A study to compare the effect of spinal manipulation versus mobilization on hamstring muscle strength
- Authors: Aaron, Kevin
- Date: 2013-12-09
- Subjects: Muscle strength , Hamstring muscle , Spinal adjustment , Physical therapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8703
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects of spinal manipulation versus mobilization of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac (SI) joints on the contractile strength of the hamstring muscle group with regards to strength and flexibility. Method: This study consisted of 2 groups of 15 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years of age. Males and females were first separated to ensure equal male to female ratios within each group. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of treatment administered to each group was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received spinal manipulation directed towards restrictions located within the lumbar spine and/or SI joints. Group 2 received spinal mobilization directed towards restrictions located within the lumbar spine and/or SI joints. Procedure: Treatment consisted of 4 treatment sessions with an additional follow up visit over a 2 week period. Objective data was recorded on visit 1 before and after treatment, visit 3 before and after treatment and on visit 5 in which there was no treatment administered, its purpose was purely to obtain measurements. The measurements were taken in this way in order to determine immediate as well as medium term changes. Objective data consisted of hamstring muscle strength readings taken using a handheld dynamometer and hamstring muscle flexibility readings taken using a digital inclinometer. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. The manipulation and mobilization techniques used were directed towards dysfunctional joints within the lumbar spine and/or SI regions, which were detected by motion palpation. Results: Regarding muscle strength, statistically significant results were noted in Group 1 at visits 1 and 3 on both the right and left sides when determining the immediate effects of the treatment. Medium term changes were seen during the time interval between visits 1 and 3, as well as between visits 1 and 5 bilaterally. When determining the immediate effects of the treatment, Group 2 did not demonstrate muscle strength changes at visit 1 on the right, however statistically significant results were found at visit 3 on the right as well as at visits 1 and 3 on the left. Medium term changes were seen during the time interval between visits 1 and 3, as well as between visits 1 and 5 bilaterally. Manipulation and mobilization were shown to have a statistically significant effect on hamstring muscle strength, although manipulation was shown to have a more beneficial effect on muscle strength both immediately and over time, though this was only found on the left. Regarding muscle flexibility, statistically significant results were noted in Group 1 on both right and left sides at visits 1 and 3 when determining the immediate effects of the treatment. Statistically significant changes only occurred on the left between visits 1 and 5 when determining the medium term effects of the treatment. Group 2 showed statistically significant changes at visit 3 on the right as well as at visits 1 and 3 on the left when determining the immediate effects of the treatment. When determining the medium term effects of the treatment no statistically significant changes were found over the duration of the study. There was no difference found between the groups in terms of the effect that the treatment had on hamstring muscle flexibility, although isolated improvements occurred over time in the manipulation group. Conclusion: The results show that both manipulation and mobilization have a statistically significant effect on hamstring muscle strength. However, manipulation was shown to have a more significant effect. Changes in hamstring muscle flexibility were found to occur immediately and over time in the manipulation group, however only immediate effects were noted in the mobilization group. Therefore, when compared to mobilization, manipulation appears to have a greater effect on hamstring muscle strength and flexibility.
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- Authors: Aaron, Kevin
- Date: 2013-12-09
- Subjects: Muscle strength , Hamstring muscle , Spinal adjustment , Physical therapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8703
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects of spinal manipulation versus mobilization of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac (SI) joints on the contractile strength of the hamstring muscle group with regards to strength and flexibility. Method: This study consisted of 2 groups of 15 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years of age. Males and females were first separated to ensure equal male to female ratios within each group. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of treatment administered to each group was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received spinal manipulation directed towards restrictions located within the lumbar spine and/or SI joints. Group 2 received spinal mobilization directed towards restrictions located within the lumbar spine and/or SI joints. Procedure: Treatment consisted of 4 treatment sessions with an additional follow up visit over a 2 week period. Objective data was recorded on visit 1 before and after treatment, visit 3 before and after treatment and on visit 5 in which there was no treatment administered, its purpose was purely to obtain measurements. The measurements were taken in this way in order to determine immediate as well as medium term changes. Objective data consisted of hamstring muscle strength readings taken using a handheld dynamometer and hamstring muscle flexibility readings taken using a digital inclinometer. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. The manipulation and mobilization techniques used were directed towards dysfunctional joints within the lumbar spine and/or SI regions, which were detected by motion palpation. Results: Regarding muscle strength, statistically significant results were noted in Group 1 at visits 1 and 3 on both the right and left sides when determining the immediate effects of the treatment. Medium term changes were seen during the time interval between visits 1 and 3, as well as between visits 1 and 5 bilaterally. When determining the immediate effects of the treatment, Group 2 did not demonstrate muscle strength changes at visit 1 on the right, however statistically significant results were found at visit 3 on the right as well as at visits 1 and 3 on the left. Medium term changes were seen during the time interval between visits 1 and 3, as well as between visits 1 and 5 bilaterally. Manipulation and mobilization were shown to have a statistically significant effect on hamstring muscle strength, although manipulation was shown to have a more beneficial effect on muscle strength both immediately and over time, though this was only found on the left. Regarding muscle flexibility, statistically significant results were noted in Group 1 on both right and left sides at visits 1 and 3 when determining the immediate effects of the treatment. Statistically significant changes only occurred on the left between visits 1 and 5 when determining the medium term effects of the treatment. Group 2 showed statistically significant changes at visit 3 on the right as well as at visits 1 and 3 on the left when determining the immediate effects of the treatment. When determining the medium term effects of the treatment no statistically significant changes were found over the duration of the study. There was no difference found between the groups in terms of the effect that the treatment had on hamstring muscle flexibility, although isolated improvements occurred over time in the manipulation group. Conclusion: The results show that both manipulation and mobilization have a statistically significant effect on hamstring muscle strength. However, manipulation was shown to have a more significant effect. Changes in hamstring muscle flexibility were found to occur immediately and over time in the manipulation group, however only immediate effects were noted in the mobilization group. Therefore, when compared to mobilization, manipulation appears to have a greater effect on hamstring muscle strength and flexibility.
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Cervical spine manipulation versus proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation of the cervical spine in the treatment of mechanical neck pain
- Authors: Anderson, Brittany Chandré
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Stretch (Physiology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364875 , uj:12569 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12360
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Aim of this study was to compare which treatment either Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation or chiropractic manipulation, whether by itself or in combination, was more effective and beneficial in the treatment of mechanical neck pain. The effectiveness was measured by the use of a Visual Analogue Scale, Vernon- Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index questionnaire and the measurement of cervical spine range of motion using an analogous cervical spine range of motion inclinometer (CROM). The questionnaire and the measurements were taken prior to the treatments at the first, fourth and seventh consultations.Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly placed into three groups of equal size (10 participants each). Group one received a Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching protocol to the cervical spine. Group two received a chiropractic manipulation to the cervical spine. Group three received a combination treatment, first receiving chiropractic manipulation and then a PNF stretching protocol to the cervical spine. Participants were treated six times out of a total of seven sessions, over a maximum of a three week period.Subjective data was collected at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. This was done by means of a Visual Analogue Scale and a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire, in order to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected by means of measuring cervical spine range of motion using a cervical range of motion (CROM) inclinometer. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician from STATKON, a department of the University of Johannesburg.Clinically significant improvements in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were noted over the duration of the study with reference to pain and disability. Statistically significant changes were seen in all three groups with reference to pain and disability. Group 3 was shown to improve the most with regard to pain and disability. Group 1 had statistically significant improvement with regard to cervical range of motion in the ranges of left and right rotation. Group 2 experienced a decrease range of cervical motion with regard to extension. As the study consisted of a small group of participants further, more extensive studies are needed...
