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Unfinished liberation and fractured class struggles

- Beresford, Alexander

Perspektiewe op religie in ontwikkelingstudies

- De Coning, Christo Bierman

Die politiek van armoede : 'n vergelyking van die 1932 en 1989 Carnegie-verslae

- Forgey, Hermina

  • Authors: Forgey, Hermina
  • Date: 2014-07-21
  • Subjects: Poverty - South Africa , Poor - South Africa , South Africa - Economic conditions , South Africa - Social conditions
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:11720 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11445
  • Description: M.A. , The purpose of this study is to compare the 1932 and 1989 Carnegie reports which dealt respectively with the issues of white and black poverty in South Africa. In 1932 the Carnegie report on white poverty was published which dealt with the causes, dimensions and possible solutions of poverty among the white (Afiikaner) community. In 1989 a similar report was published, the emphasis however being placed on the causes, dimensions and possible solutions of black poverty. The purpose of this study is to compare these two reports in their handling of the different poverty issues with specific emphasis on the role of politics in the causes and possible solutions of poverty. Research produced interesting points of agreement and disagreement. It was found that the magnitude of black poverty far exceeds that of white poverty 50% of the black population lives in poverty while only 17.5% of whites lived in poverty during the 1930's. The two Carnegie reports used the same indicators of poverty: the shortage of housing, education, health and unemployment. The historical causes of both black and white poverty can be traced to the same roots, for example the Anglo-Boer War and the Great Depression of the 1930's. However, the main causes of white poverty according to the Carnegie report were the inability of the population to adapt to changing economic conditions, farming problems, inadequate education and isolating circumstances. These are mainly socio-economic issues. In contrast, black poverty is largely caused by political factors, i.e. the policy of apartheid that discriminated against blacks in every sphere of life. White poverty was solved by a combination of three factors. The first was a process of ethnic mobilisation launched by Afrikaner leaders and designed to address "psychological" poverty. The second was economic growth as a result of the government's industrial policy and favourable external economic conditions. The third and most important was a deliberate policy of the government aimed at combating poverty. This included generous portions of the budget allocated to poor whites, comprehensive job creation programmes, legislation designed to favour white workers as opposed to black workers and the provision of housing, health services and education to the poor whites. According to the 1989 Carnegie report, black poverty is "a profoundly political issue". Therefore it cannot be solved until a fundamental redistribution of political power has taken place. This study evaluated the complex anti-poverty strategy proposed by the Carnegie report which covers a wide range of topics (for example education, health, rural development and housing) over the short and the long term, Although the Carnegie reports did not directly contribute to the solution of white or black poverty, it did however, lead to a greater public awareness of the poverty problem Both the (future) government and the private sector are to contribute to the solution of black poverty. In the study attention was also paid to issues not addressed by the Carnegie report, such as the redistribution of land, the role of the small business sector and population growth. It is concluded that the solution of black poverty hinges on addressing their "psychological" poverty, collective action to stimulate economic growth and effective government intervention in the economy.
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Die impak van regionalisasie in Suider-Afrika op Suid-Afrika se ontwikkelingsdoelstellings

- Hanekom, P. B.

