Effect of two different resistant training programs on the sprinting performance of men aged 18 to 25
- Authors: Pienaar, Licinda
- Date: 2014-06-02
- Subjects: Sprinting - Physiological aspects , Weight training
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10894
- Description: M.Phil. (Sport & Movement Studies) , Resistance training (RT) is an essential element of fitness for most sports. Most athletic activities involve faster and more powerful movements than those found in maximal strength exercises. Thus athletes could be exceptionally strong but lack explosive power. The aim of the study was to determine the possible effect of two different RT programmes on the sprinting performance of men aged 18–25. Body composition was assessed via anthropometrical measurements and lower extremity power was assessed via vertical jump and the Margaria Kalamen Power Test. Speed and acceleration will be assessed via a 40 meter, 60 meter, 80 meter and 100 meter sprint tests. Thirty athletes were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups n=10 each and a control group n=10). Two different RT programmes (“General”, G and “Specialised”, SP) were applied for eight weeks in the two experimental groups, while the control group (C) had no form of strength training. Both training programmes included two sessions per week, each lasting 60 minutes. Components that were tested included anthropometrical, body composition, lower extremity strength and 1RM measurements in regards to their 40m, 60m, 80m and 100m sprint time. Significant difference between SP, GP and C, at a P-value of 0.05, was determined by a dependant t-test. An independent t-test was used to determine significant difference between the three groups. The results showed that there was a significant improvement on body fat (BF) % in SP (-1.71 ± 0.21), GP (-0.19 ± 0.57) and muscle mass (MM) % in SP (1.88 ± 3.23). There was a significant difference in explosive power (MK) for the specialised group (p=0.013) and the 60m sprint for the specialised group (p=0.047). One repetition maximum (1RM) bench press (p=0.005 SP and GP), 1RM deadlift (p=0.005 SP), 1RM power clean (p=0.005 SP) and 1RM squat (p=0.005 GP) improved in the relevant groups as indicated. There was a significant difference between the groups completing a 60m sprint (p=0.022), 80m sprint (p=0.057), 100m sprint (p=0.025) and 1RM bench strength test (p=0.007) at post-test. Positive correlations were found between MM% on 60m (p=0.021), 80m (p=0.01) and 100m (p=0.019) sprinting times and MK and 40m (p=0.015) sprinting time.
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- Authors: Pienaar, Licinda
- Date: 2014-06-02
- Subjects: Sprinting - Physiological aspects , Weight training
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10894
- Description: M.Phil. (Sport & Movement Studies) , Resistance training (RT) is an essential element of fitness for most sports. Most athletic activities involve faster and more powerful movements than those found in maximal strength exercises. Thus athletes could be exceptionally strong but lack explosive power. The aim of the study was to determine the possible effect of two different RT programmes on the sprinting performance of men aged 18–25. Body composition was assessed via anthropometrical measurements and lower extremity power was assessed via vertical jump and the Margaria Kalamen Power Test. Speed and acceleration will be assessed via a 40 meter, 60 meter, 80 meter and 100 meter sprint tests. Thirty athletes were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups n=10 each and a control group n=10). Two different RT programmes (“General”, G and “Specialised”, SP) were applied for eight weeks in the two experimental groups, while the control group (C) had no form of strength training. Both training programmes included two sessions per week, each lasting 60 minutes. Components that were tested included anthropometrical, body composition, lower extremity strength and 1RM measurements in regards to their 40m, 60m, 80m and 100m sprint time. Significant difference between SP, GP and C, at a P-value of 0.05, was determined by a dependant t-test. An independent t-test was used to determine significant difference between the three groups. The results showed that there was a significant improvement on body fat (BF) % in SP (-1.71 ± 0.21), GP (-0.19 ± 0.57) and muscle mass (MM) % in SP (1.88 ± 3.23). There was a significant difference in explosive power (MK) for the specialised group (p=0.013) and the 60m sprint for the specialised group (p=0.047). One repetition maximum (1RM) bench press (p=0.005 SP and GP), 1RM deadlift (p=0.005 SP), 1RM power clean (p=0.005 SP) and 1RM squat (p=0.005 GP) improved in the relevant groups as indicated. There was a significant difference between the groups completing a 60m sprint (p=0.022), 80m sprint (p=0.057), 100m sprint (p=0.025) and 1RM bench strength test (p=0.007) at post-test. Positive correlations were found between MM% on 60m (p=0.021), 80m (p=0.01) and 100m (p=0.019) sprinting times and MK and 40m (p=0.015) sprinting time.