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- Authors: Anderson, Brittany Chandré
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Stretch (Physiology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364875 , uj:12569 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12360
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Aim of this study was to compare which treatment either Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation or chiropractic manipulation, whether by itself or in combination, was more effective and beneficial in the treatment of mechanical neck pain. The effectiveness was measured by the use of a Visual Analogue Scale, Vernon- Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index questionnaire and the measurement of cervical spine range of motion using an analogous cervical spine range of motion inclinometer (CROM). The questionnaire and the measurements were taken prior to the treatments at the first, fourth and seventh consultations.Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly placed into three groups of equal size (10 participants each). Group one received a Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching protocol to the cervical spine. Group two received a chiropractic manipulation to the cervical spine. Group three received a combination treatment, first receiving chiropractic manipulation and then a PNF stretching protocol to the cervical spine. Participants were treated six times out of a total of seven sessions, over a maximum of a three week period.Subjective data was collected at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. This was done by means of a Visual Analogue Scale and a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire, in order to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected by means of measuring cervical spine range of motion using a cervical range of motion (CROM) inclinometer. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician from STATKON, a department of the University of Johannesburg.Clinically significant improvements in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were noted over the duration of the study with reference to pain and disability. Statistically significant changes were seen in all three groups with reference to pain and disability. Group 3 was shown to improve the most with regard to pain and disability. Group 1 had statistically significant improvement with regard to cervical range of motion in the ranges of left and right rotation. Group 2 experienced a decrease range of cervical motion with regard to extension. As the study consisted of a small group of participants further, more extensive studies are needed...
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The effects of chiropractic manipulative therapy and therapeutic ultrasound therapy in chronic mechanical lower back pain
- Authors: Arundale, Kerry
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Ultrasonics in medicine
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7447 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8307
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The aim of this study is to compare Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy of the lumbar spine combined with Therapeutic Ultrasound Therapy over the adjacent lumbar paraspinal muscles to ascertain the most effective protocol in the treatment of Chronic Mechanical Lower Back Pain. Thirty participants with Chronic Mechanical Lower Back Pain between the ages of 18 and 35 years were recruited. Successful participants were randomly placed in two groups, of fifteen participants each, which would receive different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group One received Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy to lumbar spine restrictions. Group Two received Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy to the lumbar spine restrictions as well as Therapeutic Ultrasound Therapy to the adjacent paraspinal muscles. The participants completed a total of seven visits, including 6 treatments over 3 weeks. Subjective and Objective readings were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Subjective readings from each participant were recorded using the Oswestry Disability Iindex and Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective readings were taken and recorded three times consecutively using a Pressure Algometer over the adjacent lumbar paraspinal muscles and a Digital Inclinometer to measure lumbar spine range of motions. The statistical data was analysed using the Friedman test, Mann-Whitney test and the Bonferroni test. The results demonstrated overall that both groups responded favourably to their specific treatment protocols, however no significant differences between groups was noted, highlighting the positive effects of the manipulation alone.
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- Authors: Arundale, Kerry
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Ultrasonics in medicine
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7447 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8307
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The aim of this study is to compare Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy of the lumbar spine combined with Therapeutic Ultrasound Therapy over the adjacent lumbar paraspinal muscles to ascertain the most effective protocol in the treatment of Chronic Mechanical Lower Back Pain. Thirty participants with Chronic Mechanical Lower Back Pain between the ages of 18 and 35 years were recruited. Successful participants were randomly placed in two groups, of fifteen participants each, which would receive different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group One received Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy to lumbar spine restrictions. Group Two received Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy to the lumbar spine restrictions as well as Therapeutic Ultrasound Therapy to the adjacent paraspinal muscles. The participants completed a total of seven visits, including 6 treatments over 3 weeks. Subjective and Objective readings were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Subjective readings from each participant were recorded using the Oswestry Disability Iindex and Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective readings were taken and recorded three times consecutively using a Pressure Algometer over the adjacent lumbar paraspinal muscles and a Digital Inclinometer to measure lumbar spine range of motions. The statistical data was analysed using the Friedman test, Mann-Whitney test and the Bonferroni test. The results demonstrated overall that both groups responded favourably to their specific treatment protocols, however no significant differences between groups was noted, highlighting the positive effects of the manipulation alone.
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The effectiveness of thoracic versus cervical spine manipulative therapy in the treatment of chronic neck pain
- Authors: Benjamin, Monique Michelle
- Date: 2012-10-24
- Subjects: Thoracic vertebrae , Cevical vertebrae , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10427 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7892
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Posterior mechanical neck pain is considered a debilitating musculoskeletal problem and is one of the most common reasons for visiting an emergency sector (Murphy, 2000). This study aims to compare the effects of Chiropractic manipulative therapy directed at the thoracic spine to that directed at the cervical spine for the treatment of chronic neck pain with regards to pain, disability and cervical range of motion. Method: This study was a comparative study and consisted of two groups of fifteen. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, with a half male to female ratio. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of treatment administered to each participant was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to restriction(s) of the upper thoracic region only. Group 2 received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to restriction(s) of the cervical spine only. Objective and subjective findings were based on the above treatment protocols. Procedure: Treatment consisted of six treatment consultations with an additional follow up consultation over a three week period, with two consultations being performed per week interval. Objective and subjective readings were taken at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Subjective readings were taken from the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index as well as from the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Objective readings were taken from measurements taken from the Cervical Range of Motion device (CROM). Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. The Chiropractic manipulative techniques used were based on restrictions identified during motion palpation and were applied at the first six consultations, with the seventh consultation consisting of data gathering only. Results: Clinically significant improvements in both Group 1 and Group 2 were seen over the course of the study with regards to cervical spine range of motion, pain and disability. However group 1 showed greater statistically significant improvements in their mean cervical range of motion whereas group 2 showed a greater statistically significant improvement in their subjective readings of pain and disability.
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- Authors: Benjamin, Monique Michelle
- Date: 2012-10-24
- Subjects: Thoracic vertebrae , Cevical vertebrae , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10427 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7892
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Posterior mechanical neck pain is considered a debilitating musculoskeletal problem and is one of the most common reasons for visiting an emergency sector (Murphy, 2000). This study aims to compare the effects of Chiropractic manipulative therapy directed at the thoracic spine to that directed at the cervical spine for the treatment of chronic neck pain with regards to pain, disability and cervical range of motion. Method: This study was a comparative study and consisted of two groups of fifteen. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, with a half male to female ratio. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of treatment administered to each participant was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to restriction(s) of the upper thoracic region only. Group 2 received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to restriction(s) of the cervical spine only. Objective and subjective findings were based on the above treatment protocols. Procedure: Treatment consisted of six treatment consultations with an additional follow up consultation over a three week period, with two consultations being performed per week interval. Objective and subjective readings were taken at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Subjective readings were taken from the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index as well as from the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Objective readings were taken from measurements taken from the Cervical Range of Motion device (CROM). Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. The Chiropractic manipulative techniques used were based on restrictions identified during motion palpation and were applied at the first six consultations, with the seventh consultation consisting of data gathering only. Results: Clinically significant improvements in both Group 1 and Group 2 were seen over the course of the study with regards to cervical spine range of motion, pain and disability. However group 1 showed greater statistically significant improvements in their mean cervical range of motion whereas group 2 showed a greater statistically significant improvement in their subjective readings of pain and disability.
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The effects of cervical spine manipulation versus soft tissue therapy on gait in individuals with sub-acute neck pain
- Authors: Berger, David
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Gait in humans , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246620 , uj:25581
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: To determine the effects of cervical spine manipulation versus soft tissue therapy, specifically ischemic compression of the suboccipital muscles on gait in individuals with sub-acute neck pain. Method: Thirty participants were divided into two groups of fifteen: a manipulation group and an ischemic compression group. The manipulation group received chiropractic manipulation to the upper cervical spine twice a week for three weeks. The ischemic compression group received ischemic compression of the suboccipital muscles twice a week for three weeks. The Zebris FDM Gait Analysis system was used to measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and functions using high-quality capacitive force sensors that are arranged in matrix form. Both groups also had their gait and pain analysed on visit one, four and seven, using the Zebris FDM gait analysis system and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), before receiving treatment. On visit seven, no treatment was given to either group, only data was collected. Results: With regards to the analysis of the results, intragroup analysis of gait parameters showed that neither cervical spine manipulation nor ischemic compression had any statistical significant effect on any of the spatiotemporal parameters measured. With regards to intragroup analysis of the effects on pain, both cervical spine manipulation and ischemic compression groups showed statistically significant decreases in pain throughout the study. Intergroup analysis showed that there was no statistical significant difference in both spatiotemporal parameters and pain measurements when comparing the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that both cervical spine manipulation and ischemic compression do not have an effect on gait parameters in individuals with subacute neck pain. With regards to pain,..
