An assessment of infrastructure financing in South Africa : a theoretical assessment
- Chiloane, K.O., Aigbavboa, C.O.
- Authors: Chiloane, K.O. , Aigbavboa, C.O.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Infrastructure , Finance , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/215197 , uj:21377 , Citation: Chiloane, K.O & Aigbavboa, C.O. 2016. An assessment of infrastructure financing in South Africa : a theoretical assessment.
- Description: Abstract: Infrastructure development in many countries is considered as the most important factor which contributes to production growth by encouraging economic activities, productivity and improving the quality of life. Infrastructure is considered to have a positive and significant effect on productivity growth in all sectors of the economy. Infrastructure development is a means of promoting economic growth and it is essential for any country to investment in infrastructure that will leads to economic growth. Infrastructure is categorized in different category namely: physical infrastructure (which includes water system, electricity, roads and transport, etc.) and social infrastructure (which includes education and health facilities). In simple words infrastructure development aid to stimulates economic growth and create jobs for citizens. This is the indication that government must invest in infrastructure development and enjoy the benefits their investments will stimulates and also to maintain service delivery to the public. The objective of this study is to assess the sources of infrastructure financing in South Africa. The study is conducted with reference to existing theoretical literature, published and unpublished researches in order to assess the sources of infrastructure financing in South Africa. Findings revealed that there are major sources of infrastructure financing which includes: tax revenues; lenders to government or enterprises (loans or guarantees); private investors (equity); development agencies (loans); donors (grants); tariffs and public-private partnerships. The study is conducted with reference to existing literature, unpublished and published research. Hence, this study assess the sources of infrastructure financing in South Africa and presented a robust background on the current sources of infrastructure financing. The findings of this study thus contribute to the body of knowledge on infrastructure financing and other available sources of infrastructure financing other than the use of taxation revenues to finance infrastructure. Furthermore, the findings provides a robust understanding of the need and importance of financing infrastructure.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Chiloane, K.O. , Aigbavboa, C.O.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Infrastructure , Finance , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/215197 , uj:21377 , Citation: Chiloane, K.O & Aigbavboa, C.O. 2016. An assessment of infrastructure financing in South Africa : a theoretical assessment.
- Description: Abstract: Infrastructure development in many countries is considered as the most important factor which contributes to production growth by encouraging economic activities, productivity and improving the quality of life. Infrastructure is considered to have a positive and significant effect on productivity growth in all sectors of the economy. Infrastructure development is a means of promoting economic growth and it is essential for any country to investment in infrastructure that will leads to economic growth. Infrastructure is categorized in different category namely: physical infrastructure (which includes water system, electricity, roads and transport, etc.) and social infrastructure (which includes education and health facilities). In simple words infrastructure development aid to stimulates economic growth and create jobs for citizens. This is the indication that government must invest in infrastructure development and enjoy the benefits their investments will stimulates and also to maintain service delivery to the public. The objective of this study is to assess the sources of infrastructure financing in South Africa. The study is conducted with reference to existing theoretical literature, published and unpublished researches in order to assess the sources of infrastructure financing in South Africa. Findings revealed that there are major sources of infrastructure financing which includes: tax revenues; lenders to government or enterprises (loans or guarantees); private investors (equity); development agencies (loans); donors (grants); tariffs and public-private partnerships. The study is conducted with reference to existing literature, unpublished and published research. Hence, this study assess the sources of infrastructure financing in South Africa and presented a robust background on the current sources of infrastructure financing. The findings of this study thus contribute to the body of knowledge on infrastructure financing and other available sources of infrastructure financing other than the use of taxation revenues to finance infrastructure. Furthermore, the findings provides a robust understanding of the need and importance of financing infrastructure.
- Full Text: false
Car ownership perceptions and intentions amongst South African students
- Authors: Luke, Rose
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Car ownership , Developing country , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/254749 , uj:26681 , Citation: Luke, R. 2017. Car ownership perceptions and intentions amongst South African students.
- Description: Abstract: High levels of car ownership have major impacts on congestion and thus the mobility, accessibility, heath and liveability in cities. Increasing car ownership is already reflected in high congestion levels in South African cities and does not appear to be reducing, despite policy interventions. The factors that drive the high car ownership intentions thus need to be investigated, so that policy efforts can be appropriately directed. The study aimed at investigating the car ownership intentions of students, as being most likely to drive car sales in the future, with the purpose of understanding the factors underlying the high desire to own a car. The study finds that although costs are the main barrier to market entry, and that most students intend to purchase a car as soon as they can afford it. These intentions are largely driven by the view that the quality of public transport constrains the movement of people and does not provide a travel alternative that is considered to be a reasonable alternative to the car, as indicated by the view that cars are a necessity. The study finds that although there are differences in the valuation of public and alternative modes of transport, based on demographic elements, familiarity with car usage and psychosocial factors, most students intend to own a car as the best means of travel, with little seeming to moderate the decision. The poor valuation of public and alternative transport suggests however that, whilst other measures to curb car use and promote public transport may have value, only significant service level improvements in public transport is likely to drive real behaviour change.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Luke, Rose
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Car ownership , Developing country , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/254749 , uj:26681 , Citation: Luke, R. 2017. Car ownership perceptions and intentions amongst South African students.
- Description: Abstract: High levels of car ownership have major impacts on congestion and thus the mobility, accessibility, heath and liveability in cities. Increasing car ownership is already reflected in high congestion levels in South African cities and does not appear to be reducing, despite policy interventions. The factors that drive the high car ownership intentions thus need to be investigated, so that policy efforts can be appropriately directed. The study aimed at investigating the car ownership intentions of students, as being most likely to drive car sales in the future, with the purpose of understanding the factors underlying the high desire to own a car. The study finds that although costs are the main barrier to market entry, and that most students intend to purchase a car as soon as they can afford it. These intentions are largely driven by the view that the quality of public transport constrains the movement of people and does not provide a travel alternative that is considered to be a reasonable alternative to the car, as indicated by the view that cars are a necessity. The study finds that although there are differences in the valuation of public and alternative modes of transport, based on demographic elements, familiarity with car usage and psychosocial factors, most students intend to own a car as the best means of travel, with little seeming to moderate the decision. The poor valuation of public and alternative transport suggests however that, whilst other measures to curb car use and promote public transport may have value, only significant service level improvements in public transport is likely to drive real behaviour change.
