Characterization of functionally graded commercially pure titanium (CPTI) and titanium carbide (TiC) powders
- Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Authors: Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Date: 2015-07-01
- Subjects: Functional graded materials , Laser metal deposition , Titanium , Titanium carbide
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5136 , ISBN 9789881404701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14102
- Description: Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) are advanced materials fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. It belongs to a class of advanced material characterization in which the properties of the material composition is varied. The resulting property of the composite is always different from the properties of the individual material employed in the formation of the composite. They are known to also exhibit good mechanical and chemical properties and as such, are used for different industrial applications. One of the techniques employed in the fabrication of FGMs is called Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) technique. It uses laser beam to melt powder material on a substrate forming a melt pool that solidifies upon cooling. This paper reports on the material characterization of functionally graded Titanium and Titanium Carbide (TiC) powders deposited on Titanium substrate by laser metal deposition approach. The formed deposits were fabricated by varying the processing parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and the powder flow rate. From the result obtained, the microstructures showed that the laser power has much influence on the grain growth of the material. In addition, with the SEM analysis of the microstructure since the percentages of the titanium and titanium carbide were varied, it was observed that the sharp boundaries of the Titanium Carbide were reduced greatly and this resulting effect can be attributed to the thermal effect of the laser. The microstructures further revealed that as the percentage of TiC decreases, it becomes more difficult to see the TiC as a different material in the composite, emphasizing this as one of the best characteristics of functionally graded materials, which is the elimination of sharp interfaces and layers. Furthermore, it was observed that the laser power has great influence on the evolving hardness of the material compared to the TiC content.
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- Authors: Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Date: 2015-07-01
- Subjects: Functional graded materials , Laser metal deposition , Titanium , Titanium carbide
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5136 , ISBN 9789881404701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14102
- Description: Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) are advanced materials fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. It belongs to a class of advanced material characterization in which the properties of the material composition is varied. The resulting property of the composite is always different from the properties of the individual material employed in the formation of the composite. They are known to also exhibit good mechanical and chemical properties and as such, are used for different industrial applications. One of the techniques employed in the fabrication of FGMs is called Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) technique. It uses laser beam to melt powder material on a substrate forming a melt pool that solidifies upon cooling. This paper reports on the material characterization of functionally graded Titanium and Titanium Carbide (TiC) powders deposited on Titanium substrate by laser metal deposition approach. The formed deposits were fabricated by varying the processing parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and the powder flow rate. From the result obtained, the microstructures showed that the laser power has much influence on the grain growth of the material. In addition, with the SEM analysis of the microstructure since the percentages of the titanium and titanium carbide were varied, it was observed that the sharp boundaries of the Titanium Carbide were reduced greatly and this resulting effect can be attributed to the thermal effect of the laser. The microstructures further revealed that as the percentage of TiC decreases, it becomes more difficult to see the TiC as a different material in the composite, emphasizing this as one of the best characteristics of functionally graded materials, which is the elimination of sharp interfaces and layers. Furthermore, it was observed that the laser power has great influence on the evolving hardness of the material compared to the TiC content.
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Microstructural characterization and sliding wear behavior of Cu/TiC copper matrix composites developed using friction stir processing
- Dinaharan, I., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Hattingh, D.G.
- Authors: Dinaharan, I. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Hattingh, D.G.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Copper matrix composites , Friction stir processing , Titanium carbide
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/290698 , uj:31562 , Citation: Dinaharan, I., Akinlabi, E.T. & Hattingh, D.G. 2018. Microstructural characterization and sliding wear behavior of Cu/TiC copper matrix composites developed using friction stir processing.
- Description: Abstract: The relatively new severe plastic deformation method, friction stir processing (FSP) is a cutting-edge process to synthesize surface and bulk metal matrix composites. The present work is focused to produce Cu/TiC copper matrix composites (CMCs) and investigate the microstructure and sliding wear behavior at room temperature without lubrication. In the beginning of the process, TiC particulates were pressed in a machined groove on the surface of copper plates. The dimensions of the groove were altered to produce four different volume fractions of TiC particulates (0, 6, 12, and 18 vol.%). FSP was accomplished by an optimized set of process parameters. The microstructure was observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The microstructures showed a consistent dispersion of TiC particulates in the copper matrix irrespective of the volume fraction. The dispersion was observed to be uniform across the whole stir zone region. The interfacial bonding with the copper was proper. The reinforcement of TiC particulates enhanced the microhardness and led to a reduction the wear rate of the composite remarkably. TiC particulates changed the wear mechanism and the...
