The effectiveness of cervical spine manipulation in conjunction with interferential current and ultrasound therapy for cervicogenic headaches
- Authors: Keshav, Tina
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5228
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Heachaches are a very common complaint among society today, and as a result there are a vast number of individuals seeking medical treatment specifically for headaches (Alix and Bates, 1999). The impact that headaches have on a patients quality of life far exceeds that of other conditions such as osteoarthritis and hypertension. Primary headaches such as Cervicogenic, Cluster and Tension-type headaches have no specific underlying cause. However, it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) can be used as an effective tool in the treatment of these primary headaches (Brontford, Assendelft, Evans, Haas, and Bouter, 2001; Khoury, 2000 and Vernon, 1995). A Cervicogenic Headache is defined by the North American Cervicogenic Society (NACHS) as referred pain perceived in any region of the head caused by a primary nociceptive source in the musculoskeletal tissues innervated by cervical nerves. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of upper cervical spine manipulation in conjunction with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy, compared to upper cervical spine manipulations alone as a treatment protocol for Cervicogenic headaches. Method: This study consisted of two groups; both Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of 15 participants with Cervicogenic headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 55 years. Potential participants were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine C1-C3 levels. Group 2 received a combination treatment with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy over active myofascial trigger points in the Posterior Cervical muscles in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine C1-C3 levels. Objective and subjective findings were based on the treatments. Procedure: The participants received six treatments in total over a three week period that is two treatments a week for three weeks followed by a seventh consultation visit where only subjective and objective measurements was taken. The participants completed a Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Headache Disability Index Questionnaire. Algometer readings were taken over the most sensitive trigger point in the Posterior Cervical muscles. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine and Group 2 received a ten minute combination treatment with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy over active myofascial trigger points in the Posterior Cervical muscles in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine. The same treatment procedures were administered over the study; subjective and objective readings were only taken at visits 1, 4 and 7. Results: In terms of objective measurements based on the pressure Algometer readings, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference in muscle sensitivity between the two groups over time was revealed. However, Group 1 showed a larger overall clinically significant difference in Posterior Cervical muscle sensitivity. In terms of subjective measurements based on the Headache Disability Index Questionnaire scores, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference in terms of intensity, duration and frequency of the headaches between the groups over time was revealed. However, Group 1 had a greater clinical reduction in intensity, duration and frequency of headaches when compared to Group 2. In terms of subjective measurements based on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale scores, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. A statistically significant difference in terms of intensity of the headaches between the groups over time was revealed. The overall clinical improvement was similar for both groups however Group 1 had a slightly greater clinical reduction in headache intensity when compared to Group 1. Conclusion: Both groups showed an overall improvement in the headache symptoms as well as Posterior Cervical muscle sensitivity; however Group 1 showed a greater clinical improvement when compared to Group 2.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Keshav, Tina
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5228
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Heachaches are a very common complaint among society today, and as a result there are a vast number of individuals seeking medical treatment specifically for headaches (Alix and Bates, 1999). The impact that headaches have on a patients quality of life far exceeds that of other conditions such as osteoarthritis and hypertension. Primary headaches such as Cervicogenic, Cluster and Tension-type headaches have no specific underlying cause. However, it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) can be used as an effective tool in the treatment of these primary headaches (Brontford, Assendelft, Evans, Haas, and Bouter, 2001; Khoury, 2000 and Vernon, 1995). A Cervicogenic Headache is defined by the North American Cervicogenic Society (NACHS) as referred pain perceived in any region of the head caused by a primary nociceptive source in the musculoskeletal tissues innervated by cervical nerves. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of upper cervical spine manipulation in conjunction with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy, compared to upper cervical spine manipulations alone as a treatment protocol for Cervicogenic headaches. Method: This study consisted of two groups; both Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of 15 participants with Cervicogenic headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 55 years. Potential participants were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine C1-C3 levels. Group 2 received a combination treatment with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy over active myofascial trigger points in the Posterior Cervical muscles in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine C1-C3 levels. Objective and subjective findings were based on the treatments. Procedure: The participants received six treatments in total over a three week period that is two treatments a week for three weeks followed by a seventh consultation visit where only subjective and objective measurements was taken. The participants completed a Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Headache Disability Index Questionnaire. Algometer readings were taken over the most sensitive trigger point in the Posterior Cervical muscles. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine and Group 2 received a ten minute combination treatment with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy over active myofascial trigger points in the Posterior Cervical muscles in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine. The same treatment procedures were administered over the study; subjective and objective readings were only taken at visits 1, 4 and 7. Results: In terms of objective measurements based on the pressure Algometer readings, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference in muscle sensitivity between the two groups over time was revealed. However, Group 1 showed a larger overall clinically significant difference in Posterior Cervical muscle sensitivity. In terms of subjective measurements based on the Headache Disability Index Questionnaire scores, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference in terms of intensity, duration and frequency of the headaches between the groups over time was revealed. However, Group 1 had a greater clinical reduction in intensity, duration and frequency of headaches when compared to Group 2. In terms of subjective measurements based on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale scores, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. A statistically significant difference in terms of intensity of the headaches between the groups over time was revealed. The overall clinical improvement was similar for both groups however Group 1 had a slightly greater clinical reduction in headache intensity when compared to Group 1. Conclusion: Both groups showed an overall improvement in the headache symptoms as well as Posterior Cervical muscle sensitivity; however Group 1 showed a greater clinical improvement when compared to Group 2.
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The effect of cervical spine adjustments on discriminative response time tasks
- Authors: Walters, Matthew John
- Date: 2010-03-31T07:07:35Z
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Cervical vertebrae abnormalities
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6729 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3131
- Description: M. Tech.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Walters, Matthew John
- Date: 2010-03-31T07:07:35Z
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Cervical vertebrae abnormalities
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6729 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3131
- Description: M. Tech.
