Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M Hcl using synthesized eco-friendly polymer composites
- Authors: ‘Mofu, Ts’oeunyane George
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Corrosion resistant materials , Nanostructured materials , Stainless steel - Corrosion , Corrosion and anti-corrosives
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/269731 , uj:28658
- Description: M.Tech. (Metallurgy) , Abstract: In this work, two polymer composites namely PBSLP and PBSLH were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, XRD, SEM, CHNS and TGA. The results revealed that the formed polymer composite were graft polymer composites. The two synthesized polymer composites were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for MS in 1 M HCl. The corrosion inhibition characteristics including, corrosion rate, corrosion inhibition efficiency, and inhibitor adsorption to the metal surface were studied with gravimetric and electrochemical studies. The gravimetric studies revealed that adsorption of the polymer composites to the MS surface were both physisorption and chemisorption although physisorption appeared to be the more dominant process. Moreover, both polymer composites obeyed Langmuir isotherm. Electrochemical studies were also used to characterize that inhibitory mechanism of the said polymer composites. PDP, specifically Tafel plot and VASP with used to determine the corrosion parameters while EIS was employed to determine the charge transfer characteristics during corrosion. The results indicated that PBSLP and PBSLH are both mixed type corrosion inhibitors with cathodic reaction being the most affected reaction. In addition, the charge transfer resistance during corrosion increased with the increase in concentration of inhibitors. SEM was also used to examine the morphology of MS coupons before and after exposure to corrosive, the results revealed that PBSLP and PBSLH reduce corrosion of MS by forming a film on MS surface.
- Full Text:
- Authors: ‘Mofu, Ts’oeunyane George
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Corrosion resistant materials , Nanostructured materials , Stainless steel - Corrosion , Corrosion and anti-corrosives
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/269731 , uj:28658
- Description: M.Tech. (Metallurgy) , Abstract: In this work, two polymer composites namely PBSLP and PBSLH were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, XRD, SEM, CHNS and TGA. The results revealed that the formed polymer composite were graft polymer composites. The two synthesized polymer composites were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for MS in 1 M HCl. The corrosion inhibition characteristics including, corrosion rate, corrosion inhibition efficiency, and inhibitor adsorption to the metal surface were studied with gravimetric and electrochemical studies. The gravimetric studies revealed that adsorption of the polymer composites to the MS surface were both physisorption and chemisorption although physisorption appeared to be the more dominant process. Moreover, both polymer composites obeyed Langmuir isotherm. Electrochemical studies were also used to characterize that inhibitory mechanism of the said polymer composites. PDP, specifically Tafel plot and VASP with used to determine the corrosion parameters while EIS was employed to determine the charge transfer characteristics during corrosion. The results indicated that PBSLP and PBSLH are both mixed type corrosion inhibitors with cathodic reaction being the most affected reaction. In addition, the charge transfer resistance during corrosion increased with the increase in concentration of inhibitors. SEM was also used to examine the morphology of MS coupons before and after exposure to corrosive, the results revealed that PBSLP and PBSLH reduce corrosion of MS by forming a film on MS surface.
- Full Text:
COVID-19 Pandemic: Stock Markets Situation in European Ex-Communist Countries
- Żebrowska-Suchodolska, Dorota, Karpio, Andrzej, Kompa, Krzysztof
- Authors: Żebrowska-Suchodolska, Dorota , Karpio, Andrzej , Kompa, Krzysztof
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Stock index , Market situation , Regression
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/487048 , uj:44322 , Citation: Żebrowska-Suchodolska, D., Karpio, A. & Kompa, K.. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic: Stock Markets Situation in European Ex-Communist Countries. EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL. XXIV. 1106-1128. 10.35808/ersj/2408.
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the capital markets of post-communist economies and, whether these markets are reacting in the same way. The research concerns indices of stock exchanges in Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania, Estonia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Methodology: The investigation covers the period from 30 SEP 2019 to 31 DEC 2020 divided into three sub-periods - pre-pandemic, pandemic shock, and pandemic stabilization. A trend analysis of the indices studied and a volatility analysis of the returns of the indices were conducted. Econometric trend models and GARCH-class models were applied. Findings: As a main finding it can be concluded that the capital markets of the post-communist economies responded to the pandemic in an analogous way, as well as that the scale and level of development of stock markets does not affect their response to the pandemic and stock market prosperity during the pandemic period. Practical Implications: The work focuses on the analysis of major stock market indices in countries with very different levels of capital market development. The course of the pandemic varies from country to country in terms of freezing the economy. As a consequence, it allows answering the fundamental question from the economic point of view: To what extent does a crisis of a non-economic nature affect the stock exchange situation in countries at the stage of capital market development? Originality/Value: The analysis of the level of capital markets development in post-communist countries has been the subject of many works, including by authors. However, the emergence of a pandemic creates a unique (hopefully) opportunity for research under extreme conditions such as the pandemic. As a consequence, information is obtained about the economic resilience, or lack thereof, of post-communist countries to crisis situations of a non-economic nature.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Żebrowska-Suchodolska, Dorota , Karpio, Andrzej , Kompa, Krzysztof
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Stock index , Market situation , Regression
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/487048 , uj:44322 , Citation: Żebrowska-Suchodolska, D., Karpio, A. & Kompa, K.. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic: Stock Markets Situation in European Ex-Communist Countries. EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL. XXIV. 1106-1128. 10.35808/ersj/2408.
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the capital markets of post-communist economies and, whether these markets are reacting in the same way. The research concerns indices of stock exchanges in Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania, Estonia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Methodology: The investigation covers the period from 30 SEP 2019 to 31 DEC 2020 divided into three sub-periods - pre-pandemic, pandemic shock, and pandemic stabilization. A trend analysis of the indices studied and a volatility analysis of the returns of the indices were conducted. Econometric trend models and GARCH-class models were applied. Findings: As a main finding it can be concluded that the capital markets of the post-communist economies responded to the pandemic in an analogous way, as well as that the scale and level of development of stock markets does not affect their response to the pandemic and stock market prosperity during the pandemic period. Practical Implications: The work focuses on the analysis of major stock market indices in countries with very different levels of capital market development. The course of the pandemic varies from country to country in terms of freezing the economy. As a consequence, it allows answering the fundamental question from the economic point of view: To what extent does a crisis of a non-economic nature affect the stock exchange situation in countries at the stage of capital market development? Originality/Value: The analysis of the level of capital markets development in post-communist countries has been the subject of many works, including by authors. However, the emergence of a pandemic creates a unique (hopefully) opportunity for research under extreme conditions such as the pandemic. As a consequence, information is obtained about the economic resilience, or lack thereof, of post-communist countries to crisis situations of a non-economic nature.
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How do family supportive supervisors affect nurses’ thriving: A research before and during COVID-19 pandemic
- Şahin, Safiye, Adegbite, Waliu Mulero, Şen, Hanife Tiryaki
- Authors: Şahin, Safiye , Adegbite, Waliu Mulero , Şen, Hanife Tiryaki
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Family supportive supervisor behaviors , Work-to-family conflict , Psychological well-being
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489571 , uj:44643 , Citation: Şahin, S., Adegbite, W.M. and Şen, H.T., 2021. How do family supportive supervisors affect nurses' thriving: A research before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(6), pp.602-609.
- Description: Abstract: Nurses need psychological resources (supervisor support), as well as formal support from their organizations, which help them combat the demands from work and home and be more thrive at work. Family supportive supervisor behaviors have been demonstrated above and beyond general levels of supervisor support in reducing work–family conflict and improving well-being. In line with this, first aim is to examine the effects of Covid-19 pandemic on nurses’ perceived family supportive supervisor behaviors, work-to-family conflict, psychological well-being, and thriving. Second the aim of this study is to test the effects of nurses’ perceived family supportive supervisor behaviors on their thriving through work-to-family conflict and psychological well-being. The study was designed as cross-sectional and analytical. A total of 511 nurses from Nigeria and Turkey participated in the study. Parametric tests and Structural Equation Analysis were employed to analyze the data. The scores of nurses’ perceived family supportive supervisor behaviors and thriving decreased during Covid-19 pandemic, while the scores of their work-to-family conflict increased significantly. Results confirmed the negative effects of Covid-19 pandemic on nurses. Furthermore, results showed that family supportive supervisor behaviors had positive effects on thriving by decreasing work-to-family conflict and increasing psychological well-being. This study is one of the very first study examining the effects of family supportive supervisor behaviors on nurses’ work-to-family conflict, psychological well-being and thriving. Results of this study indicate that nurses need family supportive supervisors to be more thrive at work. Therefore, formal family friendly policies and implications improving family supportive supervisor behaviors are recommended in organizations.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Şahin, Safiye , Adegbite, Waliu Mulero , Şen, Hanife Tiryaki
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Family supportive supervisor behaviors , Work-to-family conflict , Psychological well-being
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489571 , uj:44643 , Citation: Şahin, S., Adegbite, W.M. and Şen, H.T., 2021. How do family supportive supervisors affect nurses' thriving: A research before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(6), pp.602-609.