  • Authors: Hanekom, P. B.
  • Date: 2012-08-16
  • Subjects: Regional economic disparities - Case studies , Africa, Southern - Economic conditions , Africa, Southern - Economic integration , South Africa - Economic conditions
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:9479 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5910
  • Description: M.A. , The main purpose and objective of this study was to evaluate and determine the impact of regionalisation in Southern Africa on South Africa's developmental goals. With regionalisation coming to the fore as a contemporary reality of the international political economy and with the importance placed on the Reconstruction and Development Plan by the South African Government, the opportinity presented itself where the dynamic impact of regionalisation could be determined and evaluated in a meaningful and relevant manner. The major research concerning regionalisation in Southern Africa focuses on either the economic viability of integration in the Southern African region, or the form of integration which should be pursued. No single study has tried to determine the possible total impact of the process of regionalisation on a specific country. This study breaches this intellectual and academic impasse by doing a multi-leveled analysis of the impact of regionalisation on South Africa's developmental goals. The motivation for this is to lead to more specific research concerning all aspects involved for all countries concerned. The emphasis falls on the holistic nature of this topic - where spesific focus is placed on the complexity and diversity of the roleplayers involved as well as the determinants which influence them. The specific methodology used was to incorporate varied forms of data-gathering, ranging from interviews with major roleplayers to literature studies. The important fact to emphasize is that regionalisation itself must be seen as a complex structure, evolving to the needs and circumstances of the countries involved. This study shows emphatically that the orthodox theory of regionalisation can not be used in the context of developing countries. This theory is based on the experiences of the European industrialised countries. Their methods of analysis is inappropriate in developing countries. It is showed that project- and functional co-operation would suit the requirements and needs of the Southern African region far better in delivering the benefits accrued through regionalisation. Using this as premiss and focussing on the develomental goals of South Africa - the probable impact of regionalisation was determined and evaluated. The Reconstruction and Development Plan and the White Paper on the Reconstruction and Development Plan was used to identify South Africa's developmental goals. Intense research was done to estimate and determine the probable impact of regionalisation, as well as the policy issues it entails, on these goals. An effort was made to integrate each aspect and sector with other sectors and to highlight the complex nature of these interrelated issues. Only broad discussion and recommendations could be drawn. But these are sufficient to lead to futher studies on each specific aspect as well as giving a broad perspective on how South Africa's development goals will be influenced by the process of regionalisation. From this study the conclusion can be drawn that there will be costs involved for South Africa's participation in regional integration. But the benefits derived from project co-operation could make it worthwhile for South Africa to implement positive policy decisions towards further regionalisation. It is important to notice the intense complexity of each sector and the influence a change in one sector will have on all others. Careful consideration should be given before any action is taken. This serves as justification for the study on the grounds that more studies of this nature is necessary for regionalisation to expand in the region, and for Southern Africa to develop as a region. The other member-countries should conduct studies of a similar nature - and through this the most appropriate policy decisions could be taken to improve the well-being of all the people in this region.
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Economic duress : a form of improperly obtained consensus? : a feminist perspective

- Lage, Michelle Vieira

  • Authors: Lage, Michelle Vieira
  • Subjects: Contracts - South Africa , Duress (Law) , Equality - South Africa , South Africa - Economic conditions
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/413505 , uj:34838
  • Description: Abstract: For many years, the South African doctrine of duress has fell short of recognising threats of economic harm as an actionable defence in the law of contract. As we have now entered a commercial era, where a person’s economic prosperity and profitability are paramount, various legal systems such as America and England have recognised the inherent illegitimacy of these novel threats. The contextual approach adopted in these jurisdictions could provide essential guidelines for South African courts in developing a modern test for duress. By evaluating the context in which parties reach consensus, characteristics such as gender could potentially become an important factor in the courts’ evaluation. From a South African perspective, women have been historically and statistically economically vulnerable due to the gendered nature of contract law and their inequality in society. A feminist perspective on economic duress asks the question of whether a court would, in future, be more inclined to accept a claim of economic duress if the action is instituted by a woman. In addition, this perspective will also evaluate whether this approach would have commercial ramifications for women and reaffirm the notion that women are weaker contractants in need of special protection. , LL.M. (Commercial Law)
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A municipality's constitutional obligation to promote local economic development for the benefit of its disadvantaged communities

- Maleka, Witker Selaelo

  • Authors: Maleka, Witker Selaelo
  • Date: 2012-09-13
  • Subjects: South Africa - Economic conditions , Local government - South Africa , Community development - South Africa , Street vendors - South Africa - Soweto , Street vendors - Government policy - South Africa , Street vendors - Legal status, laws, etc. - South Africa
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:10350 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7713
  • Description: M.A. , In terms of the Constitution, municipalities have a mandate to govern, to provide services and to promote social and economic development. Several pieces of legislation enhance the developmental role of local government, such as the Development Facilitation Act, 1995 (Act 67 of 1995) empowering municipalities to establish statutory land development objectives setting out a clear approach to land development for each municipality. The objects of local government as stipulated in section 152 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , serve as a guideline in fulfilling its role and functions. The Integrated and Development Plan approach is more appropriate in facilitating efficiency and effectiveness in municipalities. Several provinces have passed regulations requiring that the land development objectives also cover economic development goals.The Department of Provincial and Local Government (DPLG) is compelled by law to use the Integrated Development Planning (IDP) and this is likely to shape the actions of local government in implementing policies intended to reduce poverty and inequality. A municipality must structure and manage its administration and planning process to give priority to the basic needs of the community and to promote the social and economic development of the community, according to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. Only when the majority of the citizens receive at least a lifeline supply of basic-need services and goods, can equity be achieved. This study focuses on the City of Johannesburg's constitutional obligation to promote local economic development. The study is limited in this way to make it more manageable. This area is selected on the basis that there is a diversity of people whose economic levels are highly different and therefore there is a need for LED. A municipality's approach to street traders in, for example, former Black township areas, is likely to be quite different to approaches in CBDs. The study is mainly a historical study of both published literature and unpublished material concerning municipalities' constitutional obligations to promote LED. The study is trying to pin down facts, and identify trends, in a rapidly changing environment.
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Die rol van georganiseerde arbeid in rewolusionêre strategie met besondere verwysing na die aktiwiteite van die South African Congress of Trade Unions (Sactu)