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- Authors: Dinaharan, I. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Hattingh, D.G.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Copper matrix composites , Friction stir processing , Titanium carbide
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/290698 , uj:31562 , Citation: Dinaharan, I., Akinlabi, E.T. & Hattingh, D.G. 2018. Microstructural characterization and sliding wear behavior of Cu/TiC copper matrix composites developed using friction stir processing.
- Description: Abstract: The relatively new severe plastic deformation method, friction stir processing (FSP) is a cutting-edge process to synthesize surface and bulk metal matrix composites. The present work is focused to produce Cu/TiC copper matrix composites (CMCs) and investigate the microstructure and sliding wear behavior at room temperature without lubrication. In the beginning of the process, TiC particulates were pressed in a machined groove on the surface of copper plates. The dimensions of the groove were altered to produce four different volume fractions of TiC particulates (0, 6, 12, and 18 vol.%). FSP was accomplished by an optimized set of process parameters. The microstructure was observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The microstructures showed a consistent dispersion of TiC particulates in the copper matrix irrespective of the volume fraction. The dispersion was observed to be uniform across the whole stir zone region. The interfacial bonding with the copper was proper. The reinforcement of TiC particulates enhanced the microhardness and led to a reduction the wear rate of the composite remarkably. TiC particulates changed the wear mechanism and the...
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Microstructural characterization of friction stir lap welds of aluminium incorporated with titanium carbide
- Abegunde, O. O., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Madyira, D. M.
- Authors: Abegunde, O. O. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Madyira, D. M.
- Date: 2015-07-01
- Subjects: Aluminium , Friction stir welding , Titanium carbide , Aluminum
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5123 , ISBN 9789881404701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14085
- Description: In this research study, the characterization of the microstructure evolution of friction stir lap welds (FSLW) of Aluminium incorporated with Titanium Carbide powder to form Aluminium based composites is presented. The Titanium Carbide powder was infused at the weld interface to produce a composite. The FSLW were conducted on an Intelligent Stir Welding for Industry and Research (I-STIR) Process Development System (PDS). Different welding parameters were used for the welding process. Rotational speeds of 1600 rpm and 2000 rpm and transverse speeds of 100 mm/min, 200 mm/min and 300 mm/min were employed. The process parameters were carefully selected to represent a low, medium and high setting for the feed rates. The microstructural evolution of the samples were studied. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to investigate the particle distribution of the welded samples. The results obtained revealed the influence of the welding parameters on the particle distribution of the welded samples. A homogenous mixture of the materials was observed at higher rotational speed of 2000 rpm.
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- Authors: Abegunde, O. O. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Madyira, D. M.
- Date: 2015-07-01
- Subjects: Aluminium , Friction stir welding , Titanium carbide , Aluminum
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5123 , ISBN 9789881404701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14085
- Description: In this research study, the characterization of the microstructure evolution of friction stir lap welds (FSLW) of Aluminium incorporated with Titanium Carbide powder to form Aluminium based composites is presented. The Titanium Carbide powder was infused at the weld interface to produce a composite. The FSLW were conducted on an Intelligent Stir Welding for Industry and Research (I-STIR) Process Development System (PDS). Different welding parameters were used for the welding process. Rotational speeds of 1600 rpm and 2000 rpm and transverse speeds of 100 mm/min, 200 mm/min and 300 mm/min were employed. The process parameters were carefully selected to represent a low, medium and high setting for the feed rates. The microstructural evolution of the samples were studied. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to investigate the particle distribution of the welded samples. The results obtained revealed the influence of the welding parameters on the particle distribution of the welded samples. A homogenous mixture of the materials was observed at higher rotational speed of 2000 rpm.
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Microstructure and mechanical characterization of aa6061/tic in situ aluminium matrix composites synthesized by in situ reaction of silicon carbide and potassium fluotitanate
- Lijay, K. Jeshurun, Selvam, J. David Raja, Dinaharan, I., Vijay, S. J.
- Authors: Lijay, K. Jeshurun , Selvam, J. David Raja , Dinaharan, I. , Vijay, S. J.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Aluminum matrix composite , Titanium carbide , Electron back scatter diagram , Casting
- Language: English
- Type: Conference Proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93786 , uj:20391 , Citation: Lijay, K.J. et al. 2016. Microstructure and mechanical characterization of aa6061/tic in situ aluminium matrix composites synthesized by in situ reaction of silicon carbide and potassium fluotitanate.