- Full Text:
Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy versus myofascial dry needling of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and a combination thereof on cervicogenic headaches
- Authors: Judelman, Niki
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial dry needling therapy , Spinal adjustment , Spondylotherapy , Sternocleidomastoid muscle diseases - Chiropractic treament
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8830 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5243
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: An association between cervicogenic headache, cervical joint dysfunction and the presence of myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle exists. This study is aimed at determining the most effective Chiropractic treatment protocol in the management of cervicogenic headache by comparing the objective and subjective measurements gained in delivering Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to the upper cervical spine, myofascial dry needling therapy to myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and/or a combination of both therapies. DESIGN: Forty-eight participants suffering from cervicogenic headache were allocated into one of three groups of equal male to female ratio. Each patient was examined and cleared for participation in a clinical trial in which Diversified Chiropractic techniques and/or myofascial dry needling therapy were delivered. Group 1 received Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to the upper cervical spine. Group 2 received myofascial dry needling therapy to myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Group 3 received a combination of the mentioned therapies. DURATION AND MEASUREMENTS: Participants were consulted seven times in a four week period. They were treated twice per week for three weeks and a final, follow-up assessment was performed at the start of the fourth week. Subjective and objective measurements were taken and recorded on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Subjective measurements were taken via the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Questionnaire, Triple Visual Analogue Scale and the Headache Disability Index. Objective measurements included cervical spine ranges of motion which were measured using the Cervical Range of Motion Instrument (CROM). The data was statistically analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. RESULTS: Clinically and statistically significant improvements in all three groups were noted over the course of the study, with regards to perception of pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes in ranges of motion were demonstrated in Group 1 for flexion, extension, lateral flexion (right and left) and right rotation; in Group 2 for right lateral flexion and left rotation and in Group 3 for all cervical ranges of motion. The comparison between the groups (intergroup analysis) showed no statistically significant changes except for right lateral flexion at the first consultation (pre-treatment). CONCLUSION: The results show that Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy and dry needling are both effective treatment protocols in decreasing pain and dysfunction and increasing cervical range of motion in patients suffering from cervicogenic headache. This was demonstrated clinically, and to a lesser degree, statistically. The results carry a possible suggestion that although the different treatment options are effective individually, no treatment option proves to be statistically superior.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Judelman, Niki
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial dry needling therapy , Spinal adjustment , Spondylotherapy , Sternocleidomastoid muscle diseases - Chiropractic treament
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8830 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5243
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: An association between cervicogenic headache, cervical joint dysfunction and the presence of myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle exists. This study is aimed at determining the most effective Chiropractic treatment protocol in the management of cervicogenic headache by comparing the objective and subjective measurements gained in delivering Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to the upper cervical spine, myofascial dry needling therapy to myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and/or a combination of both therapies. DESIGN: Forty-eight participants suffering from cervicogenic headache were allocated into one of three groups of equal male to female ratio. Each patient was examined and cleared for participation in a clinical trial in which Diversified Chiropractic techniques and/or myofascial dry needling therapy were delivered. Group 1 received Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to the upper cervical spine. Group 2 received myofascial dry needling therapy to myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Group 3 received a combination of the mentioned therapies. DURATION AND MEASUREMENTS: Participants were consulted seven times in a four week period. They were treated twice per week for three weeks and a final, follow-up assessment was performed at the start of the fourth week. Subjective and objective measurements were taken and recorded on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Subjective measurements were taken via the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Questionnaire, Triple Visual Analogue Scale and the Headache Disability Index. Objective measurements included cervical spine ranges of motion which were measured using the Cervical Range of Motion Instrument (CROM). The data was statistically analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. RESULTS: Clinically and statistically significant improvements in all three groups were noted over the course of the study, with regards to perception of pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes in ranges of motion were demonstrated in Group 1 for flexion, extension, lateral flexion (right and left) and right rotation; in Group 2 for right lateral flexion and left rotation and in Group 3 for all cervical ranges of motion. The comparison between the groups (intergroup analysis) showed no statistically significant changes except for right lateral flexion at the first consultation (pre-treatment). CONCLUSION: The results show that Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy and dry needling are both effective treatment protocols in decreasing pain and dysfunction and increasing cervical range of motion in patients suffering from cervicogenic headache. This was demonstrated clinically, and to a lesser degree, statistically. The results carry a possible suggestion that although the different treatment options are effective individually, no treatment option proves to be statistically superior.
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The effect of chiropractic adjustment of the area of nerve root supply versus the attachment site of the latissimus dorsi muscle
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Leon
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Latissimus dorsi muscle , Spinal adjustment , Spine - Chiropractic treatment , Ultrasonic waves - Therapeutic use , Muscle strength - Testing , Electromyography
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8833 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5246
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: This study aims to determine whether adjusting the area of nerve root supply, or adjusting the attachment site of the latissimus dorsi muscle, will have an effect on the latissimus dorsi muscle and to which extend, with regards to strength and electromyographic (sEMG) activity. These effects were evaluated by measuring the latissimus dorsi .muscle strength using a Jamar dynamometer as well as sEMG readings of the latissimus dorsi muscle using a Neuro Trac ETS unit. Readings were taken prior to treatment on the first, third, and fifth consultations. Method: Forty five participants who met the inclusion criteria were stratified in number and gender between three groups of equal size (15 participants each). Group 1 received lower cervical adjustments (C5 - C7), group 2 received lower thoracic and lumbar adjustments (T6 - L5) and group 3 received detuned ultrasound therapy on the latissimus dorsi muscle. Group three served as the control group. Participants were treated four times out of a total of five sessions, over a maximum three week period Procedure: Objective data was collected at the beginning of the first and third session, as well as on the fifth consultation by means of a Jamar dynamometer and a Neuro Trac ETS unit in order to assess the functionality of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. Results: Statistically significant improvement in the dynamometry readings of both the experimental groups were noted when compared to that of the control group. The results of the sEMG activity were variable. Conclusion: The results show that adjusting the area of nerve root supply as well as adjusting the attachment site of the latissimus dorsi muscle are effective treatment protocols (as demonstrated statistically) in increasing strength of the latissimus dorsi muscle. The results suggest that adjusting the attachment site of the latissimus dorsi muscle is most effective in increasing the strength of the latissimus dorsi muscle. The results of the sEMG activity were variable and there were no evidence supporting the effectiveness of adjusting the area of nerve root supply versus adjusting the attachment site ofthe latissimus dorsi muscle on sEMG activity.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Leon
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Latissimus dorsi muscle , Spinal adjustment , Spine - Chiropractic treatment , Ultrasonic waves - Therapeutic use , Muscle strength - Testing , Electromyography
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8833 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5246
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: This study aims to determine whether adjusting the area of nerve root supply, or adjusting the attachment site of the latissimus dorsi muscle, will have an effect on the latissimus dorsi muscle and to which extend, with regards to strength and electromyographic (sEMG) activity. These effects were evaluated by measuring the latissimus dorsi .muscle strength using a Jamar dynamometer as well as sEMG readings of the latissimus dorsi muscle using a Neuro Trac ETS unit. Readings were taken prior to treatment on the first, third, and fifth consultations. Method: Forty five participants who met the inclusion criteria were stratified in number and gender between three groups of equal size (15 participants each). Group 1 received lower cervical adjustments (C5 - C7), group 2 received lower thoracic and lumbar adjustments (T6 - L5) and group 3 received detuned ultrasound therapy on the latissimus dorsi muscle. Group three served as the control group. Participants were treated four times out of a total of five sessions, over a maximum three week period Procedure: Objective data was collected at the beginning of the first and third session, as well as on the fifth consultation by means of a Jamar dynamometer and a Neuro Trac ETS unit in order to assess the functionality of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. Results: Statistically significant improvement in the dynamometry readings of both the experimental groups were noted when compared to that of the control group. The results of the sEMG activity were variable. Conclusion: The results show that adjusting the area of nerve root supply as well as adjusting the attachment site of the latissimus dorsi muscle are effective treatment protocols (as demonstrated statistically) in increasing strength of the latissimus dorsi muscle. The results suggest that adjusting the attachment site of the latissimus dorsi muscle is most effective in increasing the strength of the latissimus dorsi muscle. The results of the sEMG activity were variable and there were no evidence supporting the effectiveness of adjusting the area of nerve root supply versus adjusting the attachment site ofthe latissimus dorsi muscle on sEMG activity.
- Full Text:
The efficacy of upper cervical manipulative therapy in the treatment of cervicogenic headache
- Authors: Workman, Simon John
- Date: 2011-06-22T10:54:13Z
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7132 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3724
- Description: M.Tech. , The most common cause of chronic cervicogenic headache is believed to be mechanical pain from the muscles, ligaments and joints of the upper cervical spine (Hubka and Hall, 1994). Much controversy and debate surrounds all aspects of cervicogenic headache, including the aetiology and treatment of these headaches. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation of the upper cervical spine alone as a treatment form for cervicogenic headache, with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Method: This study consisted of a single group of thirty participants between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five, with a half male to female ratio. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The only method of treatment administered to each participant was chiropractic manipulation, delivered to restrictions of the upper cervical spine, from which the objective and subjective findings were based. Procedure: Treatment consisted of seven consultations, with two consultations being performed per week. Objective data and subjective data was taken at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Objective data consisted of cervical range of motion readings taken using a Cervical Range of Motion measuring instrument (CROM). The subjective data collected was in the form of a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Spinal manipulative therapy based on restrictions identified during motion palpation was applied at the first six consultations with the seventh consultation consisting of data gathering only. Results: Clinically and statistically, significant improvements in the entire group were noted over the course of the treatment with regards to cervical range of motion, pain and disability. Conclusion: The results show that upper cervical spine manipulation is effective, both clinically and statistically, in decreasing pain and disability and increasing cervical spine vi range of motion in those with cervicogenic headache. As the study consisted of a small group of participants treated as a single group, further study is needed in the form of randomised, controlled clinical trials.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Workman, Simon John
- Date: 2011-06-22T10:54:13Z
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7132 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3724
- Description: M.Tech. , The most common cause of chronic cervicogenic headache is believed to be mechanical pain from the muscles, ligaments and joints of the upper cervical spine (Hubka and Hall, 1994). Much controversy and debate surrounds all aspects of cervicogenic headache, including the aetiology and treatment of these headaches. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation of the upper cervical spine alone as a treatment form for cervicogenic headache, with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Method: This study consisted of a single group of thirty participants between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five, with a half male to female ratio. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The only method of treatment administered to each participant was chiropractic manipulation, delivered to restrictions of the upper cervical spine, from which the objective and subjective findings were based. Procedure: Treatment consisted of seven consultations, with two consultations being performed per week. Objective data and subjective data was taken at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Objective data consisted of cervical range of motion readings taken using a Cervical Range of Motion measuring instrument (CROM). The subjective data collected was in the form of a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Spinal manipulative therapy based on restrictions identified during motion palpation was applied at the first six consultations with the seventh consultation consisting of data gathering only. Results: Clinically and statistically, significant improvements in the entire group were noted over the course of the treatment with regards to cervical range of motion, pain and disability. Conclusion: The results show that upper cervical spine manipulation is effective, both clinically and statistically, in decreasing pain and disability and increasing cervical spine vi range of motion in those with cervicogenic headache. As the study consisted of a small group of participants treated as a single group, further study is needed in the form of randomised, controlled clinical trials.