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Effects of upper body resistance training on pulmonary function in sedentary male smokers
- Authors: Shaw, Ina
- Date: 2008-10-27T06:42:47Z
- Subjects: Pulmonary function tests , Weight training , Spirometry , Men's tobacco use
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13421 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1344
- Description: M.Phil. , The effects of an upper body resistance training (UBRT) programme on spirometry values are not well documented or researched. The sparse number of studies that have focussed on this topic have generated inconclusive data on the effects of UBRT on pulmonary function. The present investigation made use of an eight-week UBRT programme in order to evaluate whether this would yield significant changes with regards to the following spirometry values: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 25% of forced expiratory flow (FEF-25), 50% of forced expiratory flow (FEF-50), 75% of forced expiratory flow (FEF-75), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), vital capacity (VC), inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), FEV1/VC ratio, expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and minute ventilation (VE). The study made use of 36 sedentary but healthy male smokers (mean age: 33 years and 6 months), who were assigned into either a non-exercising control (CG) (n = 18) or exercising experimental (EG) (n = 18) group. A seven-day smoking analysis was recorded for both the EG and CG before and after the eight-week experimental period in order to control for any changes that might have occurred with regards to their smoking behaviour in an attempt to account for any changes in pulmonary function. The EG group were assigned to exercise for eight-weeks three times weekly on non-consecutive days using an UBRT programme. Their spirometry values were assessed at the commencement of and subsequent to the eight-week period. The EG¡¦s training programme consisted of latissimus-dorsi pulls, seated chest press, seated rows, seated shoulder press, shoulder shrugs, bent knee crunches and diagonal crunches. Each exercise was performed for three sets of 15 repetitions each. These exercises were performed at 50% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for the first week, at 60% 1-RM for the second and third week and at 70% 1-RM for the fourth week. Once each subject¡¦s 1-RM was reevaluated after four weeks, the same intensity progression was followed for the fifth (50% 1-RM), sixth (60% 1-RM), seventh (60% 1-RM) and eighth (70% 1-RM) weeks. The CG was instructed to not take part in any structured exercise throughout the eight-week period. The present investigation made use of the dependent and independent paired t-tests. The CG¡¦s FEV1/VC ratio increased significantly (p „T 0.05) by 2.97% and VC decreased significantly by 4.46%, while the EG¡¦s PEF and PIF increased significantly by 12.6% and 13.9%, respectively. No statistically significant changes were found in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF-25, FEF-50 and FEF-75, IVC, ERV and VE for both the EG and CG. Both groups indicated no statistically significant changes in daily cigarette consumption from the pre- to post-tests. The investigation concluded that eight weeks of UBRT was insufficient to result in significantly positive changes in the majority of pulmonary function variables, except for PIF, in sedentary male smokers. , Dr. L. Lategan
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- Authors: Shaw, Ina
- Date: 2008-10-27T06:42:47Z
- Subjects: Pulmonary function tests , Weight training , Spirometry , Men's tobacco use
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13421 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1344
- Description: M.Phil. , The effects of an upper body resistance training (UBRT) programme on spirometry values are not well documented or researched. The sparse number of studies that have focussed on this topic have generated inconclusive data on the effects of UBRT on pulmonary function. The present investigation made use of an eight-week UBRT programme in order to evaluate whether this would yield significant changes with regards to the following spirometry values: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 25% of forced expiratory flow (FEF-25), 50% of forced expiratory flow (FEF-50), 75% of forced expiratory flow (FEF-75), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), vital capacity (VC), inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), FEV1/VC ratio, expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and minute ventilation (VE). The study made use of 36 sedentary but healthy male smokers (mean age: 33 years and 6 months), who were assigned into either a non-exercising control (CG) (n = 18) or exercising experimental (EG) (n = 18) group. A seven-day smoking analysis was recorded for both the EG and CG before and after the eight-week experimental period in order to control for any changes that might have occurred with regards to their smoking behaviour in an attempt to account for any changes in pulmonary function. The EG group were assigned to exercise for eight-weeks three times weekly on non-consecutive days using an UBRT programme. Their spirometry values were assessed at the commencement of and subsequent to the eight-week period. The EG¡¦s training programme consisted of latissimus-dorsi pulls, seated chest press, seated rows, seated shoulder press, shoulder shrugs, bent knee crunches and diagonal crunches. Each exercise was performed for three sets of 15 repetitions each. These exercises were performed at 50% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for the first week, at 60% 1-RM for the second and third week and at 70% 1-RM for the fourth week. Once each subject¡¦s 1-RM was reevaluated after four weeks, the same intensity progression was followed for the fifth (50% 1-RM), sixth (60% 1-RM), seventh (60% 1-RM) and eighth (70% 1-RM) weeks. The CG was instructed to not take part in any structured exercise throughout the eight-week period. The present investigation made use of the dependent and independent paired t-tests. The CG¡¦s FEV1/VC ratio increased significantly (p „T 0.05) by 2.97% and VC decreased significantly by 4.46%, while the EG¡¦s PEF and PIF increased significantly by 12.6% and 13.9%, respectively. No statistically significant changes were found in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF-25, FEF-50 and FEF-75, IVC, ERV and VE for both the EG and CG. Both groups indicated no statistically significant changes in daily cigarette consumption from the pre- to post-tests. The investigation concluded that eight weeks of UBRT was insufficient to result in significantly positive changes in the majority of pulmonary function variables, except for PIF, in sedentary male smokers. , Dr. L. Lategan
