = 0.002) and left (p = 0.034) leg was found in Group B following assessment. Conclusion: The study showed that adjustment of the sacroiliac joint does not consistently result in change in functional leg length inequality. This information suggests that the assessment of functional leg length should not be used as the sole assessment tool in the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Practitioners should rather incorporate a variety of assessment methods as the inequality may be caused by factors unrelated to the dysfunction.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dryden-Schofield, Cherie
- Date: 2013-12-09
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Sacroiliac joint , Leg length inequality , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7823 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8717
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: To establish the immediate effect of sacroiliac joint adjustment on functional leg length Method: Seventy participants were randomly divided in two equal groups. Participants of Group A (n=35) leg length was measured pre and immediately post adjustment of dysfunctional sacroiliac joint. Group B (n=35) received the same assessment protocol with no adjustment being administered. The trial consisted of one treatment session only in which all data was obtained. Objective data consisted of measuring participant’s leg length from the anterior superior iliac spine to the apex of the medial malleolus using the standardized tape measure method. Subjective data was obtained through performing four sacroiliac joint orthopaedic tests or each participant’s and recording the results. Results: The subjective results showed positive results in at least three out of four of the orthopedic tests for the participants of both groups. The sacral thrust technique and sacroiliac joint compression showed a greater percentage positive result in Group A at 91.4% where as the sacroiliac joint distraction was positive in 94.3% of the participants in Group B. Gaenslen’s showed the least accuracy with a positive result in 82.9% of participants in Group A and 74.3% in Group B. Objectively, Shapiro-Wilk analysis indicated a statistically significant (p =0.014) change in the length of the left leg after treatment in Group A. A significant change in the length of both the right (p = 0.002) and left (p = 0.034) leg was found in Group B following assessment. Conclusion: The study showed that adjustment of the sacroiliac joint does not consistently result in change in functional leg length inequality. This information suggests that the assessment of functional leg length should not be used as the sole assessment tool in the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Practitioners should rather incorporate a variety of assessment methods as the inequality may be caused by factors unrelated to the dysfunction.
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The long term effects of chiropractic adjustment therapy on the activity and strength of the biceps brachii muscle
- Du Plessis, Louwrens Hermias
- Authors: Du Plessis, Louwrens Hermias
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Biceps brachii , Muscle strength , Arm - Muscles
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4559 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9908
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chiropractic adjustment therapy (CAT) to the cervical spine on the reflex motorneuron excitability of C5 and C6 nerves on the biceps brachii muscle bilaterally. This study was also aimed at measuring the subsequent increase in strength of the biceps brachii muscle. Method: A selection of 30 participants, male or female and between the ages of 18 and 40 were recruited. Participants had to meet all the inclusion criteria and present with no contra-indications. Only one group was used as each participant served as their own control. Participants were seen seven times over a period of three weeks. The measurements were taken during the 1st, 4th and 7th consultations. On the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th consultations only treatment was applied. On the 7th consultation only data was collected and no treatment was done. Results: Statistically significant improvement of dynamometry and electromyographic measurements were noted over the consultation periods on both sides. No conclusion could be made regarding the comparison of dynamometer and sEMG measurements of the biceps brachii between each consultation and between each side (left and right) over the study period. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this research it may be deduced that CAT may have an effect on the neurological system and further more an effect by increasing motorneuron excitability at sites distant to the spine itself. These results are important to the Chiropractic profession as it shows that CAT does not only produce a segmental response, but that there are wide spread effects on structures distant to the spinal column. The extent of the effects CAT can elicit on the nervous system requires further investigation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Du Plessis, Louwrens Hermias
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Biceps brachii , Muscle strength , Arm - Muscles
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4559 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9908
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chiropractic adjustment therapy (CAT) to the cervical spine on the reflex motorneuron excitability of C5 and C6 nerves on the biceps brachii muscle bilaterally. This study was also aimed at measuring the subsequent increase in strength of the biceps brachii muscle. Method: A selection of 30 participants, male or female and between the ages of 18 and 40 were recruited. Participants had to meet all the inclusion criteria and present with no contra-indications. Only one group was used as each participant served as their own control. Participants were seen seven times over a period of three weeks. The measurements were taken during the 1st, 4th and 7th consultations. On the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th consultations only treatment was applied. On the 7th consultation only data was collected and no treatment was done. Results: Statistically significant improvement of dynamometry and electromyographic measurements were noted over the consultation periods on both sides. No conclusion could be made regarding the comparison of dynamometer and sEMG measurements of the biceps brachii between each consultation and between each side (left and right) over the study period. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this research it may be deduced that CAT may have an effect on the neurological system and further more an effect by increasing motorneuron excitability at sites distant to the spine itself. These results are important to the Chiropractic profession as it shows that CAT does not only produce a segmental response, but that there are wide spread effects on structures distant to the spinal column. The extent of the effects CAT can elicit on the nervous system requires further investigation.
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A randomised clinical trial investigating the efficacy of the use of Brantingham Protocol versus Hallux Abducto Valgus night splint, in the treatment of painful Hallux Abducto Valgus
- Authors: Du Plessis, Morne Pieter
- Date: 2008-09-01T10:23:38Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Hallux valgus
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4392 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/973
- Description: Hallux Abducto Valgus (HAV) is a common cause of foot pain causing deformity and often disability. The female population is more frequently affected by HAV than the male population with the two main causative factors being congenital and inappropriate footwear. Surgery is the most prevalent treatment, but it does not take into consideration the biomechanical effects on the biomechanical chain and therefore the deformity frequently reoccurs and complications after surgery are many. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of the Brantingham protocol versus the HAV Night Splint in the treatment of painful HAV. Thirty participants were selected to participate in the study and certain criteria had to be met. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, Group 1 was treated using a chiropractic protocol. The Brantingham Protocol that consisted of mobilization and specific adjustment of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was used. Group 2 was treated by the use of a HAV Night Splint. Patients were treated over a 2-week period, twice a week with a 1-week follow up and a 1-month follow up. The lasting effect of the individual treatments was determined by the follow-up periods. Objective and subjective measurements were taken at each visit. Subjective measurements consisted of the McGill pain questionnaire (Melzack, 1975) (Appendix D), visual analogue scale (Masarsky and Todres-Masarsky, 2001) (Appendix B) and the foot function index pain scale (Saag et al., 1996) (Appendix C). Objective measurements consisted of passive Plantar and Dorsiflexion of the First metatarsophalangeal joint. The results indicated a statistical and numerical significance within and between each group both subjectively and objectively. Group 1 proved to be superior to Group 2 in the treatment of painful HAV. In conclusion, both the Brantingham Protocol and the HAV Night Splint proved to be effective in the treatment of painful HAV. However, Group 1 proved to be superior to Group 2 in the treatment of painful HAV. , Dr. Birdsey Mr. Zipfel
- Full Text:
- Authors: Du Plessis, Morne Pieter
- Date: 2008-09-01T10:23:38Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Hallux valgus
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4392 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/973