- Description: Abstract: Nurses need psychological resources (supervisor support), as well as formal support from their organizations, which help them combat the demands from work and home and be more thrive at work. Family supportive supervisor behaviors have been demonstrated above and beyond general levels of supervisor support in reducing work–family conflict and improving well-being. In line with this, first aim is to examine the effects of Covid-19 pandemic on nurses’ perceived family supportive supervisor behaviors, work-to-family conflict, psychological well-being, and thriving. Second the aim of this study is to test the effects of nurses’ perceived family supportive supervisor behaviors on their thriving through work-to-family conflict and psychological well-being. The study was designed as cross-sectional and analytical. A total of 511 nurses from Nigeria and Turkey participated in the study. Parametric tests and Structural Equation Analysis were employed to analyze the data. The scores of nurses’ perceived family supportive supervisor behaviors and thriving decreased during Covid-19 pandemic, while the scores of their work-to-family conflict increased significantly. Results confirmed the negative effects of Covid-19 pandemic on nurses. Furthermore, results showed that family supportive supervisor behaviors had positive effects on thriving by decreasing work-to-family conflict and increasing psychological well-being. This study is one of the very first study examining the effects of family supportive supervisor behaviors on nurses’ work-to-family conflict, psychological well-being and thriving. Results of this study indicate that nurses need family supportive supervisors to be more thrive at work. Therefore, formal family friendly policies and implications improving family supportive supervisor behaviors are recommended in organizations.
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Positive interaction between work and home, and psychological availability on women’s work engagemen t: a ‘shortitudinal’ study
- Łaba, Karolina, Geldenhuys, Madelyn
- Authors: Łaba, Karolina , Geldenhuys, Madelyn
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/278401 , uj:29874 , Citation: Łaba, K., & Geldenhuys, M. (2018). Positive interaction between work and home, and psychological availability on women’s work engagement: A ‘shortitudinal’ study. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 44(0), a1538. https://doi.org/ 10.4102/sajip.v44i0.1538 , ISSN: (Online) 2071-0763
- Description: Abstract: Orientation: Women’s work engagement is affected by how well they balance their work and personal life, and their level of confidence in their capability at work. Research purpose: Determine whether women’s daily psychological availability mediates daily positive work-home interaction and daily positive home-work interaction on daily work engagement. Motivation for the study: Research into negative work–home and home–work interaction is in abundance. Limited studies focus on the positive effects on women’s experiences at work (i.e. work engagement). Little is known about women’s psychological availability and how it affects their work. Furthermore, little research provides us insights into the day-level experiences of women at work. Research approach/design and method: A quantitative, shortitudinal design was used. Data analyses accounted for multilevel structure in the data (within-person vs. between-person differences). Female employees (n = 60) from various industries in Gauteng, completed electronic diaries in the form of a survey for 10 consecutive working days. Main findings: Daily psychological availability mediates between daily positive work-home interaction and daily work engagement. Daily positive home-work interaction did not predict daily work engagement, but had a significant effect on daily psychological availability. Practical/managerial implications: Examining systems and structures that promote opportunities for women to become more psychologically available at work impacts their sustainable retention. Contribution/value-add: This study found significant relationships between day-level uses of personal resources and spillover effects of home-work and work-home on day-level work engagement. The study further contributes to the literature on positive work–home and home–work interaction.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Łaba, Karolina , Geldenhuys, Madelyn
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/278401 , uj:29874 , Citation: Łaba, K., & Geldenhuys, M. (2018). Positive interaction between work and home, and psychological availability on women’s work engagement: A ‘shortitudinal’ study. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 44(0), a1538. https://doi.org/ 10.4102/sajip.v44i0.1538 , ISSN: (Online) 2071-0763
- Description: Abstract: Orientation: Women’s work engagement is affected by how well they balance their work and personal life, and their level of confidence in their capability at work. Research purpose: Determine whether women’s daily psychological availability mediates daily positive work-home interaction and daily positive home-work interaction on daily work engagement. Motivation for the study: Research into negative work–home and home–work interaction is in abundance. Limited studies focus on the positive effects on women’s experiences at work (i.e. work engagement). Little is known about women’s psychological availability and how it affects their work. Furthermore, little research provides us insights into the day-level experiences of women at work. Research approach/design and method: A quantitative, shortitudinal design was used. Data analyses accounted for multilevel structure in the data (within-person vs. between-person differences). Female employees (n = 60) from various industries in Gauteng, completed electronic diaries in the form of a survey for 10 consecutive working days. Main findings: Daily psychological availability mediates between daily positive work-home interaction and daily work engagement. Daily positive home-work interaction did not predict daily work engagement, but had a significant effect on daily psychological availability. Practical/managerial implications: Examining systems and structures that promote opportunities for women to become more psychologically available at work impacts their sustainable retention. Contribution/value-add: This study found significant relationships between day-level uses of personal resources and spillover effects of home-work and work-home on day-level work engagement. The study further contributes to the literature on positive work–home and home–work interaction.
- Full Text:
South Africa's economic integration with BRIC countries
- Authors: Çakir, Mustafa
- Date: 2013-12-09
- Subjects: International economic integration , International cooperation , BRIC countries , Africa, Southern - Economic integration
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7820 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8714
- Description: D.Phil. (Economics) , This thesis presents a discussion of the economic integration between South Africa and the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China, the so called BRICs. The thesis analyses four channels of interdependence: trade, investment, business cycle and the increasing importance of shocks originating from China. It makes significant and original contributions to the empirical literature by employing several econometric techniques. In the first two cases, a global vector autoregressive (global VAR) model is used to analyse the trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) linkages between South Africa and the BRIC countries over the period 1995-2009. The results show trade linkages between these economies whose magnitude differs between countries. Shocks from each BRIC country are shown to have considerable impact on South African real imports and output. However, there is no evidence of FDI linkages between these economies. This shows that the notable performance of the BRIC economies are not transmitted to the South African economy by FDI flows, but rather through the exchange rates for some countries and trade for the others. In the third application, the nature of co-movement between South Africa and the BRIC countries is examined by applying the dynamic factor model to a set of 307 macroeconomic series over the 1995-2009 period. Particularly, the extent of co-movement between the cyclical component of real output across South Africa and the BRICs is assessed. The results show significant degree of co-movement between South Africa and the BRICs over the business cycle and the long-run, although the magnitude of the co-movement differs with each country. In terms of the lead and lag relationships across South Africa and the BRIC countries, the study ends that only India leads South Africa over the cyclical period. The findings suggest that the first two factors are BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) factorswhile the third factor can be considered a United States factor. The last application investigates, using a factor model estimated with quarterly data from 1995 to 2009, how China’s shocks are transmitted to BRIS (Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa). The results show that China’s supply shocks are more important than its demand shocks. Supply shocks produce positive and significant output responses in all BRIS countries. However, their extent is significant only for short horizon in India. Positive demand shocks from China have positive and significant extent on Brazil’s and South Africa’s output only. The intensity of economic relationship and channels of transmission of shocks are different between China and BRIS. The results based on the variance share of the common component suggest that South Africa and Russia are linked intensively to China, while Brazil and India have only moderate linkages with China. International trade is an important channel for the transmission of shocks across China and BRIS countries indicating that supply and demand shocks in China do not have similar extent on the BRIS countries and therefore they require different policy responses.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Çakir, Mustafa
- Date: 2013-12-09
- Subjects: International economic integration , International cooperation , BRIC countries , Africa, Southern - Economic integration
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7820 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8714
- Description: D.Phil. (Economics) , This thesis presents a discussion of the economic integration between South Africa and the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China, the so called BRICs. The thesis analyses four channels of interdependence: trade, investment, business cycle and the increasing importance of shocks originating from China. It makes significant and original contributions to the empirical literature by employing several econometric techniques. In the first two cases, a global vector autoregressive (global VAR) model is used to analyse the trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) linkages between South Africa and the BRIC countries over the period 1995-2009. The results show trade linkages between these economies whose magnitude differs between countries. Shocks from each BRIC country are shown to have considerable impact on South African real imports and output. However, there is no evidence of FDI linkages between these economies. This shows that the notable performance of the BRIC economies are not transmitted to the South African economy by FDI flows, but rather through the exchange rates for some countries and trade for the others. In the third application, the nature of co-movement between South Africa and the BRIC countries is examined by applying the dynamic factor model to a set of 307 macroeconomic series over the 1995-2009 period. Particularly, the extent of co-movement between the cyclical component of real output across South Africa and the BRICs is assessed. The results show significant degree of co-movement between South Africa and the BRICs over the business cycle and the long-run, although the magnitude of the co-movement differs with each country. In terms of the lead and lag relationships across South Africa and the BRIC countries, the study ends that only India leads South Africa over the cyclical period. The findings suggest that the first two factors are BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) factorswhile the third factor can be considered a United States factor. The last application investigates, using a factor model estimated with quarterly data from 1995 to 2009, how China’s shocks are transmitted to BRIS (Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa). The results show that China’s supply shocks are more important than its demand shocks. Supply shocks produce positive and significant output responses in all BRIS countries. However, their extent is significant only for short horizon in India. Positive demand shocks from China have positive and significant extent on Brazil’s and South Africa’s output only. The intensity of economic relationship and channels of transmission of shocks are different between China and BRIS. The results based on the variance share of the common component suggest that South Africa and Russia are linked intensively to China, while Brazil and India have only moderate linkages with China. International trade is an important channel for the transmission of shocks across China and BRIS countries indicating that supply and demand shocks in China do not have similar extent on the BRIS countries and therefore they require different policy responses.