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The immediate effect of cervical manipulation on nerve conduction velocity in sub-acute mechanical neck pain
- Authors: Lindeque, Daniel Lloyd
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Neural transmission , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292828 , uj:31829
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Introduction: Mechanical neck pain is defined as pain in the posterior region of the cervical spine, from the superior nuchal line to the first thoracic spinous process. It has been suggested that one of the most common causes of mechanical neck pain is a mechanical dysfunction, or motion restriction of the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine. The effect of a chiropractic motion restriction on the nervous system is based on theoretical models in animal and cadaver studies. Limited research exists, thus the immediate effect on the sensory nervous system following a cervical spine manipulation is unknown. The recommendation of past research states that research questions should determine whether chiropractic spinal manipulation produces effects on the biomechanics and/or neurophysiology. One of the proposed methods, amongst many forms of treatment for any neuro-musculoskeletal disease or syndrome, is a spinal manipulation. It has been suggested to mechanically change the compressional pressures and inflammatory processes in the Intervertebral Foramen (IVF), posing the question: Could a spinal manipulation alleviate nerve root irritation, (caused by a motion restriction, which could cause an effect in nerve function)? The possible benefit of this study was to determine whether sub-acute mechanical neck pain, with a motion restriction, could potentially alter the nerve conduction velocity of the radial nerve and thus possibly have an effect on nerve function. This could give a possible insight in to the possible mechanism of spinal manipulation using a quantifiable experimental technique of surface electrode readings in sensory nerve conduction velocity. Method: This was an experimental once-off study to determine the immediate effect of a cervical spine manipulation on the nerve conduction velocity of the radial nerve. The research sample was 100 male and female participants, between the ages of 18 and 45, who meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participant had to have a lower cervical spine motion restriction, identified through motion palpation, between C5 and T1 vertebral levels. This was identified during the examination using motion palpation where they had a decrease in the range of motion of the facet joint and/or abnormal end feel of levels between C5-T1. Procedure: The participants had their sensory nerve conduction velocity measured and then, the participant had their motion restriction on the ipsilateral side manipulated. Immediately post-manipulation, the measurements where captured. At 5 minutes post-manipulation, the final nerve conduction readings were captured...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lindeque, Daniel Lloyd
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Neural transmission , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292828 , uj:31829
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Introduction: Mechanical neck pain is defined as pain in the posterior region of the cervical spine, from the superior nuchal line to the first thoracic spinous process. It has been suggested that one of the most common causes of mechanical neck pain is a mechanical dysfunction, or motion restriction of the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine. The effect of a chiropractic motion restriction on the nervous system is based on theoretical models in animal and cadaver studies. Limited research exists, thus the immediate effect on the sensory nervous system following a cervical spine manipulation is unknown. The recommendation of past research states that research questions should determine whether chiropractic spinal manipulation produces effects on the biomechanics and/or neurophysiology. One of the proposed methods, amongst many forms of treatment for any neuro-musculoskeletal disease or syndrome, is a spinal manipulation. It has been suggested to mechanically change the compressional pressures and inflammatory processes in the Intervertebral Foramen (IVF), posing the question: Could a spinal manipulation alleviate nerve root irritation, (caused by a motion restriction, which could cause an effect in nerve function)? The possible benefit of this study was to determine whether sub-acute mechanical neck pain, with a motion restriction, could potentially alter the nerve conduction velocity of the radial nerve and thus possibly have an effect on nerve function. This could give a possible insight in to the possible mechanism of spinal manipulation using a quantifiable experimental technique of surface electrode readings in sensory nerve conduction velocity. Method: This was an experimental once-off study to determine the immediate effect of a cervical spine manipulation on the nerve conduction velocity of the radial nerve. The research sample was 100 male and female participants, between the ages of 18 and 45, who meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participant had to have a lower cervical spine motion restriction, identified through motion palpation, between C5 and T1 vertebral levels. This was identified during the examination using motion palpation where they had a decrease in the range of motion of the facet joint and/or abnormal end feel of levels between C5-T1. Procedure: The participants had their sensory nerve conduction velocity measured and then, the participant had their motion restriction on the ipsilateral side manipulated. Immediately post-manipulation, the measurements where captured. At 5 minutes post-manipulation, the final nerve conduction readings were captured...
- Full Text:
Study to ascertain beneficial effects of static magnetic fields to trigger points associated with lower back pain in conjuction with spinal manipulative therapy as opposed to isolated spinal manipulative therapy
- Authors: Trope, Daniel
- Date: 2009-06-22T06:51:52Z
- Subjects: Manipulation(Therapeutics) , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2673
- Description: M.Tech.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Trope, Daniel
- Date: 2009-06-22T06:51:52Z
- Subjects: Manipulation(Therapeutics) , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2673
- Description: M.Tech.
- Full Text: false
The effect of costovertebral adjustment versus ischaemic compression of rhomboid muscles for interscapular pain
- Authors: Irwin, Jared Ashley
- Date: 2015-07-14
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Scapula , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13700 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13965
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of treating inter-scapular pain with either chiropractic adjustments delivered to the costovertebral joints, with ischaemic compression of the myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid muscles, or using a combination treatment protocol in order to determine which of the three treatment protocols was superior. DESIGN: This study was a comparative study consisting of three groups of ten participants each. Participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five and there was an equal male to female ratio. Prior to becoming a participant in this study individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A McGill Pain Questionnaire, numerical pain rating scale, a clinical case history, full physical examination, a cervical regional examination were completed. The method of treatment for each participant was determined by random group allocation. Group 1 received chiropractic adjustments to the costovertebral joints, Group 2 received ischaemic compression to the myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid muscles. Group 3 received a combination treatment involving both chiropractic adjustments to the costovertebral joints together with ischaemic compression of the rhomboid trigger points. Subjective and objective readings were based on the above treatment protocols. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the McGill Pain Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the ischaemic compression group showed the greatest improvement over time (84.06%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (78.70%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. With regards to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the ischaemic compression group showed the greatest improvement over time (35.44%). Once again, there were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it showed that all three treatment groups were effective in decreasing inter-scapular pain and disability. Although all three treatment protocols have shown to be effective, and have shown similar improvement, intergroup analysis indicates that statistically there is no treatment protocol that is seen to be more superior or more effective in treating inter-scapular pain.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Irwin, Jared Ashley
- Date: 2015-07-14
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Scapula , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13700 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13965
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of treating inter-scapular pain with either chiropractic adjustments delivered to the costovertebral joints, with ischaemic compression of the myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid muscles, or using a combination treatment protocol in order to determine which of the three treatment protocols was superior. DESIGN: This study was a comparative study consisting of three groups of ten participants each. Participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five and there was an equal male to female ratio. Prior to becoming a participant in this study individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A McGill Pain Questionnaire, numerical pain rating scale, a clinical case history, full physical examination, a cervical regional examination were completed. The method of treatment for each participant was determined by random group allocation. Group 1 received chiropractic adjustments to the costovertebral joints, Group 2 received ischaemic compression to the myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid muscles. Group 3 received a combination treatment involving both chiropractic adjustments to the costovertebral joints together with ischaemic compression of the rhomboid trigger points. Subjective and objective readings were based on the above treatment protocols. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the McGill Pain Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the ischaemic compression group showed the greatest improvement over time (84.06%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (78.70%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. With regards to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the ischaemic compression group showed the greatest improvement over time (35.44%). Once again, there were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it showed that all three treatment groups were effective in decreasing inter-scapular pain and disability. Although all three treatment protocols have shown to be effective, and have shown similar improvement, intergroup analysis indicates that statistically there is no treatment protocol that is seen to be more superior or more effective in treating inter-scapular pain.