- Description: Hallux Abducto Valgus (HAV) is a common cause of foot pain causing deformity and often disability. The female population is more frequently affected by HAV than the male population with the two main causative factors being congenital and inappropriate footwear. Surgery is the most prevalent treatment, but it does not take into consideration the biomechanical effects on the biomechanical chain and therefore the deformity frequently reoccurs and complications after surgery are many. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of the Brantingham protocol versus the HAV Night Splint in the treatment of painful HAV. Thirty participants were selected to participate in the study and certain criteria had to be met. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, Group 1 was treated using a chiropractic protocol. The Brantingham Protocol that consisted of mobilization and specific adjustment of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was used. Group 2 was treated by the use of a HAV Night Splint. Patients were treated over a 2-week period, twice a week with a 1-week follow up and a 1-month follow up. The lasting effect of the individual treatments was determined by the follow-up periods. Objective and subjective measurements were taken at each visit. Subjective measurements consisted of the McGill pain questionnaire (Melzack, 1975) (Appendix D), visual analogue scale (Masarsky and Todres-Masarsky, 2001) (Appendix B) and the foot function index pain scale (Saag et al., 1996) (Appendix C). Objective measurements consisted of passive Plantar and Dorsiflexion of the First metatarsophalangeal joint. The results indicated a statistical and numerical significance within and between each group both subjectively and objectively. Group 1 proved to be superior to Group 2 in the treatment of painful HAV. In conclusion, both the Brantingham Protocol and the HAV Night Splint proved to be effective in the treatment of painful HAV. However, Group 1 proved to be superior to Group 2 in the treatment of painful HAV. , Dr. Birdsey Mr. Zipfel
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A case series describing the effect of lumbar manipulation on qEEG
- Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Authors: Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268590 , uj:28514
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing whether or not chiropractic manipulation delivered to lumbar spine motion restrictions have any recognisable effect on quantitative electroencephalogram readings. Method: A descriptive case series method was chosen for this study. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic day clinic. The study consisted of 10 participants with lumbar spine motion restrictions. The electroencephalogram was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and closed, before any lumbar manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, two measurements were taken, one while the participants’ eyes were open and one while the participants’ eyes were closed. The first measurement took place immediately after the manipulation, and the second measurement took place 30 minutes later. It was decided to simplify the quantitative electroencephalogram data to eyes open only, and the data was converted into mean values of the theta and beta brain waves. A change was described in the quantitative electroencephalogram readings following chiropractic manipulation for each individual participant, as well as during observation of the group average results. Results: After investigating the results, the brain waves showed distinct changes across all three lobes in all 10 participants. Typically there was either an increase or decrease immediately post manipulation. The majority of measurements across all lobes were higher than the initial baseline values 30 minutes post manipulation. Theta wave activity across the frontal and temporal lobes showed the same decrease-increase trend possibly due to the after-effect mechanism caused by lumbar manipulation. The largest increase in theta activity took place in the frontal lobe 30 minutes post manipulation. The most significant increase trend of the beta waves also took place in the frontal lobe, possibly due to the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the temporal and parietal association areas. The trends of these waves represent increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, leaving the participants in an attentive and vigilant state of information processing. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for activation of the executive function mechanism used to improve neurological function such as improved joint position sense, reaction time, cortical...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268590 , uj:28514
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing whether or not chiropractic manipulation delivered to lumbar spine motion restrictions have any recognisable effect on quantitative electroencephalogram readings. Method: A descriptive case series method was chosen for this study. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic day clinic. The study consisted of 10 participants with lumbar spine motion restrictions. The electroencephalogram was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and closed, before any lumbar manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, two measurements were taken, one while the participants’ eyes were open and one while the participants’ eyes were closed. The first measurement took place immediately after the manipulation, and the second measurement took place 30 minutes later. It was decided to simplify the quantitative electroencephalogram data to eyes open only, and the data was converted into mean values of the theta and beta brain waves. A change was described in the quantitative electroencephalogram readings following chiropractic manipulation for each individual participant, as well as during observation of the group average results. Results: After investigating the results, the brain waves showed distinct changes across all three lobes in all 10 participants. Typically there was either an increase or decrease immediately post manipulation. The majority of measurements across all lobes were higher than the initial baseline values 30 minutes post manipulation. Theta wave activity across the frontal and temporal lobes showed the same decrease-increase trend possibly due to the after-effect mechanism caused by lumbar manipulation. The largest increase in theta activity took place in the frontal lobe 30 minutes post manipulation. The most significant increase trend of the beta waves also took place in the frontal lobe, possibly due to the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the temporal and parietal association areas. The trends of these waves represent increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, leaving the participants in an attentive and vigilant state of information processing. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for activation of the executive function mechanism used to improve neurological function such as improved joint position sense, reaction time, cortical...
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Attitudes and beliefs of chiropractors towards the management of back pain: a cross-sectional study in Western Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Du Toit, Miné Mari
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/496323 , uj:45242
- Description: Abstract: Background: Chiropractors are commonly known as the primary care providers for patients with low back pain. In the past the main model for treatment used by health professionals was the biomedical model. However, it has been established that not only biological factors fully explains the cause of low back pain with associated disability, but psychological, social and organisational constructs should also be included in the management approach of low back pain. The biopsychosocial model is regarded as the best approach used by practitioners in the management of low back pain patients and is obtaining a wider recognition worldwide. Although there has been much research done regarding what conditions chiropractors come across in practice, there is very little research done with regards to the effects of the attitudes and beliefs of the practitioners regarding their treatment preference that may promote better outcomes and decrease the prevalence of associated disability of the patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and beliefs of South-African chiropractors, specifically from the Western Cape, with regards to their preference either of biomedical or biopsychosocial approach to the management of back pain. A secondary aim was to investigate whether the demographic variables had an effect on the preference of the practitioners approach to treatment. Method: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative and explorative study using QuestionPro with the help of the Statkon Department at the University of Johannesburg in the form of an online survey. The Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists questionnaire was used and distributed in March 2021 via email to all chiropractors registered with the Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa in the Western Cape. This tool was developed to determine the treatment orientation of practitioners with regards to their management approach of either biomedical or biopsychosocial with low back pain patients. The questionnaire also included demographic questions in order to determine if age, gender, educational institution and years of experience had an influence on the practitioners’ treatment preference... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Du Toit, Miné Mari
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/496323 , uj:45242
