Effect of scanning speed on material efficiency of laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V
- Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Mahamood, Rasheedat M., Shukla, Mukul, Pityana, Sisa
- Authors: Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Mahamood, Rasheedat M. , Shukla, Mukul , Pityana, Sisa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Laser Metal Deposition Process , Material efficiency , Titanium alloy , Laser scanning speed
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5337 , ISSN 2010-3778 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8880
- Description: The study of effect of laser scanning speed on material efficiency in Ti6Al4V application is very important because unspent powder is not reusable because of high temperature oxygen pick-up and contamination. This study carried out an extensive study on the effect of scanning speed on material efficiency by varying the speed between 0.01 to 0.1m/sec. The samples are wire brushed and cleaned with acetone after each deposition to remove un-melted particles from the surface of the deposit. The substrate is weighed before and after deposition. A formula was developed to calculate the material efficiency and the scanning speed was compared with the powder efficiency obtained. The results are presented and discussed. The study revealed that the optimum scanning speed exists for this study at 0.01m/sec, above and below which the powder efficiency will drop.
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- Authors: Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Mahamood, Rasheedat M. , Shukla, Mukul , Pityana, Sisa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Laser Metal Deposition Process , Material efficiency , Titanium alloy , Laser scanning speed
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5337 , ISSN 2010-3778 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8880
- Description: The study of effect of laser scanning speed on material efficiency in Ti6Al4V application is very important because unspent powder is not reusable because of high temperature oxygen pick-up and contamination. This study carried out an extensive study on the effect of scanning speed on material efficiency by varying the speed between 0.01 to 0.1m/sec. The samples are wire brushed and cleaned with acetone after each deposition to remove un-melted particles from the surface of the deposit. The substrate is weighed before and after deposition. A formula was developed to calculate the material efficiency and the scanning speed was compared with the powder efficiency obtained. The results are presented and discussed. The study revealed that the optimum scanning speed exists for this study at 0.01m/sec, above and below which the powder efficiency will drop.
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Laser forming of titanium and its alloys – an overview
- Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Shukla, Mukul, Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Authors: Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Shukla, Mukul , Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Titanium , Titanium alloy , Laser beam forming
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5334 , ISSN 2070-3740 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8877
- Description: Laser beam forming is a novel technique developed for the joining of metallic components. In this study, an overview of the laser beam forming process, areas of application, the basic mechanisms of the laser beam forming process, some recent research studies and the need to focus more research effort on improving the laser-material interaction of laser beam forming of titanium and its alloys are presented.
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- Authors: Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Shukla, Mukul , Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Titanium , Titanium alloy , Laser beam forming
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5334 , ISSN 2070-3740 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8877
- Description: Laser beam forming is a novel technique developed for the joining of metallic components. In this study, an overview of the laser beam forming process, areas of application, the basic mechanisms of the laser beam forming process, some recent research studies and the need to focus more research effort on improving the laser-material interaction of laser beam forming of titanium and its alloys are presented.
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Characterizing the effect of processing parameters on the porosity of laser deposited titanium alloy powder
- Mahamood, Rasheedat M., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Shukla, Mukul, Pityana, Sisa
- Authors: Mahamood, Rasheedat M. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Shukla, Mukul , Pityana, Sisa
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Laser metal deposition , Medical implants , Porosity , Processing parameters , Titanium alloy
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4739 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11725
- Description: Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing technique that produces parts layer by layer directly from the Computer Aided Design (CAD) file. Highly customized parts with complex shapes such as medical implants can well be manufactured using the LMD process. LMD has been used to produce a wide range of patient specific (customized) parts. Porous parts are of particular importance as medical implants because they can potentially aid the healing process and proper integration of the implant with the body tissues. In this research porous samples of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) were produced using the LMD process. Spherical shaped Ti6Al4V powder of particle size ranging between 150 to 200 μm was used. The effect of laser power and scanning speed on the shape, size and degree of porosity of the deposited tracks was investigated. The results showed that as the laser power was increased and the scanning speed decreased, the degree of porosity was reduced. The size of the porosity was also found to reduce as the laser power was increased.
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- Authors: Mahamood, Rasheedat M. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Shukla, Mukul , Pityana, Sisa
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Laser metal deposition , Medical implants , Porosity , Processing parameters , Titanium alloy
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4739 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11725
- Description: Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing technique that produces parts layer by layer directly from the Computer Aided Design (CAD) file. Highly customized parts with complex shapes such as medical implants can well be manufactured using the LMD process. LMD has been used to produce a wide range of patient specific (customized) parts. Porous parts are of particular importance as medical implants because they can potentially aid the healing process and proper integration of the implant with the body tissues. In this research porous samples of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) were produced using the LMD process. Spherical shaped Ti6Al4V powder of particle size ranging between 150 to 200 μm was used. The effect of laser power and scanning speed on the shape, size and degree of porosity of the deposited tracks was investigated. The results showed that as the laser power was increased and the scanning speed decreased, the degree of porosity was reduced. The size of the porosity was also found to reduce as the laser power was increased.