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Intrapreneurial orientation in small and medium-sized enterprises : an exploration at the employee level
- Schachtebeck, Chris, Groenewald, Darelle, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Authors: Schachtebeck, Chris , Groenewald, Darelle , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Intrapreneurship , Intrapreneurial orientation , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/294914 , uj:32098 , Citation: Schachtebeck, C., Groenewald, D. & Nieuwenhuizen, C., 2019, ‘Intrapreneurial orientation in small and medium-sized enterprises: An exploration at the employee level’, Acta Commercii 19(2), a638. https://doi.org/10.4102/ ac.v19i2.638 , ISSN: 1684-1999 (Online) , ISSN: 2413-1903 (Print)
- Description: Abstract: The South African economy and, in particular, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have shown uninspiring performance, reflected in low levels of job creation, worryingly low levels of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial employee activity (EEA). As SMEs are the innovation and growth engine of an economy, the poor EEA levels (0.7%) indicate lacklustre levels of innovation and intrapreneurial activity...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Schachtebeck, Chris , Groenewald, Darelle , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Intrapreneurship , Intrapreneurial orientation , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/294914 , uj:32098 , Citation: Schachtebeck, C., Groenewald, D. & Nieuwenhuizen, C., 2019, ‘Intrapreneurial orientation in small and medium-sized enterprises: An exploration at the employee level’, Acta Commercii 19(2), a638. https://doi.org/10.4102/ ac.v19i2.638 , ISSN: 1684-1999 (Online) , ISSN: 2413-1903 (Print)
- Description: Abstract: The South African economy and, in particular, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have shown uninspiring performance, reflected in low levels of job creation, worryingly low levels of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial employee activity (EEA). As SMEs are the innovation and growth engine of an economy, the poor EEA levels (0.7%) indicate lacklustre levels of innovation and intrapreneurial activity...
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Multiple epitope immunogens (MEI) mimic the variability of the V3 loop of HIV-1 subtype C.
- Authors: Hewer, Raymond
- Date: 2008-05-09T12:01:35Z
- Subjects: immune system , synthesis , peptides , HIV infections , South Africa , AIDS vaccines
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/370144 , uj:7012 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/351
- Description: M.Sc. , Therapeutic and preventative treatment are continually being sought to cease or curtail the worldwide HIV-1 epidemic. At present, therapeutic drug strategies such as highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) have been particularly successful in slowing disease progression and reducing the incidence of AIDS and AIDS related mortality (Detels et al., 1998; Mocroft et al., 1998; Palella et al., 1998). However, the high costs, intricate dosing regimens and limited availability of the HAART drugs (Butera, 2000) has restricted its efficacy in developing and third world countries. As such, available and future drugs will remain inaccessible to the regions that are profoundly affected by the epidemic. An effective vaccine presents a viable solution to the HIV-1 epidemic in these countries. Approximately 70 vaccines are presently in various stages of clinical trials, the majority of which are subtype B specific (Johnston and Flores, 2001). This prevents their use in the predominantly subtype C infected sub-Saharan region of Africa, which accounts for 50% of the global HIV / AIDS population and includes South Africa, statistically the country with the highest number of people living with HIV / AIDS of any country in the world (UNAIDS, 2002). Presently there is no HIV-1 vaccine, regardless of subtype, in clinical use. This owes to several difficulties that hinder the progression of vaccine development, including the lack of predictive animal models, the establishment of viral latency and the difficulty involved in overcoming HIV-1 genetic diversity (Klein, 1999). The expansive HIV-1 genetic variation exhibited by HIV-1 is attributed to a high number of errors made by the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme (Coffin, 1992) and the absence of RT proofreading mechanisms during HIV-1 replication (Roberts et al., 1988; Bebenek et al., 1989). The HIV-1 nucleotide sequence drift is most frequently observed in the envelope (env) gene and expressed in env gene products (Shafer et al., 1999). Expression of the variable genome results in the production of progeny strains that are not identical to the parent strain (i.e. HIV-1 exists as a quasispecies within each seropositive individual and between individuals) and contributes to the diverse collection of viral strains in global circulation that vary across and within subtypes. Thus, for an HIV-1 vaccine to be efficient and truly functional it would be required to target this observed hypervariability and be effective against a multitude of currently circulating strains, exhibit cross-clade specificity and remain viable despite the emergence of variant strains. In this study we describe the design, synthesis and immunological ability of a multiple epitope immunogen (MEI) that mimics the hypervariability observed within the third variable (V3) loop of the envelope gp120 region of HIV-1 subtype C. Conjugation to a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) produces a four -branched (b4) tetrameric peptide construct, designated MEIV3b4. This construct was characterized by theoretical and analytical techniques, tested in a variety of immunological assays and assessed for its potential as a candidate vaccine component. The construct was comparatively analysed through evaluation of three comparison peptides, two of which are hypervariable and based on the V3 region, the other representing a conserved region of HIV-1 envelope. The V3 peptides, named b-MEI-s and poly-L-MEI, differ from the MEIV3b4 construct in that they are less variable and less branched or conjugated to a traditional carrier rather than to a MAP system, respectively. The conserved peptide, designated CCD4 allowed for comparative evaluation between conserved and variable peptides as potential vaccine components. , Dr. Debra Meyer
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hewer, Raymond
- Date: 2008-05-09T12:01:35Z
- Subjects: immune system , synthesis , peptides , HIV infections , South Africa , AIDS vaccines
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/370144 , uj:7012 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/351