- Description: Abstract: Background: Chiropractors are commonly known as the primary care providers for patients with low back pain. In the past the main model for treatment used by health professionals was the biomedical model. However, it has been established that not only biological factors fully explains the cause of low back pain with associated disability, but psychological, social and organisational constructs should also be included in the management approach of low back pain. The biopsychosocial model is regarded as the best approach used by practitioners in the management of low back pain patients and is obtaining a wider recognition worldwide. Although there has been much research done regarding what conditions chiropractors come across in practice, there is very little research done with regards to the effects of the attitudes and beliefs of the practitioners regarding their treatment preference that may promote better outcomes and decrease the prevalence of associated disability of the patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and beliefs of South-African chiropractors, specifically from the Western Cape, with regards to their preference either of biomedical or biopsychosocial approach to the management of back pain. A secondary aim was to investigate whether the demographic variables had an effect on the preference of the practitioners approach to treatment. Method: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative and explorative study using QuestionPro with the help of the Statkon Department at the University of Johannesburg in the form of an online survey. The Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists questionnaire was used and distributed in March 2021 via email to all chiropractors registered with the Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa in the Western Cape. This tool was developed to determine the treatment orientation of practitioners with regards to their management approach of either biomedical or biopsychosocial with low back pain patients. The questionnaire also included demographic questions in order to determine if age, gender, educational institution and years of experience had an influence on the practitioners’ treatment preference... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The inferior angle of the scapula as a landmark to locate the seventh thoracic spinous process
- Authors: Else, Jeanette Mary
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Palpation , Spine - Anatomy , Seventh thoracic sinous process , Thoracic vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4763
- Description: M. Tech. , Although Chiropractors rely on palpation as a clinical tool, its reliability still remains to be proven (O‟Haire and Gibbons, 2000). Motion palpation is based on the assumption that Chiropractors‟ and other manual medicine practitioners‟ static palpation is performed correctly to identify bony anatomical landmarks (O‟Haire and Gibbons, 2000). The most common method taught to chiropractic students on the location of the seventh thoracic spinous process, is to place the patient‟s hand in the small of their back, forcing the inferior angle of the scapula to become more prominent. The horizontal line from the inferior angle of the scapula to the vertebral column is said to be on the seventh thoracic spinous process (T7). Therefore the scapula is a widely used anatomical landmark. One would therefore expect the literature to all be in agreement to the position of this line, but according to the literature consulted, it seems to vary. This study aimed to determine whether palpation of the inferior angle of the scapula was a reliable, accurate and/or a valid method of determining the location of the seventh thoracic spinous process. Sixty participants were marked by three examiners in the seated position, using the inferior angle of the scapula to locate the seventh thoracic spinous process. After being marked by all three examiners, measurements were then made on CT scan films as well as visual assessments by examiners to assess the location of the markers on the thoracic anatomy. The results demonstrated substantial inter-examiner reliability, and poor accuracy in locating the seventh thoracic spinous process. This is disappointing as the ability to palpate spinal levels is a basic skill and the cornerstone of Chiropractic assessment.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Else, Jeanette Mary
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Palpation , Spine - Anatomy , Seventh thoracic sinous process , Thoracic vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4763
- Description: M. Tech. , Although Chiropractors rely on palpation as a clinical tool, its reliability still remains to be proven (O‟Haire and Gibbons, 2000). Motion palpation is based on the assumption that Chiropractors‟ and other manual medicine practitioners‟ static palpation is performed correctly to identify bony anatomical landmarks (O‟Haire and Gibbons, 2000). The most common method taught to chiropractic students on the location of the seventh thoracic spinous process, is to place the patient‟s hand in the small of their back, forcing the inferior angle of the scapula to become more prominent. The horizontal line from the inferior angle of the scapula to the vertebral column is said to be on the seventh thoracic spinous process (T7). Therefore the scapula is a widely used anatomical landmark. One would therefore expect the literature to all be in agreement to the position of this line, but according to the literature consulted, it seems to vary. This study aimed to determine whether palpation of the inferior angle of the scapula was a reliable, accurate and/or a valid method of determining the location of the seventh thoracic spinous process. Sixty participants were marked by three examiners in the seated position, using the inferior angle of the scapula to locate the seventh thoracic spinous process. After being marked by all three examiners, measurements were then made on CT scan films as well as visual assessments by examiners to assess the location of the markers on the thoracic anatomy. The results demonstrated substantial inter-examiner reliability, and poor accuracy in locating the seventh thoracic spinous process. This is disappointing as the ability to palpate spinal levels is a basic skill and the cornerstone of Chiropractic assessment.
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The effectiveness of Kinesio® taping for post dry needling soreness on active quadratus lumborum muscles
- Authors: Ferreira, Gert
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Pain - Treatment , Acupuncture , Back - Muscles
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/84495 , uj:19229
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: Lower back pain is a common disorder that affects at least 60-80% of people sometime in their lives. Active or latent myofascial trigger points are also a major contributor towards the formation of lower back pain. Patients who receive myofascial dry needling may experience post needling soreness which lasts approximately three to four days after the treatment. Kinesio® tape is a modality which assists in improving the circulation of lymph drainage as well as improving circulation of blood by eliminating body fluid or bleeding under the skin by lifting the muscle. However the efficiency of Kinesio® tape for post dry needling soreness of the active quadratus lumborum muscle trigger point has not been shown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Kinesio® taping for post dry needling soreness of the active quadratus lumborum muscle trigger point. Method: This is a comparative study using convenient sampling and random allocation. Participants were recruited by advertising with posters that were placed strategically around the University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein campus and the Chiropractic Day Clinic (Appendix A). The research study was done at the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. Males and females with lower back pain, who met all the inclusion criteria, were considered to take part in this study. Forty male and female participants between the ages of 18 - 50 years old were recruited for this study. The participants were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was explained to the participants; the participants were divided up randomly into one of two groups by means of drawing a piece of paper with a number on from a box. The study consisted of 40 participants in total. Group 1 had 20 participants who represented the myofascial dry needling and heat therapy group, and group 2 had 20 participants who represented the myofascial dry needling and Kinesio® Tape group. Procedure: There were three treatment sessions, consisting of myofascial dry needling and either heat therapy or Kinesio® tape as a post dry needle intervention, the subjective and objective data were recorded at all four visits. The subjective measurement was based on the Visual Analogue Pain Scale and the Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire.... , M. Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Ferreira, Gert
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Pain - Treatment , Acupuncture , Back - Muscles
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/84495 , uj:19229
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: Lower back pain is a common disorder that affects at least 60-80% of people sometime in their lives. Active or latent myofascial trigger points are also a major contributor towards the formation of lower back pain. Patients who receive myofascial dry needling may experience post needling soreness which lasts approximately three to four days after the treatment. Kinesio® tape is a modality which assists in improving the circulation of lymph drainage as well as improving circulation of blood by eliminating body fluid or bleeding under the skin by lifting the muscle. However the efficiency of Kinesio® tape for post dry needling soreness of the active quadratus lumborum muscle trigger point has not been shown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Kinesio® taping for post dry needling soreness of the active quadratus lumborum muscle trigger point. Method: This is a comparative study using convenient sampling and random allocation. Participants were recruited by advertising with posters that were placed strategically around the University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein campus and the Chiropractic Day Clinic (Appendix A). The research study was done at the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. Males and females with lower back pain, who met all the inclusion criteria, were considered to take part in this study. Forty male and female participants between the ages of 18 - 50 years old were recruited for this study. The participants were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was explained to the participants; the participants were divided up randomly into one of two groups by means of drawing a piece of paper with a number on from a box. The study consisted of 40 participants in total. Group 1 had 20 participants who represented the myofascial dry needling and heat therapy group, and group 2 had 20 participants who represented the myofascial dry needling and Kinesio® Tape group. Procedure: There were three treatment sessions, consisting of myofascial dry needling and either heat therapy or Kinesio® tape as a post dry needle intervention, the subjective and objective data were recorded at all four visits. The subjective measurement was based on the Visual Analogue Pain Scale and the Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire.... , M. Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The immediate effect of an upper cervical adjustment on mental rotation ability in individuals with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction
