An analysis of the South African Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) policy implementation paradigm
- Authors: Forshaw, Pauline
- Date: 2012-06-06
- Subjects: Transportation and state - South Africa , Transportation - South Africa , Urban policy - South Africa , Transportation - Passenger traffic - Planning
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2526 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4981
- Description: M.Phil. , Considerable research on public policymaking has been carried out over the years. A number of theoretical frameworks have been developed to try to understand the complexities of the policy process. Nevertheless, the implementation of policy remains, as deLeon and deLeon (2001) state “the most devilish of wicked problems”. It is this wicked problem that this thesis attempts to comprehend a little better in the context of public transport. There is a broadly expressed belief in South Africa that while we have developed some fairly robust public transport policies, we fall down when it comes to the implementation of these policies. However, policies are not equally complex in nature and surely therefore not equally demanding in implementation. While it is accepted that a number of political, economic and social factors are necessary for policy implementation, it is nevertheless hypothesised that the nature and complexity of a policy will influence the paradigm within which implementation will take place. Furthermore, the ‘success’ of the implementation process needs to be located within the context of the specific implementation paradigm. The objective of this thesis has been to (i) identify and (ii) apply an appropriate policy implementation framework or model to the implementation of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) programme in South Africa to understand the BRT policy implementation process that has emerged thus far and whether its very nature and characteristics place it within a certain policy implementation paradigm.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Forshaw, Pauline
- Date: 2012-06-06
- Subjects: Transportation and state - South Africa , Transportation - South Africa , Urban policy - South Africa , Transportation - Passenger traffic - Planning
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2526 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4981
- Description: M.Phil. , Considerable research on public policymaking has been carried out over the years. A number of theoretical frameworks have been developed to try to understand the complexities of the policy process. Nevertheless, the implementation of policy remains, as deLeon and deLeon (2001) state “the most devilish of wicked problems”. It is this wicked problem that this thesis attempts to comprehend a little better in the context of public transport. There is a broadly expressed belief in South Africa that while we have developed some fairly robust public transport policies, we fall down when it comes to the implementation of these policies. However, policies are not equally complex in nature and surely therefore not equally demanding in implementation. While it is accepted that a number of political, economic and social factors are necessary for policy implementation, it is nevertheless hypothesised that the nature and complexity of a policy will influence the paradigm within which implementation will take place. Furthermore, the ‘success’ of the implementation process needs to be located within the context of the specific implementation paradigm. The objective of this thesis has been to (i) identify and (ii) apply an appropriate policy implementation framework or model to the implementation of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) programme in South Africa to understand the BRT policy implementation process that has emerged thus far and whether its very nature and characteristics place it within a certain policy implementation paradigm.
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An evaluation of the impact of the South African public transport policy on the restructuring of the commuter bus industry
- Authors: Naudé, Louis Johannes
- Date: 2012-09-12
- Subjects: Bus lines - South Africa , Transportation and state - South Africa , Transportation - Law and legislation - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10157 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7536
- Description: D.Phil. , The purpose of this thesis was to assess the impact of the new public transport policy direction, with specific reference to competitive tendering, on the transformation and restructuring of the South African commuter bus industry. The main objective of this study was to develop a methodology to guide the transformation and restructuring of the bus industry. This main objective was achieved through the following secondary objectives: A comparison between international transforrnation experiences and the South African bus industry in an effort to develop a methodological basis for the change process; An assessment of the strategic gap in an effort to determine the 'focus of the change process; and The development of a detailed change strategy to guide the transformation process.The policy of spatial separation on racial grounds has played a major role in the development of the bus industry. The industry had shown consistent growth until 1982, but since then a considerable portion of the bus market share was lost to the combi taxi industry. A major conclusion of the study was that the new South African public transport policy is based on international best practices as well as the needs of local stakeholders and the country at large. The focus on integration of planning, modes and resources is of particular significance. Within an integrated transport network the commuter bus will have the opportunity to optimise its potential as safe, reliable and effective mass transport mode. Based on a thorough multiple analysis of the bus industry against various strategic evaluation models, the following major gaps were identified: Ineffective application of public transport modes, especially the commuter bus , in accordance with their unique operating characteristics; Pertinent skills deficiencies at operator and institutional level to successfully manage change in the new competitive environment; Efficiency of the present operations which is well below the required standard to secure tenders; Insufficient knowledge of and preparation for the tender system and its requirements; Insufficient actions to empower members of the previously disadvantaged communities; and Old and ineffective policies, systems and procedures. In support of the strategic gap analysis, various evaluation techniques were used to determine the best possible strategic alternatives. It was found that fundamental change is required to position the bus industry for future challenges. Long term objectives should focus on specific market objectives for the bus in transport networks, gaining of market share, securing alliances, empowerment of small operators and improving effectiveness. The generic strategy to secure tenders should be primarily a low cost leadership strategy. The essence of turnaround strategies should focus on cost reduction, which should largely be achieved through increased efficiency. Other grand strategies include diversification, market development, joint ventures and strategic alliances. Specific short term objectives are to formalise and structure the SABOA Development Foundation as primary vehicle for the empowerment of small and medium sized entrepreneurs in the transport industry and to facilitate further cooperation in the industry to share expertise and resources. Guidelines to adjust operator strategies and to assess empowerment models are also provided to guide operators in the transition process. It is recommended that change methodology be formalised to assist operators in the transition process. Finally it can be concluded that the bus industry can play a leading role in the future transport dispensation if appropriate pro-active action is taken. There is a huge strategic gap between the desired and expected outcomes which requires concerted efforts by the industry as well as the three spheres of government. It is essential that the Moving South Africa strategy be implemented as primary driving force behind the change process.