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- Authors: Berger, David
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Gait in humans , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246620 , uj:25581
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: To determine the effects of cervical spine manipulation versus soft tissue therapy, specifically ischemic compression of the suboccipital muscles on gait in individuals with sub-acute neck pain. Method: Thirty participants were divided into two groups of fifteen: a manipulation group and an ischemic compression group. The manipulation group received chiropractic manipulation to the upper cervical spine twice a week for three weeks. The ischemic compression group received ischemic compression of the suboccipital muscles twice a week for three weeks. The Zebris FDM Gait Analysis system was used to measure gait spatiotemporal parameters and functions using high-quality capacitive force sensors that are arranged in matrix form. Both groups also had their gait and pain analysed on visit one, four and seven, using the Zebris FDM gait analysis system and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), before receiving treatment. On visit seven, no treatment was given to either group, only data was collected. Results: With regards to the analysis of the results, intragroup analysis of gait parameters showed that neither cervical spine manipulation nor ischemic compression had any statistical significant effect on any of the spatiotemporal parameters measured. With regards to intragroup analysis of the effects on pain, both cervical spine manipulation and ischemic compression groups showed statistically significant decreases in pain throughout the study. Intergroup analysis showed that there was no statistical significant difference in both spatiotemporal parameters and pain measurements when comparing the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that both cervical spine manipulation and ischemic compression do not have an effect on gait parameters in individuals with subacute neck pain. With regards to pain,..
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The immediate effect of spinal manipulative therapy on movement time
- Authors: Berry, Hannah Morna
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Motor ability , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124354 , uj:20906
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The primary aim of this study was to explore the immediate effect that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) had on a predefined motor task by measuring the time it took to complete a motor task in asymptomatic individuals, or by assessing the movement time (MT). Movement time is measured using Fitts’ Law. This study also focused on assessing if there was any specific region receiving spinal manipulative therapy that yielded greater results. Method: A total of 100 participants volunteered for this study. There were 52 female participants and 48 male participants that were selected. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 40 years of age. The participants were screened by means of an inclusion and exclusion criteria and those who were eligible, were invited to take part in the study. The participants were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 groups. Each group therefore consisted of 25 participants. Group 1 was the combination group and received SMT to dysfunctional vertebral segments located within the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacroiliac regions. Group 2 received SMT to dysfunctional vertebral segments located within the cervical spine only. Group 3 received SMT to dysfunctional vertebral segments located within the thoracic region and the 4th and final group received SMT to dysfunctional segments located within the lumbar and or sacroiliac regions. Procedure: Due to the nature of the study design, the participants were only required for a single treatment. The participants were required to complete two objective tests, namely the Fitts’ Tapping Task (FTT) and the Generalised Fitts’ Law Model Builder (GFLMB), before any treatment was administered. The researcher then manipulated the dysfunctional vertebral segments that was assessed via motion palpation to the various regions according to each participant’s specific group. The participants were then required to redo the two tests immediately again following treatment... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Berry, Hannah Morna
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Motor ability , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124354 , uj:20906
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The primary aim of this study was to explore the immediate effect that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) had on a predefined motor task by measuring the time it took to complete a motor task in asymptomatic individuals, or by assessing the movement time (MT). Movement time is measured using Fitts’ Law. This study also focused on assessing if there was any specific region receiving spinal manipulative therapy that yielded greater results. Method: A total of 100 participants volunteered for this study. There were 52 female participants and 48 male participants that were selected. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 40 years of age. The participants were screened by means of an inclusion and exclusion criteria and those who were eligible, were invited to take part in the study. The participants were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 groups. Each group therefore consisted of 25 participants. Group 1 was the combination group and received SMT to dysfunctional vertebral segments located within the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacroiliac regions. Group 2 received SMT to dysfunctional vertebral segments located within the cervical spine only. Group 3 received SMT to dysfunctional vertebral segments located within the thoracic region and the 4th and final group received SMT to dysfunctional segments located within the lumbar and or sacroiliac regions. Procedure: Due to the nature of the study design, the participants were only required for a single treatment. The participants were required to complete two objective tests, namely the Fitts’ Tapping Task (FTT) and the Generalised Fitts’ Law Model Builder (GFLMB), before any treatment was administered. The researcher then manipulated the dysfunctional vertebral segments that was assessed via motion palpation to the various regions according to each participant’s specific group. The participants were then required to redo the two tests immediately again following treatment... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effect of lumbar-pelvic spinal manipulative therapy on power output in rowers
- Authors: Berry, Rebecca Ann
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic , Rowers - Health and hygiene , Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226655 , uj:22922
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of lumbar-pelvic spinal manipulative therapy on power output in rowers. Method: Thirty participants, both males and females, between the ages of 18 and 45 years, were separated into two groups of fifteen. Both groups had an equal ratio of eight males and seven females. Group one received spinal manipulative therapy to the lumbar-pelvic region where motion restrictions were located. Group one received three treatments per week for two weeks. Group two did not receive any treatment for the duration of the research study. Both Groups one and two underwent the same data capturing at the first, fourth and seventh consultation. Data capturing consisted of a range of motion assessment while the participant was seated on the ergometer and holding on the handle bar. Flexion and extension of the lumbar-pelvic region were both measured with full extension of the knees. Following range of motion assessment, the average watts was measured by each participant completing a 1000 meter ergometer trial, maintaining the stroke rate between 22 and 24 strokes per minute. Results: The study revealed no statistical significance with intergroup analysis for both the digital inclinometer and ergometer. Intragroup group analysis of Group one revealed a statistically significant increase in power output between the first and fourth consult and between the fourth and seventh consultation. Intragroup analysis of the range of motion data for Group one as well as range of motion and ergometer data for Group two revealed no statistical significance. An overall clinical analysis for the two groups revealed that Group one, the group receiving spinal manipulative therapy, made a drastic improvement in both the range of motion and power output. Group two remained at a relatively plateau level for both range of motion and power output. Conclusion: Although the study revealed no statistical significance when comparing the groups to one another, there was a significant improvement in the power output of Group one, the group that received spinal manipulative therapy. Group one increased in flexion, extension as well as average power output. Group two had a minimal decrease in flexion and extension and a minimal increase in power output. In order to make a definitive conclusion on the effect of spinal manipulative therapy on power output, further research is needed.
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- Authors: Berry, Rebecca Ann
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic , Rowers - Health and hygiene , Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226655 , uj:22922
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of lumbar-pelvic spinal manipulative therapy on power output in rowers. Method: Thirty participants, both males and females, between the ages of 18 and 45 years, were separated into two groups of fifteen. Both groups had an equal ratio of eight males and seven females. Group one received spinal manipulative therapy to the lumbar-pelvic region where motion restrictions were located. Group one received three treatments per week for two weeks. Group two did not receive any treatment for the duration of the research study. Both Groups one and two underwent the same data capturing at the first, fourth and seventh consultation. Data capturing consisted of a range of motion assessment while the participant was seated on the ergometer and holding on the handle bar. Flexion and extension of the lumbar-pelvic region were both measured with full extension of the knees. Following range of motion assessment, the average watts was measured by each participant completing a 1000 meter ergometer trial, maintaining the stroke rate between 22 and 24 strokes per minute. Results: The study revealed no statistical significance with intergroup analysis for both the digital inclinometer and ergometer. Intragroup group analysis of Group one revealed a statistically significant increase in power output between the first and fourth consult and between the fourth and seventh consultation. Intragroup analysis of the range of motion data for Group one as well as range of motion and ergometer data for Group two revealed no statistical significance. An overall clinical analysis for the two groups revealed that Group one, the group receiving spinal manipulative therapy, made a drastic improvement in both the range of motion and power output. Group two remained at a relatively plateau level for both range of motion and power output. Conclusion: Although the study revealed no statistical significance when comparing the groups to one another, there was a significant improvement in the power output of Group one, the group that received spinal manipulative therapy. Group one increased in flexion, extension as well as average power output. Group two had a minimal decrease in flexion and extension and a minimal increase in power output. In order to make a definitive conclusion on the effect of spinal manipulative therapy on power output, further research is needed.