- Authors: Finberg, Craig Jason
- Date: 2009-11-16T06:53:02Z
- Subjects: Cervical vertebrae - Abnormalities , Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3002
- Description: M.Tech. , It has been reported that the sympathetic nerve fibres coursing with the vertebral arteries may potentially be irritated by cervical pathology such as cervical dysfunction causing vasoconstriction of the vertebro-basilar arterial system leading to an ischaemic state in particular areas in the brain (Wingfield and Gorman, 2000). This arterial insufficiency to the brain has been shown to effect higher level complex brain functions (Terrett, 1995). The purpose of this research was to determine whether atlanto-occipital joint as well as atlanto-axial joint adjustments had an immediate effect on mental rotation ability in individuals with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction. Sixty male and female asymptomatic patients took part in this study. These patients were recruited by means of word of mouth and through the use of advertisements placed in the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic, Doornfontein Campus. Inclusion criteria required for patients to participate in the study included the patients (both male or female) be between the ages of 18 and 30 years, they presented with an asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction at the atlantooccipital and or atlanto-axial joints, not have had either Chiropractic or any other form of treatment to the cervical spine for at least six days prior to involvement in the study, had normal or corrected to normal vision and no contraindications to cervical adjustments. vi Objective data was collected by means of a mental rotation reaction time test installed on a laptop computer which measured the patients mental rotation reaction time ability in both accuracy and time to complete each test. The objective results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant increase in mental rotation ability following the Chiropractic adjustments. In conclusion, it was shown that Chiropractic adjustments performed on patients presenting with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction at the atlantooccipital and/or the atlanto-axial joint complexes brought about no improvement in mental rotation ability.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Finberg, Craig Jason
- Date: 2009-11-16T06:53:02Z
- Subjects: Cervical vertebrae - Abnormalities , Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3002
- Description: M.Tech. , It has been reported that the sympathetic nerve fibres coursing with the vertebral arteries may potentially be irritated by cervical pathology such as cervical dysfunction causing vasoconstriction of the vertebro-basilar arterial system leading to an ischaemic state in particular areas in the brain (Wingfield and Gorman, 2000). This arterial insufficiency to the brain has been shown to effect higher level complex brain functions (Terrett, 1995). The purpose of this research was to determine whether atlanto-occipital joint as well as atlanto-axial joint adjustments had an immediate effect on mental rotation ability in individuals with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction. Sixty male and female asymptomatic patients took part in this study. These patients were recruited by means of word of mouth and through the use of advertisements placed in the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic, Doornfontein Campus. Inclusion criteria required for patients to participate in the study included the patients (both male or female) be between the ages of 18 and 30 years, they presented with an asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction at the atlantooccipital and or atlanto-axial joints, not have had either Chiropractic or any other form of treatment to the cervical spine for at least six days prior to involvement in the study, had normal or corrected to normal vision and no contraindications to cervical adjustments. vi Objective data was collected by means of a mental rotation reaction time test installed on a laptop computer which measured the patients mental rotation reaction time ability in both accuracy and time to complete each test. The objective results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant increase in mental rotation ability following the Chiropractic adjustments. In conclusion, it was shown that Chiropractic adjustments performed on patients presenting with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction at the atlantooccipital and/or the atlanto-axial joint complexes brought about no improvement in mental rotation ability.
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The chiropractic management of carpal tunnel syndrome
- Authors: Germishuizen, Jenny-Lee
- Date: 2012-09-10
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Carpal Tunnel syndrome , Wrist manipulations , Ultrasound therapy , Transverse friction
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:9840 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7243
- Description: M.Tech. , This unblinded, controlled pilot study was undertaken to determine if wrist manipulations and mobilisations are valuable in the treatment of Carpal Tunnel syndrome in comparison to ultrasound therapy and transverse friction. Patients were treated at the Technikon Witwatersrand day clinic as well as at the Meyersdal Chiropractic Clinic, both situated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Thirty patients suffering from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome were selected for this study. Subjects were recruited using advertisements put up at the Technikon Witwatersrand campus as well as advertising in the local newspapers and a church newsletter. The patients were divided into two groups of fifteen. Group A received wrist manipulations and mobilisations and group B received ultrasound therapy and transverse friction. Patients were treated nine times over a three week period. Objective data was recorded using a Jamar grip strength dynamometer to test grip strength and two-point discrimination was measured using a vernier caliper. Subjective data was recorded using the Carpal Tunnel function disability form. Subjective and objective data was recorded on the first, sixth and ninth treatment. The results revealed that both group A and group B benefited from the treatment. However, group A had better results overall than group B. Both groups showed statistical significant differences in either the subjective or objective measurements. In conclusion it can be noted that chiropractic manipulations and mobilisations are effective in the management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Ultrasound therapy together with transverse friction was also effective in the management of this condition but not to the same degree as the chiropractic care.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Germishuizen, Jenny-Lee
- Date: 2012-09-10
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Carpal Tunnel syndrome , Wrist manipulations , Ultrasound therapy , Transverse friction
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:9840 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7243
- Description: M.Tech. , This unblinded, controlled pilot study was undertaken to determine if wrist manipulations and mobilisations are valuable in the treatment of Carpal Tunnel syndrome in comparison to ultrasound therapy and transverse friction. Patients were treated at the Technikon Witwatersrand day clinic as well as at the Meyersdal Chiropractic Clinic, both situated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Thirty patients suffering from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome were selected for this study. Subjects were recruited using advertisements put up at the Technikon Witwatersrand campus as well as advertising in the local newspapers and a church newsletter. The patients were divided into two groups of fifteen. Group A received wrist manipulations and mobilisations and group B received ultrasound therapy and transverse friction. Patients were treated nine times over a three week period. Objective data was recorded using a Jamar grip strength dynamometer to test grip strength and two-point discrimination was measured using a vernier caliper. Subjective data was recorded using the Carpal Tunnel function disability form. Subjective and objective data was recorded on the first, sixth and ninth treatment. The results revealed that both group A and group B benefited from the treatment. However, group A had better results overall than group B. Both groups showed statistical significant differences in either the subjective or objective measurements. In conclusion it can be noted that chiropractic manipulations and mobilisations are effective in the management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Ultrasound therapy together with transverse friction was also effective in the management of this condition but not to the same degree as the chiropractic care.