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A study to compare the immediate effect of upper versus lower cervical manipulation on blood flow of the vertebral artery
- Authors: Dos Santos, Diana Lopes
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Cervical manipulation , Cervical vertebrae , Cerebrovascular disease , Vertebral artery , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8313
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effect of upper versus lower cervical manipulation on the vertebral artery blood flow in asymptomatic individuals. Thirty patients of both genders between the ages of 18-45 years of age, volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant presented with at least one upper and one lower rotary cervical facet restriction. Each participant was randomly placed into either Group 1 whom received upper cervical manipulation, or Group 2 whom received lower cervical manipulation. Any participants who presented with positive VBAI signs or symptoms were excluded from this study. The Medison SonoAce 8000 Ultrasound System was used to objectively measure the blood flow as close to C1-C2 region as possible, contralateral to the side of the adjustment contact. Three measurements were recorded in total which included neutral, pre-manipulation and post-manipulation. As this study included asymptomatic participants, no subjective data was collected. Statistical analysis was performed where the intragroup analysis was done using the Paired Sample t-test and inter-group analysis was done using the Independent Samples t-test to check for statistically significant results less than the p-value of 0.05. There were no statistically significant results found in Group 1 and Group 2 in isolation in the intragroup analysis as well as when compared in the intergroup analysis. Upper cervical manipulation resulted in a slight percentage increase in mean blood flow velocity. Lower cervical manipulation resulted in a decreased end diastolic blood flow velocity after manipulation which indicated the possibility of vertebrobasilar occlusion, however, it did not result in much change with regards to mean blood flow velocity. In addition, upper as well as lower cervical v manipulation had a minimally insignificant dilating effect on the diameter of the upper vertebral artery which may have been due to reflex vasodilation. This study demonstrated no statistically significant changes in isolation in the intragroup analysis as well as when compared in the intergroup analysis. Lower cervical manipulation did however have a moderate influence on the upper vertebral artery blood flow but overall was still less stressful in comparison to upper cervical manipulation. Additional studies are suggested to clarify these findings further.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dos Santos, Diana Lopes
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Cervical manipulation , Cervical vertebrae , Cerebrovascular disease , Vertebral artery , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8313
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effect of upper versus lower cervical manipulation on the vertebral artery blood flow in asymptomatic individuals. Thirty patients of both genders between the ages of 18-45 years of age, volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant presented with at least one upper and one lower rotary cervical facet restriction. Each participant was randomly placed into either Group 1 whom received upper cervical manipulation, or Group 2 whom received lower cervical manipulation. Any participants who presented with positive VBAI signs or symptoms were excluded from this study. The Medison SonoAce 8000 Ultrasound System was used to objectively measure the blood flow as close to C1-C2 region as possible, contralateral to the side of the adjustment contact. Three measurements were recorded in total which included neutral, pre-manipulation and post-manipulation. As this study included asymptomatic participants, no subjective data was collected. Statistical analysis was performed where the intragroup analysis was done using the Paired Sample t-test and inter-group analysis was done using the Independent Samples t-test to check for statistically significant results less than the p-value of 0.05. There were no statistically significant results found in Group 1 and Group 2 in isolation in the intragroup analysis as well as when compared in the intergroup analysis. Upper cervical manipulation resulted in a slight percentage increase in mean blood flow velocity. Lower cervical manipulation resulted in a decreased end diastolic blood flow velocity after manipulation which indicated the possibility of vertebrobasilar occlusion, however, it did not result in much change with regards to mean blood flow velocity. In addition, upper as well as lower cervical v manipulation had a minimally insignificant dilating effect on the diameter of the upper vertebral artery which may have been due to reflex vasodilation. This study demonstrated no statistically significant changes in isolation in the intragroup analysis as well as when compared in the intergroup analysis. Lower cervical manipulation did however have a moderate influence on the upper vertebral artery blood flow but overall was still less stressful in comparison to upper cervical manipulation. Additional studies are suggested to clarify these findings further.
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The effect of chiropractic spinal adjustive therapy of the cervical and/or upper thoracic spine on eye-hand co-ordination
- Authors: Ross, Stuart Paul
- Date: 2011-10-11T07:19:25Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Eye-hand coordination
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7236 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3890
- Description: M.Tech. , The aim of this study was to determine whether Chiropractic cervical spine and/or upper thoracic adjustments had an effect on eye-hand co-ordination in asymptomatic participants presenting with cervical and/or upper thoracic spine dysfunction. Forty eight asymptomatic participants took part in this study. The participants were divided into three groups of sixteen participants each, each group consisting of eight male and eight female participants. Group 1 participants received Chiropractic adjustive therapy to dysfunctional segments in the C0-C3 spinal segments and C5-T1 spinal segments. In Group 2 the participants received Chiropractic spinal adjustive therapy to dysfunctional spinal segments in the C0-C3 region. Group 3 acted as the control group and participants received detuned ultrasound applied to the posterior cervical spine region. Two computer tests were involved in this study, namely the 2HAND test and the B19 test which had to be completed successively. The subjects were allowed to have a trial run each time they were tested to get a “hand’s-on feel” for the equipment. After the trial run the participants were tested, their respective treatment was carried out and the participants were then re-tested. Overall the study was able to show that Chiropractic adjustive therapy had no effect on eye-hand co-ordination in asymptomatic participants. Group 1 did not show any greater improvement in eye-hand co-ordination when compared to Group 2 where Group 1 received upper cervical spine and upper thoracic adjustments and Group 2 received only upper cervical adjustments. Gender was seen to play a significant role in the study, mainly during the B19 test. Overall it can be said that Chiropractic adjustive therapy had no effect on speed (OMD) or accuracy (OPED) during the test. Future research is needed on the possible effects of Chiropractic adjustive therapy on speed and accuracy as the study design showed some potential positive influences but may have been merely due to coincidence because of the small sample sizes. When testing eye-hand co-ordination it was noted that after the participants received Chiropractic adjustive therapy the length of mistakes in percent (LMP) decreased, meaning that the participants were able to correct any mistakes made at a faster rate after receiving Chiropractic adjustive therapy, but only when delivered to the spinal levels C0-C3 and/or C5-T1 (i.e. Group 1) for male participants only. Statistically significant results were noted when testing the number of mistakes made (NM) but only for male participants receiving Chiropractic adjustments to the C0-C3 levels only (i.e. Group 2). Future research needs to be done on the gender discrepancies noted for the different manner that Chiropractic adjustive therapy affected the different genders.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ross, Stuart Paul
- Date: 2011-10-11T07:19:25Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Eye-hand coordination
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7236 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3890
- Description: M.Tech. , The aim of this study was to determine whether Chiropractic cervical spine and/or upper thoracic adjustments had an effect on eye-hand co-ordination in asymptomatic participants presenting with cervical and/or upper thoracic spine dysfunction. Forty eight asymptomatic participants took part in this study. The participants were divided into three groups of sixteen participants each, each group consisting of eight male and eight female participants. Group 1 participants received Chiropractic adjustive therapy to dysfunctional segments in the C0-C3 spinal segments and C5-T1 spinal segments. In Group 2 the participants received Chiropractic spinal adjustive therapy to dysfunctional spinal segments in the C0-C3 region. Group 3 acted as the control group and participants received detuned ultrasound applied to the posterior cervical spine region. Two computer tests were involved in this study, namely the 2HAND test and the B19 test which had to be completed successively. The subjects were allowed to have a trial run each time they were tested to get a “hand’s-on feel” for the equipment. After the trial run the participants were tested, their respective treatment was carried out and the participants were then re-tested. Overall the study was able to show that Chiropractic adjustive therapy had no effect on eye-hand co-ordination in asymptomatic participants. Group 1 did not show any greater improvement in eye-hand co-ordination when compared to Group 2 where Group 1 received upper cervical spine and upper thoracic adjustments and Group 2 received only upper cervical adjustments. Gender was seen to play a significant role in the study, mainly during the B19 test. Overall it can be said that Chiropractic adjustive therapy had no effect on speed (OMD) or accuracy (OPED) during the test. Future research is needed on the possible effects of Chiropractic adjustive therapy on speed and accuracy as the study design showed some potential positive influences but may have been merely due to coincidence because of the small sample sizes. When testing eye-hand co-ordination it was noted that after the participants received Chiropractic adjustive therapy the length of mistakes in percent (LMP) decreased, meaning that the participants were able to correct any mistakes made at a faster rate after receiving Chiropractic adjustive therapy, but only when delivered to the spinal levels C0-C3 and/or C5-T1 (i.e. Group 1) for male participants only. Statistically significant results were noted when testing the number of mistakes made (NM) but only for male participants receiving Chiropractic adjustments to the C0-C3 levels only (i.e. Group 2). Future research needs to be done on the gender discrepancies noted for the different manner that Chiropractic adjustive therapy affected the different genders.