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A comparison between manipulative therapy and fascial treatment in treating fascial line dysfunction of the superficial back line
- Authors: Bezuidenhout, Jacques
- Date: 2011-06-29T06:46:07Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Back massage
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7143 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3734
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: To determine the effect of Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) compared to that of fascial treatment on Superficial back line (SBL) fascial line restrictions. It has been suggested that a fascial line restriction can cause a decrease in performance and lead to over – use injuries. Methods: A randomised study design with thirty asymptomatic male participants, which were moderate to highly active as indicated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Participants were divided into two equal groups, group A (n=15) received Chiropractic SMT of the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, group B (n=15) were treated with Direct Release Myofascial Technique to the restricted SBL. The study design consisted of seven consultations, with intervention being applied at each consultation. Objective data was obtained by the Bunkie test and Range of Motion testing which determined the participant‟s level of endurance and fascial line restriction. Objective data was obtained before and after the first intervention, after intervention on the fourth consultation and on the seventh consultation, which did not include intervention. The short term effect was represented by comparing the before values of consultation one (baseline) to consultation seven. The immediate effect of intervention was represented by the before versus the after measurements of consultations. Results: The objective results showed that there was a short term and immediate improvement in Lumbar range of motion for both groups and a short term and immediate improvement in Bunkie test times of both groups, except for the immediate effect of group B, which decreased the Bunkie test time. With the Bunkie test group A showed an immediate mean improvement of 2.4 seconds (11.3%) on the right and 2.3 seconds (4.9%) on the left. With the Bunkie test group A showed a short term mean improvement of 9 seconds (41.8%) on the right and 10.1 seconds (44.1%) on the left. Group B showed no immediate mean improvement for the Bunkie test and a short term mean improvement of 3.3 seconds (19%) on the right and 2 seconds (10.9%) on the left.
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- Authors: Bezuidenhout, Jacques
- Date: 2011-06-29T06:46:07Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Back massage
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7143 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3734
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: To determine the effect of Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) compared to that of fascial treatment on Superficial back line (SBL) fascial line restrictions. It has been suggested that a fascial line restriction can cause a decrease in performance and lead to over – use injuries. Methods: A randomised study design with thirty asymptomatic male participants, which were moderate to highly active as indicated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Participants were divided into two equal groups, group A (n=15) received Chiropractic SMT of the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, group B (n=15) were treated with Direct Release Myofascial Technique to the restricted SBL. The study design consisted of seven consultations, with intervention being applied at each consultation. Objective data was obtained by the Bunkie test and Range of Motion testing which determined the participant‟s level of endurance and fascial line restriction. Objective data was obtained before and after the first intervention, after intervention on the fourth consultation and on the seventh consultation, which did not include intervention. The short term effect was represented by comparing the before values of consultation one (baseline) to consultation seven. The immediate effect of intervention was represented by the before versus the after measurements of consultations. Results: The objective results showed that there was a short term and immediate improvement in Lumbar range of motion for both groups and a short term and immediate improvement in Bunkie test times of both groups, except for the immediate effect of group B, which decreased the Bunkie test time. With the Bunkie test group A showed an immediate mean improvement of 2.4 seconds (11.3%) on the right and 2.3 seconds (4.9%) on the left. With the Bunkie test group A showed a short term mean improvement of 9 seconds (41.8%) on the right and 10.1 seconds (44.1%) on the left. Group B showed no immediate mean improvement for the Bunkie test and a short term mean improvement of 3.3 seconds (19%) on the right and 2 seconds (10.9%) on the left.
- Full Text:
A case series describing the effect of thoracic manipulation on qEEG
- Authors: Bhamjee, Saeedah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268677 , uj:28524
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the effect of chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine on brain quantitative electro encephalogram (qEEG) readings. Method: A descriptive design following a case series approach was used to record changes in qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic clinic. The study comprised of 10 participants with thoracic motion restrictions. The brainwave activity of each participant was measured and recorded using the qEEG. A pre- manipulation reading was taken, which comprised of the measurement of the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then with their eyes closed. A post-manipulation reading was taken immediately after, also measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. Thirty minutes later a second post manipulation reading was taken, measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. The data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. The results were analysed and described to find the relationship between the manipulation and the different areas of the brain with its associated brain wave activity. Results: Changes of particular interest were found across all three lobes. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe were indicative of a relaxed and reflective state in participants. Changes in the delta and beta waves in the temporal and frontal lobe also showed the manipulations potential to increase the relaxed state in participants. Although, it should be noted that throughout the trial participants were in lying down in a quiet and un-stimulatory environment, which may also have contributed to the changes demonstrated. Conclusion: This study fully describes 10 participants and the manipulation effect on qEEG. Based on the results, chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine does have an effect on qEEG readings. However the motivation behind the results remain inconclusive. A larger group of participants are needed and the variables need to be more controlled to make a definite conclusion and allow for statistical analysis.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bhamjee, Saeedah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268677 , uj:28524
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the effect of chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine on brain quantitative electro encephalogram (qEEG) readings. Method: A descriptive design following a case series approach was used to record changes in qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic clinic. The study comprised of 10 participants with thoracic motion restrictions. The brainwave activity of each participant was measured and recorded using the qEEG. A pre- manipulation reading was taken, which comprised of the measurement of the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then with their eyes closed. A post-manipulation reading was taken immediately after, also measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. Thirty minutes later a second post manipulation reading was taken, measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. The data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. The results were analysed and described to find the relationship between the manipulation and the different areas of the brain with its associated brain wave activity. Results: Changes of particular interest were found across all three lobes. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe were indicative of a relaxed and reflective state in participants. Changes in the delta and beta waves in the temporal and frontal lobe also showed the manipulations potential to increase the relaxed state in participants. Although, it should be noted that throughout the trial participants were in lying down in a quiet and un-stimulatory environment, which may also have contributed to the changes demonstrated. Conclusion: This study fully describes 10 participants and the manipulation effect on qEEG. Based on the results, chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine does have an effect on qEEG readings. However the motivation behind the results remain inconclusive. A larger group of participants are needed and the variables need to be more controlled to make a definite conclusion and allow for statistical analysis.
- Full Text:
Biomechanical pelvic blocking versus segmental drop piece adjustments in the treatment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction
- Authors: Blaauw, Jaco
- Date: 2014-06-02
- Subjects: Sacroiliac joint - Diseases - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11286 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10879
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , To compare the effectiveness of biomechanical pelvic blocking to segmental drop piece adjustments in the treatment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Method: Thirty participants were randomly divided in two equal groups. Group A (n = 15) received biomechanical pelvic blocking and Group B (n = 15) received segmental drop piece adjustments. The trial consisted of seven treatment visits over a period of three weeks, of which the first six were treatment sessions, with the final seventh session serving the purpose of obtaining final post-treatment data. Data was obtained only at the first, fourth, and seventh visits. Subjective data was obtained by having each participant complete a numerical pain rating scale and the oswestry low back pain and disability questionnaire. Objective data consisted of pain pressure threshold over the posterior superior iliac spine by using a pressure algometer. Results: The subjective results showed that there was a decrease in the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) reading scores over the treatment visits for both groups. Group A had a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.000) in the NPRS reading scores between visit 1 and 4, and a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.000) between visit 4 and 7. Group B showed that there was a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.001) from visit 1 to 4, and a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.002) between visit 4 and 7. According to the Mann-Whitney test both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in their NPRS readings over the treatment period (p = 009), however Group A had a greater decrease in pain than Group B when looking at the mean score values. This indicates that both biomechanical pelvic blocking and segmental drop piece adjustments delivered to the dysfunctional sacroiliac joints are effective in decreasing pain. Over time, statistical analysis showed that there was a decrease in oswestry pain and disability for both groups A and B when looking at the Friedmann and Wilcoxon-signed rank test. Group A showed a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.012) from visit 1 to 4, and a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.002) for visit 4 to 7. Group B also showed that from visit 1 to 4, there was a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.001), and from visit 4 to 7 there was a statistically...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Blaauw, Jaco
- Date: 2014-06-02
- Subjects: Sacroiliac joint - Diseases - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11286 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10879
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , To compare the effectiveness of biomechanical pelvic blocking to segmental drop piece adjustments in the treatment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Method: Thirty participants were randomly divided in two equal groups. Group A (n = 15) received biomechanical pelvic blocking and Group B (n = 15) received segmental drop piece adjustments. The trial consisted of seven treatment visits over a period of three weeks, of which the first six were treatment sessions, with the final seventh session serving the purpose of obtaining final post-treatment data. Data was obtained only at the first, fourth, and seventh visits. Subjective data was obtained by having each participant complete a numerical pain rating scale and the oswestry low back pain and disability questionnaire. Objective data consisted of pain pressure threshold over the posterior superior iliac spine by using a pressure algometer. Results: The subjective results showed that there was a decrease in the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) reading scores over the treatment visits for both groups. Group A had a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.000) in the NPRS reading scores between visit 1 and 4, and a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.000) between visit 4 and 7. Group B showed that there was a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.001) from visit 1 to 4, and a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.002) between visit 4 and 7. According to the Mann-Whitney test both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in their NPRS readings over the treatment period (p = 009), however Group A had a greater decrease in pain than Group B when looking at the mean score values. This indicates that both biomechanical pelvic blocking and segmental drop piece adjustments delivered to the dysfunctional sacroiliac joints are effective in decreasing pain. Over time, statistical analysis showed that there was a decrease in oswestry pain and disability for both groups A and B when looking at the Friedmann and Wilcoxon-signed rank test. Group A showed a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.012) from visit 1 to 4, and a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.002) for visit 4 to 7. Group B also showed that from visit 1 to 4, there was a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.001), and from visit 4 to 7 there was a statistically...