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The effects of sacroiliac manipulative therapy versus functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation on improving hamstring flexibility
- Authors: Gouws, Estelle
- Date: 2015-07-14
- Subjects: Hamstring muscle , Sacroiliac joint , Joints - Range of motion , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13725 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13991
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Background: In sporting activity, especially rugby, soccer, cricket and hockey, re-occurring hamstring injuries are a common sight that suggests that there is an opening for an improvement in the treatment and management of these injuries. This can be debilitating to any sportsman as it results in recurrent time away from his/her sporting activity. A study by Fyfer, Yelverton and Sher (2005), found that sacroiliac manipulation alone had a positive effect in the treatment of recurrent hamstring injuries. Cibuklka, Rose, Delitto and Sinacore (1986), proposed a possible link between hamstring muscle injuries and sacroiliac joint dysfunction. A study conducted by Donahue, Docherty and Schrader (2010), on the effects of Graston technique on pressure pain threshold, revealed a significant improvement in the patient’s pain threshold due to the fact that the instrument assisted technique effectively broke down scar tissue and correct fascial restrictions. The FAKTR approach to soft tissue dysfunction combines instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston Technique) with proprioceptive (functional) techniques to reduce pain and return to function (Hyde and Doerr, 2012). Objective: This blinded, randomised pilot study was done to investigate the effects of sacroiliac joint manipulative therapy versus functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation on hamstring flexibility in previously injured hamstring muscle. Design: The study consisted of 30 participants recruited from the University of Johannesburg by word of mouth and posters, which met the inclusion criteria. They were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received chiropractic therapy of the sacroiliac joint. Group 2 received functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation. Objective measurements consisted of digital inclinometer which measured the flexibility and range of motion of the hamstring muscle. The pressure algometry was used to measure pain pressure threshold. Procedure: Both group participants hamstring flexibility and ranges of motion were tested. Group 1 participants were motion palpated to determine sacroiliac joint dysfunction and treated with a high velocity, low amplitude trust to restricted segment, group 2 received functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation. Results: The statistical results should be viewed with regards that this study only represent a small group of thirty participants and therefore no assumption can be made with respect to whole population. The p-value was set at 0.05 and represents the level of significance of the results. If the p-value was less or equal to 0.05 (p≤0.05) there was a statistical significance finding. If the p-value is greater than 0.05 (p>0.05) vi there was no statistical finding. Statistical significance only means that a given result is unlikely to have occurred by chance. Analysis included demographic data analysis of age and gender. Objective data were collected using Digital Inclinometer and Pressure Algometry. Intra-group and inter-group analysis was done on straight leg raise, passive knee extension, hip extension, lateral rotation of the hip and medial rotation of the hip. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to determine normality. As normality could not be assumed, non-parametric testing were used to do intra-group analysis. The Non-parametric Friedman test was used to determine if a change occurred over time. As change did occur over time the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was use to determined where the change within each group occurred. The Mann-Whitney U test was also used to determine if any difference between the groups were present at any given time. At the end of the study both test groups showed significant clinical as well as statistical improvement over the three week course of the study. Conclusion: The FAKTR treatment did clinically have the greatest improvement, however the changes seen was not statistically superior to those seen with the sacroiliac joint manipulation treatment. A statistical significant improvement was seen in both treatment protocols, concluding that both the spinal manipulative therapy and the functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation could be proficient protocols in treating hamstring flexibility.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gouws, Estelle
- Date: 2015-07-14
- Subjects: Hamstring muscle , Sacroiliac joint , Joints - Range of motion , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13725 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13991
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Background: In sporting activity, especially rugby, soccer, cricket and hockey, re-occurring hamstring injuries are a common sight that suggests that there is an opening for an improvement in the treatment and management of these injuries. This can be debilitating to any sportsman as it results in recurrent time away from his/her sporting activity. A study by Fyfer, Yelverton and Sher (2005), found that sacroiliac manipulation alone had a positive effect in the treatment of recurrent hamstring injuries. Cibuklka, Rose, Delitto and Sinacore (1986), proposed a possible link between hamstring muscle injuries and sacroiliac joint dysfunction. A study conducted by Donahue, Docherty and Schrader (2010), on the effects of Graston technique on pressure pain threshold, revealed a significant improvement in the patient’s pain threshold due to the fact that the instrument assisted technique effectively broke down scar tissue and correct fascial restrictions. The FAKTR approach to soft tissue dysfunction combines instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston Technique) with proprioceptive (functional) techniques to reduce pain and return to function (Hyde and Doerr, 2012). Objective: This blinded, randomised pilot study was done to investigate the effects of sacroiliac joint manipulative therapy versus functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation on hamstring flexibility in previously injured hamstring muscle. Design: The study consisted of 30 participants recruited from the University of Johannesburg by word of mouth and posters, which met the inclusion criteria. They were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received chiropractic therapy of the sacroiliac joint. Group 2 received functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation. Objective measurements consisted of digital inclinometer which measured the flexibility and range of motion of the hamstring muscle. The pressure algometry was used to measure pain pressure threshold. Procedure: Both group participants hamstring flexibility and ranges of motion were tested. Group 1 participants were motion palpated to determine sacroiliac joint dysfunction and treated with a high velocity, low amplitude trust to restricted segment, group 2 received functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation. Results: The statistical results should be viewed with regards that this study only represent a small group of thirty participants and therefore no assumption can be made with respect to whole population. The p-value was set at 0.05 and represents the level of significance of the results. If the p-value was less or equal to 0.05 (p≤0.05) there was a statistical significance finding. If the p-value is greater than 0.05 (p>0.05) vi there was no statistical finding. Statistical significance only means that a given result is unlikely to have occurred by chance. Analysis included demographic data analysis of age and gender. Objective data were collected using Digital Inclinometer and Pressure Algometry. Intra-group and inter-group analysis was done on straight leg raise, passive knee extension, hip extension, lateral rotation of the hip and medial rotation of the hip. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to determine normality. As normality could not be assumed, non-parametric testing were used to do intra-group analysis. The Non-parametric Friedman test was used to determine if a change occurred over time. As change did occur over time the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was use to determined where the change within each group occurred. The Mann-Whitney U test was also used to determine if any difference between the groups were present at any given time. At the end of the study both test groups showed significant clinical as well as statistical improvement over the three week course of the study. Conclusion: The FAKTR treatment did clinically have the greatest improvement, however the changes seen was not statistically superior to those seen with the sacroiliac joint manipulation treatment. A statistical significant improvement was seen in both treatment protocols, concluding that both the spinal manipulative therapy and the functional and kinetic treatment with rehabilitation could be proficient protocols in treating hamstring flexibility.