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Trade liberalisation and competitiveness of emerging market economies
- Authors: Çakir, Mustafa
- Date: 2009-03-11T08:46:15Z
- Subjects: Trade liberalisation , Free trade , International trade , Economic development
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:8216 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2275
- Description: MCom , In this study, the aim is to provide answers for the following questions: whether there is any positive relationship between trade liberalisation and competitiveness of emerging economies. How terms of trade affect economic growth in emerging market economies? Finally, do the emerging market economies benefit from free trade in terms of accelerated growth or they are actually harmed? There are two models used in this study to answer the above questions; the first model is the growth model and the second one is the per capita growth model. The first model determines the effects of terms of trade on the overall economic growth, and the second one determines the share of such effect on the population at large. In both models, panel data analysis is applied for eighteen emerging market economies. Based on the economic theory and the results from all the models, terms of trade does prove to have a positive effect on economic growth and standard of living. It is also found that trade liberalisation does improve economic growth which in turn leads to competitiveness. The findings indicate that there is convergence amongst the developing economies. This means that the countries are growing together and emerging economies can be expected to catch up with advanced economies.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Çakir, Mustafa
- Date: 2009-03-11T08:46:15Z
- Subjects: Trade liberalisation , Free trade , International trade , Economic development
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:8216 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2275
- Description: MCom , In this study, the aim is to provide answers for the following questions: whether there is any positive relationship between trade liberalisation and competitiveness of emerging economies. How terms of trade affect economic growth in emerging market economies? Finally, do the emerging market economies benefit from free trade in terms of accelerated growth or they are actually harmed? There are two models used in this study to answer the above questions; the first model is the growth model and the second one is the per capita growth model. The first model determines the effects of terms of trade on the overall economic growth, and the second one determines the share of such effect on the population at large. In both models, panel data analysis is applied for eighteen emerging market economies. Based on the economic theory and the results from all the models, terms of trade does prove to have a positive effect on economic growth and standard of living. It is also found that trade liberalisation does improve economic growth which in turn leads to competitiveness. The findings indicate that there is convergence amongst the developing economies. This means that the countries are growing together and emerging economies can be expected to catch up with advanced economies.
- Full Text:
DDRT-PCR analysis of defense-related gene induction in cotton.
- Authors: Zwiegelaar, Michele
- Date: 2008-05-19T09:36:53Z
- Subjects: cotton disease and pest resistance , gene expression , plant defenses , plant-pathogen relationships
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:1995 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/434
- Description: Plants have evolved mechanisms to defend themselves against pathogen attack. These defense mechanisms consist of a series of inducible responses (including specific recognition of pathogen invasion, signal transduction and defense gene activation) that result in resistance. Plants responses to pathogen invasion also result in the suppression of various housekeeping activities of the cells, thus diverting the cellular resources to defense responses. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR), an inducible defense response enhanced as a result of initial infection with a necrotising pathogen, lead to long-term resistance in a plant. Differential gene expression of genes related to defense in cultured cotton cells and leaf disks that have been challenged with a purified elicitor from Verticillium dahliae, as well as a chemical inducer of defense responses, DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid, were investigated. The mRNA differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was used to identify differentially expressed genes 5 h after application of either 50 mg mL-1 Verticillium dahliae elicitor or 1 mM DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid to cotton cell suspension cultures and leaf disks. Identified cDNAs up- or down-regulated for this study were classified into seven groups: ‘Transcription factor’, ‘Ubiquitin and Proteasome’, ‘Mitochondria’, ‘Protein kinase/Receptor-like kinase’, ‘Defense/Resistance’, ‘Carbohydrate metabolism/Cell wall’ and ‘Other’. The identified cDNAs up-regulated after Verticillium dahliae elicitor treatment, classified in the ‘Transcription factor’ group, coded for a MYB family transcription factor, zinc finger protein and a RMA1 RING zinc finger protein. The identified cDNA classified in the ‘Mitochondria’ group coded for a cytochrome C oxidase subunit I and II and the cDNA classified in the ‘Protein kinase/Receptor-like kinase’ group coded for a serine/threonine protein kinase. The identified cDNA classified in the ‘Defense/Resistance’ group coded for a disease resistance protein family and the cDNAs classified in the ‘Carbohydrate metabolism/Cell wall’ group coded for a beta-1,4-Nacetylglucosaminyltransferase, a cellulose synthase-like protein, a 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase-like protein and a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein homolog. In addition, a cDNA classified in the ‘Other’ group, coded for a urea active transporter-like protein. The cDNA identified that was down-regulated after Verticillium dahliae elicitor treatment, classified in the ‘Carbohydrate metabolism/Cell wall’ group, coded for a proline-rich protein family and cDNAs classified in the ‘Other’ group coded for a thioredoxin reductase1 and ‘hookless1’ homologue. Among the identified cDNAs up-regulated after DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid treatment, classified in the ‘Ubiquitin and Proteasome’ group, were a 20S proteasome subunit alpha type 5 and an ubiquitin. The identified cDNA classified in the ‘Mitochondria’ group coded for a NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6, a mitochondrial DNA product. The identified cDNAs classified in the ‘Other’ group coded for an armadillo repeat containing protein and a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. The cDNA identified that was down-regulated after DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid treatment, classified in the ‘Protein kinase/Receptor-like kinase’ group, coded for a casein kinase I like protein. The identified cDNA classified in the ‘Carbohydrate metabolism/Cell wall’ group, coded for a putative glycine rich protein. Also, the identified cDNA classified in the ‘Other’ group, coded for a NADH dehydrogenase subunit F that is coded for by chloroplast DNA. The differential expression of the cDNAs up-regulated after the Verticillium dahliae elicitor treatment was confirmed for seven of the nine cDNA clones with a Reverse Northern dot blot. Also, the differential expression of two cDNAs up-regulated after DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid treatment was confirmed and the induction kinetics was followed with a Reverse Northern dot blot. The mRNAs corresponding to C8B5, the gene encoding an ubiquitin, were detectable after 2.5 h and showed a significant increase in expression up to 7.5 h, after which the expression levels decreased to levels similar to those detected at 2.5 h. The mRNAs corresponding to L4B4, a homologue of an a-type subunit of 20S proteasome, were detectable after 2.5 h with an gradual increase in expression levels up to 7.5 h after which the expression levels decreased to levels similar to those detected at 2.5 h. This study facilitated a better understanding of differential gene regulation during triggering of defense responses in cotton following elicitation with the Verticillium dahliae elicitor and DL-b-aminon- butyric acid. , Prof. I.A. Dubery
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zwiegelaar, Michele
- Date: 2008-05-19T09:36:53Z
- Subjects: cotton disease and pest resistance , gene expression , plant defenses , plant-pathogen relationships
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:1995 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/434
- Description: Plants have evolved mechanisms to defend themselves against pathogen attack. These defense mechanisms consist of a series of inducible responses (including specific recognition of pathogen invasion, signal transduction and defense gene activation) that result in resistance. Plants responses to pathogen invasion also result in the suppression of various housekeeping activities of the cells, thus diverting the cellular resources to defense responses. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR), an inducible defense response enhanced as a result of initial infection with a necrotising pathogen, lead to long-term resistance in a plant. Differential gene expression of genes related to defense in cultured cotton cells and leaf disks that have been challenged with a purified elicitor from Verticillium dahliae, as well as a chemical inducer of defense responses, DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid, were investigated. The mRNA differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was used to identify differentially expressed genes 5 h after application of either 50 mg mL-1 Verticillium dahliae elicitor or 1 mM DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid to cotton cell suspension cultures and leaf disks. Identified cDNAs up- or down-regulated for this study were classified into seven groups: ‘Transcription factor’, ‘Ubiquitin and Proteasome’, ‘Mitochondria’, ‘Protein kinase/Receptor-like kinase’, ‘Defense/Resistance’, ‘Carbohydrate metabolism/Cell wall’ and ‘Other’. The identified cDNAs up-regulated after Verticillium dahliae elicitor treatment, classified in the ‘Transcription factor’ group, coded for a MYB family transcription factor, zinc finger protein and a RMA1 RING zinc finger protein. The identified cDNA classified in the ‘Mitochondria’ group coded for a cytochrome C oxidase subunit I and II and the cDNA classified in the ‘Protein kinase/Receptor-like kinase’ group coded for a serine/threonine protein kinase. The identified cDNA classified in the ‘Defense/Resistance’ group coded for a disease resistance protein family and the cDNAs classified in the ‘Carbohydrate metabolism/Cell wall’ group coded for a beta-1,4-Nacetylglucosaminyltransferase, a cellulose synthase-like protein, a 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase-like protein and a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein homolog. In addition, a cDNA classified in the ‘Other’ group, coded for a urea active transporter-like protein. The cDNA identified that was down-regulated after Verticillium dahliae elicitor treatment, classified in the ‘Carbohydrate metabolism/Cell wall’ group, coded for a proline-rich protein family and cDNAs classified in the ‘Other’ group coded for a thioredoxin reductase1 and ‘hookless1’ homologue. Among the identified cDNAs up-regulated after DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid treatment, classified in the ‘Ubiquitin and Proteasome’ group, were a 20S proteasome subunit alpha type 5 and an ubiquitin. The identified cDNA classified in the ‘Mitochondria’ group coded for a NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6, a mitochondrial DNA product. The identified cDNAs classified in the ‘Other’ group coded for an armadillo repeat containing protein and a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. The cDNA identified that was down-regulated after DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid treatment, classified in the ‘Protein kinase/Receptor-like kinase’ group, coded for a casein kinase I like protein. The identified cDNA classified in the ‘Carbohydrate metabolism/Cell wall’ group, coded for a putative glycine rich protein. Also, the identified cDNA classified in the ‘Other’ group, coded for a NADH dehydrogenase subunit F that is coded for by chloroplast DNA. The differential expression of the cDNAs up-regulated after the Verticillium dahliae elicitor treatment was confirmed for seven of the nine cDNA clones with a Reverse Northern dot blot. Also, the differential expression of two cDNAs up-regulated after DL-b-amino-n-butyric acid treatment was confirmed and the induction kinetics was followed with a Reverse Northern dot blot. The mRNAs corresponding to C8B5, the gene encoding an ubiquitin, were detectable after 2.5 h and showed a significant increase in expression up to 7.5 h, after which the expression levels decreased to levels similar to those detected at 2.5 h. The mRNAs corresponding to L4B4, a homologue of an a-type subunit of 20S proteasome, were detectable after 2.5 h with an gradual increase in expression levels up to 7.5 h after which the expression levels decreased to levels similar to those detected at 2.5 h. This study facilitated a better understanding of differential gene regulation during triggering of defense responses in cotton following elicitation with the Verticillium dahliae elicitor and DL-b-aminon- butyric acid. , Prof. I.A. Dubery