- Full Text:
The efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation in combination with spinal manipulative therapy on active trigger points of the trapezius muscle
- Authors: Brits, Michelle Charné
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Myalgia - Chiropractic treatment , Progressive muscle relaxation therapy , Spinal adjustment , Trapezius muscle
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7449 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8309
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: The trapezius muscle is thought to be the muscle most commonly associated with the presence of active myofascial trigger points (MFTP’s). Studies of the trapezius muscle clearly show that muscular activity significantly increases in response to psychological stress. Cervical spine manipulation has been proven to be highly effective in the treatment of active MFTP’s and muscular tension. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) therapy is frequently utilized as a relaxation technique in subjects complaining of increased levels of muscular tension, possibly due to an increased perception of psychological stress. Although cervical spine manipulation alone is effective in the treatment of active MFTP’s and muscular tension, chiropractors often search for adjunctive therapies to improve current treatment protocols. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of cervical spine manipulation and PMR therapy is a more efficient, and possibly effective, treatment protocol for active MFTP’s of the trapezius muscle. Method: This study was a comparative study and consisted of two groups of fifteen participants each. All participants were between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five years of age, with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine. Group B was the combination group and therefore received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine together with the application of PMR therapy. Subjective measurements consisted of a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Questionnaire, Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) and the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire. Objective measurements consisted of pressure pain threshold algometry readings taken from active trigger points one (TP1) and/or trigger point two (TP2) on the right and/or left side of the upper trapezius muscle.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brits, Michelle Charné
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Myalgia - Chiropractic treatment , Progressive muscle relaxation therapy , Spinal adjustment , Trapezius muscle
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7449 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8309
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: The trapezius muscle is thought to be the muscle most commonly associated with the presence of active myofascial trigger points (MFTP’s). Studies of the trapezius muscle clearly show that muscular activity significantly increases in response to psychological stress. Cervical spine manipulation has been proven to be highly effective in the treatment of active MFTP’s and muscular tension. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) therapy is frequently utilized as a relaxation technique in subjects complaining of increased levels of muscular tension, possibly due to an increased perception of psychological stress. Although cervical spine manipulation alone is effective in the treatment of active MFTP’s and muscular tension, chiropractors often search for adjunctive therapies to improve current treatment protocols. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of cervical spine manipulation and PMR therapy is a more efficient, and possibly effective, treatment protocol for active MFTP’s of the trapezius muscle. Method: This study was a comparative study and consisted of two groups of fifteen participants each. All participants were between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five years of age, with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine. Group B was the combination group and therefore received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine together with the application of PMR therapy. Subjective measurements consisted of a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Questionnaire, Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) and the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire. Objective measurements consisted of pressure pain threshold algometry readings taken from active trigger points one (TP1) and/or trigger point two (TP2) on the right and/or left side of the upper trapezius muscle.
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A study to determine the efficacy of cervicothoracic spinal adjustment therapy in the treatment of active trapezius muscle myofascial trigger point dysfunction
- Authors: Carlyle, Nadia
- Date: 2012-08-16
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Trapezius muscle , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5947
- Description: M.Tech. , This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Chiropractic cervicothoracic spinal adjustment therapy in the treatment of active Trapezius myofascial trigger point dysfunction. Thirty participants were recruited and placed into one of two groups. Participants were between the ages of 18 and 30 years and selected based on the inclusion criteria being met. Participants had to present with active upper Trapezius trigger points and a restriction of the cervicothoracic junction. The experimental group received a Chiropractic adjustment to the cervicothoracic junction and the control group received detuned ultrasound as their respective treatments. The participants were treated six times over a 3-week period and measurements were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. A case history, physical examination and cervical regional examination were conducted at the first visit. Objective measurements included pressure algometry readings of Trapezius trigger points 1 and 2 and cervical spine goniometry readings. Subjective measurements included the Vernon Mior Pain Disability Index and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The results were interpreted by Statcon at the University of Johannesburg. The data was analysed using the Mann Whitney test and the Friedman test. According to the tests, the experimental group improved significantly in both the objective and subjective measurements over the seven visits. The control group showed an increase in the objective measurements and a decrease in the subjective measurements over the seven visits. This was found to be statistically insignificant. This study concluded that a Chiropractic adjustment to the cervicothoracic junction is effective in the treatment of upper Trapezius trigger points
- Full Text:
- Authors: Carlyle, Nadia
- Date: 2012-08-16
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Trapezius muscle , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5947
- Description: M.Tech. , This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Chiropractic cervicothoracic spinal adjustment therapy in the treatment of active Trapezius myofascial trigger point dysfunction. Thirty participants were recruited and placed into one of two groups. Participants were between the ages of 18 and 30 years and selected based on the inclusion criteria being met. Participants had to present with active upper Trapezius trigger points and a restriction of the cervicothoracic junction. The experimental group received a Chiropractic adjustment to the cervicothoracic junction and the control group received detuned ultrasound as their respective treatments. The participants were treated six times over a 3-week period and measurements were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. A case history, physical examination and cervical regional examination were conducted at the first visit. Objective measurements included pressure algometry readings of Trapezius trigger points 1 and 2 and cervical spine goniometry readings. Subjective measurements included the Vernon Mior Pain Disability Index and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The results were interpreted by Statcon at the University of Johannesburg. The data was analysed using the Mann Whitney test and the Friedman test. According to the tests, the experimental group improved significantly in both the objective and subjective measurements over the seven visits. The control group showed an increase in the objective measurements and a decrease in the subjective measurements over the seven visits. This was found to be statistically insignificant. This study concluded that a Chiropractic adjustment to the cervicothoracic junction is effective in the treatment of upper Trapezius trigger points
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Dry needling versus cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling of infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points
- Authors: Cloete, Gert
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Dry needling therapy , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Acupuncture , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7450 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8310
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dry needling with cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling, in the treatment of infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points. Study Design: This was a randomized experimental study Setting: The participants were treated at the University of Johannesburg chiropractic day clinic Subjects: 30 participants volunteered for the study. The participants were divided into groups by randomly drawing thirty numbers from a hat, and placing them into two groups: either dry needling combined with spinal manipulation (group 1) or dry needling only (group 2). Participants had to be between eighteen and fifty years old and they could have been male or female. Participants had to present with active infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points and also had to present with shoulder or lateral arm pain reproduced by infraspinatus trigger point palpation. Method: Participants were either treated using dry needling only or dry needling combined with spinal manipulation. There were seven consultations. The first six consultations were treatment consultations. Measurements were taken at consultations one, four and seven. Results: The results indicate statistically that participants who had dry needling on its own had a faster increased pressure pain tolerance and a faster decrease in resting electrical activity of the muscle over the treatment period than those that recieved dry needling in combination with spinal manipulation. We must emphasize however that this did not show in the numerical pain rating scale. Participants felt a relatively even relief of their pain in both groups. These overall results might have been skewed by outliers in groups and a small demographic study size. The rest of the results were statistically insignificant, however there was a clinically desired therapeutic effect noted in both groups throughout the study. Conclusion: Dry needling only and dry needling combined with spinal manipulation, individually have desired therapeutic effects in the treatment of infraspinatus myofascial trigger points. There is however no conclusive statistical results in this study that shows one treatment protocol to have a greater therapeutic effect when compared to the other. However this study size was small and therefore the results may have been coincidental.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cloete, Gert
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Dry needling therapy , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Acupuncture , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7450 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8310
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dry needling with cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling, in the treatment of infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points. Study Design: This was a randomized experimental study Setting: The participants were treated at the University of Johannesburg chiropractic day clinic Subjects: 30 participants volunteered for the study. The participants were divided into groups by randomly drawing thirty numbers from a hat, and placing them into two groups: either dry needling combined with spinal manipulation (group 1) or dry needling only (group 2). Participants had to be between eighteen and fifty years old and they could have been male or female. Participants had to present with active infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points and also had to present with shoulder or lateral arm pain reproduced by infraspinatus trigger point palpation. Method: Participants were either treated using dry needling only or dry needling combined with spinal manipulation. There were seven consultations. The first six consultations were treatment consultations. Measurements were taken at consultations one, four and seven. Results: The results indicate statistically that participants who had dry needling on its own had a faster increased pressure pain tolerance and a faster decrease in resting electrical activity of the muscle over the treatment period than those that recieved dry needling in combination with spinal manipulation. We must emphasize however that this did not show in the numerical pain rating scale. Participants felt a relatively even relief of their pain in both groups. These overall results might have been skewed by outliers in groups and a small demographic study size. The rest of the results were statistically insignificant, however there was a clinically desired therapeutic effect noted in both groups throughout the study. Conclusion: Dry needling only and dry needling combined with spinal manipulation, individually have desired therapeutic effects in the treatment of infraspinatus myofascial trigger points. There is however no conclusive statistical results in this study that shows one treatment protocol to have a greater therapeutic effect when compared to the other. However this study size was small and therefore the results may have been coincidental.