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The effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy on erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscle endurance in the presence of leg length inequality
- Authors: Graham, Meagan
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Leg length inequality , Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58171 , uj:16426
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy has a quantifiable effect on the endurance times of the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscles in the initial presence of leg length inequality. Thirty participants were recruited, all of which were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five. Participants needed to present with a leg length inequality. Exclusion criteria included pathology of the joints of the extremities. All the participants had chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to restricted lumbar/sacroiliac joints. Participants received treatment twice weekly for three consecutive weeks (i.e. six treatments). On the seventh visit, in the fourth week, no treatment was administered. Objective measurements and subjective leg length inequality checks were performed at visits one and four, prior to treatment, and at visit seven. Objective data was obtained from the Biering-Sørensen test and quadratus lumborum endurance time. Subjective checks determined side of leg length inequality (i.e. short leg) using supine leg check. The group exhibited an increase in endurance times after administration of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy. Improvement occurred in the latter part of the data collection indicating a need for long-term treatment. The subgroup, that exhibited a correction to leg length, displayed a greater improvement in quadratus lumborum endurance than that of the group overall. This study has shown that chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy may be used as a form of treatment to increase muscle endurance times through reduction in muscle hypertonicity. It has also confirmed clinically that when there is a correction to leg length there is a greater improvement in trunk extensor endurance times. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Graham, Meagan
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Leg length inequality , Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58171 , uj:16426
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy has a quantifiable effect on the endurance times of the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscles in the initial presence of leg length inequality. Thirty participants were recruited, all of which were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five. Participants needed to present with a leg length inequality. Exclusion criteria included pathology of the joints of the extremities. All the participants had chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to restricted lumbar/sacroiliac joints. Participants received treatment twice weekly for three consecutive weeks (i.e. six treatments). On the seventh visit, in the fourth week, no treatment was administered. Objective measurements and subjective leg length inequality checks were performed at visits one and four, prior to treatment, and at visit seven. Objective data was obtained from the Biering-Sørensen test and quadratus lumborum endurance time. Subjective checks determined side of leg length inequality (i.e. short leg) using supine leg check. The group exhibited an increase in endurance times after administration of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy. Improvement occurred in the latter part of the data collection indicating a need for long-term treatment. The subgroup, that exhibited a correction to leg length, displayed a greater improvement in quadratus lumborum endurance than that of the group overall. This study has shown that chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy may be used as a form of treatment to increase muscle endurance times through reduction in muscle hypertonicity. It has also confirmed clinically that when there is a correction to leg length there is a greater improvement in trunk extensor endurance times. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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Patella mobilization and manipulation in patellofemoral pain syndrome
- Authors: Grové, Constant
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Patellofemoral joint , Chiropractic , Pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246806 , uj:25604
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this research study was to determine the efficacy of knee mobilisation and manipulation as treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome and quadriceps muscle strength. Method: The study was an exploratory study that utilised a single group with one intervention protocol. Procedure: The study made use of 30 participants whom were all placed in a single intervention group. The participants we all symptomatic, presenting with anterior knee pain. Each participant was required to return for seven visits, where they received six treatments for their condition. At visit one, four and seven, strength readings were taken using a push/pull dynamometer and pain and disability was measured by the completion of the Kujala pain questionnaire. All data was recorded by the researcher and analysed by Statkon. Results: The results indicated that there is a decrease in patient reported pain and disability between visit one and visit four as well as between visit four and visit seven when readings were taken. The study also showed that there was an increase in quadriceps muscle strength between visit one and visit four as well as between visit four and visit seven when readings were taken. Conclusion: The conclusion is that knee joint mobilisation and manipulation is an effective protocol for the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome and for increasing quadriceps muscle strength.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Grové, Constant
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Patellofemoral joint , Chiropractic , Pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246806 , uj:25604
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this research study was to determine the efficacy of knee mobilisation and manipulation as treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome and quadriceps muscle strength. Method: The study was an exploratory study that utilised a single group with one intervention protocol. Procedure: The study made use of 30 participants whom were all placed in a single intervention group. The participants we all symptomatic, presenting with anterior knee pain. Each participant was required to return for seven visits, where they received six treatments for their condition. At visit one, four and seven, strength readings were taken using a push/pull dynamometer and pain and disability was measured by the completion of the Kujala pain questionnaire. All data was recorded by the researcher and analysed by Statkon. Results: The results indicated that there is a decrease in patient reported pain and disability between visit one and visit four as well as between visit four and visit seven when readings were taken. The study also showed that there was an increase in quadriceps muscle strength between visit one and visit four as well as between visit four and visit seven when readings were taken. Conclusion: The conclusion is that knee joint mobilisation and manipulation is an effective protocol for the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome and for increasing quadriceps muscle strength.
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South African chiropractic website claims related to diagnosis and treatment of non-musculoskeletal conditions : a cross-sectional study
- Authors: Havemann, Damian Deacon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/476486 , uj:43021
- Description: Abstract: Background: There has been an increasing shift from print to online publication of healthcare information with the advancement of the 4th industrial revolution. Whilst legislation has been released regarding the scope of practice (Allied Health Professions Act 63 of 1982) and ethics with regards to advertising online (2015 Code of Ethics, Including Guidelines for Good Practice and Guidelines for Making Professional Services Known), the monitoring of internet platforms is not mandated. This has allowed for unregulated and misinformed advertising practices amongst practitioners regarding website claims. There has been no research completed on the nature and compliance of South African chiropractic website claims, referencing or relating to the frequency of non-musculoskeletal conditions with respect to the chiropractic scope of practice in South Africa... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Havemann, Damian Deacon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/476486 , uj:43021
- Description: Abstract: Background: There has been an increasing shift from print to online publication of healthcare information with the advancement of the 4th industrial revolution. Whilst legislation has been released regarding the scope of practice (Allied Health Professions Act 63 of 1982) and ethics with regards to advertising online (2015 Code of Ethics, Including Guidelines for Good Practice and Guidelines for Making Professional Services Known), the monitoring of internet platforms is not mandated. This has allowed for unregulated and misinformed advertising practices amongst practitioners regarding website claims. There has been no research completed on the nature and compliance of South African chiropractic website claims, referencing or relating to the frequency of non-musculoskeletal conditions with respect to the chiropractic scope of practice in South Africa... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effects of chiropractic mobilisation and oral administration of Seatone in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
- Authors: Hawkings, Tanith
- Date: 2012-08-28
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Osteoarthritis - Chiropractic treatment , Seatone
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3286 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6691
- Description: M.Tech. , Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and severely disabling disease (I). Chiropractic mobilisation functions well to improve mobility, relieve pain and promote healing (2). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for the treatment of OA. Their role in OA, however, is not clearly understood (3). Adverse side effects and the cost of NSAIDs also remain a problem (4). Seatone is a health supplement that has therapeutic properties that provides symptomatic relief of OA by means of its anti-inflammatory action (5,6). Seatone produces a slow, but progressive relief from pain and stiffness and improves quality of life (7' 8). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Seatone on the treatment of OA. This was achieved by comparing Chiropractic mobilisation (in preference to Chiropractic manipulation) in conjunction with oral administration of Seatone to Chiropractic mobilisation or oral administration of Seatone alone, by means of subjective and objective measurements. The study required forty-five subjects, above the age of thirty-eight years, suffering from OA of the knee joint, according to the classification criteria (Appendix A). The subjects were screened according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria and all the relevant forms, questionnaires and clinical examinations were completed. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Treatment was conducted over a period of eight weeks. Objective or goniometer readings and subjective measurements were done prior to and following treatment to determine the effect of the therapies. The subjective measurements were taken from the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The Cincinnati Knee Rating System, a comprehensive knee questionnaire, was completed at the initial and final consultation. A combined treatment of Chiropractic mobilisation and oral administration of Seatone or oral administration of Seatone alone showed a greater mean improvement than Chiropractic mobilisation alone, in mobility. There was no significant difference in the assessment of pain between the three groups. However, results show that Seatone has a positive effect in the treatment of OA of the knee, for improving mobility.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hawkings, Tanith
- Date: 2012-08-28
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Osteoarthritis - Chiropractic treatment , Seatone
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3286 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6691
- Description: M.Tech. , Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and severely disabling disease (I). Chiropractic mobilisation functions well to improve mobility, relieve pain and promote healing (2). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for the treatment of OA. Their role in OA, however, is not clearly understood (3). Adverse side effects and the cost of NSAIDs also remain a problem (4). Seatone is a health supplement that has therapeutic properties that provides symptomatic relief of OA by means of its anti-inflammatory action (5,6). Seatone produces a slow, but progressive relief from pain and stiffness and improves quality of life (7' 8). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Seatone on the treatment of OA. This was achieved by comparing Chiropractic mobilisation (in preference to Chiropractic manipulation) in conjunction with oral administration of Seatone to Chiropractic mobilisation or oral administration of Seatone alone, by means of subjective and objective measurements. The study required forty-five subjects, above the age of thirty-eight years, suffering from OA of the knee joint, according to the classification criteria (Appendix A). The subjects were screened according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria and all the relevant forms, questionnaires and clinical examinations were completed. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Treatment was conducted over a period of eight weeks. Objective or goniometer readings and subjective measurements were done prior to and following treatment to determine the effect of the therapies. The subjective measurements were taken from the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The Cincinnati Knee Rating System, a comprehensive knee questionnaire, was completed at the initial and final consultation. A combined treatment of Chiropractic mobilisation and oral administration of Seatone or oral administration of Seatone alone showed a greater mean improvement than Chiropractic mobilisation alone, in mobility. There was no significant difference in the assessment of pain between the three groups. However, results show that Seatone has a positive effect in the treatment of OA of the knee, for improving mobility.