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Describing the trends of qEEG change caused by cervical manipulation
- Authors: Scott, Michelle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268532 , uj:28506
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is used to measure brain wave activity. qEEG is commonly used to determine and asses neural function, neurophysiology and neurological deficits. It is an inexpensive tool used for both diagnostic and prognostic information. It is alleged that chiropractic manipulation affects the central nervous system beyond the dorsal root ganglia; as well as the brain itself. Although controversial studies are demonstrating there is an effect on brain qEEG, limited research has looked at the detailed trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. This could theoretically stimulate further related research and thus redefine the existing limits of chiropractic treatment of the central nervous system by influencing brain wave activity. Method: A descriptive design was used to attempt to track trends on qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. The EEG equipment that was used for the trials was a MP 150 Biopac system. On arrival at the Chiropractic clinic all participants were assessed as new patients and then randomly divided into two groups of 5. Once this was completed the EEG cap was placed on the participants head and the first of six recordings was started. Subsequent to the completion of the first recording, the participants’ cervical spine was manipulated/ sham manipulated (control group). The remainder of the recordings then took place at 15 minute intervals. Results: There was a definitive difference in the readings pre- and post-manipulation for both groups, across all three brain lobes. Group A appeared to have more consistent predictable changes. Group B appeared to have haphazard changes. Some participants showed more pronounced changes in brain wave activity than others. Conclusion: The definitive changes pre- and post- manipulation readings demonstrate that there are apparent variations in the qEEG readings post cervical manipulation...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Scott, Michelle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268532 , uj:28506
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is used to measure brain wave activity. qEEG is commonly used to determine and asses neural function, neurophysiology and neurological deficits. It is an inexpensive tool used for both diagnostic and prognostic information. It is alleged that chiropractic manipulation affects the central nervous system beyond the dorsal root ganglia; as well as the brain itself. Although controversial studies are demonstrating there is an effect on brain qEEG, limited research has looked at the detailed trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. This could theoretically stimulate further related research and thus redefine the existing limits of chiropractic treatment of the central nervous system by influencing brain wave activity. Method: A descriptive design was used to attempt to track trends on qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. The EEG equipment that was used for the trials was a MP 150 Biopac system. On arrival at the Chiropractic clinic all participants were assessed as new patients and then randomly divided into two groups of 5. Once this was completed the EEG cap was placed on the participants head and the first of six recordings was started. Subsequent to the completion of the first recording, the participants’ cervical spine was manipulated/ sham manipulated (control group). The remainder of the recordings then took place at 15 minute intervals. Results: There was a definitive difference in the readings pre- and post-manipulation for both groups, across all three brain lobes. Group A appeared to have more consistent predictable changes. Group B appeared to have haphazard changes. Some participants showed more pronounced changes in brain wave activity than others. Conclusion: The definitive changes pre- and post- manipulation readings demonstrate that there are apparent variations in the qEEG readings post cervical manipulation...
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The effect of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation on balance
- Authors: Nolan, Justin Henry
- Date: 2010-03-31T07:00:52Z
- Subjects: Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6715 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3119
- Description: M. Tech. , It has been noted in the literature that the sensory system consists of the visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems (Guyton and Hall, 1997; Arnold and Schmitz, 1998; Murphy, 2000; Nakata and Yabe, 2001; Magee, 2002 and Gatterman, 2004). In congruence with the above authors Katz (1996), Gatterman (2004) and Murphy (2000), Morningstar, Pettibon, Schlappi, Schlapp and Ireland (2005) further stated that the postural reflexes can be subcategorised as the following: visual righting reflex, labyrinthine righting reflexes, neck righting reflexes, body on head righting reflexes and body on body righting reflexes. Each of these neurological mechanisms plays a role in balance / equilibrium. Furthermore it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy has an effect on neurological systems. Therefore it stands to reason that spinal manipulative therapy may have an effect on balance or equilibrium.
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- Authors: Nolan, Justin Henry
- Date: 2010-03-31T07:00:52Z
- Subjects: Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6715 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3119
- Description: M. Tech. , It has been noted in the literature that the sensory system consists of the visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems (Guyton and Hall, 1997; Arnold and Schmitz, 1998; Murphy, 2000; Nakata and Yabe, 2001; Magee, 2002 and Gatterman, 2004). In congruence with the above authors Katz (1996), Gatterman (2004) and Murphy (2000), Morningstar, Pettibon, Schlappi, Schlapp and Ireland (2005) further stated that the postural reflexes can be subcategorised as the following: visual righting reflex, labyrinthine righting reflexes, neck righting reflexes, body on head righting reflexes and body on body righting reflexes. Each of these neurological mechanisms plays a role in balance / equilibrium. Furthermore it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy has an effect on neurological systems. Therefore it stands to reason that spinal manipulative therapy may have an effect on balance or equilibrium.
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The immediate effects of a cervical spine adjustment on gait in participants with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction
- Authors: Lazar, Hilton Michael
- Date: 2014-06-02
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Gait in humans
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11287 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10880
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study aimed to compare the immediate effects of a cervical spine adjustment on gait in participants who had asymptomatic cervical spine dysfunction. Method: This study consisted of 1 group of 60 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years of age. The group was mixed unevenly in terms of gender. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant underwent a pre adjustment gait analysis followed by cervical spine adjustment and then a post adjustment gait analysis. Procedure: Treatment consisted of a single treatment. The objective data was recorded via the Win FDM system pre and post cervical spine adjustment. The measurements were taken this way to give a reliable, dynamic analysis of gait in an easy to read print out. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. The manipulative techniques used were directed towards dysfunction cervical spine joints which were identified via motion palpation. Results: The results of the gait analysis were obtained from the WinFDM analysis and analyzed by STATKON. Objective data was collected from 60 participants of both genders. All participants underwent a pre and post adjustment gait analysis for comparison...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lazar, Hilton Michael
- Date: 2014-06-02
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Gait in humans
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11287 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10880
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study aimed to compare the immediate effects of a cervical spine adjustment on gait in participants who had asymptomatic cervical spine dysfunction. Method: This study consisted of 1 group of 60 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years of age. The group was mixed unevenly in terms of gender. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant underwent a pre adjustment gait analysis followed by cervical spine adjustment and then a post adjustment gait analysis. Procedure: Treatment consisted of a single treatment. The objective data was recorded via the Win FDM system pre and post cervical spine adjustment. The measurements were taken this way to give a reliable, dynamic analysis of gait in an easy to read print out. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. The manipulative techniques used were directed towards dysfunction cervical spine joints which were identified via motion palpation. Results: The results of the gait analysis were obtained from the WinFDM analysis and analyzed by STATKON. Objective data was collected from 60 participants of both genders. All participants underwent a pre and post adjustment gait analysis for comparison...