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Chiropractic adjustive therapy on sprint time and vertical jump height in rugby players
- Authors: Conradie, Érnsl
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Muscles - Motility , Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Rugby football - Physiological aspects , Rugby football players - Health and hygiene
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4566 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9914
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Objective: To determine the effect of chiropractic adjustive therapy to the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints on performance indicators such as sprint times and vertical jump height in asymptomatic, moderate-to-highly-active rugby players. Any dysfunction in the spine can affect biomechanics; neurological functioning of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints, as well as the surrounding muscles, and can therefore decrease performance. Methods: The study involved 60 asymptomatic male participants who were moderate-to-highly-active individuals as determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The 60 participants were divided equally into two groups: the experimental group (n=30) received chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints, and the control group (n=30) rested for five minutes. The study design was based on the once-off model. The objective data used in the study was obtained by the vertical jump height test and the 30-metre sprint speed test. These tests were used to test the participants‟ explosive power and speed, and were obtained before and after the intervention. The immediate effect was obtained by comparing the measurements of the performance indicators before and after the intervention. Results: The objective results showed that there were improvements in vertical jump height for both the forwards and the backs (rugby players) in the experimental group. Following the chiropractic adjustment, the forwards increased their vertical jump heights by 0.007m (0.5050m-0.4980m) and the backs by 0.017m (0.5245m-0.5075m). In the control group, the forwards jumped 0.01m (0.5071m-0.4971m) lower than before the five-minute rest, and the backs jumped 0.0053m higher (0.5396m-0.5343m). In the sprint speed test, both the forwards and the backs in both the experimental and the control groups performed better when they completed the indicators after the interventions. The forwards in the experimental group ran 0.146s (4.8050s-4.6590s) faster, while the backs ran 0.1055s (4.6040s-4.4985s) faster. In the control group, the forwards ran 0.1358s (5.0329s-4.8971s) faster, while the backs ran 0.0474s (4.6961s-4.6487s) faster. vii Conclusion: In the experimental group, the results demonstrated performance improvements in both the vertical jump height test and the sprint speed test for the forwards as well as the backs. In the control group, the backs performed better in the vertical jump height and the sprint speed test, while the forwards in the control group performed better in the vertical jump height test and worse in the sprint speed test. The improvements in the experimental group occurred for both the forwards and the backs, and were greater than for the control group. It can therefore be suggested that the improvements noted were as a result of the chiropractic adjustments having provided a biomechanical advantage.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Conradie, Érnsl
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Muscles - Motility , Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Rugby football - Physiological aspects , Rugby football players - Health and hygiene
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4566 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9914
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Objective: To determine the effect of chiropractic adjustive therapy to the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints on performance indicators such as sprint times and vertical jump height in asymptomatic, moderate-to-highly-active rugby players. Any dysfunction in the spine can affect biomechanics; neurological functioning of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints, as well as the surrounding muscles, and can therefore decrease performance. Methods: The study involved 60 asymptomatic male participants who were moderate-to-highly-active individuals as determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The 60 participants were divided equally into two groups: the experimental group (n=30) received chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints, and the control group (n=30) rested for five minutes. The study design was based on the once-off model. The objective data used in the study was obtained by the vertical jump height test and the 30-metre sprint speed test. These tests were used to test the participants‟ explosive power and speed, and were obtained before and after the intervention. The immediate effect was obtained by comparing the measurements of the performance indicators before and after the intervention. Results: The objective results showed that there were improvements in vertical jump height for both the forwards and the backs (rugby players) in the experimental group. Following the chiropractic adjustment, the forwards increased their vertical jump heights by 0.007m (0.5050m-0.4980m) and the backs by 0.017m (0.5245m-0.5075m). In the control group, the forwards jumped 0.01m (0.5071m-0.4971m) lower than before the five-minute rest, and the backs jumped 0.0053m higher (0.5396m-0.5343m). In the sprint speed test, both the forwards and the backs in both the experimental and the control groups performed better when they completed the indicators after the interventions. The forwards in the experimental group ran 0.146s (4.8050s-4.6590s) faster, while the backs ran 0.1055s (4.6040s-4.4985s) faster. In the control group, the forwards ran 0.1358s (5.0329s-4.8971s) faster, while the backs ran 0.0474s (4.6961s-4.6487s) faster. vii Conclusion: In the experimental group, the results demonstrated performance improvements in both the vertical jump height test and the sprint speed test for the forwards as well as the backs. In the control group, the backs performed better in the vertical jump height and the sprint speed test, while the forwards in the control group performed better in the vertical jump height test and worse in the sprint speed test. The improvements in the experimental group occurred for both the forwards and the backs, and were greater than for the control group. It can therefore be suggested that the improvements noted were as a result of the chiropractic adjustments having provided a biomechanical advantage.