- Description: M.Sc. , Therapeutic and preventative treatment are continually being sought to cease or curtail the worldwide HIV-1 epidemic. At present, therapeutic drug strategies such as highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) have been particularly successful in slowing disease progression and reducing the incidence of AIDS and AIDS related mortality (Detels et al., 1998; Mocroft et al., 1998; Palella et al., 1998). However, the high costs, intricate dosing regimens and limited availability of the HAART drugs (Butera, 2000) has restricted its efficacy in developing and third world countries. As such, available and future drugs will remain inaccessible to the regions that are profoundly affected by the epidemic. An effective vaccine presents a viable solution to the HIV-1 epidemic in these countries. Approximately 70 vaccines are presently in various stages of clinical trials, the majority of which are subtype B specific (Johnston and Flores, 2001). This prevents their use in the predominantly subtype C infected sub-Saharan region of Africa, which accounts for 50% of the global HIV / AIDS population and includes South Africa, statistically the country with the highest number of people living with HIV / AIDS of any country in the world (UNAIDS, 2002). Presently there is no HIV-1 vaccine, regardless of subtype, in clinical use. This owes to several difficulties that hinder the progression of vaccine development, including the lack of predictive animal models, the establishment of viral latency and the difficulty involved in overcoming HIV-1 genetic diversity (Klein, 1999). The expansive HIV-1 genetic variation exhibited by HIV-1 is attributed to a high number of errors made by the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme (Coffin, 1992) and the absence of RT proofreading mechanisms during HIV-1 replication (Roberts et al., 1988; Bebenek et al., 1989). The HIV-1 nucleotide sequence drift is most frequently observed in the envelope (env) gene and expressed in env gene products (Shafer et al., 1999). Expression of the variable genome results in the production of progeny strains that are not identical to the parent strain (i.e. HIV-1 exists as a quasispecies within each seropositive individual and between individuals) and contributes to the diverse collection of viral strains in global circulation that vary across and within subtypes. Thus, for an HIV-1 vaccine to be efficient and truly functional it would be required to target this observed hypervariability and be effective against a multitude of currently circulating strains, exhibit cross-clade specificity and remain viable despite the emergence of variant strains. In this study we describe the design, synthesis and immunological ability of a multiple epitope immunogen (MEI) that mimics the hypervariability observed within the third variable (V3) loop of the envelope gp120 region of HIV-1 subtype C. Conjugation to a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) produces a four -branched (b4) tetrameric peptide construct, designated MEIV3b4. This construct was characterized by theoretical and analytical techniques, tested in a variety of immunological assays and assessed for its potential as a candidate vaccine component. The construct was comparatively analysed through evaluation of three comparison peptides, two of which are hypervariable and based on the V3 region, the other representing a conserved region of HIV-1 envelope. The V3 peptides, named b-MEI-s and poly-L-MEI, differ from the MEIV3b4 construct in that they are less variable and less branched or conjugated to a traditional carrier rather than to a MAP system, respectively. The conserved peptide, designated CCD4 allowed for comparative evaluation between conserved and variable peptides as potential vaccine components. , Dr. Debra Meyer
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A comparative study of emissions from coal-fired power stations in South Africa and other selected countries
- Authors: Wilreker, Gerlinde Isabelle
- Date: 2009-01-29T12:09:40Z
- Subjects: Coal-fired power plants , Australia , Canada , Germany , India , South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14854 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1976
- Description: M.Sc. , Worldwide, coal is one of the major sources of energy. In 1999 it was estimated that the global electricity generation from coal was about 36% of the total world electricity production (Knapp, 1999:11). With the combustion of coal for electricity generation however, negative environmental impacts occur. These are mainly caused by carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter emissions. With an ever-growing global population, the need and demand for electricity is increasing. These needs and demands need to be addressed in an economically, socially and environmentally acceptable manner. In this study the author examines, analyses and compares the emissions from coalfired power stations in South Africa, Australia, Canada, Germany, India and the United States of America over a chosen period of time (1995-2001). The results of the study indicate, that, within the comparative group, South Africa is not the greatest producer of emissions from coal-fired power stations. It is the fourth biggest emitter of CO2. It has the highest SO2 emissions, because of the low-grade coal burned in the power stations that have been specifically designed to burn this type of coal. It is the second biggest emitter of NOx, and the third biggest emitter of particulates. Germany is the country that has shown the greatest progress in emissions reductions. This has been the result of restructuring and economic incentives. Overall, South Africa can be ranked third, on par with Australia.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Wilreker, Gerlinde Isabelle
- Date: 2009-01-29T12:09:40Z
- Subjects: Coal-fired power plants , Australia , Canada , Germany , India , South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14854 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1976
- Description: M.Sc. , Worldwide, coal is one of the major sources of energy. In 1999 it was estimated that the global electricity generation from coal was about 36% of the total world electricity production (Knapp, 1999:11). With the combustion of coal for electricity generation however, negative environmental impacts occur. These are mainly caused by carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter emissions. With an ever-growing global population, the need and demand for electricity is increasing. These needs and demands need to be addressed in an economically, socially and environmentally acceptable manner. In this study the author examines, analyses and compares the emissions from coalfired power stations in South Africa, Australia, Canada, Germany, India and the United States of America over a chosen period of time (1995-2001). The results of the study indicate, that, within the comparative group, South Africa is not the greatest producer of emissions from coal-fired power stations. It is the fourth biggest emitter of CO2. It has the highest SO2 emissions, because of the low-grade coal burned in the power stations that have been specifically designed to burn this type of coal. It is the second biggest emitter of NOx, and the third biggest emitter of particulates. Germany is the country that has shown the greatest progress in emissions reductions. This has been the result of restructuring and economic incentives. Overall, South Africa can be ranked third, on par with Australia.