- Prinsloo, Michael Wilhelm

Backward and forward linkages in mining : a case study of Eritrea

- Redae, Tesfit Hagos

  • Authors: Redae, Tesfit Hagos
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Mineral industries - Economic aspects - South Africa , Economic development - Africa , Sustainable development - South Africa , South Africa - Economic conditions
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/452391 , uj:39899
  • Description: Abstract: The main purpose of this minor dissertation is to examine the linkages of Eritrea’s mining industry with the rest of the economy. In doing so, there is a particular focus on backward and forward linkages. Government policies, particularly the mining proclamation, form the basis of the analysis in benchmarking current practices and thereby identifying lessons learned for upcoming projects. The methodology used is a qualitative, case study method. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 21 key informant (KI) interviews and one focus group discussion (FGD). The KIs were conducted with personnel from the case company, current and potential suppliers, and government officials, while the FGD was done among internees. Secondary data is also used to give descriptive information. The findings show that the forward linkages are very limited. Copper and zinc are exported at concentrate level, while gold and silver are exported in bars. The main constraints in value addition and beneficiation are the low volume of extraction and energy. The level of backward linkages is better than the forward linkages, although they lack depth and breadth. The main reasons identified are low quality and quantity, non-competitive prices for products, and the lack of qualifications, knowledge and skills for recruitment. However, services such as trucking and machinery maintenance are provided by local companies. The presence of limited linkages, which are related to the low capability, is in line with the existing literature. , M.Phil. (Industrial Policy)
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The role of financial conditions in transmitting external shocks to South Africa

- Sithole, Thanda

  • Authors: Sithole, Thanda
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: South Africa - Economic conditions , Gross domestic product - South Africa , Economic development - South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/376314 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/225602 , uj:22792
  • Description: Abstract: This dissertation analyses the spillover effects of external financial conditions onto South Africa using quarterly domestic and international data from 1996Q1 to 2014Q4. First, principal component analysis and an vector autoregressive model are utilized to build financial conditions indices for South Africa and its trading partners, namely, China, Germany, the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, France and Belgium. Consistently across both methodologies, the financial conditions indices obtained track each other fairly well and capture the 2008/09 global financial crisis. Second, a Global Vector Autoregressive model comprised of composite financial indices and other macroeconomic variables is implemented to assess how international financial shocks spillover into South Africa. Our findings show that a sudden tightening of the United States financial conditions has a significant but short lived effect on the South Africa’s real GDP growth while the spillover effects from other trading partners appear to be of negligible impact throughout the sample period. Furthermore following a shock in South Africa’s financial conditions domestic real GDP growth declines instantaneously and persistently over the entire horizon. On average South Africa’s financial shocks subtract 1% from GDP growth over a year. , M.Com.
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Manpower development as source of economic growth in South Africa

- Smith, Anton D.