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The effect of the chiropractic adjustment with a strengthening protocol compared to chiropractic adjustment or a strengthening protocol alone
- Authors: Haywood, Craig Michael
- Date: 2009-11-16T06:27:58Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment - Physiological aspects
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/377459 , uj:8641 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2999
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether adjustment of the cervico-thoracic motion segment in individuals with altered or decreased motion at that segment, in conjunction with a strengthening protocol, had a greater increase in triceps brachii muscle strength compared to a strengthening protocol or chiropractic adjustment alone. By reducing the negative neural and other effects caused by aberrant movement between vertebra, chiropractic adjustment could allow the body’s muscle physiology to function at its best, thereby allowing it to adapt to changes more readily. DESIGN: Thirty subjects participated in this study. The subjects were randomly and without being aware of it, assigned to one of three groups. The only requirement for inclusion in the research was a restriction of the seventh cervical vertebra based on motion and static palpation. Patients in two of the groups were asked to perform tricep brachii muscle strengthening exercises and patients from two of the groups received chiropractic adjustment to the cervico-thoracic motion segment. Patients were seen a total of three times over a period of two weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Triceps brachii muscle strength testing was performed using an isometric dynamometer. Three pre-treatment readings and three post-treatment readings were performed, with one-minute intervals, on all the subjects. This was done to determine if there was a change before or after treatment and if there was a long-term effect. CONCLUSION: Although measurements were taken on each visit before and after each treatment, there was only a statistically significant difference in triceps brachii muscle strength between the experimental and the other two groups before treatment on the third visit. This does however; suggest that there was a favourable result and that a combination of treatments does indeed produce better results than one of the other treatments alone.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Haywood, Craig Michael
- Date: 2009-11-16T06:27:58Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment - Physiological aspects
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/377459 , uj:8641 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2999
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether adjustment of the cervico-thoracic motion segment in individuals with altered or decreased motion at that segment, in conjunction with a strengthening protocol, had a greater increase in triceps brachii muscle strength compared to a strengthening protocol or chiropractic adjustment alone. By reducing the negative neural and other effects caused by aberrant movement between vertebra, chiropractic adjustment could allow the body’s muscle physiology to function at its best, thereby allowing it to adapt to changes more readily. DESIGN: Thirty subjects participated in this study. The subjects were randomly and without being aware of it, assigned to one of three groups. The only requirement for inclusion in the research was a restriction of the seventh cervical vertebra based on motion and static palpation. Patients in two of the groups were asked to perform tricep brachii muscle strengthening exercises and patients from two of the groups received chiropractic adjustment to the cervico-thoracic motion segment. Patients were seen a total of three times over a period of two weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Triceps brachii muscle strength testing was performed using an isometric dynamometer. Three pre-treatment readings and three post-treatment readings were performed, with one-minute intervals, on all the subjects. This was done to determine if there was a change before or after treatment and if there was a long-term effect. CONCLUSION: Although measurements were taken on each visit before and after each treatment, there was only a statistically significant difference in triceps brachii muscle strength between the experimental and the other two groups before treatment on the third visit. This does however; suggest that there was a favourable result and that a combination of treatments does indeed produce better results than one of the other treatments alone.