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Kinesio® tape therapy versus spinal manipulative therapy in the treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome
- Authors: Conway, Candice
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Knee - Wounds and injuries - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292825 , uj:31828
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the treatment protocol in the form of Kinesio® Tape therapy versus spinal manipulative therapy or a combination of both would be best suited for the treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome. The findings were compared in terms of the changes found in pain pressure threshold measurements and the self-reported pain ratings by the participants. This study would then establish if the treatment protocols used were effective or which treatment protocol proved superior in reducing pain in ITBFS. Method: A sample of 30 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years took part in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into three groups of ten each. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy of the lumbosacral spine. Group 2 received Kinesio® Tape therapy along the iliotibial band and Group 3 received a combination of both spinal manipulative therapy and Kinesio® Tape therapy. Procedure: The study period included six treatments delivered over a three week period with a seventh visit for measurement only and no administered treatment. Subjective and objective data were collected on visits 1, 4 and 7. Subjective data measurements were recorded by use of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The objective data measurements were recorded using the pressure algometer. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric system. The tests that were appropriate for this non-parametric system were the Friedman test (Intra-Group analysis), which was used to determine any improvements between the visits, the Kruskal-Wallis test (Inter-Group analysis), which was used to determine if the groups had significant differences as well as the Mann-Whitney test (Intra-Group analysis)... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Conway, Candice
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Knee - Wounds and injuries - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292825 , uj:31828
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the treatment protocol in the form of Kinesio® Tape therapy versus spinal manipulative therapy or a combination of both would be best suited for the treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome. The findings were compared in terms of the changes found in pain pressure threshold measurements and the self-reported pain ratings by the participants. This study would then establish if the treatment protocols used were effective or which treatment protocol proved superior in reducing pain in ITBFS. Method: A sample of 30 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years took part in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into three groups of ten each. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy of the lumbosacral spine. Group 2 received Kinesio® Tape therapy along the iliotibial band and Group 3 received a combination of both spinal manipulative therapy and Kinesio® Tape therapy. Procedure: The study period included six treatments delivered over a three week period with a seventh visit for measurement only and no administered treatment. Subjective and objective data were collected on visits 1, 4 and 7. Subjective data measurements were recorded by use of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The objective data measurements were recorded using the pressure algometer. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric system. The tests that were appropriate for this non-parametric system were the Friedman test (Intra-Group analysis), which was used to determine any improvements between the visits, the Kruskal-Wallis test (Inter-Group analysis), which was used to determine if the groups had significant differences as well as the Mann-Whitney test (Intra-Group analysis)... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effectiveness of cervical adjustment therapy, dry needling of the posterior cervical musculature and the combination of the two in the treatment of chronic mechanical neck pain
- Authors: Cooper, Jacqueline Lynette
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Acupuncture
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4565 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9913
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Mechanical neck pain is the general term that refers to any type of pain within the cervical spine caused by placing abnormal stress and strain on muscles of the vertebral column. This is a very common musculo-skeletal disorder within the population, with 45% to 54% reporting neck pain at any given time of their lives (Martinez-Segura, Fernandez-de-las-Penas, Ruiz-Saez, Lopez-Jimenez and Rodriguez-Blanco, 2006). A vast majority of individuals do not experience a complete resolution of symptoms and as such often becomes a chronic pain (Cote, Cassidy, Carol and Kristman, 2004). Chronic pain by definition is one which is present for a period longer than six weeks (Segen, 2002). Accompanying the neck pain is often a limited or reduced range of motion within the cervical spine. Some studies suggest that hyper-tonicity and strain of the supporting muscles within this region due to an altered biomechanics also contributes to the pain and dysfunction (Armstrong, McNair and Williams, 2005 and Dall’Alba et al. 2001). One of the major muscle groups involved in this is the posterior cervical musculature. This is a general term used to describe the muscles located on the posterior aspect of the neck and includes longissimus capitis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, rotatores and multifidus (Dalley and Moore, 2006). Chiropractic adjustment therapy has been shown to have many effects of the body and especially the cervical spine including a decrease in pain perception and muscle hypertonicity (Kirkaldy-Willis and Cassidy, 1985), an increase in cervical range of motion (Bergmann, Peterson and Lawrence, 1993) as well as an increased skin pain tolerance level (Terrett and Vernon, 1984). Dry needling therapy has also been proven to have similar effects, including, a reduction in pain perception, an increase in range in motion of the specific linked biomechanical section, and most importantly a reduction of muscle tension (Travell and Simons, 1993). The purpose of this study was to see if a synergistic effect of the two above mentioned treatments would occur when combined under one treatment protocol. The aim of this study was to determine how effectively cervical adjustment therapy, dry needling of the posterior cervical muscles and a combination of the two treatments was in treating chronic mechanical neck pain with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion over a three week period. Participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. They were eligible to participate in the study once they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were recruited by means of word of mouth as well as with the use of advertisements that were placed around the respective campuses of the University of Johannesburg. Thirty participants who presented with chronic mechanical neck pain, volunteered for this comparative study. This trial is a randomised controlled clinical trial which used convenience sampling. Group A received a combination treatment of dry needling and cervical manipulation. Group B received cervical adjustment only while group C received dry needling of the posterior cervical musculature alone. participants were treated for a total of 6 visits. Subjective and objective measurements were done at visits 1, 4 and a final visit 7 during which only measurements were taken. These effects are based on Vernon-Mior Pain and Disability Index, Numerical Pain Scale Rating, Pressure Algometer as well as Cervical Spine Range of Motion measuring instrument (CROM). The results of this trial indicated that all three treatments were effective in treating chronic mechanic neck pain. While one treatment was not statistically more effective than the other the dry needling and cervical manipulation alone produced a superior result. While combining these treatments was effective the synergistic effect one would expect was not as evident.
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- Authors: Cooper, Jacqueline Lynette
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Acupuncture
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4565 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9913
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Mechanical neck pain is the general term that refers to any type of pain within the cervical spine caused by placing abnormal stress and strain on muscles of the vertebral column. This is a very common musculo-skeletal disorder within the population, with 45% to 54% reporting neck pain at any given time of their lives (Martinez-Segura, Fernandez-de-las-Penas, Ruiz-Saez, Lopez-Jimenez and Rodriguez-Blanco, 2006). A vast majority of individuals do not experience a complete resolution of symptoms and as such often becomes a chronic pain (Cote, Cassidy, Carol and Kristman, 2004). Chronic pain by definition is one which is present for a period longer than six weeks (Segen, 2002). Accompanying the neck pain is often a limited or reduced range of motion within the cervical spine. Some studies suggest that hyper-tonicity and strain of the supporting muscles within this region due to an altered biomechanics also contributes to the pain and dysfunction (Armstrong, McNair and Williams, 2005 and Dall’Alba et al. 2001). One of the major muscle groups involved in this is the posterior cervical musculature. This is a general term used to describe the muscles located on the posterior aspect of the neck and includes longissimus capitis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, rotatores and multifidus (Dalley and Moore, 2006). Chiropractic adjustment therapy has been shown to have many effects of the body and especially the cervical spine including a decrease in pain perception and muscle hypertonicity (Kirkaldy-Willis and Cassidy, 1985), an increase in cervical range of motion (Bergmann, Peterson and Lawrence, 1993) as well as an increased skin pain tolerance level (Terrett and Vernon, 1984). Dry needling therapy has also been proven to have similar effects, including, a reduction in pain perception, an increase in range in motion of the specific linked biomechanical section, and most importantly a reduction of muscle tension (Travell and Simons, 1993). The purpose of this study was to see if a synergistic effect of the two above mentioned treatments would occur when combined under one treatment protocol. The aim of this study was to determine how effectively cervical adjustment therapy, dry needling of the posterior cervical muscles and a combination of the two treatments was in treating chronic mechanical neck pain with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion over a three week period. Participants were recruited from the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. They were eligible to participate in the study once they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were recruited by means of word of mouth as well as with the use of advertisements that were placed around the respective campuses of the University of Johannesburg. Thirty participants who presented with chronic mechanical neck pain, volunteered for this comparative study. This trial is a randomised controlled clinical trial which used convenience sampling. Group A received a combination treatment of dry needling and cervical manipulation. Group B received cervical adjustment only while group C received dry needling of the posterior cervical musculature alone. participants were treated for a total of 6 visits. Subjective and objective measurements were done at visits 1, 4 and a final visit 7 during which only measurements were taken. These effects are based on Vernon-Mior Pain and Disability Index, Numerical Pain Scale Rating, Pressure Algometer as well as Cervical Spine Range of Motion measuring instrument (CROM). The results of this trial indicated that all three treatments were effective in treating chronic mechanic neck pain. While one treatment was not statistically more effective than the other the dry needling and cervical manipulation alone produced a superior result. While combining these treatments was effective the synergistic effect one would expect was not as evident.
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The effect of spinal manipulative therapy on hockey players with lumbo-sacral facet joint dysfunction on the speed of a hockey ball
- Authors: Coston, Bernadette
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Hockey - Physiological aspects , Hockey players - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/90165 , uj:19941
- Description: Abstract: Field hockey is becoming an increasingly popular sport amongst men, women and children worldwide. A two-handed swinging motion is used during a field hockey hit to produce high ball velocity making it an effective selection for long distance passing or for shooting at goal. The maximum possible speed needs to be produced, at the end of the distal kinematic chain, during a field hockey hit. The effectiveness of the latter is dependent on the movement of each involved body segment in relation to the next proximal segment. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Coston, Bernadette
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Hockey - Physiological aspects , Hockey players - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/90165 , uj:19941
- Description: Abstract: Field hockey is becoming an increasingly popular sport amongst men, women and children worldwide. A two-handed swinging motion is used during a field hockey hit to produce high ball velocity making it an effective selection for long distance passing or for shooting at goal. The maximum possible speed needs to be produced, at the end of the distal kinematic chain, during a field hockey hit. The effectiveness of the latter is dependent on the movement of each involved body segment in relation to the next proximal segment. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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Full spine manipulation versus cervical spine manipulation in the treatment of acute cervical facet syndrome
- Authors: Culligan, Sarah Hoy
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12570 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12361
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study aims to compare full spine manipulation versus cervical spine manipulation in the treatment of acute cervical facet syndrome with regards to pain, disability, cervical spine range of motion and pain threshold. This study was a comparative study that consisted of two groups of fifteen participants each. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty with an equal male to female ratio. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The method of treatment that was administered was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy delivered to restriction(s) throughout the different regions of the spine and Group 2 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy delivered to restriction(s) of the cervical spine only.