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The effect of chiropractic adjustment of innervation versus attachment site in the treatment of chronic, active myofascial trigger points of infraspinatus
- Authors: Hutchinson, Melissa Jean
- Date: 2015-07-15
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13758 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14023
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: Shoulder pain has been identified to be one of the most common musculoskeletal problems found in a variety of different countries, showing characteristics of chronicity and recurrence. It is considered to be a main contributor towards nontraumatic upper limb pain. One of the identifiable causes of chronic or reoccuring shoulder pain may be attributed to myofascial pain syndrome which is caused by MTrP’s and produces symptoms that are similar to that of other shoulder pain syndromes. The infraspinatus muscle as an integral component of the rotator cuff complex is subject to high tension biomechanical strain as well as neuromuscular tension. While therapeutic interventions have been devised to treat varying degrees of biomechanical and neuomuscular tension, little evidence exists establishing which of these treatment regimes is most effective in treating myofascial trigger points. The purpose of this study was to compare different regional chiropractic adjustments relative to the attachment site and the innervation segment of the infraspinatus muscle and to identify the most effective treatment protocol with regard to chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. DESIGN: A selection of thirty participants were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups of fifteen participants each. Group A received a chiropractic adjustment to the glenohumeral joint, the attachment site for infraspinatus muscle. Group B received a chiropractic adjustment to the cervical spine segments associated with the innervation to the infraspinatus muscle. Cervical spine restrictions specific to levels C4/C5 and/or C5/C6, and glenohumeral joint restrictions were determined using motion palpation techniques. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three-four week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer and counting the number of active infrapsinatus myofascial trigger points. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (15.5%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (68.8%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. vii With regard to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (21.7%). There were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. The intragroup and intergroup analysis of the number of active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction showed no statistically significant differences between the groups or within each of the groups over time. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both treatment groups protocols were effective in reducing chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. Small differences were noted between the two treatment groups with regards to the subjective and objective findings. The glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest clinical and statistical improvements over the three-four week trial period.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hutchinson, Melissa Jean
- Date: 2015-07-15
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13758 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14023
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: Shoulder pain has been identified to be one of the most common musculoskeletal problems found in a variety of different countries, showing characteristics of chronicity and recurrence. It is considered to be a main contributor towards nontraumatic upper limb pain. One of the identifiable causes of chronic or reoccuring shoulder pain may be attributed to myofascial pain syndrome which is caused by MTrP’s and produces symptoms that are similar to that of other shoulder pain syndromes. The infraspinatus muscle as an integral component of the rotator cuff complex is subject to high tension biomechanical strain as well as neuromuscular tension. While therapeutic interventions have been devised to treat varying degrees of biomechanical and neuomuscular tension, little evidence exists establishing which of these treatment regimes is most effective in treating myofascial trigger points. The purpose of this study was to compare different regional chiropractic adjustments relative to the attachment site and the innervation segment of the infraspinatus muscle and to identify the most effective treatment protocol with regard to chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. DESIGN: A selection of thirty participants were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups of fifteen participants each. Group A received a chiropractic adjustment to the glenohumeral joint, the attachment site for infraspinatus muscle. Group B received a chiropractic adjustment to the cervical spine segments associated with the innervation to the infraspinatus muscle. Cervical spine restrictions specific to levels C4/C5 and/or C5/C6, and glenohumeral joint restrictions were determined using motion palpation techniques. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three-four week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer and counting the number of active infrapsinatus myofascial trigger points. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (15.5%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (68.8%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. vii With regard to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (21.7%). There were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. The intragroup and intergroup analysis of the number of active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction showed no statistically significant differences between the groups or within each of the groups over time. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both treatment groups protocols were effective in reducing chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. Small differences were noted between the two treatment groups with regards to the subjective and objective findings. The glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest clinical and statistical improvements over the three-four week trial period.
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The effect of cervical spine manipulation and a stretching regime on cervical facet dysfunction in primary school teachers
- Authors: Pearson, Samantha Candace
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Stretching exercises , Primary school teachers - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268680 , uj:28525
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to compare cervical manipulative therapy, a stretching regime and a combination of cervical manipulative therapy and a stretching regime in the treatment of cervical facet dysfunction in Primary School Teachers with regards to a Neck Disability Index questionnaire and cervical spine range of motion. Method: This study was a comparative study that consisted of three groups of ten participants each. The participants were primary school teachers between the ages of twenty-two and forty. The potential participants were examined and accepted into the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The method of treatment that was administered was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received Cervical Manipulative Therapy only, Group 2 received a stretching regime only and Group 3 received a combination of Cervical Manipulative Therapy and a stretching regime. Procedure: Six treatment sessions took place over a period of three weeks with a seventh and final consultation for the purpose of subjective and objective data capturing. Subjective data was obtained by means of a Neck Disability Index which was completed at the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Objective measurements were obtained using the Cervical Range of Motion Device, readings were taken at the first, fourth and seventh consultations. The participants received the allocated method of treatment pertaining to their group at each consultation, except the seventh consultation. The subjective and objective data collected was analysed by a statistician. Results: A clinically significant improvement was noted in both the subjective NDI score and objective CROM measurements for the three groups over the three week period. Group 1 showed a clinically significant improvement in Lifting and Recreation scores of the NDI, Group 2 revealed a clinical improvement in the Concentration and Work scores of...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pearson, Samantha Candace
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Stretching exercises , Primary school teachers - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268680 , uj:28525
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to compare cervical manipulative therapy, a stretching regime and a combination of cervical manipulative therapy and a stretching regime in the treatment of cervical facet dysfunction in Primary School Teachers with regards to a Neck Disability Index questionnaire and cervical spine range of motion. Method: This study was a comparative study that consisted of three groups of ten participants each. The participants were primary school teachers between the ages of twenty-two and forty. The potential participants were examined and accepted into the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The method of treatment that was administered was determined by group allocation. Group 1 received Cervical Manipulative Therapy only, Group 2 received a stretching regime only and Group 3 received a combination of Cervical Manipulative Therapy and a stretching regime. Procedure: Six treatment sessions took place over a period of three weeks with a seventh and final consultation for the purpose of subjective and objective data capturing. Subjective data was obtained by means of a Neck Disability Index which was completed at the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Objective measurements were obtained using the Cervical Range of Motion Device, readings were taken at the first, fourth and seventh consultations. The participants received the allocated method of treatment pertaining to their group at each consultation, except the seventh consultation. The subjective and objective data collected was analysed by a statistician. Results: A clinically significant improvement was noted in both the subjective NDI score and objective CROM measurements for the three groups over the three week period. Group 1 showed a clinically significant improvement in Lifting and Recreation scores of the NDI, Group 2 revealed a clinical improvement in the Concentration and Work scores of...