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- Authors: Naudé, Louis Johannes
- Date: 2012-09-12
- Subjects: Bus lines - South Africa , Transportation and state - South Africa , Transportation - Law and legislation - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10157 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7536
- Description: D.Phil. , The purpose of this thesis was to assess the impact of the new public transport policy direction, with specific reference to competitive tendering, on the transformation and restructuring of the South African commuter bus industry. The main objective of this study was to develop a methodology to guide the transformation and restructuring of the bus industry. This main objective was achieved through the following secondary objectives: A comparison between international transforrnation experiences and the South African bus industry in an effort to develop a methodological basis for the change process; An assessment of the strategic gap in an effort to determine the 'focus of the change process; and The development of a detailed change strategy to guide the transformation process.The policy of spatial separation on racial grounds has played a major role in the development of the bus industry. The industry had shown consistent growth until 1982, but since then a considerable portion of the bus market share was lost to the combi taxi industry. A major conclusion of the study was that the new South African public transport policy is based on international best practices as well as the needs of local stakeholders and the country at large. The focus on integration of planning, modes and resources is of particular significance. Within an integrated transport network the commuter bus will have the opportunity to optimise its potential as safe, reliable and effective mass transport mode. Based on a thorough multiple analysis of the bus industry against various strategic evaluation models, the following major gaps were identified: Ineffective application of public transport modes, especially the commuter bus , in accordance with their unique operating characteristics; Pertinent skills deficiencies at operator and institutional level to successfully manage change in the new competitive environment; Efficiency of the present operations which is well below the required standard to secure tenders; Insufficient knowledge of and preparation for the tender system and its requirements; Insufficient actions to empower members of the previously disadvantaged communities; and Old and ineffective policies, systems and procedures. In support of the strategic gap analysis, various evaluation techniques were used to determine the best possible strategic alternatives. It was found that fundamental change is required to position the bus industry for future challenges. Long term objectives should focus on specific market objectives for the bus in transport networks, gaining of market share, securing alliances, empowerment of small operators and improving effectiveness. The generic strategy to secure tenders should be primarily a low cost leadership strategy. The essence of turnaround strategies should focus on cost reduction, which should largely be achieved through increased efficiency. Other grand strategies include diversification, market development, joint ventures and strategic alliances. Specific short term objectives are to formalise and structure the SABOA Development Foundation as primary vehicle for the empowerment of small and medium sized entrepreneurs in the transport industry and to facilitate further cooperation in the industry to share expertise and resources. Guidelines to adjust operator strategies and to assess empowerment models are also provided to guide operators in the transition process. It is recommended that change methodology be formalised to assist operators in the transition process. Finally it can be concluded that the bus industry can play a leading role in the future transport dispensation if appropriate pro-active action is taken. There is a huge strategic gap between the desired and expected outcomes which requires concerted efforts by the industry as well as the three spheres of government. It is essential that the Moving South Africa strategy be implemented as primary driving force behind the change process.