Die ekonomiese bestaansproblematiek in Suid-Afrika

- Timmer, Nelisjan

  • Authors: Timmer, Nelisjan
  • Date: 2014-05-21
  • Subjects: International economic relations , Poverty - South Africa , Unemployment - Economic aspects - South Africa , South Africa - Economic conditions
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:11156 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10748
  • Description: M.Com. (Economics) , The aim of this study was to look at the economic survival problem that has been very much in appearance in South Africa, especially recently. This will translate into a study of poverty in South Africa. In the second chapter I tried to get a clearer definition of poverty by, firstly looking at some formal definitions relating to poverty and then to look more generally at other descriptions of poverty from a more economic point of view. In this chapter we also discuss the Lorenz curve and how that can be used to measure poverty using income and the consumption of the population. Following on from this, in the third chapter we look at some definitions and theories of income and consumption. The theories we look at are the following : The General Consumption theory of Keynes, the Relative Income Hypothesis, the Permanent Income Hypothesis and the Life Cycle Hypothesis. After narrowing down the main cause of poverty, in the next two chapters we look at some characteristics of the poor in the rural areas as well as in the urban and metropolitan areas. In the chapter concerning the poor in the rural areas, the characteristics we look at are among others, the income, climatic problems, educational problems and health problems of the poor communities in these areas. When we discuss the characteristics of the urban and metropolitan poor, we also discuss the occurrence of unemployment and some measures that can alleviate this problem. In the sixth chapter we look at a comparison of South Africa with other countries in the world regarding the poverty problem, mainly at where South Africa fits into the world picture. In the summary some possible solutions for the whole poverty problem is put forward.
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Constraints to discretionary saving and investment in South Africa

- Van Rensburg, Eugene

  • Authors: Van Rensburg, Eugene
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Saving and investment - South Africa , South Africa - Economic policy , South Africa - Economic conditions
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/282545 , uj:30439
  • Description: Ph.D. (Finance) , Abstract: This research sets out to elucidate the constraints to discretionary savings and investments in South Africa. The research identifies and explores three key themes, their underlying core variables and in turn the core variable category variables, driving the current undesirably low household discretionary saving in South Africa. These being i) physical aspects of constraints variables; ii) the behavioural approach to the constraints variables; and iii) the policy mechanisms constraints variables. The key question of this research is: What are the constraints to discretionary saving and investment in South Africa? This research deals with the key concern behaviour over time being the overall undesirably low actual level and decline over time, of specifically South Africa’s household savings as a key contributor to the National Savings Rate (NSR). This has been the smallest contributor to the NSR for more than a decade and currently does not contribute at all to the NSR. The NSR is important for the following reasons: i) it is a very good indicator of the general financial health of the public and private sector; and ii) it is a very good indicator of potential future economic growth capacity as domestic savings is converted into investments. Household discretionary saving and investment is important for the following two economic and social reasons: i) investment-led behaviour lies at the heart of renewed economic growth and prosperity for the South Africa and ensures a more sustainable economically resilient future than a consumption-driven economy; and ii) an investment- led economy is the foundation of the individual’s social democratic constitutional right to equal opportunity through participation in the returns from investments into the economy. The situation, in which South Africa finds itself, with regard to the NSR could be classified as a wicked problem requiring a strong normative management approach. The qualitative research methodology of this study follows a structured grounded theory method underpinned by the philosophy of critical realism. This rigorous qualitative research methodology is complemented by the inclusion of the Delphi method, facilitated by means of technology, and various systems thinking tools and disciplines. For its theory building process the research draws on traditional economic theory and behavioural economics. The parent discipline for...
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Economic growth and development approaches of South Africa and South Korea

- Zinn, Augusta Annette

  • Authors: Zinn, Augusta Annette
  • Date: 2012-08-08
  • Subjects: South Africa - Economic conditions , South Korea - Economic conditions
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:8956 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5428
  • Description: M.B.A. , This study aims to assess the economic growth and development approaches that have been used by South Africa and South Korea. With this in mind, a brief overview at the socio-economic history of each country is given and the various plans implemented by both countries are considered. In chapter one, a brief comparison between the histories of the two countries was made. The intent of this comparison is to highlight the disparities between two countries who were once economically on par. In chapter two, the different approaches to economic growth and development is discussed. The role of human capital and its effects on a countries economy is highlighted. The question of which approach to use is also considered. Should it be purely one approach or can it be a combination from the various models? Chapters three and four deals with the various programmes that have been implemented by South Korea and South Africa, respectively. The approach used and also the outcomes (where possible) are evaluated. In the South Korean situation the difficulties that have shaped the nation and the lingering effects that are still prevalent in its policies (budget allowance for defence and education) can be discerned. In the South African situation it is apparent that the government is also trying to deal with the lingering effects of apartheid. The true results of the programmes (RDP, GEAR) implemented thus far is not clear. The aim was to explore, by means of a literature review, what the economic growth experiences are of both South Africa and South Korea for their respective time periods under review, namely, from 1995 to 2003/4 and 1960 to 2003. the objectives of the study were, to explore the social and economic history of South Korea and of South Africa in order to determine, by means of comparison, policies and or strategies that South Africa might be able to use (if any) in order to establish and maintain economic growth.
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