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A case series describing the medium-term effects of cervical manipulation on qEEG readings in patients with chronic neck pain
- Authors: Jordaan, Gerné
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268717 , uj:28529
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: It has been stated that a chiropractic manipulation does indeed have an effect on the central nervous system beyond the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and may have an effect on these measurements. It is known that chiropractic manipulation is an effective treatment method for chronic neck pain. Research sugests that a chiropractic manipulation has a direct influence on the sensorymotor intergration within the central nervous system. It is known that a chiropractic manipulation delivered to the cervical spine has a positive effect on neck pain. It is also mentioned that there is a need for further research to understand the neurological effects of chiropractic manipulation on brainwave activity. Aim: The aim of is this study was to compile a case series describing the medium-term effects of chiropractic manipulation on qEEG in patients with chronic neck pain. This research has the potential to allow further research to be done in this field. This research may redefine the limits of chiropractic treatment on the nervous system. Methodology: A descriptive design following a case series was best suited for this study. This allowed to track changes of the EEG recordings before and after a chiropractic manipulation over a 2-week time period with 4 treatments at biweekly intervals. A numerical pain rating scale was used to ascertain each participant’s pain at the initial and last visit. The qEEG was measured using a MP150 Biopac System. Results: All 10 cases were described, with all showing changes in qEEG readings post treatment as well as over the study of varying amount. All participants also demonstrated changes in the numerical pain scale. Each participant displayed a decrease in pain with some participants indicating full resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: There appears to be a change in pre- and immediately post-manipulation readings as well as reduction in pain. This demonstrates an effect on the medium-term qEEG readings. Further research into this topic however is required to determine the meaning of this change.
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- Authors: Jordaan, Gerné
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268717 , uj:28529
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: It has been stated that a chiropractic manipulation does indeed have an effect on the central nervous system beyond the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and may have an effect on these measurements. It is known that chiropractic manipulation is an effective treatment method for chronic neck pain. Research sugests that a chiropractic manipulation has a direct influence on the sensorymotor intergration within the central nervous system. It is known that a chiropractic manipulation delivered to the cervical spine has a positive effect on neck pain. It is also mentioned that there is a need for further research to understand the neurological effects of chiropractic manipulation on brainwave activity. Aim: The aim of is this study was to compile a case series describing the medium-term effects of chiropractic manipulation on qEEG in patients with chronic neck pain. This research has the potential to allow further research to be done in this field. This research may redefine the limits of chiropractic treatment on the nervous system. Methodology: A descriptive design following a case series was best suited for this study. This allowed to track changes of the EEG recordings before and after a chiropractic manipulation over a 2-week time period with 4 treatments at biweekly intervals. A numerical pain rating scale was used to ascertain each participant’s pain at the initial and last visit. The qEEG was measured using a MP150 Biopac System. Results: All 10 cases were described, with all showing changes in qEEG readings post treatment as well as over the study of varying amount. All participants also demonstrated changes in the numerical pain scale. Each participant displayed a decrease in pain with some participants indicating full resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: There appears to be a change in pre- and immediately post-manipulation readings as well as reduction in pain. This demonstrates an effect on the medium-term qEEG readings. Further research into this topic however is required to determine the meaning of this change.
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The immediate effect of an upper cervical adjustment on mental rotation ability in individuals with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction
- Authors: Finberg, Craig Jason
- Date: 2009-11-16T06:53:02Z
- Subjects: Cervical vertebrae - Abnormalities , Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3002
- Description: M.Tech. , It has been reported that the sympathetic nerve fibres coursing with the vertebral arteries may potentially be irritated by cervical pathology such as cervical dysfunction causing vasoconstriction of the vertebro-basilar arterial system leading to an ischaemic state in particular areas in the brain (Wingfield and Gorman, 2000). This arterial insufficiency to the brain has been shown to effect higher level complex brain functions (Terrett, 1995). The purpose of this research was to determine whether atlanto-occipital joint as well as atlanto-axial joint adjustments had an immediate effect on mental rotation ability in individuals with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction. Sixty male and female asymptomatic patients took part in this study. These patients were recruited by means of word of mouth and through the use of advertisements placed in the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic, Doornfontein Campus. Inclusion criteria required for patients to participate in the study included the patients (both male or female) be between the ages of 18 and 30 years, they presented with an asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction at the atlantooccipital and or atlanto-axial joints, not have had either Chiropractic or any other form of treatment to the cervical spine for at least six days prior to involvement in the study, had normal or corrected to normal vision and no contraindications to cervical adjustments. vi Objective data was collected by means of a mental rotation reaction time test installed on a laptop computer which measured the patients mental rotation reaction time ability in both accuracy and time to complete each test. The objective results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant increase in mental rotation ability following the Chiropractic adjustments. In conclusion, it was shown that Chiropractic adjustments performed on patients presenting with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction at the atlantooccipital and/or the atlanto-axial joint complexes brought about no improvement in mental rotation ability.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Finberg, Craig Jason
- Date: 2009-11-16T06:53:02Z
- Subjects: Cervical vertebrae - Abnormalities , Spinal adjustment , Chiropractic
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3002
- Description: M.Tech. , It has been reported that the sympathetic nerve fibres coursing with the vertebral arteries may potentially be irritated by cervical pathology such as cervical dysfunction causing vasoconstriction of the vertebro-basilar arterial system leading to an ischaemic state in particular areas in the brain (Wingfield and Gorman, 2000). This arterial insufficiency to the brain has been shown to effect higher level complex brain functions (Terrett, 1995). The purpose of this research was to determine whether atlanto-occipital joint as well as atlanto-axial joint adjustments had an immediate effect on mental rotation ability in individuals with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction. Sixty male and female asymptomatic patients took part in this study. These patients were recruited by means of word of mouth and through the use of advertisements placed in the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic, Doornfontein Campus. Inclusion criteria required for patients to participate in the study included the patients (both male or female) be between the ages of 18 and 30 years, they presented with an asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction at the atlantooccipital and or atlanto-axial joints, not have had either Chiropractic or any other form of treatment to the cervical spine for at least six days prior to involvement in the study, had normal or corrected to normal vision and no contraindications to cervical adjustments. vi Objective data was collected by means of a mental rotation reaction time test installed on a laptop computer which measured the patients mental rotation reaction time ability in both accuracy and time to complete each test. The objective results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant increase in mental rotation ability following the Chiropractic adjustments. In conclusion, it was shown that Chiropractic adjustments performed on patients presenting with asymptomatic cervical facet joint dysfunction at the atlantooccipital and/or the atlanto-axial joint complexes brought about no improvement in mental rotation ability.
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The effect of chiropractic occipital adjustments versus sacroiliac joint adjustments on chronic lumbar sacral pain
- Authors: Geldenhuys, Roxanne
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Lumbar vertebrae , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Sacroilic joint , Cranial manipulation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/388901 , uj:2379 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4834
- Description: M.Tech. , According to the “Lovett Reactor” as explained by Walther (2000), the Atlas and the 5th lumbar vertebrae rotate in the same direction when a person walks. This relationship continues throughout the spinal column as 3rd cervical vertebrae (C3) rotates in the same direction as 3rd lumbar vertebrae (L3). From this point the movement changes to counter-rotation as 4th cervical vertebrae (C4) counter-rotates to 2nd lumbar vertebrae (L2) and 5th cervical vertebrae (C5) to 1st lumbar vertebrae (L1). According to Inman, Ralston and Todd (1981) this correlation extends as the Sacrum reacts with the Occiput. Thus, there is clinical verification demonstrating that the Lovett Reactor vertebrae are often interrelated to primary and compensatory subluxations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chiropractic Occipital adjustments versus Chiropractic Sacroiliac adjustments in the treatment of chronic Lumbar Sacral pain.