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Delineating wetland waterbodies of wide spatial variation using remote sensing techniques
- Authors: Zwedzi, Lutendo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Bodies of water - Remote sensing , Wetlands - Remote sensing , Wetland management
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/458723 , uj:40757
- Description: Abstract: Waterbodies often make up a key component of wetland systems and therefore should be given due consideration in the management of wetlands. The need to monitor wetland waterbodies is becoming ever-pressing in the face of climate change and population growth that is putting increasing pressure on water resources. Monitoring waterbodies as part of land cover mapping in wetland ecosystems using remote sensing is well documented. Furthermore, much of the emphasis has been on large wetland and waterbodies that are fairly easy to map on publicly available remotely-sensed data such as moderate resolution Landsat imagery. There is a need to expand the utility of remote sensing to monitoring wetland waterbodies that have a great deal of variation in terms of spatial extent. This study therefore investigated the performances of remotely-sensed data in identifying and quantifying the spatial extents of urban wetland waterbodies found in the south of the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. The first goal of this study was to assess the seasonal and multi-year dynamics of wetland waterbodies using Landsat imagery. Seasonal assessment (summer, autumn, winter, spring) revealed that summer and spring had the most number of waterbodies in the study area. Analysis of the multi-year data (1995, 2005, 2008, 2016) taken in the same season revealed fairly unchanged waterbody amounts. The second goal of the study focussed on two specific objectives; 1) compare SPOT versus Landsat images, 2) compare Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) versus Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) to delineate wetland waterbodies. The SPOT imagery identified more waterbodies than the Landsat and was also better in estimating waterbody extents, indicating the importance of spatial resolution as well as the sufficiency of visible and near-infrared spectral bands available in SPOT imagery. The comparison between NDVI and NDWI favoured the latter, which enabled identification of more waterbodies comparable to the reference data. in general, the findings of this study demonstrated the suitability of publicly available remotely-sensed data in monitoring wetland waterbodies with wide spatial variations common in urban environments. It is envisaged that continuous efforts in similar researches and the increasing availability of multisource remote sensing data will improve the monitoring efforts at high temporal resolutions. , M.Sc. (Geography)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zwedzi, Lutendo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Bodies of water - Remote sensing , Wetlands - Remote sensing , Wetland management
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/458723 , uj:40757
- Description: Abstract: Waterbodies often make up a key component of wetland systems and therefore should be given due consideration in the management of wetlands. The need to monitor wetland waterbodies is becoming ever-pressing in the face of climate change and population growth that is putting increasing pressure on water resources. Monitoring waterbodies as part of land cover mapping in wetland ecosystems using remote sensing is well documented. Furthermore, much of the emphasis has been on large wetland and waterbodies that are fairly easy to map on publicly available remotely-sensed data such as moderate resolution Landsat imagery. There is a need to expand the utility of remote sensing to monitoring wetland waterbodies that have a great deal of variation in terms of spatial extent. This study therefore investigated the performances of remotely-sensed data in identifying and quantifying the spatial extents of urban wetland waterbodies found in the south of the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. The first goal of this study was to assess the seasonal and multi-year dynamics of wetland waterbodies using Landsat imagery. Seasonal assessment (summer, autumn, winter, spring) revealed that summer and spring had the most number of waterbodies in the study area. Analysis of the multi-year data (1995, 2005, 2008, 2016) taken in the same season revealed fairly unchanged waterbody amounts. The second goal of the study focussed on two specific objectives; 1) compare SPOT versus Landsat images, 2) compare Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) versus Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) to delineate wetland waterbodies. The SPOT imagery identified more waterbodies than the Landsat and was also better in estimating waterbody extents, indicating the importance of spatial resolution as well as the sufficiency of visible and near-infrared spectral bands available in SPOT imagery. The comparison between NDVI and NDWI favoured the latter, which enabled identification of more waterbodies comparable to the reference data. in general, the findings of this study demonstrated the suitability of publicly available remotely-sensed data in monitoring wetland waterbodies with wide spatial variations common in urban environments. It is envisaged that continuous efforts in similar researches and the increasing availability of multisource remote sensing data will improve the monitoring efforts at high temporal resolutions. , M.Sc. (Geography)
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Student nurses' experience of interaction with culturally diverse psychiatric patients
- Authors: Zwane, Theresa Sheila
- Date: 2014-09-15
- Subjects: Psychiatric nursing - Research - South Africa , Transcultural nursing - Research - South Africa , Intercultural communication - Research - South Africa , Communication in nursing - Research - South Africa , Nurse and patient - Research - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12296 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12082
- Description: M.Cur. , Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zwane, Theresa Sheila
- Date: 2014-09-15
- Subjects: Psychiatric nursing - Research - South Africa , Transcultural nursing - Research - South Africa , Intercultural communication - Research - South Africa , Communication in nursing - Research - South Africa , Nurse and patient - Research - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12296 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12082
- Description: M.Cur. , Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
A model for constructive nurse educator student interaction : facilitating the promotion, maintenance and restoration of mental health
- Authors: Zwane, Theresa Sheila
- Date: 2012-09-13
- Subjects: Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) , Teacher-student relationships -- Research -- South Africa , Interaction analysis in education -- Research -- South Africa , Psychiatric nursing -- Research -- South Africa , Psychiatric nursing -- Mental health -- Research -- South Africa , Interpersonal relations -- Research -- South Africa , Nursing -- Study and teaching
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10347 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7710
- Description: D.Cur. , South Africa is currently undergoing radical transformational changes in all facets of its society. This is an era immediately following the first democratic elections in the country. The new Government, the Government of National Unity (GNU) which is dominated by the African National Congress (ANC), has introduced what is known as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)(ANC, 1994), which seeks to redress disparities of the past. This programme has significant social, political and economical implications for the South African community. It proposes that statutory bodies and institutions should be rationalized and restructured to reflect the diversity of the South African people and should be better able to promote and protect the standards of health care and training. It aims to, inter alia, promote mental health and to increase the accessibility, quality and quantity of mental health support and counselling services. In line with this goal and based on problems that arise because of anxieties and fears that are inherent in change, the mental health of nurse educators and nursing students of a selected nursing college was investigated utilizing a qualitative, theory – generative design which is exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted individually with ten nurse educators and nine nursing students to explore and describe their experience of interaction with one another. Follow-up interviews were also conducted with some of the participants. Data was analysed using Tesch's method. Based on the results of the analysis, the major concept, understanding was identified as the essence of a model for constructive nurse educator - student interaction envisaged. In Phase 2, a theory -generative design was utilized to develop a constructive nurse educator - student interaction model, founded on a mental health approach. The identified concept was examined in existing writings to determine essential criteria of the concept. In addition, a model case was written in which the concept was constructed to the best of the researcher's understanding. Essential criteria of the concept were identified and a concept map was drawn to depict the essential criteria in relation to each other. The related concepts were identified and portrayed in a structural form. The visual model depicts nurse educators and nursing students who function as a family, as the recipients of activity, and the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner, who facilitates their interaction, as the agent. By utilizing the deductive reasoning strategy, relationship statements were inferred from the model. Guidelines were described for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner with regard to all three phases, namely, the Interaction Initiation Phase, the Interaction Cohesiveness Phase and the Interaction Dissolution Phase, in terms of objectives, strategies and proposed activities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zwane, Theresa Sheila
- Date: 2012-09-13
- Subjects: Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) , Teacher-student relationships -- Research -- South Africa , Interaction analysis in education -- Research -- South Africa , Psychiatric nursing -- Research -- South Africa , Psychiatric nursing -- Mental health -- Research -- South Africa , Interpersonal relations -- Research -- South Africa , Nursing -- Study and teaching
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10347 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7710
- Description: D.Cur. , South Africa is currently undergoing radical transformational changes in all facets of its society. This is an era immediately following the first democratic elections in the country. The new Government, the Government of National Unity (GNU) which is dominated by the African National Congress (ANC), has introduced what is known as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)(ANC, 1994), which seeks to redress disparities of the past. This programme has significant social, political and economical implications for the South African community. It proposes that statutory bodies and institutions should be rationalized and restructured to reflect the diversity of the South African people and should be better able to promote and protect the standards of health care and training. It aims to, inter alia, promote mental health and to increase the accessibility, quality and quantity of mental health support and counselling services. In line with this goal and based on problems that arise because of anxieties and fears that are inherent in change, the mental health of nurse educators and nursing students of a selected nursing college was investigated utilizing a qualitative, theory – generative design which is exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted individually with ten nurse educators and nine nursing students to explore and describe their experience of interaction with one another. Follow-up interviews were also conducted with some of the participants. Data was analysed using Tesch's method. Based on the results of the analysis, the major concept, understanding was identified as the essence of a model for constructive nurse educator - student interaction envisaged. In Phase 2, a theory -generative design was utilized to develop a constructive nurse educator - student interaction model, founded on a mental health approach. The identified concept was examined in existing writings to determine essential criteria of the concept. In addition, a model case was written in which the concept was constructed to the best of the researcher's understanding. Essential criteria of the concept were identified and a concept map was drawn to depict the essential criteria in relation to each other. The related concepts were identified and portrayed in a structural form. The visual model depicts nurse educators and nursing students who function as a family, as the recipients of activity, and the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner, who facilitates their interaction, as the agent. By utilizing the deductive reasoning strategy, relationship statements were inferred from the model. Guidelines were described for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner with regard to all three phases, namely, the Interaction Initiation Phase, the Interaction Cohesiveness Phase and the Interaction Dissolution Phase, in terms of objectives, strategies and proposed activities.