- Description: Abstract: In situ method of synthesizing aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) has been widely recognized and followed by researchers due to numerous merits over conventional stir casting. Aluminum alloy AA6061 reinforced with various amounts (0, 2.5 and 5 wt. %) of TiC particles were synthesized by the in situ reaction of inorganic salt K2TiF6 and ceramic particle SiC with molten aluminum. The casting was carried out at an elevated temperature and held for a longer duration to decompose SiC to release carbon atoms. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared AMCs clearly revealed the formation of TiC particles without the occurrence of any other intermetallic compounds. The microstructure of the prepared AA6061/TiC AMCs was studied using field emission scanning electron microscope…
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- Authors: Lijay, K. Jeshurun , Selvam, J. David Raja , Dinaharan, I. , Vijay, S. J.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Aluminum matrix composite , Titanium carbide , Electron back scatter diagram , Casting
- Language: English
- Type: Conference Proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93786 , uj:20391 , Citation: Lijay, K.J. et al. 2016. Microstructure and mechanical characterization of aa6061/tic in situ aluminium matrix composites synthesized by in situ reaction of silicon carbide and potassium fluotitanate.
- Description: Abstract: In situ method of synthesizing aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) has been widely recognized and followed by researchers due to numerous merits over conventional stir casting. Aluminum alloy AA6061 reinforced with various amounts (0, 2.5 and 5 wt. %) of TiC particles were synthesized by the in situ reaction of inorganic salt K2TiF6 and ceramic particle SiC with molten aluminum. The casting was carried out at an elevated temperature and held for a longer duration to decompose SiC to release carbon atoms. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared AMCs clearly revealed the formation of TiC particles without the occurrence of any other intermetallic compounds. The microstructure of the prepared AA6061/TiC AMCs was studied using field emission scanning electron microscope…
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Predicting the influence of process parameters on tensile strength of AA6061/TiC aluminum matrix composites produced using stir casting
- Moses, J. Jebeen, Dinaharan, I., Sekhar, S. Joseph
- Authors: Moses, J. Jebeen , Dinaharan, I. , Sekhar, S. Joseph
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Aluminum matrix composites , Stir casting , Titanium carbide , Tensile strength
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93246 , uj:20322 , Citation: Moses, J. J., Dinaharan, I. & Sekhar, S. J. 2016. Predicting the influence of process parameters on tensile strength of AA6061/TiC aluminum matrix composites produced using stir casting.
- Description: Abstract: Stir casting is an economical method to produce aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). In this work, stir casting was used to produce AA6061/15wt. % TiC AMCs. An empirical relationship was developed to predict the effect of stir casting parameters on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of AA6061/TiC AMCs. A central composite rotatable design consisting of four factors and five levels was used to minimize the number of experiments i.e. castings. The factors considered were stirrer speed, stirring time, blade angle and casting temperature. The effect of those factors on the UTS of AA6061/TiC AMCs was derived using the developed empirical relationship and elucidated using microstructural characterization. Each factor significantly influenced the UTS. A higher or lower values of those factors resulted in poor tensile strength. The variation in the UTS was attributed to porosity content, cluster formation, segregation of TiC particles at the grain boundaries and 2 homogenous distribution in the aluminum matrix. The UTS was high when the porosity content was low and the distribution was homogenous. The present work concludes that a careful selection and control of stir casting parameters are necessary to reduce porosity content and obtain uniform distribution to improve the load bearing capacity of the AA6061/TiC AMCs.
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- Authors: Moses, J. Jebeen , Dinaharan, I. , Sekhar, S. Joseph
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Aluminum matrix composites , Stir casting , Titanium carbide , Tensile strength
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93246 , uj:20322 , Citation: Moses, J. J., Dinaharan, I. & Sekhar, S. J. 2016. Predicting the influence of process parameters on tensile strength of AA6061/TiC aluminum matrix composites produced using stir casting.
- Description: Abstract: Stir casting is an economical method to produce aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). In this work, stir casting was used to produce AA6061/15wt. % TiC AMCs. An empirical relationship was developed to predict the effect of stir casting parameters on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of AA6061/TiC AMCs. A central composite rotatable design consisting of four factors and five levels was used to minimize the number of experiments i.e. castings. The factors considered were stirrer speed, stirring time, blade angle and casting temperature. The effect of those factors on the UTS of AA6061/TiC AMCs was derived using the developed empirical relationship and elucidated using microstructural characterization. Each factor significantly influenced the UTS. A higher or lower values of those factors resulted in poor tensile strength. The variation in the UTS was attributed to porosity content, cluster formation, segregation of TiC particles at the grain boundaries and 2 homogenous distribution in the aluminum matrix. The UTS was high when the porosity content was low and the distribution was homogenous. The present work concludes that a careful selection and control of stir casting parameters are necessary to reduce porosity content and obtain uniform distribution to improve the load bearing capacity of the AA6061/TiC AMCs.
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