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- Authors: Geldenhuys, Roxanne
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Lumbar vertebrae , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Sacroilic joint , Cranial manipulation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/388901 , uj:2379 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4834
- Description: M.Tech. , According to the “Lovett Reactor” as explained by Walther (2000), the Atlas and the 5th lumbar vertebrae rotate in the same direction when a person walks. This relationship continues throughout the spinal column as 3rd cervical vertebrae (C3) rotates in the same direction as 3rd lumbar vertebrae (L3). From this point the movement changes to counter-rotation as 4th cervical vertebrae (C4) counter-rotates to 2nd lumbar vertebrae (L2) and 5th cervical vertebrae (C5) to 1st lumbar vertebrae (L1). According to Inman, Ralston and Todd (1981) this correlation extends as the Sacrum reacts with the Occiput. Thus, there is clinical verification demonstrating that the Lovett Reactor vertebrae are often interrelated to primary and compensatory subluxations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chiropractic Occipital adjustments versus Chiropractic Sacroiliac adjustments in the treatment of chronic Lumbar Sacral pain.
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The effects of a chiropractic upper cervical adjustment on the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular system
- Authors: Van Tonder, Lynelle
- Date: 2011-10-11T08:37:48Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Autonomic nervous system , Cardiovascular system
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/368546 , uj:7249 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3902
- Description: M.Tech. , This study was conducted to determine whether Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment Therapy (SAT) of the upper cervical spine has an effect on the normal physiological reactions that take place in the Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiovascular System whilst using the Electrocardiogram as a monitoring device. This area within Chiropractic research calls for further studies to be conducted. One hundred and twenty normotensive participants between the ages of 18 and 30 years were recruited to partake in the study via an advertisement placed in and around the University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus (Appendix A). Participants were assessed for exclusion criteria by completing a Full Case History (Appendix B), Pertinent Physical Examination (Appendix C), Cervical Spine Regional Examination (Appendix D) and a S.O.A.P. note (Appendix E). Participants were excluded from the study if it was revealed that they have contra-indications to Chiropractic SAT (Appendix F). The participants demonstrating upper cervical spine dysfunction were treated with a Chiropractic upper cervical SAT (Appendix J) while they were monitored for 3 minutes before, during treatment and 3 minutes after treatment by means of the Electrocardiogram to monitor the cardiovascular response. Participants were asked to read and sign the Subject Information and Consent form (Appendix G). Participants were required to complete the Patient Biographical Information Sheet (Appendix H) and the Patient Questionnaire regarding treatment experience (Appendix I)
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- Authors: Van Tonder, Lynelle
- Date: 2011-10-11T08:37:48Z
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Autonomic nervous system , Cardiovascular system
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/368546 , uj:7249 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3902
- Description: M.Tech. , This study was conducted to determine whether Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment Therapy (SAT) of the upper cervical spine has an effect on the normal physiological reactions that take place in the Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiovascular System whilst using the Electrocardiogram as a monitoring device. This area within Chiropractic research calls for further studies to be conducted. One hundred and twenty normotensive participants between the ages of 18 and 30 years were recruited to partake in the study via an advertisement placed in and around the University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus (Appendix A). Participants were assessed for exclusion criteria by completing a Full Case History (Appendix B), Pertinent Physical Examination (Appendix C), Cervical Spine Regional Examination (Appendix D) and a S.O.A.P. note (Appendix E). Participants were excluded from the study if it was revealed that they have contra-indications to Chiropractic SAT (Appendix F). The participants demonstrating upper cervical spine dysfunction were treated with a Chiropractic upper cervical SAT (Appendix J) while they were monitored for 3 minutes before, during treatment and 3 minutes after treatment by means of the Electrocardiogram to monitor the cardiovascular response. Participants were asked to read and sign the Subject Information and Consent form (Appendix G). Participants were required to complete the Patient Biographical Information Sheet (Appendix H) and the Patient Questionnaire regarding treatment experience (Appendix I)
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The comparative efficacy of attachment- versus innervation- segment chiropractic adjustments in the treatment of chronic, active rhomboid myofascial trigger point dysfunction
- Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Authors: Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4760
- Description: M. Tech. , Background: No substantiated theory exists by which chiropractic adjustments are known to correct myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Myofascial trigger points are theorized to be either a primary muscle dysfunction or a secondary manifestation to central/ peripheral neurological mechanisms. Chiropractic adjustments are theorized to exert their therapeutic influence either primarily through biomechanical effects and/ or via neurophysiological mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chiropractic adjustments on chronic, active rhomboid MTrPs, by comparing the clinical effects attained with rhomboid attachment-segment (C7-T5) relative to rhomboid innervation-segment (C4 and/ or C5) chiropractic adjustments. Setting: University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Participants: Thirty female subjects selected from the general population (from 18 to 40 years) were randomly divided into two different treatment groups of 15 each. Methods: The subjective information required the completion of the Subjective Pain and Discomfort Questionnaire, including the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The objective measures collected were pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and range of motion measurements using the algometer and digital inclinometer, respectively. Additionally, the change in the number of active MTrPs over the treatment period was recorded. All measurements were recorded at the first, third and fifth consultations, over a 3 to 4 week period. The data gathered were then statistically analyzed with the use of a 95% confidence interval. The nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for the intragroup comparisons, and the Mann Whitney- U test was used for the intergroup comparisons. Interventions: Treatment group 1 received upper-thoracic/ attachment- segment chiropractic adjustments, and treatment group 2 received mid-cervical/ innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments. The research project was carried out so that both groups received 5 treatment sessions over 3 to 4 weeks. Results: There were no statistically significant results obtained for intergroup comparisons. Attachment-segment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values (p=0.000), PPT values (p=0.000), cervical spine right lateral flexion range (p=0.004), thoracic spine extension (p=0.005) and left rotation range (p=0.003) over time. Innervationsegment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values v ii (p=0.001), cervical spine right rotation (p=0.003), thoracic spine flexion (p=0.001) right lateral flexion (p=0.001) and left rotation (p=0.005) over time. Conclusions: This study does not suggest that attachment-segment or innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments possess greater clinical efficacy relative to one another in terms of improving the clinical picture associated with chronic, active rhomboid MTrP activity. In a further study, a larger sample size will be necessary to identify subtle changes in measurement parameters.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4760
- Description: M. Tech. , Background: No substantiated theory exists by which chiropractic adjustments are known to correct myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Myofascial trigger points are theorized to be either a primary muscle dysfunction or a secondary manifestation to central/ peripheral neurological mechanisms. Chiropractic adjustments are theorized to exert their therapeutic influence either primarily through biomechanical effects and/ or via neurophysiological mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chiropractic adjustments on chronic, active rhomboid MTrPs, by comparing the clinical effects attained with rhomboid attachment-segment (C7-T5) relative to rhomboid innervation-segment (C4 and/ or C5) chiropractic adjustments. Setting: University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Participants: Thirty female subjects selected from the general population (from 18 to 40 years) were randomly divided into two different treatment groups of 15 each. Methods: The subjective information required the completion of the Subjective Pain and Discomfort Questionnaire, including the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The objective measures collected were pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and range of motion measurements using the algometer and digital inclinometer, respectively. Additionally, the change in the number of active MTrPs over the treatment period was recorded. All measurements were recorded at the first, third and fifth consultations, over a 3 to 4 week period. The data gathered were then statistically analyzed with the use of a 95% confidence interval. The nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for the intragroup comparisons, and the Mann Whitney- U test was used for the intergroup comparisons. Interventions: Treatment group 1 received upper-thoracic/ attachment- segment chiropractic adjustments, and treatment group 2 received mid-cervical/ innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments. The research project was carried out so that both groups received 5 treatment sessions over 3 to 4 weeks. Results: There were no statistically significant results obtained for intergroup comparisons. Attachment-segment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values (p=0.000), PPT values (p=0.000), cervical spine right lateral flexion range (p=0.004), thoracic spine extension (p=0.005) and left rotation range (p=0.003) over time. Innervationsegment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values v ii (p=0.001), cervical spine right rotation (p=0.003), thoracic spine flexion (p=0.001) right lateral flexion (p=0.001) and left rotation (p=0.005) over time. Conclusions: This study does not suggest that attachment-segment or innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments possess greater clinical efficacy relative to one another in terms of improving the clinical picture associated with chronic, active rhomboid MTrP activity. In a further study, a larger sample size will be necessary to identify subtle changes in measurement parameters.
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