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Application of the Technology Acceptance Model and the Technology–Organisation–Environment Model to examine social media marketing use in the South African tourism industry
- Matikiti, Rosemary, Mpinganjira, Mercy, Roberts-Lombard, Mornay
- Authors: Matikiti, Rosemary , Mpinganjira, Mercy , Roberts-Lombard, Mornay
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Social media marketing , South Africa , Tourism industry
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/270262 , uj:28723 , Citation: Matikiti, R., Mpinganjira, M. & Roberts-Lombard, M., 2018, ‘Application of the Technology Acceptance Model and the Technology– Organisation–Environment Model to examine social media marketing use in the South African tourism industry’, South African Journal of Information Management 20(1), a790. https://doi.org/10.4102/ sajim.v20i1.790 , ISSN: 1560-683X (Online) , ISSN: 2078-1865 (Print)
- Description: Abstract: Background: In tourism globally there is a growing interest in social media marketing research. However, most previous research on social media marketing has focused on large tourism enterprises such as chain hotels, leaving out small tourism businesses such as travel agencies and tour operators. Objective: The aim of this research was to establish factors that influence attitude towards the use of social media marketing by travel agencies and tour operators in South Africa. Method: The study adopted a quantitative approach through the use of questionnaires. Data used in the analysis was collected from a total of 150 travel agencies and tour operators by means of a structured questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and one‐way ANOVA were used for data analysis...
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- Authors: Matikiti, Rosemary , Mpinganjira, Mercy , Roberts-Lombard, Mornay
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Social media marketing , South Africa , Tourism industry
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/270262 , uj:28723 , Citation: Matikiti, R., Mpinganjira, M. & Roberts-Lombard, M., 2018, ‘Application of the Technology Acceptance Model and the Technology– Organisation–Environment Model to examine social media marketing use in the South African tourism industry’, South African Journal of Information Management 20(1), a790. https://doi.org/10.4102/ sajim.v20i1.790 , ISSN: 1560-683X (Online) , ISSN: 2078-1865 (Print)
- Description: Abstract: Background: In tourism globally there is a growing interest in social media marketing research. However, most previous research on social media marketing has focused on large tourism enterprises such as chain hotels, leaving out small tourism businesses such as travel agencies and tour operators. Objective: The aim of this research was to establish factors that influence attitude towards the use of social media marketing by travel agencies and tour operators in South Africa. Method: The study adopted a quantitative approach through the use of questionnaires. Data used in the analysis was collected from a total of 150 travel agencies and tour operators by means of a structured questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and one‐way ANOVA were used for data analysis...
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Managing work integrated learning strengths, opportunities and risks in the emerging South African environment
- Govender, Cookie M., Wait, Marius
- Authors: Govender, Cookie M. , Wait, Marius
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Work integrated learning (WIL) , WIL project , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244448 , uj:25277 , Citation: Govender, C.M. & Wait, M. 2017. Managing work integrated learning strengths, opportunities and risks in the emerging South African environment.
- Description: Abstract: It is critical for the current rapidly changing education, government and business environments that training providers provide practical application to enhance theoretical learning in education, training and development programs. There is a need for effective and efficient work integrated learning (WIL) project leaders who aim to develop future-fit graduate or employee skills and competencies. Empirical research was conducted to identify, confirm and present the strengths, opportunities and risks (weaknesses and threats) in WIL projects in the emerging South African context. The qualitative research method entailed a classical two round Delphi technique and inductive content analysis. The key findings reveal that WIL project strengths include gaining a competitive advantage, forging industry partnerships and creating employment opportunities. Key weaknesses include the lack of a WIL project strategy, having limited skills and a lack of marketing competencies. Key opportunities include enhancing a diverse range of skills, creating new markets and further study with WIL. A key threat is the changing landscape. The theoretical contribution of this study is that it adds to the body of knowledge on WIL projects in South Africa, Africa and other developing economies. The research contribution is the use of the Delphi technique to gain validated consensus on WIL project management criteria. The practical contribution lies in the WIL SWOT matrix that can be utilized by WIL project leaders, managers and administrators to effectively and efficiently evaluate their WIL and other education, training and development projects.
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- Authors: Govender, Cookie M. , Wait, Marius
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Work integrated learning (WIL) , WIL project , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244448 , uj:25277 , Citation: Govender, C.M. & Wait, M. 2017. Managing work integrated learning strengths, opportunities and risks in the emerging South African environment.
- Description: Abstract: It is critical for the current rapidly changing education, government and business environments that training providers provide practical application to enhance theoretical learning in education, training and development programs. There is a need for effective and efficient work integrated learning (WIL) project leaders who aim to develop future-fit graduate or employee skills and competencies. Empirical research was conducted to identify, confirm and present the strengths, opportunities and risks (weaknesses and threats) in WIL projects in the emerging South African context. The qualitative research method entailed a classical two round Delphi technique and inductive content analysis. The key findings reveal that WIL project strengths include gaining a competitive advantage, forging industry partnerships and creating employment opportunities. Key weaknesses include the lack of a WIL project strategy, having limited skills and a lack of marketing competencies. Key opportunities include enhancing a diverse range of skills, creating new markets and further study with WIL. A key threat is the changing landscape. The theoretical contribution of this study is that it adds to the body of knowledge on WIL projects in South Africa, Africa and other developing economies. The research contribution is the use of the Delphi technique to gain validated consensus on WIL project management criteria. The practical contribution lies in the WIL SWOT matrix that can be utilized by WIL project leaders, managers and administrators to effectively and efficiently evaluate their WIL and other education, training and development projects.
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Paradigm for the development of South African prisoners in the post-apartheid dispensation.