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Reducing segmentation between the informal and formal sectors in the transport industry
- Authors: Govan, Anjali
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Transportation - South Africa , Transportation and state - South Africa , Transport workers - South Africa , Wages - Transport workers - South Africa , Informal sector (Economics)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/416481 , uj:35232
- Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: The South African transport industry has been volatile presenting drivers of the industry with several impactful actions that have cost them a great amount of grief. The current landscape of the industry is unknown and although there has been an outbreak of violence in recent years, the industry needs assistance in order to grow and be sustainable. The gap in the industry is evident in the informal and formal sector with factors such as wage gaps, education and government intervention affecting the drivers within the transport industry. A qualitative approach was used and interviews were used to collect data. A total of 12 participants were interviewed and data analysis was done using a thematic analysis. The results revealed that over the years, the industry is facing several challenges that are not being addressed. Due to low levels of education or disadvantaged backgrounds, individuals join the industry as drivers and this has influenced the opportunities available to them. Several violent outbreaks have occurred because the contribution made by those who participate in an industry that should thrive and positively influence the economy and its participants has not matched with the benefits they receive. From the perspective of the drivers, the industry should be formalised as this mitigates both the gap and the challenges experienced for both the informal and formal sectors. By formalising the industry, it will ensure the implementation of increased safety measures, provision of benefits to drivers, and the development of the industry.
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- Authors: Govan, Anjali
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Transportation - South Africa , Transportation and state - South Africa , Transport workers - South Africa , Wages - Transport workers - South Africa , Informal sector (Economics)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/416481 , uj:35232
- Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: The South African transport industry has been volatile presenting drivers of the industry with several impactful actions that have cost them a great amount of grief. The current landscape of the industry is unknown and although there has been an outbreak of violence in recent years, the industry needs assistance in order to grow and be sustainable. The gap in the industry is evident in the informal and formal sector with factors such as wage gaps, education and government intervention affecting the drivers within the transport industry. A qualitative approach was used and interviews were used to collect data. A total of 12 participants were interviewed and data analysis was done using a thematic analysis. The results revealed that over the years, the industry is facing several challenges that are not being addressed. Due to low levels of education or disadvantaged backgrounds, individuals join the industry as drivers and this has influenced the opportunities available to them. Several violent outbreaks have occurred because the contribution made by those who participate in an industry that should thrive and positively influence the economy and its participants has not matched with the benefits they receive. From the perspective of the drivers, the industry should be formalised as this mitigates both the gap and the challenges experienced for both the informal and formal sectors. By formalising the industry, it will ensure the implementation of increased safety measures, provision of benefits to drivers, and the development of the industry.
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The impact on public transportation by the growth of informal settlement in South African cities
- Authors: Zulu, Innocent
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Transportation - South Africa - Planning , Local transit - South Africa - Planning , Urban transportation - South Africa - Planning , Transportation and state - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213611 , uj:21174
- Description: Abstract: The purpose of the mini-dissertation was to investigate some of the necessary extents in urban public transportation in South African cities. The preliminary findings show a symbiotic relationship linking informal settlements and public transport whereby issues of spatial planning and land use equally affect both elements. This is explained twofold first; informal settlements continue to increase as South African cities continue to experience rapid urbanisation resulting in lower net urban densities that ultimately make existing public transportation systems unsustainable. Also, unviable due to high costs of maintaining the networks as well as transportation subsidies. Second, due to the apartheid legacy, public transport in South Africa served to promote fragmentation and exclusion of low-income and informal settlements. The overall outcome of this is that inhabitants of informal settlements are forced to make expensive and time consuming journeys to access and enjoy the socioeconomic opportunities and activities offered in urban city centres. The core recommendation from this study is that the “development of a more spatially compact urban form” (Ffc.co.za) in the country’s cities through innovative spatial planning policies that aim to increase densities. , M.Eng. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Zulu, Innocent
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Transportation - South Africa - Planning , Local transit - South Africa - Planning , Urban transportation - South Africa - Planning , Transportation and state - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213611 , uj:21174
- Description: Abstract: The purpose of the mini-dissertation was to investigate some of the necessary extents in urban public transportation in South African cities. The preliminary findings show a symbiotic relationship linking informal settlements and public transport whereby issues of spatial planning and land use equally affect both elements. This is explained twofold first; informal settlements continue to increase as South African cities continue to experience rapid urbanisation resulting in lower net urban densities that ultimately make existing public transportation systems unsustainable. Also, unviable due to high costs of maintaining the networks as well as transportation subsidies. Second, due to the apartheid legacy, public transport in South Africa served to promote fragmentation and exclusion of low-income and informal settlements. The overall outcome of this is that inhabitants of informal settlements are forced to make expensive and time consuming journeys to access and enjoy the socioeconomic opportunities and activities offered in urban city centres. The core recommendation from this study is that the “development of a more spatially compact urban form” (Ffc.co.za) in the country’s cities through innovative spatial planning policies that aim to increase densities. , M.Eng. (Engineering Management)
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