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Empowering school management teams of no-fee schools to actively participate in school financial management
- Authors: Zwane, Thembinkosi Trevor
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Public schools - South Africa - Administration , Education - Finance - Law and legislation - South Africa , Education - South Africa - Finance , School management and organization - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402326 , uj:33664
- Description: Abstract : In an effort to redress the past imbalances and/or inequities created by the apartheid regime, the post-1994 government introduced various policies that are aimed at narrowing the gap of unfairness in the allocation of state funds. The government introduced, amongst others, the National Norms and Standards for School Funding (NNSSF) that is aimed at bringing equity and fairness in the process of allocating funds to public schools. The South African Schools Act No. 84 of 1996 outlines the roles and responsibilities of school governing bodies (SGB) and also contains directions on how to regulate and manage school funds. The South African Schools Act states that the SGB is responsible for managing the finances of a school. However, the SGB rely much on school principals to fulfil their financial roles and responsibilities. One of the reasons that the SGB rely on the school principal is due to their lack of knowledge and skills, to control the school funds effectively and efficiently. The reason for engaging in this study is to determine how school management teams (SMTs) of no-fee public schools can be empowered to actively participate in school financial management. SMTs in this study will only refer to the heads of department (HoDs) and to the deputy principal. The school principal is viewed as a separate entity although part of the SGB. A generic qualitative study within an interpretivist paradigm and guided by systems theory as a theoretical framework were used in this research. A sample consisting of sixteen participants were purposely selected from two primary schools and two secondary schools. The schools that were selected were all no-fee public schools. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The documents that were analysed included the school financial policy, audited school financial statements and minutes of SGB and SMT meetings. The participants in this research included the school principal, the SGB chairperson, deputy school principal and one HoD in each of the four schools identified. The qualitative data collected was analysed through identifying key themes and sub-themes. The study revealed that the perceptions, understanding and experiences of the role of SMTs in financial management differ in schools. Also, there is no collaboration between the members of the SGBs and SMTs when managing school financial resources. This is because school principals and SGB parent governors jointly assume the role of school financial management... , M.Ed. (Educational Management)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zwane, Thembinkosi Trevor
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Public schools - South Africa - Administration , Education - Finance - Law and legislation - South Africa , Education - South Africa - Finance , School management and organization - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402326 , uj:33664
- Description: Abstract : In an effort to redress the past imbalances and/or inequities created by the apartheid regime, the post-1994 government introduced various policies that are aimed at narrowing the gap of unfairness in the allocation of state funds. The government introduced, amongst others, the National Norms and Standards for School Funding (NNSSF) that is aimed at bringing equity and fairness in the process of allocating funds to public schools. The South African Schools Act No. 84 of 1996 outlines the roles and responsibilities of school governing bodies (SGB) and also contains directions on how to regulate and manage school funds. The South African Schools Act states that the SGB is responsible for managing the finances of a school. However, the SGB rely much on school principals to fulfil their financial roles and responsibilities. One of the reasons that the SGB rely on the school principal is due to their lack of knowledge and skills, to control the school funds effectively and efficiently. The reason for engaging in this study is to determine how school management teams (SMTs) of no-fee public schools can be empowered to actively participate in school financial management. SMTs in this study will only refer to the heads of department (HoDs) and to the deputy principal. The school principal is viewed as a separate entity although part of the SGB. A generic qualitative study within an interpretivist paradigm and guided by systems theory as a theoretical framework were used in this research. A sample consisting of sixteen participants were purposely selected from two primary schools and two secondary schools. The schools that were selected were all no-fee public schools. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The documents that were analysed included the school financial policy, audited school financial statements and minutes of SGB and SMT meetings. The participants in this research included the school principal, the SGB chairperson, deputy school principal and one HoD in each of the four schools identified. The qualitative data collected was analysed through identifying key themes and sub-themes. The study revealed that the perceptions, understanding and experiences of the role of SMTs in financial management differ in schools. Also, there is no collaboration between the members of the SGBs and SMTs when managing school financial resources. This is because school principals and SGB parent governors jointly assume the role of school financial management... , M.Ed. (Educational Management)
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Assessing the determinants and effects of non-monetary household asset poverty in South Africa
- Authors: Zwane, Talent Thebe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Poverty , Rural poor - Economic aspects , Economic development - South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal , Rural development - South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal , Agriculture - Economic aspects - South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/283653 , uj:30601
- Description: Ph.D. (Economics) , Abstract: When measuring poverty, much of the theoretical and empirical work has focused mainly on money-metric measures of poverty. The conventional approach has been the use of a poverty line − often derived from consumption, expenditure or income levels − sufficient to meet primary human needs. However, the money-metric approach to poverty analysis in South Africa is not an appropriate measure, given that the South African environment has a very different outlook, possibly even arriving at a wrong measure of poverty with subsistence farming, where money is not a good measure of poverty. In order to measure poverty accurately in South Africa we need to consider the assets of households and compute an asset-poverty index. Assets are an important indicator of well-being and a measure that is based on assets is likely to capture an important dimension of economic well-being. While there are a few studies that have investigated asset poverty in South Africa, there are serious gaps in the literature. These should be addressed in order to improve policy designed to reduce poverty. Firstly, these studies have mainly relied on cross-sectional data rather than panel data at a national level. The reason for this is mainly the absence of national representative longitudinal data. However, this type of data has become available and is used in this thesis. Secondly, none of these studies have compared results among subsamples of urban and rural areas. This is very important as the areas are structurally very different, with different characteristics. Thus, it is likely that poverty, asset poverty and the determinants of asset poverty in these areas will differ. Thirdly, previous literature has not investigated the uniqueness of subsistence-farming communities in the measurement of poverty, in which monetary measures have limited application. In these types of economies, monetary measures of poverty are likely to overestimate poverty. Furthermore, the saving behaviour in these communities differs vastly from that of other communities. To address these gaps, the thesis uses a newly-available panel data set named the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) observed over the period 2008-2015 in bi-annual waves to study asset poverty in South Africa. The panel nature of the NIDS data also allows us to overcome common estimation issues of endogeneity. The NIDS contains a comprehensive set of questions relevant to the analysis of asset poverty. However, the NIDS is not without shortcomings. Although it is a national representative...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zwane, Talent Thebe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Poverty , Rural poor - Economic aspects , Economic development - South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal , Rural development - South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal , Agriculture - Economic aspects - South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/283653 , uj:30601
- Description: Ph.D. (Economics) , Abstract: When measuring poverty, much of the theoretical and empirical work has focused mainly on money-metric measures of poverty. The conventional approach has been the use of a poverty line − often derived from consumption, expenditure or income levels − sufficient to meet primary human needs. However, the money-metric approach to poverty analysis in South Africa is not an appropriate measure, given that the South African environment has a very different outlook, possibly even arriving at a wrong measure of poverty with subsistence farming, where money is not a good measure of poverty. In order to measure poverty accurately in South Africa we need to consider the assets of households and compute an asset-poverty index. Assets are an important indicator of well-being and a measure that is based on assets is likely to capture an important dimension of economic well-being. While there are a few studies that have investigated asset poverty in South Africa, there are serious gaps in the literature. These should be addressed in order to improve policy designed to reduce poverty. Firstly, these studies have mainly relied on cross-sectional data rather than panel data at a national level. The reason for this is mainly the absence of national representative longitudinal data. However, this type of data has become available and is used in this thesis. Secondly, none of these studies have compared results among subsamples of urban and rural areas. This is very important as the areas are structurally very different, with different characteristics. Thus, it is likely that poverty, asset poverty and the determinants of asset poverty in these areas will differ. Thirdly, previous literature has not investigated the uniqueness of subsistence-farming communities in the measurement of poverty, in which monetary measures have limited application. In these types of economies, monetary measures of poverty are likely to overestimate poverty. Furthermore, the saving behaviour in these communities differs vastly from that of other communities. To address these gaps, the thesis uses a newly-available panel data set named the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) observed over the period 2008-2015 in bi-annual waves to study asset poverty in South Africa. The panel nature of the NIDS data also allows us to overcome common estimation issues of endogeneity. The NIDS contains a comprehensive set of questions relevant to the analysis of asset poverty. However, the NIDS is not without shortcomings. Although it is a national representative...