- Authors: Richards, Jacoba Cornelia
- Date: 2008-06-09T07:57:14Z
- Subjects: South Africa , community development , poverty , prisoners
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9415 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/584
- Description: According to comparable statistics, South Africa has one of the highest per capita prison populations in the world. Improvement of the capacity of the Department of Correctional Services to provide prisoners with effective development opportunities is identified as a key objective. This implicate that development needs of prisoners, governmental directives on development as well as the availability of resources must be the guiding principles. Policy-makers in South Africa during the apartheid years associated themselves with the values and norms of the Western world, resulting in the prison system to predominantly operate from a First World perspective. Realities of the so-called “Third World”, from which the majority of the prisoners originated, were seemingly ignored. Indications are that theoretical models for the development of South African prisoners were repeatedly based on a Euro-centric approach that proved itself ineffective to offer need based development opportunities, or to be applied within the realities of available resources. It appears that the real obstacle that prevented the availing of applicable development opportunities to the broad prison population was not insufficient resources, but the lack of an applicable paradigm for the planning and rendering of such programmes. It should be recognized that the development programmes (mostly based on a therapeutic approach) had generally failed to address the need directed development of South African prisoners, and that a radical re-direction towards a paradigm that can generate need based and accessible development opportunities for the broad prisoners population, mostly from poverty stricken circumstances, is indicated. Poverty is seen as the single greatest burden of South Africa's people and is believed to be a precursor to becoming a criminal. It also seems that the majority of South African prisoners are from previously disadvantaged population groups, where poverty was a daily reality. Contributing to poverty alleviation by creating opportunities for the empowerment of those prisoners who are not able to provide independently in their own basic needs, and to provide them with opportunities to compensate for inadequate development opportunities due to poverty or other aggravating circumstances, are some of the challenges that face the Department of Correctional Services. Community development offers applicable parameters to meet the development needs of South African prisoners, in line with governmental directives and international trends in development. It can contribute to the government's aim to eradicate poverty and inequality by generating opportunities for the actualisation of the potential of prisoners and also include them as participants in their own development. Programme delivery can be re-directed from a therapeutic (Eurocentric) to a developmental approach to provide development opportunities applicable to the specific needs of the prisoners. As community development is not the domain of a single profession both professional and custodial personnel can become development facilitators. The task of the psychosocial personnel needs to be expanded beyond the therapeutic model to a social development model to be able to facilitate the development of the broad prison population within the realities of available resources. The acceptance of community development as model for the development of South African prisoners will position the Department of Correctional Services in line with government's directives on development. It will promote cost effective service delivery as simple solutions can be put into practice at low cost rather than expensive and sophisticated ideas. Equity will be promoted, as development programmes according to the community development model will focus on poverty alleviation elimination of inequality. Ultimately it can be expected that the development of the inherent potential of South African prisoners will contribute to combat crime, and to the reconstruction of the Country. , Prof. Hennie Swanepoel
- Full Text:
- Authors: Richards, Jacoba Cornelia
- Date: 2008-06-09T07:57:14Z
- Subjects: South Africa , community development , poverty , prisoners
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9415 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/584
- Description: According to comparable statistics, South Africa has one of the highest per capita prison populations in the world. Improvement of the capacity of the Department of Correctional Services to provide prisoners with effective development opportunities is identified as a key objective. This implicate that development needs of prisoners, governmental directives on development as well as the availability of resources must be the guiding principles. Policy-makers in South Africa during the apartheid years associated themselves with the values and norms of the Western world, resulting in the prison system to predominantly operate from a First World perspective. Realities of the so-called “Third World”, from which the majority of the prisoners originated, were seemingly ignored. Indications are that theoretical models for the development of South African prisoners were repeatedly based on a Euro-centric approach that proved itself ineffective to offer need based development opportunities, or to be applied within the realities of available resources. It appears that the real obstacle that prevented the availing of applicable development opportunities to the broad prison population was not insufficient resources, but the lack of an applicable paradigm for the planning and rendering of such programmes. It should be recognized that the development programmes (mostly based on a therapeutic approach) had generally failed to address the need directed development of South African prisoners, and that a radical re-direction towards a paradigm that can generate need based and accessible development opportunities for the broad prisoners population, mostly from poverty stricken circumstances, is indicated. Poverty is seen as the single greatest burden of South Africa's people and is believed to be a precursor to becoming a criminal. It also seems that the majority of South African prisoners are from previously disadvantaged population groups, where poverty was a daily reality. Contributing to poverty alleviation by creating opportunities for the empowerment of those prisoners who are not able to provide independently in their own basic needs, and to provide them with opportunities to compensate for inadequate development opportunities due to poverty or other aggravating circumstances, are some of the challenges that face the Department of Correctional Services. Community development offers applicable parameters to meet the development needs of South African prisoners, in line with governmental directives and international trends in development. It can contribute to the government's aim to eradicate poverty and inequality by generating opportunities for the actualisation of the potential of prisoners and also include them as participants in their own development. Programme delivery can be re-directed from a therapeutic (Eurocentric) to a developmental approach to provide development opportunities applicable to the specific needs of the prisoners. As community development is not the domain of a single profession both professional and custodial personnel can become development facilitators. The task of the psychosocial personnel needs to be expanded beyond the therapeutic model to a social development model to be able to facilitate the development of the broad prison population within the realities of available resources. The acceptance of community development as model for the development of South African prisoners will position the Department of Correctional Services in line with government's directives on development. It will promote cost effective service delivery as simple solutions can be put into practice at low cost rather than expensive and sophisticated ideas. Equity will be promoted, as development programmes according to the community development model will focus on poverty alleviation elimination of inequality. Ultimately it can be expected that the development of the inherent potential of South African prisoners will contribute to combat crime, and to the reconstruction of the Country. , Prof. Hennie Swanepoel
- Full Text:
Ethical belief and ethical intention : Comparing South African and Polish commerce students’ perceptions
- Roberts-Lombard, M., Goldman, G., Knight, J.