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- Authors: Culligan, Sarah Hoy
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12570 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12361
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study aims to compare full spine manipulation versus cervical spine manipulation in the treatment of acute cervical facet syndrome with regards to pain, disability, cervical spine range of motion and pain threshold. This study was a comparative study that consisted of two groups of fifteen participants each. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty with an equal male to female ratio. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The method of treatment that was administered was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy delivered to restriction(s) throughout the different regions of the spine and Group 2 received Chiropractic manipulative therapy delivered to restriction(s) of the cervical spine only.
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The effect of lumbosacral manipulation on growing pains
- Authors: De Beer, Dawid Petrus
- Date: 2014-04-02
- Subjects: Myalgia - Chiropractic treatment , Pain in children - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4618 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9961
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Introduction The aim of this study is to determine whether standard leg rubs and reassurance combined with lumbosacral manipulations have an effect on growing pain symptoms by comparing it to standard leg rubs and reassurance only. The study can possibly serve as a platform for further research. Furthermore, this will be one of the first chiropractic studies done in this field and may provide the chiropractic profession with a proven treatment for growing pains. Methodology Thirty participants with growing pains between the ages of 4 and 12 years were recruited. The participants were placed into two groups of fifteen participants each on a first come first serve basis. The two groups received different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group One received chiropractic manipulative therapy to the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint restrictions combined with legs rubs and reassurance administered by the parent(s)/guardian(s). Group Two received only legs rubs and reassurance administered by the parent(s)/guardian(s). The participants completed the study over a period of three weeks. Subjective and objective readings were taken. Subjective readings from each participant were taken using the Oucher self-rating pain scale (OSRPS) and a pain diary completed by the parent(s)/guardian(s). Objective readings were taken using a pressure algometer over the anterior tibial muscles bilaterally. A six-week post study follow up was done via email. Results The statistical data was analyzed using the Friedman test, Mann-Whitney test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results demonstrated that both groups responded favourably to their specific treatment over time. However, Group One proved to show a quicker response to treatment over time; and the post study follow up of Group One proved to be significantly more positive than Group Two. These results highlight the positive effects of the chiropractic manipulation. Discussion The fact that the participants of Group One have improved in subjective and objective measurements and the parent(s)/guardian(s) of the participants have responded very positively to the post study follow up, one has to consider that the anatomical theory proposed by Evans and Scutter (2007), the pain referral theory supported by Cookson (2003) and the activation of pain inhibitory systems supported by Wright (1995) and Sterling et al. (2001) might all be a likely aetiologies for growing pains. However, one has to consider that the participants from Group Two, who received no spinal manipulation, have also improved in subjective and objective readings. Therefore it is possible, and cannot be excluded, that the leg rubs administered to both groups could also have played a role in relieving the growing pains. Conclusion The results of the data collected from this study, the pressure algometer and OSRPS readings, showed that spinal manipulation did not have much of a benefit. However, the pain diaries and feedback from the parent(s)/guardian(s), which are probably more reliable for growing pains, indicates that spinal manipulation does show to be beneficial.
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- Authors: De Beer, Dawid Petrus
- Date: 2014-04-02
- Subjects: Myalgia - Chiropractic treatment , Pain in children - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4618 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9961
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Introduction The aim of this study is to determine whether standard leg rubs and reassurance combined with lumbosacral manipulations have an effect on growing pain symptoms by comparing it to standard leg rubs and reassurance only. The study can possibly serve as a platform for further research. Furthermore, this will be one of the first chiropractic studies done in this field and may provide the chiropractic profession with a proven treatment for growing pains. Methodology Thirty participants with growing pains between the ages of 4 and 12 years were recruited. The participants were placed into two groups of fifteen participants each on a first come first serve basis. The two groups received different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group One received chiropractic manipulative therapy to the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint restrictions combined with legs rubs and reassurance administered by the parent(s)/guardian(s). Group Two received only legs rubs and reassurance administered by the parent(s)/guardian(s). The participants completed the study over a period of three weeks. Subjective and objective readings were taken. Subjective readings from each participant were taken using the Oucher self-rating pain scale (OSRPS) and a pain diary completed by the parent(s)/guardian(s). Objective readings were taken using a pressure algometer over the anterior tibial muscles bilaterally. A six-week post study follow up was done via email. Results The statistical data was analyzed using the Friedman test, Mann-Whitney test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results demonstrated that both groups responded favourably to their specific treatment over time. However, Group One proved to show a quicker response to treatment over time; and the post study follow up of Group One proved to be significantly more positive than Group Two. These results highlight the positive effects of the chiropractic manipulation. Discussion The fact that the participants of Group One have improved in subjective and objective measurements and the parent(s)/guardian(s) of the participants have responded very positively to the post study follow up, one has to consider that the anatomical theory proposed by Evans and Scutter (2007), the pain referral theory supported by Cookson (2003) and the activation of pain inhibitory systems supported by Wright (1995) and Sterling et al. (2001) might all be a likely aetiologies for growing pains. However, one has to consider that the participants from Group Two, who received no spinal manipulation, have also improved in subjective and objective readings. Therefore it is possible, and cannot be excluded, that the leg rubs administered to both groups could also have played a role in relieving the growing pains. Conclusion The results of the data collected from this study, the pressure algometer and OSRPS readings, showed that spinal manipulation did not have much of a benefit. However, the pain diaries and feedback from the parent(s)/guardian(s), which are probably more reliable for growing pains, indicates that spinal manipulation does show to be beneficial.
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The effect of ultrasound therapy and upper cervical manipulative therapy as well as the combination thereof on chronic sinusitis
- De Bruyn, Cornelius Johannes
- Authors: De Bruyn, Cornelius Johannes
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sinusitis - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Ultrasonics in medicine , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226484 , uj:22900
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of ultrasound therapy and upper cervical manipulative therapy as well as the combination thereof on chronic sinusitis. Method: Thirty participants who suffered from chronic sinusitis as indicated by the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group 1 received upper cervical manipulative therapy. Group 2 received ultrasound therapy on the frontal and maxillary sinuses and Group 3 received a combination of ultrasound therapy on the frontal and maxillary sinuses as well as upper cervical manipulative therapy. The study consisted of seven consultations over a three week period, with intervention on the first six consultations and subjective as well as objective data obtained at the first, fourth and seventh consultations. The intervention for Group 1 consisted of motion palpation of any restriction in the upper cervical spine. Diversified chiropractic techniques were used by the researcher to manipulate the restricted segment. Group 2 received ultrasound therapy on the frontal and maxillary sinuses and Group 3 received a combination of both cervical manipulative therapy as well as ultrasound therapy on the frontal and maxillary sinuses. Results: The subjective data had a positive average improvement of 74.9 % for Group 1, 68.9 % for Group 2 and 73 % for Group 3. The objective data had a positive average improvement of 34 % for Group 1, 21.9 % for Group 2 and 29.1 % for Group 3. Conclusion: This research thus proved that ultrasound therapy and upper cervical manipulative therapy as well as the combination thereof did benefit participants with chronic sinusitis. Participants had to receive all six treatments to experience a significant difference in their signs and symptoms...
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- Authors: De Bruyn, Cornelius Johannes
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sinusitis - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Ultrasonics in medicine , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226484 , uj:22900
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of ultrasound therapy and upper cervical manipulative therapy as well as the combination thereof on chronic sinusitis. Method: Thirty participants who suffered from chronic sinusitis as indicated by the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group 1 received upper cervical manipulative therapy. Group 2 received ultrasound therapy on the frontal and maxillary sinuses and Group 3 received a combination of ultrasound therapy on the frontal and maxillary sinuses as well as upper cervical manipulative therapy. The study consisted of seven consultations over a three week period, with intervention on the first six consultations and subjective as well as objective data obtained at the first, fourth and seventh consultations. The intervention for Group 1 consisted of motion palpation of any restriction in the upper cervical spine. Diversified chiropractic techniques were used by the researcher to manipulate the restricted segment. Group 2 received ultrasound therapy on the frontal and maxillary sinuses and Group 3 received a combination of both cervical manipulative therapy as well as ultrasound therapy on the frontal and maxillary sinuses. Results: The subjective data had a positive average improvement of 74.9 % for Group 1, 68.9 % for Group 2 and 73 % for Group 3. The objective data had a positive average improvement of 34 % for Group 1, 21.9 % for Group 2 and 29.1 % for Group 3. Conclusion: This research thus proved that ultrasound therapy and upper cervical manipulative therapy as well as the combination thereof did benefit participants with chronic sinusitis. Participants had to receive all six treatments to experience a significant difference in their signs and symptoms...
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