- Full Text:
The impact of regulation on small businesses in the Republic of South Africa
- Authors: Zwane, Talent Thebe
- Date: 2011-06-30T09:14:16Z
- Subjects: Small business - South Africa , Trade regulation - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7161 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3769
- Description: M.Comm. , The study examines the impact of regulations on small businesses in the Republic of South Africa. It analyses the Small Business Development Policy of 1996 which categorised small businesses into micro, small, very small, and medium enterprises (SMMEs). This policy outlines the functions of the large number of small business support institutions such as Ntsika Enterprise Promotion Agency, Khula Finance, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) institutions and the Gauteng Provincial SMME desks. Ntsika was formed in 1996 to implement the small business strategy. The institution provides non-financial support to small businesses through a number of programmes. These programmes include Tender Advise Centres and Manufacturing Centres. Khula Enterprise Promotion Agency was established in 1996 to provide loans and guarantees to small businesses in order to increase their access to finance through commercial banks. Khula manages a large number of programmes, namely, business loan schemes, guarantee schemes, Khula star funds and equity funds. The DTI provides a number of incentive schemes for registered small businesses. The DTI incentive schemes provide the necessary infrastructure and contribute towards increasing the performance in the small businesses sector. Small businesses face a large number of challenges such as the lack of competent human capital, low profit margins, inadequate financing, stiff competition from large monopolistic and well established businesses, inadequate marketing strategies, unfavourable policy and legal environment, lack of information about government support initiatives, and cyclical sensitivity of their products. The study concludes that there is a need for mentorship programmes in the small business sector in order to increase the success rate. More research is needed in the small business sector to create awareness about potential benefits accruing to the financial sector and the economy as a whole. More players are required in the commercial banking sector in order to enhance competition. The state should reduce barriers to entry into the banking and the SMME sector. Furthermore, the state should level the playing field to facilitate access of women to financial resources. These institutions must publish all their results regularly so that the success of their financing can be evaluated. Transparency is needed and non-performing loans must be reported to judge the small business support institutions.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zwane, Talent Thebe
- Date: 2011-06-30T09:14:16Z
- Subjects: Small business - South Africa , Trade regulation - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7161 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3769
- Description: M.Comm. , The study examines the impact of regulations on small businesses in the Republic of South Africa. It analyses the Small Business Development Policy of 1996 which categorised small businesses into micro, small, very small, and medium enterprises (SMMEs). This policy outlines the functions of the large number of small business support institutions such as Ntsika Enterprise Promotion Agency, Khula Finance, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) institutions and the Gauteng Provincial SMME desks. Ntsika was formed in 1996 to implement the small business strategy. The institution provides non-financial support to small businesses through a number of programmes. These programmes include Tender Advise Centres and Manufacturing Centres. Khula Enterprise Promotion Agency was established in 1996 to provide loans and guarantees to small businesses in order to increase their access to finance through commercial banks. Khula manages a large number of programmes, namely, business loan schemes, guarantee schemes, Khula star funds and equity funds. The DTI provides a number of incentive schemes for registered small businesses. The DTI incentive schemes provide the necessary infrastructure and contribute towards increasing the performance in the small businesses sector. Small businesses face a large number of challenges such as the lack of competent human capital, low profit margins, inadequate financing, stiff competition from large monopolistic and well established businesses, inadequate marketing strategies, unfavourable policy and legal environment, lack of information about government support initiatives, and cyclical sensitivity of their products. The study concludes that there is a need for mentorship programmes in the small business sector in order to increase the success rate. More research is needed in the small business sector to create awareness about potential benefits accruing to the financial sector and the economy as a whole. More players are required in the commercial banking sector in order to enhance competition. The state should reduce barriers to entry into the banking and the SMME sector. Furthermore, the state should level the playing field to facilitate access of women to financial resources. These institutions must publish all their results regularly so that the success of their financing can be evaluated. Transparency is needed and non-performing loans must be reported to judge the small business support institutions.
- Full Text:
Critical success factors as enablers to achieving QMS benefits : an engineering organisational case study
- Authors: Zwane, Siyabonga
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Quality control , Quality control - Standards , Total quality management
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/425138 , uj:36386
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The ISO quality management system represents a mechanism that can drive change in organisation as well as an entry tickets into certain markets for certain organisations. When implemented correctly and for the correct reasons, the quality management system has been proven to produce operational as well as financial improvements. Organisations have reportedly often struggled to access the benefits that the system offers despite achieving formal certification of the ISO quality management system. This study intends to determine the benefits that the quality management system has to offer to organisations that achieve certification as well as to determine the critical success factors organisation can implement in order to access these benefits. This will assist organisations to gain an understanding of what to expect from achieving formal certification and the steps that should be taken to guarantee benefits that are beyond achieving certification. The study utilises a single case study which was a single organisation certified quality management system and measures the benefits observed from implement this quality management system were assessed against those observed from reviewing literature. The case study was evaluated as best suited method to assist this study as it afforded the researcher in-depth and descriptive response on why organisation implement the ISO quality management system and don’t achieve benefits that are beyond achieving certification. The study found that the implementation of the quality management system does lead to benefits that are beyond certification, benefits which in this study are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. It was found that the effort employed when adapting the system to suit the organisations' practices while adhering to ISO requirements is key to realising benefits coupled with the utilisation of the 21 identified critical success factors. This research suggests that realising benefits is linked to organisations being intentional about how they implement and maintain the QMS and that constantly reviewing practices for areas of non-conformances and to identify areas of improvements early assist the organisation get the best out of the system.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zwane, Siyabonga
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Quality control , Quality control - Standards , Total quality management
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/425138 , uj:36386
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The ISO quality management system represents a mechanism that can drive change in organisation as well as an entry tickets into certain markets for certain organisations. When implemented correctly and for the correct reasons, the quality management system has been proven to produce operational as well as financial improvements. Organisations have reportedly often struggled to access the benefits that the system offers despite achieving formal certification of the ISO quality management system. This study intends to determine the benefits that the quality management system has to offer to organisations that achieve certification as well as to determine the critical success factors organisation can implement in order to access these benefits. This will assist organisations to gain an understanding of what to expect from achieving formal certification and the steps that should be taken to guarantee benefits that are beyond achieving certification. The study utilises a single case study which was a single organisation certified quality management system and measures the benefits observed from implement this quality management system were assessed against those observed from reviewing literature. The case study was evaluated as best suited method to assist this study as it afforded the researcher in-depth and descriptive response on why organisation implement the ISO quality management system and don’t achieve benefits that are beyond achieving certification. The study found that the implementation of the quality management system does lead to benefits that are beyond certification, benefits which in this study are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. It was found that the effort employed when adapting the system to suit the organisations' practices while adhering to ISO requirements is key to realising benefits coupled with the utilisation of the 21 identified critical success factors. This research suggests that realising benefits is linked to organisations being intentional about how they implement and maintain the QMS and that constantly reviewing practices for areas of non-conformances and to identify areas of improvements early assist the organisation get the best out of the system.