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Comparison of eight-week muscle endurance and hypertrophy resistance training on cardiopulmonary risk factor reduction
- Authors: Turner, Stacey
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cardiovascular system - Diseases , Lungs - Diseases , Muscle strength , Weight training , Physical fitness - Health aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/273439 , uj:29130
- Description: M.Phil. (Sport Science) , Abstract: Degenerative lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebral vascular attack, cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases (CPD) are a specific cluster of physiological disorders that account for the rising global mortality rate. Many forms of CPD can potentially result in death. However, some are preventable with the correct treatment and management of the risk factors. These modifiable risk factors can be addressed through various lifestyle interventions, such as engaging in regular physical activity, body mass/fat loss, reduced tobacco use, stress management, maintaining normal blood pressure and ensuring normal cholesterol levels. Of particular importance is the role that physical activity plays in reducing CPD risk, not only for its direct benefits, but also for its role in indirectly improving other risk factors (i.e. physical activity’s role in reducing overweight/obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, etc.). In this regard, it has previously been found that there is a high prevalence of physical inactivity in urban areas (66.5%), due to the technological advances, private transport and automatic machinery, further increasing the prevalence of CPD risk factors and CPD. Problematically, the effects of resistance training on reducing CPD and its related risk factors has only recently gained the attention of health professionals and researchers and has therefore not been researched as in-depth as aerobic training. Due to the various physical and functional adaptations induced by the various modes of resistance training, such as amplified muscular strength and muscle mass, as well as enhanced neuromuscular control and coordination, it is essential to understand which mode of training is most effective in reducing the risk factors associated with CPD. As such, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of muscle endurance and hypertrophy resistance training on cardiopulmonary risk factor reduction in an attempt to minimalise the ever-increasing mortality and morbidity rates associated with CPD. 42 sedentary males were divided into two exercise groups hypertrophy training group (n=15) and a muscle endurance training group (n=13) as well as a non-exercising control group (n=14). The two exercise groups completed their respective one-hour training sessions held three days a week every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for eight weeks, whilst the non-exercising control group continued with their daily routine. The following evaluations were completed during both pre- and post-tests: smoking recall, dietary evaluation, alcohol recall, psychological evaluation, cardiovascular evaluation, haematological...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Turner, Stacey
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cardiovascular system - Diseases , Lungs - Diseases , Muscle strength , Weight training , Physical fitness - Health aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/273439 , uj:29130
- Description: M.Phil. (Sport Science) , Abstract: Degenerative lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebral vascular attack, cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases (CPD) are a specific cluster of physiological disorders that account for the rising global mortality rate. Many forms of CPD can potentially result in death. However, some are preventable with the correct treatment and management of the risk factors. These modifiable risk factors can be addressed through various lifestyle interventions, such as engaging in regular physical activity, body mass/fat loss, reduced tobacco use, stress management, maintaining normal blood pressure and ensuring normal cholesterol levels. Of particular importance is the role that physical activity plays in reducing CPD risk, not only for its direct benefits, but also for its role in indirectly improving other risk factors (i.e. physical activity’s role in reducing overweight/obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, etc.). In this regard, it has previously been found that there is a high prevalence of physical inactivity in urban areas (66.5%), due to the technological advances, private transport and automatic machinery, further increasing the prevalence of CPD risk factors and CPD. Problematically, the effects of resistance training on reducing CPD and its related risk factors has only recently gained the attention of health professionals and researchers and has therefore not been researched as in-depth as aerobic training. Due to the various physical and functional adaptations induced by the various modes of resistance training, such as amplified muscular strength and muscle mass, as well as enhanced neuromuscular control and coordination, it is essential to understand which mode of training is most effective in reducing the risk factors associated with CPD. As such, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of muscle endurance and hypertrophy resistance training on cardiopulmonary risk factor reduction in an attempt to minimalise the ever-increasing mortality and morbidity rates associated with CPD. 42 sedentary males were divided into two exercise groups hypertrophy training group (n=15) and a muscle endurance training group (n=13) as well as a non-exercising control group (n=14). The two exercise groups completed their respective one-hour training sessions held three days a week every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for eight weeks, whilst the non-exercising control group continued with their daily routine. The following evaluations were completed during both pre- and post-tests: smoking recall, dietary evaluation, alcohol recall, psychological evaluation, cardiovascular evaluation, haematological...
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