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The role of transverse speed on deposition height and material efficiency in laser deposited titanium alloy
- Mahamood, Rasheedat M., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Shukla, Mukul, Pityana, Sisa
- Authors: Mahamood, Rasheedat M. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Shukla, Mukul , Pityana, Sisa
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Additive manufacturing , Laser metal deposition , Material efficiency , Titanium alloy
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4895 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12609
- Description: The most commonly used aerospace titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, was deposited on Ti6Al4V plate of dimension 72 x 72 x5mm. The laser power of 3 kW, powder flow rate of 1.44 g/min and gas flow rate of 4 l/min were used throughout the deposition process. The transverse/ scanning speed was varied between 0.005 to 0.095 m/sec according to established result of the preliminary study that produces full dense and pore free deposits. The mass of the deposited powder was obtained by weight the substrate before deposition and reweighing after deposition. The substrate and the deposits were thoroughly cleaned using wire brush and acetone to remove unmelted powder particles from the surface of the substrate and the deposit. The height and width of the deposits were measured with Venier Caliper and the material efficiencies were determined using developed equations. The effect of the scanning speed on the material efficiency and deposit height were extensively studied and the results showed that for the set of processing parameter used in this study the optimum scanning speed is approximately 0.045 m/sec.
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- Authors: Mahamood, Rasheedat M. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Shukla, Mukul , Pityana, Sisa
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Additive manufacturing , Laser metal deposition , Material efficiency , Titanium alloy
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4895 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12609
- Description: The most commonly used aerospace titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, was deposited on Ti6Al4V plate of dimension 72 x 72 x5mm. The laser power of 3 kW, powder flow rate of 1.44 g/min and gas flow rate of 4 l/min were used throughout the deposition process. The transverse/ scanning speed was varied between 0.005 to 0.095 m/sec according to established result of the preliminary study that produces full dense and pore free deposits. The mass of the deposited powder was obtained by weight the substrate before deposition and reweighing after deposition. The substrate and the deposits were thoroughly cleaned using wire brush and acetone to remove unmelted powder particles from the surface of the substrate and the deposit. The height and width of the deposits were measured with Venier Caliper and the material efficiencies were determined using developed equations. The effect of the scanning speed on the material efficiency and deposit height were extensively studied and the results showed that for the set of processing parameter used in this study the optimum scanning speed is approximately 0.045 m/sec.
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Microstructure evolution and mechanical characterization of friction stir welded titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V using lanthanated tungsten tool
- Mashinini, P. M., Dinaharan, I., Selvama, J. David Raja, Hattingh, D. G.
- Authors: Mashinini, P. M. , Dinaharan, I. , Selvama, J. David Raja , Hattingh, D. G.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Titanium alloy , Friction stir welding , Microstructure
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/273276 , uj:29110 , Citation: Mashinini, P.M. et al. 2018. Microstructure evolution and mechanical characterization of friction stir welded titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V using lanthanated tungsten tool.
- Description: Abstract: Friction stir welding (FSW) exhibits significant advantages to join titanium and its alloys compared to other welding methods. FSW of 3 mm thick titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V sheets was carried out using a lanthanated tungsten alloy tool. The traverse speed was varied from 40 mm/min to 200 mm/min in steps of 80 mm/min by keeping other parameters constant. The microstructure evolution was observed using conventional and advanced characterization techniques. The micrographs revealed a fully developed lamellar structure at 40 mm/min and a recrystallized structure in rest of the joints. An increase in β phase was observed at HAZ while TMAZ showed a distorted structure. The average grain size was observed to reduce with an increase in traverse speed. No tool wear debris was observed in the stir zone while a worm hole defect was noticed at 200 mm/min. Ti–6Al–4V hardened...
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- Authors: Mashinini, P. M. , Dinaharan, I. , Selvama, J. David Raja , Hattingh, D. G.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Titanium alloy , Friction stir welding , Microstructure
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/273276 , uj:29110 , Citation: Mashinini, P.M. et al. 2018. Microstructure evolution and mechanical characterization of friction stir welded titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V using lanthanated tungsten tool.
- Description: Abstract: Friction stir welding (FSW) exhibits significant advantages to join titanium and its alloys compared to other welding methods. FSW of 3 mm thick titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V sheets was carried out using a lanthanated tungsten alloy tool. The traverse speed was varied from 40 mm/min to 200 mm/min in steps of 80 mm/min by keeping other parameters constant. The microstructure evolution was observed using conventional and advanced characterization techniques. The micrographs revealed a fully developed lamellar structure at 40 mm/min and a recrystallized structure in rest of the joints. An increase in β phase was observed at HAZ while TMAZ showed a distorted structure. The average grain size was observed to reduce with an increase in traverse speed. No tool wear debris was observed in the stir zone while a worm hole defect was noticed at 200 mm/min. Ti–6Al–4V hardened...