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Problems encountered by educators with the implementation of curriculum 2005 in grade 8 classroom in township schools in the Bethal area.
- Authors: Zwane, Simon Kully
- Date: 2009-02-27T07:13:21Z
- Subjects: Bethal ( South Africa ) , classroom management , competency based education
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2200
- Description: M.Ed. , This research is aimed at investigating problems that educators are experiencing in grade 8 with the implementation of Outcomes-Based Education in township schools, in the Bethal area. The researcher was confronted on a daily basis by a horde of unwilling and unmotivated teaching staff who claimed that they were unable to find their way through the labyrinth of the Outcomes-Based Education programmes. I thus set out to find the reasons why educators in township schools encounter problems with the implementation of grade 8 outcomes-based education. Summarily, the purpose of this study is to suggest solutions to the problems encountered of the implementation of OBE of the five schools in the township The objectives of the study can be stated as follows: · To analyse and understand the problems educators are experiencing in teaching out-comes based education. · To know how to assess the learners. · To understand the concept out-comes based education. · To be able to assist the educators in solving problems
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- Authors: Zwane, Simon Kully
- Date: 2009-02-27T07:13:21Z
- Subjects: Bethal ( South Africa ) , classroom management , competency based education
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2200
- Description: M.Ed. , This research is aimed at investigating problems that educators are experiencing in grade 8 with the implementation of Outcomes-Based Education in township schools, in the Bethal area. The researcher was confronted on a daily basis by a horde of unwilling and unmotivated teaching staff who claimed that they were unable to find their way through the labyrinth of the Outcomes-Based Education programmes. I thus set out to find the reasons why educators in township schools encounter problems with the implementation of grade 8 outcomes-based education. Summarily, the purpose of this study is to suggest solutions to the problems encountered of the implementation of OBE of the five schools in the township The objectives of the study can be stated as follows: · To analyse and understand the problems educators are experiencing in teaching out-comes based education. · To know how to assess the learners. · To understand the concept out-comes based education. · To be able to assist the educators in solving problems
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Developing professional scepticism in chartered accountants
- Authors: Zwane, Robert Phineas
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Accountants - South Africa , Auditors - South Africa , Skepticism
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292422 , uj:31778
- Description: M.Com. (International Accounting) , Abstract: Recent audit and corporate failures have brought the South African accountancy profession under scrutiny. Calls have been made for accountants and auditors to be more vigilant in discharging their responsibilities. There has been reportage on auditors’ lack of application of professional scepticism. Calls have also been made for general accountants to start or to improve upon their application of professional scepticism. Therefore, accountants and auditors must improve on their application of professional scepticism. The development of professional scepticism must start at university level. The purpose of this limited-scope dissertation was to investigate the development needs for professional scepticism among CAs. The limited-scope dissertation focused on the role of the university in the development of professional scepticism. This limited-scope dissertation followed an interpretive research framework and a thematic data analysis. The limited-scope dissertation revealed that professional scepticism is not a preserve of the accountancy profession, but serves for the advancement of every profession. Therefore, the limited-scope dissertation concluded that professional scepticism is important for both auditors and the greater accountancy profession. The limited-scope dissertation identified several skills that must be developed to enhance the application of professional scepticism and concluded that most first-year trainees entering the world of work do not possess these skills. The limited-scope dissertation concluded that even though the university must play a role in the development of professional scepticism, it can only be fully developed by students once they have had the opportunity to apply it in practice. The limited-scope dissertation identified several interventions that could be used by universities to better teach professional scepticism. The limited-scope dissertation also identified several factors that hinder universities in the development of professional scepticism and, in this regard, also identified several interventions that may be implemented by universities to address these factors.
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- Authors: Zwane, Robert Phineas
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Accountants - South Africa , Auditors - South Africa , Skepticism
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292422 , uj:31778
- Description: M.Com. (International Accounting) , Abstract: Recent audit and corporate failures have brought the South African accountancy profession under scrutiny. Calls have been made for accountants and auditors to be more vigilant in discharging their responsibilities. There has been reportage on auditors’ lack of application of professional scepticism. Calls have also been made for general accountants to start or to improve upon their application of professional scepticism. Therefore, accountants and auditors must improve on their application of professional scepticism. The development of professional scepticism must start at university level. The purpose of this limited-scope dissertation was to investigate the development needs for professional scepticism among CAs. The limited-scope dissertation focused on the role of the university in the development of professional scepticism. This limited-scope dissertation followed an interpretive research framework and a thematic data analysis. The limited-scope dissertation revealed that professional scepticism is not a preserve of the accountancy profession, but serves for the advancement of every profession. Therefore, the limited-scope dissertation concluded that professional scepticism is important for both auditors and the greater accountancy profession. The limited-scope dissertation identified several skills that must be developed to enhance the application of professional scepticism and concluded that most first-year trainees entering the world of work do not possess these skills. The limited-scope dissertation concluded that even though the university must play a role in the development of professional scepticism, it can only be fully developed by students once they have had the opportunity to apply it in practice. The limited-scope dissertation identified several interventions that could be used by universities to better teach professional scepticism. The limited-scope dissertation also identified several factors that hinder universities in the development of professional scepticism and, in this regard, also identified several interventions that may be implemented by universities to address these factors.
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Photoreduction of chromium (VI) using multi-phase bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photocatalyst
- Authors: Zwane, Qedile Innocent
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Water - Purfication , Sewage - Treatment , Nanostructured materials , Photochemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/401702 , uj:33585
- Description: Abstract : Sustainable development goals emphasise the importance of access to clean drinking water. However, due to industrialisation, a lot of pollutants find their way into water bodies. Heavy metals like chromium and arsenic are some of the most dangerous pollutants that are accumulating in water bodies due to anthropogenic processes. Recent research reported precipitation, coagulation, membrane technology, adsorption and flocculation as some of the possible techniques for the removal of these pollutants. However, all these techniques have serious draw back including that they produce sludge that may require further treatment or have high operational costs which make the impractical to use in real life. The purification of water through photocatalysis using nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as one of the most promising approach to solving the issue of wastewater treatment. This work presents the use of novel multiphase BiVO4 NPs for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater. Novel Y3+ and Mo6+ dual-doped, multiphase BiVO4 NPs were synthesized using a modified hydrothermal method through a gradient doping method. Yttrium (III) was used as a phase-stabilizing agent for the tetragonal phase while Mo6+ was used to control the volume of the crystals. The NPs were characterized using scan electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Braunnauer-Emmett-Teller theory (BET) to determine crystal phase, morphology and surface area. It was found that introduction of the dopants and formation of the phase junction lead to a diminished PL spectra indicative of reduced electron-hole recombination. The 10% (m-m) Y-Mo dual-doped multiphase BiVO4 NPs showed the highest electron-hole separation efficiency. However, 15% (m-m) Y-Mo had the least charge separation and due to the formation of recombination centers at high degrees of metal doping. The multiphase systems also showed a red shift in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The Mott-Schottky plot obtained from Electro Impedance Spectroscopy confirmed formation of a phase junction in the multiphase systems which resulted in an improvement of the photocurrent to twice that of the pristine BiVO4 NPs for the 10% Y-Mo BiVO4 NPs... , M.Sc. (Chemistry)
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- Authors: Zwane, Qedile Innocent
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Water - Purfication , Sewage - Treatment , Nanostructured materials , Photochemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/401702 , uj:33585
- Description: Abstract : Sustainable development goals emphasise the importance of access to clean drinking water. However, due to industrialisation, a lot of pollutants find their way into water bodies. Heavy metals like chromium and arsenic are some of the most dangerous pollutants that are accumulating in water bodies due to anthropogenic processes. Recent research reported precipitation, coagulation, membrane technology, adsorption and flocculation as some of the possible techniques for the removal of these pollutants. However, all these techniques have serious draw back including that they produce sludge that may require further treatment or have high operational costs which make the impractical to use in real life. The purification of water through photocatalysis using nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as one of the most promising approach to solving the issue of wastewater treatment. This work presents the use of novel multiphase BiVO4 NPs for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater. Novel Y3+ and Mo6+ dual-doped, multiphase BiVO4 NPs were synthesized using a modified hydrothermal method through a gradient doping method. Yttrium (III) was used as a phase-stabilizing agent for the tetragonal phase while Mo6+ was used to control the volume of the crystals. The NPs were characterized using scan electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Braunnauer-Emmett-Teller theory (BET) to determine crystal phase, morphology and surface area. It was found that introduction of the dopants and formation of the phase junction lead to a diminished PL spectra indicative of reduced electron-hole recombination. The 10% (m-m) Y-Mo dual-doped multiphase BiVO4 NPs showed the highest electron-hole separation efficiency. However, 15% (m-m) Y-Mo had the least charge separation and due to the formation of recombination centers at high degrees of metal doping. The multiphase systems also showed a red shift in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The Mott-Schottky plot obtained from Electro Impedance Spectroscopy confirmed formation of a phase junction in the multiphase systems which resulted in an improvement of the photocurrent to twice that of the pristine BiVO4 NPs for the 10% Y-Mo BiVO4 NPs... , M.Sc. (Chemistry)
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Determinants of rural poverty in South Africa
- Zwane, Phakama Siyabonga Hycinth
- Authors: Zwane, Phakama Siyabonga Hycinth
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Economic development - South Africa , Rural poor - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/272296 , uj:28978
- Description: M.Com. (Development Economics) , Abstract: While National progress in poverty reduction has been promising in South Africa, rural or traditional areas are lagging behind with a high-poverty headcount ratio. There are debates on how South Africa in general can foster inclusive growth and the role of agriculture in poverty reduction. This dissertation contributes to this debate with micro-economic empirical evidence, shedding more light on the determinants of rural poverty in South Africa. This study employs data from the first four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) and panel data models (pooled probit and random effect probit models) to investigate the determinants of rural poverty in South Africa. The results show that married status, age of household head, household size and provincial dummies are positively associated with rural poverty. In contrast, explanatory variables for household remittance, squared age of household head, employment status of household head, gender of household head, race dummies, education attainment and location are negatively related to rural poverty.