- Authors: Roberts-Lombard, M. , Goldman, G. , Knight, J.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Ethical intention , Ethical belief , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/255339 , uj:26782 , Citation: Roberts-Lombard, M., Goldman, G. & Knight, J. 2017. Ethical belief and ethical intention : Comparing South African and Polish commerce students’ perceptions.
- Description: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to address the differences between the ethical intentions and beliefs of students in business studies in South Africa and Poland. The target population was all full-time students, registered for a commerce degree at selected higher education (tertiary) institutions in South Africa and Poland. The measuring instrument was a self-administered questionnaire which presented seven ethical scenarios to respondents to which they provided a yes/no response to each part of the question. Probability sampling was used, and the convenient sampling technique applied to select the sample. Chi-squared analysis was performed on the data to test the stated null hypotheses at a 95% confidence level. The imminent conclusion that flows from the study is that differences do exist between the ethical beliefs and ethical intentions of business students in South Africa and Poland, but these differences seem to be fairly similar across both countries.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Roberts-Lombard, M. , Goldman, G. , Knight, J.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Ethical intention , Ethical belief , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/255339 , uj:26782 , Citation: Roberts-Lombard, M., Goldman, G. & Knight, J. 2017. Ethical belief and ethical intention : Comparing South African and Polish commerce students’ perceptions.
- Description: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to address the differences between the ethical intentions and beliefs of students in business studies in South Africa and Poland. The target population was all full-time students, registered for a commerce degree at selected higher education (tertiary) institutions in South Africa and Poland. The measuring instrument was a self-administered questionnaire which presented seven ethical scenarios to respondents to which they provided a yes/no response to each part of the question. Probability sampling was used, and the convenient sampling technique applied to select the sample. Chi-squared analysis was performed on the data to test the stated null hypotheses at a 95% confidence level. The imminent conclusion that flows from the study is that differences do exist between the ethical beliefs and ethical intentions of business students in South Africa and Poland, but these differences seem to be fairly similar across both countries.
- Full Text:
Male care-leavers’ transfer of social skills from care into independent living in South Africa
- Mmusi, Fatima Ipeleng, Van Breda, Adrian. D.
- Authors: Mmusi, Fatima Ipeleng , Van Breda, Adrian. D.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: South Africa , Care-leaving , Youth transitions
- Language: English
- Type: Articles
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241914 , uj:24940 , Citation: Mmusi, F.I. & Van Breda, A.D. 2017. Male care-leavers’ transfer of social skills from care into independent living in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Residential child and youth care centres typically provide programmes to develop the social and life skills of the children in care, on the assumption that these skills will equip them for adult life. However, there is little research to show whether and how these skills are transferred from the child care setting to young adulthood. This qualitative study investigates how a sample of male care-leavers from Girls and Boys Town South Africa transferred these social skills into independent living. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten young men who had left care 2-5 years previously. Content analysis of the data was conducted. Findings indicate that participants could recall the skills they had learned in care and reflect on how they have applied these skills in their adult lives. In many cases, skills that were lost or abandoned were later recovered during times of crisis; and many participants adapted the skills to be more applicable in their adult world contexts. Teaching social and life skills, using rigorous and structured methods, appears to be a useful intervention with long-term benefits to young people after leaving care. However, the flexible and context-specific use of these skills should also be emphasised.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mmusi, Fatima Ipeleng , Van Breda, Adrian. D.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: South Africa , Care-leaving , Youth transitions
- Language: English
- Type: Articles
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241914 , uj:24940 , Citation: Mmusi, F.I. & Van Breda, A.D. 2017. Male care-leavers’ transfer of social skills from care into independent living in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Residential child and youth care centres typically provide programmes to develop the social and life skills of the children in care, on the assumption that these skills will equip them for adult life. However, there is little research to show whether and how these skills are transferred from the child care setting to young adulthood. This qualitative study investigates how a sample of male care-leavers from Girls and Boys Town South Africa transferred these social skills into independent living. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten young men who had left care 2-5 years previously. Content analysis of the data was conducted. Findings indicate that participants could recall the skills they had learned in care and reflect on how they have applied these skills in their adult lives. In many cases, skills that were lost or abandoned were later recovered during times of crisis; and many participants adapted the skills to be more applicable in their adult world contexts. Teaching social and life skills, using rigorous and structured methods, appears to be a useful intervention with long-term benefits to young people after leaving care. However, the flexible and context-specific use of these skills should also be emphasised.
- Full Text:
Economic policy uncertainty and herding behaviour : evidence from the South African housing market
- Cakan, Esin, Demirer, Riza, Gupta, Rangan, Uwilingiye, Josine
- Authors: Cakan, Esin , Demirer, Riza , Gupta, Rangan , Uwilingiye, Josine
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Herding , Housing Market , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399907 , uj:33351 , Citation: Esin Cakan & Riza Demirer & Rangan Gupta & Josine Uwilingiye, 2019. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Herding Behavior: Evidence from the South African Housing Market," Working Papers 201921, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- Description: Abstract: This paper examines the link between economic policy uncertainty and herding behaviour in financial markets with an application to the South African housing market. Building on the evidence in the literature that herding behaviour driven by human emotions is not only limited to financial markets, but is also present in real estate investments, we examine the presence of herding in this emerging market via static and dynamic herding tests. While the static model fails to detect herding in the South African housing market, a dynamic model based on a two-regime Markov switching specification shows evidence of herding during the high volatility regime only, consistent with the notion that herd behaviour is primarily driven by increased market uncertainty. Extending our analysis via quantile regressions, we further show that higher quantiles of policy uncertainty are associated with greater likelihood of being in the herding regime, thus establishing a link between policy uncertainty and herding behaviour. Overall, our findings suggest that policy uncertainty can serve as a driver of market inefficiencies, which in our case, is associated by the presence of herding.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cakan, Esin , Demirer, Riza , Gupta, Rangan , Uwilingiye, Josine
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Herding , Housing Market , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399907 , uj:33351 , Citation: Esin Cakan & Riza Demirer & Rangan Gupta & Josine Uwilingiye, 2019. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Herding Behavior: Evidence from the South African Housing Market," Working Papers 201921, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- Description: Abstract: This paper examines the link between economic policy uncertainty and herding behaviour in financial markets with an application to the South African housing market. Building on the evidence in the literature that herding behaviour driven by human emotions is not only limited to financial markets, but is also present in real estate investments, we examine the presence of herding in this emerging market via static and dynamic herding tests. While the static model fails to detect herding in the South African housing market, a dynamic model based on a two-regime Markov switching specification shows evidence of herding during the high volatility regime only, consistent with the notion that herd behaviour is primarily driven by increased market uncertainty. Extending our analysis via quantile regressions, we further show that higher quantiles of policy uncertainty are associated with greater likelihood of being in the herding regime, thus establishing a link between policy uncertainty and herding behaviour. Overall, our findings suggest that policy uncertainty can serve as a driver of market inefficiencies, which in our case, is associated by the presence of herding.