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Analysis of fractures and dislocations caused by chiropractors in South Africa
- Authors: Hendrikz, Kimon
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Fractures , Dislocations , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/227172 , uj:22985 , Citation: Hendrikz, K. 2016. Analysis of fractures and dislocations caused by chiropractors in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study was to perform a retrospective analysis of fractures and dislocations caused by chiropractors in South Africa. Method: An online survey was distributed to the Allied Health Profession Council of South Africa's database, inviting all registered chiropractors to partake in the survey by use of an email. The participants received an information letter, which explained the anonymity and confidentiality, as well as the fact that their participation were voluntary. Participant's consent was automatically recorded by clicking on the link to the survey. The survey consisted of three sections involving the chiropractor demographics, detail regarding the fracture or dislocation and patient information. Once the survey was completed, participants submitted the survey and results were analyzed by the University of Johannesburg's statistics program (STATKON). Results: The retrospective analysis revealed that South African chiropractors had caused fractures and dislocations. The percentage of chiropractors who had caused a fracture or dislocation was 14% (18 participants) and resulted in full recovery in all case reports. This indicates that the extent of injury was minor and did not cause long term complication. More specifically, 1 fracture occurred in the treatment of every 1382 patients. With regards to dislocations, 1 dislocation occurred in every 8639 patients treated. 95.5% of fractures were found along the ribs. Fractures were caused by spinal manipulative therapy and dislocations were caused by mobilization techniques. Taking note that 80% of the patients had osteoporosis. Also, the majority of patients were over the age of 50 (79.2%). Clinical signs and symptoms were used as diagnostic method by 14 participants (60.9%). Conclusion: The chiropractic profession should take these findings into consideration when presented with similar cases. Altering the force used during posterior to anterior thoracic manipulation and lumbar side posture manipulation in patients over 50 or rather using mobilizations in such cases, might decrease the risk of fractures and dislocations occurring in the future. The location of fractures and dislocations mainly occurred at the ribs. Therefore, care should be taken when manipulating or...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hendrikz, Kimon
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Fractures , Dislocations , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/227172 , uj:22985 , Citation: Hendrikz, K. 2016. Analysis of fractures and dislocations caused by chiropractors in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study was to perform a retrospective analysis of fractures and dislocations caused by chiropractors in South Africa. Method: An online survey was distributed to the Allied Health Profession Council of South Africa's database, inviting all registered chiropractors to partake in the survey by use of an email. The participants received an information letter, which explained the anonymity and confidentiality, as well as the fact that their participation were voluntary. Participant's consent was automatically recorded by clicking on the link to the survey. The survey consisted of three sections involving the chiropractor demographics, detail regarding the fracture or dislocation and patient information. Once the survey was completed, participants submitted the survey and results were analyzed by the University of Johannesburg's statistics program (STATKON). Results: The retrospective analysis revealed that South African chiropractors had caused fractures and dislocations. The percentage of chiropractors who had caused a fracture or dislocation was 14% (18 participants) and resulted in full recovery in all case reports. This indicates that the extent of injury was minor and did not cause long term complication. More specifically, 1 fracture occurred in the treatment of every 1382 patients. With regards to dislocations, 1 dislocation occurred in every 8639 patients treated. 95.5% of fractures were found along the ribs. Fractures were caused by spinal manipulative therapy and dislocations were caused by mobilization techniques. Taking note that 80% of the patients had osteoporosis. Also, the majority of patients were over the age of 50 (79.2%). Clinical signs and symptoms were used as diagnostic method by 14 participants (60.9%). Conclusion: The chiropractic profession should take these findings into consideration when presented with similar cases. Altering the force used during posterior to anterior thoracic manipulation and lumbar side posture manipulation in patients over 50 or rather using mobilizations in such cases, might decrease the risk of fractures and dislocations occurring in the future. The location of fractures and dislocations mainly occurred at the ribs. Therefore, care should be taken when manipulating or...
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The effect of high heeled shoes on anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis
- Authors: Hurter, Craig Paul
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Women's shoes , Pelvis , Posture , Spine - Abnormalities , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58555 , uj:16462
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Hurter, Craig Paul
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Women's shoes , Pelvis , Posture , Spine - Abnormalities , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58555 , uj:16462
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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Investigating the presence of an intra-articular gas bubble after an adjustment
- Authors: Jones, Allan Ray
- Date: 2012-06-07
- Subjects: Physical therapy , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8677 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5032
- Description: M.Tech. , This study aims to, using diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound, investigate the presence of intra-articular gas bubbles in the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint cavity in the absence of an axial distractive load, after a high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) Chiropractic adjustment and assess the state of the gas bubble after a 20 minute refractory period. Using plain film radiography, several authors, (Roston and Wheeler Haines, 1947, Semlak and Ferguson, 1970, Unsworth, Dowson and Wright, 1971 and Watson, Kernohan and Mollan, 1989) have consistently demonstrated the presence of an intra-articular radiolucent space in an MCP joint after cavitation. The MCP joint was always manipulated with an axial distractive load. The singular radiolucent cavity was shown to be visible only if an axial distractive force was acting across the joint at the time of the post-manipulation radiograph. Cramer, Tuck, Todd Knudsen, Fonda, Schliesser, Fournier and Patel, (2000), have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate a significant increase in the lumbar zygapophyseal joint spaces (0,7 mm) after an adjustment versus the control group (0,0 mm increase). The observed increase in joint space was the primary aim of their research and no reference is made to the presence of an intra-articular gas bubble or any apparent changes in joint space density on post-adjustment MRI scans. They attribute this increase in joint space to breaking of intra-articular adhesions. Using computed tomography (CT) and Radiography, Cascioli, Corr and Till, (2002), reported that no gas bubbles were visualised in the cervical facet joints after an adjustment, with and without traction. This study consisted of 18 participants between the ages of 21 and 26. A pertinent physical examination and a regional examination of the forearm hand and wrist were conducted to ensure no significant pathologies would exclude them from the study. The TMC articular cavity was scanned by an experienced musculoskeletal ultrasonographer at three intervals: pre-adjustment, directly post-adjustment, and at 20 minutes post- adjustment. The ultrasonograms were saved as digital copies for subsequent reports which were correlated with reports compiled during dynamic visualisation of the articular cavity at the time of scanning. The TMC joint was scanned in a physiological position i.e. there was no axial distractive load acting across the joint during any of the three scans.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Jones, Allan Ray
- Date: 2012-06-07
- Subjects: Physical therapy , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8677 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5032
- Description: M.Tech. , This study aims to, using diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound, investigate the presence of intra-articular gas bubbles in the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint cavity in the absence of an axial distractive load, after a high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) Chiropractic adjustment and assess the state of the gas bubble after a 20 minute refractory period. Using plain film radiography, several authors, (Roston and Wheeler Haines, 1947, Semlak and Ferguson, 1970, Unsworth, Dowson and Wright, 1971 and Watson, Kernohan and Mollan, 1989) have consistently demonstrated the presence of an intra-articular radiolucent space in an MCP joint after cavitation. The MCP joint was always manipulated with an axial distractive load. The singular radiolucent cavity was shown to be visible only if an axial distractive force was acting across the joint at the time of the post-manipulation radiograph. Cramer, Tuck, Todd Knudsen, Fonda, Schliesser, Fournier and Patel, (2000), have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate a significant increase in the lumbar zygapophyseal joint spaces (0,7 mm) after an adjustment versus the control group (0,0 mm increase). The observed increase in joint space was the primary aim of their research and no reference is made to the presence of an intra-articular gas bubble or any apparent changes in joint space density on post-adjustment MRI scans. They attribute this increase in joint space to breaking of intra-articular adhesions. Using computed tomography (CT) and Radiography, Cascioli, Corr and Till, (2002), reported that no gas bubbles were visualised in the cervical facet joints after an adjustment, with and without traction. This study consisted of 18 participants between the ages of 21 and 26. A pertinent physical examination and a regional examination of the forearm hand and wrist were conducted to ensure no significant pathologies would exclude them from the study. The TMC articular cavity was scanned by an experienced musculoskeletal ultrasonographer at three intervals: pre-adjustment, directly post-adjustment, and at 20 minutes post- adjustment. The ultrasonograms were saved as digital copies for subsequent reports which were correlated with reports compiled during dynamic visualisation of the articular cavity at the time of scanning. The TMC joint was scanned in a physiological position i.e. there was no axial distractive load acting across the joint during any of the three scans.
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A comparison of the effects of ultrasound interferential current therapy versus a combination of lumbar spine chiropractic adjustments and ultrasound interferential current therapy in the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome
- Authors: Kaye-Eddie, Cheri
- Date: 2014-06-19
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Chiropractic adjustments , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11546 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11253
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
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- Authors: Kaye-Eddie, Cheri
- Date: 2014-06-19
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Chiropractic adjustments , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11546 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11253
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
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