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Data showing the effects of disc milling time on the composition and morphological transformation of (aþb) titanium alloy (Tie6Ale2Sne2Moe2Cre2Zr-0.25Si) grade
- Ogbonna, Okwudili Simeon, Akinlabi, Stephen A., Madushele, Nkosinathi
- Authors: Ogbonna, Okwudili Simeon , Akinlabi, Stephen A. , Madushele, Nkosinathi
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Titanium alloy , Milling time , SEM
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402429 , uj:33676 , Citation: Ogbonna, O.S., Akinlabi, S.A. & Madushele, N. 2019. Data showing the effects of disc milling time on the composition and morphological transformation of (aþb) titanium alloy (Tie6Ale2Sne2Moe2Cre2Zr-0.25Si) grade. , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104174
- Description: Abstract: In powder metallurgy, dry mechanical milling process is an effective technique employed in the reduction of solid materials into the desired size in the fabrication of materials or components from metal powders for various applications. However, the milling operation introduces changes in the size and shape as well as the elemental or chemical composition of the milled substance. These changes introduced after milling requires critical analyses as the performance and efficiency of fabricated components depend so much on the size, shape and chemical composition of the powders. In this data, the effects of vibratory disc milling on the morphological transformation and elemental composition of titanium alloy powder were observed and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The as received titanium alloy powder was subjected to dry mechanical milling machine rated 380V/50Hz at 940 rpm. Milling time of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mins were adopted in this data collection. SEM and EDS analyses revealed that milling transformed the spherical shaped powders into plate-like shapes. This deformation in the shape of the powder increased with increase in milling time. Also,..
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- Authors: Ogbonna, Okwudili Simeon , Akinlabi, Stephen A. , Madushele, Nkosinathi
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Titanium alloy , Milling time , SEM
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402429 , uj:33676 , Citation: Ogbonna, O.S., Akinlabi, S.A. & Madushele, N. 2019. Data showing the effects of disc milling time on the composition and morphological transformation of (aþb) titanium alloy (Tie6Ale2Sne2Moe2Cre2Zr-0.25Si) grade. , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104174
- Description: Abstract: In powder metallurgy, dry mechanical milling process is an effective technique employed in the reduction of solid materials into the desired size in the fabrication of materials or components from metal powders for various applications. However, the milling operation introduces changes in the size and shape as well as the elemental or chemical composition of the milled substance. These changes introduced after milling requires critical analyses as the performance and efficiency of fabricated components depend so much on the size, shape and chemical composition of the powders. In this data, the effects of vibratory disc milling on the morphological transformation and elemental composition of titanium alloy powder were observed and analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The as received titanium alloy powder was subjected to dry mechanical milling machine rated 380V/50Hz at 940 rpm. Milling time of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mins were adopted in this data collection. SEM and EDS analyses revealed that milling transformed the spherical shaped powders into plate-like shapes. This deformation in the shape of the powder increased with increase in milling time. Also,..
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Surface effect of laser power on microstructural evolution and hardness behaviour of titanium matrix composites
- Ogunlana, Musibau O., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo
- Authors: Ogunlana, Musibau O. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Boron carbide , Laser metal deposition , Titanium alloy
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/92390 , uj:20224 , Citation: Ogunlana, M.O., & Akinlabi, E.L. 2016. Surface effect of laser power on microstructural evolution and hardness behaviour of titanium matrix composites.
- Description: Abstract: In this paper, Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) powder and boron carbide (B4C) powder metal matrix composites (MMCs) were embedded on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) substrate using laser metal deposition (LMD). The laser power was varied between 800 W and 2400 W at an interval of 200 W while all other processing parameters were kept constant. The maximum capacity of the laser system is 3.0 KW which provides beam size of 4 mm for the control characterization of the deposited samples. The microstructural properties of the deposited samples were profound with α and β (intermetallic phase of α+β) of titanium alloy and boron carbide particles. The optical microscope (OM) was employed to characterise the grain sizes and microstructures. The microhardness were characterized using the Vickers’ hardness indenter in which the microhardness of the composites revealed an increase in the samples as the laser power increases. The hardness were observed to be between 371Hv and 471Hv for the cladded samples when compared to the substrate with approximately 360Hv.
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- Authors: Ogunlana, Musibau O. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Boron carbide , Laser metal deposition , Titanium alloy
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/92390 , uj:20224 , Citation: Ogunlana, M.O., & Akinlabi, E.L. 2016. Surface effect of laser power on microstructural evolution and hardness behaviour of titanium matrix composites.
- Description: Abstract: In this paper, Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) powder and boron carbide (B4C) powder metal matrix composites (MMCs) were embedded on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) substrate using laser metal deposition (LMD). The laser power was varied between 800 W and 2400 W at an interval of 200 W while all other processing parameters were kept constant. The maximum capacity of the laser system is 3.0 KW which provides beam size of 4 mm for the control characterization of the deposited samples. The microstructural properties of the deposited samples were profound with α and β (intermetallic phase of α+β) of titanium alloy and boron carbide particles. The optical microscope (OM) was employed to characterise the grain sizes and microstructures. The microhardness were characterized using the Vickers’ hardness indenter in which the microhardness of the composites revealed an increase in the samples as the laser power increases. The hardness were observed to be between 371Hv and 471Hv for the cladded samples when compared to the substrate with approximately 360Hv.
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