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- Authors: Zwane, Phakama Siyabonga Hycinth
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Economic development - South Africa , Rural poor - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/272296 , uj:28978
- Description: M.Com. (Development Economics) , Abstract: While National progress in poverty reduction has been promising in South Africa, rural or traditional areas are lagging behind with a high-poverty headcount ratio. There are debates on how South Africa in general can foster inclusive growth and the role of agriculture in poverty reduction. This dissertation contributes to this debate with micro-economic empirical evidence, shedding more light on the determinants of rural poverty in South Africa. This study employs data from the first four waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) and panel data models (pooled probit and random effect probit models) to investigate the determinants of rural poverty in South Africa. The results show that married status, age of household head, household size and provincial dummies are positively associated with rural poverty. In contrast, explanatory variables for household remittance, squared age of household head, employment status of household head, gender of household head, race dummies, education attainment and location are negatively related to rural poverty.
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Young women's perception of the influence of a community education project on their lives.
- Authors: Zwane, Patricia
- Date: 2009-02-27T07:14:24Z
- Subjects: community education , adult education of women , Black women's education , KwaZulu-Natal ( South Africa )
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8208 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2210
- Description: M.Ed. , This research was conducted in order to elicit and describe the perceptions of a group of young women who have participated in the Umendomuhle Community Education Project as to how it has influenced their lives. The secondary aim was to discover weaknesses and strengths in the project, and to help improve it. The Umendomuhle Community Education Project was initiated in order to increase the number of adult learners at the community centre, to help improve the standard of living for the community, and to empower young women with practical skills so as to increase self-employment. The project’s secondary aims were to develop the young women’s independence and to free them from the mentality of perceiving men as their source of income. This study was conducted with a sample of ten young women participating in the Umendomuhle community development project. The findings indicated that participants developed a change in self-esteem by respecting and trusting the self, respecting others, developing values acceptable to community and interpersonal skills. They also developed practical skills like agricultural skills, business skills, and personal finance management.
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- Authors: Zwane, Patricia
- Date: 2009-02-27T07:14:24Z
- Subjects: community education , adult education of women , Black women's education , KwaZulu-Natal ( South Africa )
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8208 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2210
- Description: M.Ed. , This research was conducted in order to elicit and describe the perceptions of a group of young women who have participated in the Umendomuhle Community Education Project as to how it has influenced their lives. The secondary aim was to discover weaknesses and strengths in the project, and to help improve it. The Umendomuhle Community Education Project was initiated in order to increase the number of adult learners at the community centre, to help improve the standard of living for the community, and to empower young women with practical skills so as to increase self-employment. The project’s secondary aims were to develop the young women’s independence and to free them from the mentality of perceiving men as their source of income. This study was conducted with a sample of ten young women participating in the Umendomuhle community development project. The findings indicated that participants developed a change in self-esteem by respecting and trusting the self, respecting others, developing values acceptable to community and interpersonal skills. They also developed practical skills like agricultural skills, business skills, and personal finance management.
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Themes and style in the poetic works of B. Mavuso and other poets
- Authors: Zwane, Noluthando
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Mavuso, Bongani - Criticism and interpretation , Poetry - History and criticism , Poets, South African
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/485051 , uj:44076
- Description: Abstract: Poetry is work of art in which poets express their thoughts, feelings and emotions through oral presentation or writing. According to Tsambo (1999: 2), “poetry is the expression of the life experiences; these life experiences are unfolded or expressed in a variety of themes.” This suggests that, like any other literary genre, poetry is used by poets to convey or communicate their thoughts and feelings in the form of a poem that has one main underlying idea. The conveyed message may not always be clear or easily identified, it may require one to thoroughly read the poem, maybe several times. The aim of this study is to identify themes in B. Mavuso’s two volumes of poetry and other poets works. The chosen volumes from Mavuso are The Undying Spirit of a Dead Man as well as Izimbali Zemfolozi. As much as the study looks at different poets, the emphasis is on Mavuso because the researcher realized that no study has been conducted on the works of this poet. The study focuses on three themes, namely; the theme of love, theme of death as well as historical theme. The aim is to understand how B. Mavuso and other poets present and highlight their themes in poetry. The data was collected with the qualitative research method analysed using the Reader Response Theory. The finding reveal that, when it comes to love, people experience love in different forms. The love shared between family is not the same as love as experienced by friends, or motherly love or even romantic love. The difference is that, these are different love types, and therefore have different characteristics. Again, when it comes to death, it is revealed that death has more power on living people as it causes pain and sorrow to them, but, it is powerless once a person has died because, after death, one becomes an ancestor. it was learned that South African history is very rich and that it is important for one to take time and learn it. Again, it was identified that, as much as history is important, not many poems are written on this theme. When poets write about history, they do so by looking at how things are, currently, and let the reader read between the lines to understand the past from the comparisons made. Poets use poetic techniques to highlight their themes. The techniques that have been identified and discussed in this study are repetitive techniques as well as the writing vi style. In addition, this study may encourage more research to be conducted in Mavuso's works. There are still a lot of literary aspects that can be explored. , M.A. (African Languages)
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- Authors: Zwane, Noluthando
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Mavuso, Bongani - Criticism and interpretation , Poetry - History and criticism , Poets, South African
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/485051 , uj:44076
- Description: Abstract: Poetry is work of art in which poets express their thoughts, feelings and emotions through oral presentation or writing. According to Tsambo (1999: 2), “poetry is the expression of the life experiences; these life experiences are unfolded or expressed in a variety of themes.” This suggests that, like any other literary genre, poetry is used by poets to convey or communicate their thoughts and feelings in the form of a poem that has one main underlying idea. The conveyed message may not always be clear or easily identified, it may require one to thoroughly read the poem, maybe several times. The aim of this study is to identify themes in B. Mavuso’s two volumes of poetry and other poets works. The chosen volumes from Mavuso are The Undying Spirit of a Dead Man as well as Izimbali Zemfolozi. As much as the study looks at different poets, the emphasis is on Mavuso because the researcher realized that no study has been conducted on the works of this poet. The study focuses on three themes, namely; the theme of love, theme of death as well as historical theme. The aim is to understand how B. Mavuso and other poets present and highlight their themes in poetry. The data was collected with the qualitative research method analysed using the Reader Response Theory. The finding reveal that, when it comes to love, people experience love in different forms. The love shared between family is not the same as love as experienced by friends, or motherly love or even romantic love. The difference is that, these are different love types, and therefore have different characteristics. Again, when it comes to death, it is revealed that death has more power on living people as it causes pain and sorrow to them, but, it is powerless once a person has died because, after death, one becomes an ancestor. it was learned that South African history is very rich and that it is important for one to take time and learn it. Again, it was identified that, as much as history is important, not many poems are written on this theme. When poets write about history, they do so by looking at how things are, currently, and let the reader read between the lines to understand the past from the comparisons made. Poets use poetic techniques to highlight their themes. The techniques that have been identified and discussed in this study are repetitive techniques as well as the writing vi style. In addition, this study may encourage more research to be conducted in Mavuso's works. There are still a lot of literary aspects that can be explored. , M.A. (African Languages)
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