- Full Text:
Wedding tourism in South Africa: an exploratory analysis
- Rogerson, Jayne M., Wolfaardt, Zaria
- Authors: Rogerson, Jayne M. , Wolfaardt, Zaria
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Niche tourism , Wedding tourism , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93505 , uj:20357 , Citation: Rogerson, J.M. & Wolfaardt, Z. 2016. Wedding tourism in South Africa: an exploratory analysis.
- Description: Abstract: Niche forms of tourism are a growing focus in tourism scholarship. One little explored form of niche tourism is the specialized micro-niche of wedding tourism. Within the growing literature that deals with niche forms of tourism in South Africa there has thus far been minimal attention given to the notion of wedding tourism. This article addresses this investigatory void through an exploratory analysis of the wedding tourism industry in South Africa in general and more specifically of Gauteng, the country‟s major population hub. The empirical material centres on the spatial organisation of wedding venues in South Africa with evidence from Gauteng as the principal focus. The findings show that „place matters‟ both in the choice of venues by international or domestic consumers and the existence of distinct clusters of venues which are unrelated to patterns of population. Interviews reveal that wedding tourism is a growing activity for many hospitality businesses and commonly linked also to business tourism with the hosting of conferences. The expanding profitability of wedding tourism has attracted new hospitality businesses to enter this niche market and correspondingly to raise levels of competition in this niche form of tourism.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rogerson, Jayne M. , Wolfaardt, Zaria
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Niche tourism , Wedding tourism , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93505 , uj:20357 , Citation: Rogerson, J.M. & Wolfaardt, Z. 2016. Wedding tourism in South Africa: an exploratory analysis.
- Description: Abstract: Niche forms of tourism are a growing focus in tourism scholarship. One little explored form of niche tourism is the specialized micro-niche of wedding tourism. Within the growing literature that deals with niche forms of tourism in South Africa there has thus far been minimal attention given to the notion of wedding tourism. This article addresses this investigatory void through an exploratory analysis of the wedding tourism industry in South Africa in general and more specifically of Gauteng, the country‟s major population hub. The empirical material centres on the spatial organisation of wedding venues in South Africa with evidence from Gauteng as the principal focus. The findings show that „place matters‟ both in the choice of venues by international or domestic consumers and the existence of distinct clusters of venues which are unrelated to patterns of population. Interviews reveal that wedding tourism is a growing activity for many hospitality businesses and commonly linked also to business tourism with the hosting of conferences. The expanding profitability of wedding tourism has attracted new hospitality businesses to enter this niche market and correspondingly to raise levels of competition in this niche form of tourism.
- Full Text:
Micro-investment behavioural model for an emerging economy: the South African economy as a case study.
- Authors: Baur, Peter Walther
- Date: 2007-10-02T09:37:31Z
- Subjects: international business enterprises , economic policy , foreign investments , South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6994 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/34
- Description: Foreign direct investment is a topic that currently ranks highly on the agenda of most countries, forming the basis of policy design and development on both a microeconomic and macroeconomic level. From a microeconomic perspective, business strategies are undergoing radical shifts in order to compete in an ever-competitive global climate. Businesses therefore need to diversify their operations across borders as this is essential for ensuring survival. Yet, the motivation and desire of business are not necessarily beneficial to the country, region or market that a particular business plans to enter. Some types of foreign direct investment are positive, enabling a useful and efficient flow of technology, ideas and capital and this, as highlighted in conventional literature, is the key determinant of underlining macroeconomic policy regarding foreign direct investment. Governments attempt to capture such flows. They design efficient policy tools to attract foreign investors into their regions, so that their countries may benefit from these flows in the form of job creation and receiving capital inflows from the induced investments and exports, which aid to offset balance of payment deficits. Countries may enjoy the positive spill-over of such investment that may help local business become more competitive within the international arena. Certain business interests may have strong negative effects such as abusing supplies of natural resources and the abundance of low-skilled labour that exists within developing countries, as few policies are in place to protect these often weaker economies. This may cause conflict between business and government, challenging policy makers to implement protective measures such as trade restrictions, capital market regulation and the development of organised labour policies which may seem only to encourage the flow of negative investment. The gains of such investment become ambiguous, cheering the antiglobalisation movements and discouraging the flows of foreign direct investment that may actually induce positive developments within the economies concerned. The battlefields of such fixed investment movements often establish themselves on emerging market territory, where economies are prone to both helpful and hostile attacks of foreign direct investment. The emerging economies are ever increasing in global importance on the international trade arenas. These countries, many with sound macroeconomic policy, often display rapid economic growth, developed markets and an abundant supply of cheap skilled and unskilled labour, consequently absorbing an ever-increasing share of foreign direct investment. However, the direction of foreign direct investment is difficult to determine, especially when using common constraints, such as economic, political, social and geographic factors. The focus of attention needs to be shifted to those people who are responsible for the decisions to invest. These decision-makers are not to be grouped into a singular globular mass of uniformity; neither should they be treated as a single variable in the equation attempting to explain fixed investment. They make decisions regarding foreign direct investment and are extremely complex beings, cognitively weighting certain factors that determine the decision to invest over other factors. This is an ever-changing process, and seldom will any two investors act in exactly the same way. Consequently, there is a need to explain the decision-making process of foreign direct investors in a model that is fluid, not static and that allows for the flexibility required for the survival of businesses within an ever-changing emerging market economy. This can only be explored by analysing the psychological and cognitive structure of the decisionmaking process that is not totally dependent on the macroeconomic or microeconomic forces present in policy design or company structure respectively. By understanding the process underlying decision-making, it is possible to construct a decision-making model applicable to the unique cognitive workings of the foreign investor.Clear-cut factors need to be identified which map decision-making prior to the act of investment. Therefore, the decision-making model should be constructed using an intentional bias. By using an intentional bias, the decision to act may not yet be consciously considered, but a need to act exists. If the decision-maker is presented by an opportunity, the intent may become the action. By highlighting decision-makers with a positive attitude towards an action, i.e. investment, it is possible to map the factors relevant in the decision-making process. This allows for the construction of a model mapping the intention to act, thereby creating a decision-making model. For the purpose of this thesis a survey was designed and presented to the key decisionmakers within established companies. They included senior business executives, company CEOs, managing directors, owners of businesses and others that play an executive decisionmaking role within their businesses. From these responses key factors were identified from which a behavioural model was constructed by using suitable statistical tools and constraints. This behavioural model is independent, yet influenced by factors such as economic freedom, political instability and corruption, labour market regulation and the existence of development zones within host countries. The identified factors that become relevant to the behavioural model of decision-making are attitude, level and extent of other related or competitive companies within the host country, risk type and ability to overcome such risk, the vision of the company and the social fulfilment experienced by the decision-makers. The necessity for a decision-making model regarding foreign direct investment in the emerging economies is one that cannot be underestimated. This model is designed to contribute towards the current literature on foreign direct investment, with the aim and intent of improving this body of knowledge and assisting towards streamlining policy formation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Baur, Peter Walther
- Date: 2007-10-02T09:37:31Z
- Subjects: international business enterprises , economic policy , foreign investments , South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6994 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/34
- Description: Foreign direct investment is a topic that currently ranks highly on the agenda of most countries, forming the basis of policy design and development on both a microeconomic and macroeconomic level. From a microeconomic perspective, business strategies are undergoing radical shifts in order to compete in an ever-competitive global climate. Businesses therefore need to diversify their operations across borders as this is essential for ensuring survival. Yet, the motivation and desire of business are not necessarily beneficial to the country, region or market that a particular business plans to enter. Some types of foreign direct investment are positive, enabling a useful and efficient flow of technology, ideas and capital and this, as highlighted in conventional literature, is the key determinant of underlining macroeconomic policy regarding foreign direct investment. Governments attempt to capture such flows. They design efficient policy tools to attract foreign investors into their regions, so that their countries may benefit from these flows in the form of job creation and receiving capital inflows from the induced investments and exports, which aid to offset balance of payment deficits. Countries may enjoy the positive spill-over of such investment that may help local business become more competitive within the international arena. Certain business interests may have strong negative effects such as abusing supplies of natural resources and the abundance of low-skilled labour that exists within developing countries, as few policies are in place to protect these often weaker economies. This may cause conflict between business and government, challenging policy makers to implement protective measures such as trade restrictions, capital market regulation and the development of organised labour policies which may seem only to encourage the flow of negative investment. The gains of such investment become ambiguous, cheering the antiglobalisation movements and discouraging the flows of foreign direct investment that may actually induce positive developments within the economies concerned. The battlefields of such fixed investment movements often establish themselves on emerging market territory, where economies are prone to both helpful and hostile attacks of foreign direct investment. The emerging economies are ever increasing in global importance on the international trade arenas. These countries, many with sound macroeconomic policy, often display rapid economic growth, developed markets and an abundant supply of cheap skilled and unskilled labour, consequently absorbing an ever-increasing share of foreign direct investment. However, the direction of foreign direct investment is difficult to determine, especially when using common constraints, such as economic, political, social and geographic factors. The focus of attention needs to be shifted to those people who are responsible for the decisions to invest. These decision-makers are not to be grouped into a singular globular mass of uniformity; neither should they be treated as a single variable in the equation attempting to explain fixed investment. They make decisions regarding foreign direct investment and are extremely complex beings, cognitively weighting certain factors that determine the decision to invest over other factors. This is an ever-changing process, and seldom will any two investors act in exactly the same way. Consequently, there is a need to explain the decision-making process of foreign direct investors in a model that is fluid, not static and that allows for the flexibility required for the survival of businesses within an ever-changing emerging market economy. This can only be explored by analysing the psychological and cognitive structure of the decisionmaking process that is not totally dependent on the macroeconomic or microeconomic forces present in policy design or company structure respectively. By understanding the process underlying decision-making, it is possible to construct a decision-making model applicable to the unique cognitive workings of the foreign investor.Clear-cut factors need to be identified which map decision-making prior to the act of investment. Therefore, the decision-making model should be constructed using an intentional bias. By using an intentional bias, the decision to act may not yet be consciously considered, but a need to act exists. If the decision-maker is presented by an opportunity, the intent may become the action. By highlighting decision-makers with a positive attitude towards an action, i.e. investment, it is possible to map the factors relevant in the decision-making process. This allows for the construction of a model mapping the intention to act, thereby creating a decision-making model. For the purpose of this thesis a survey was designed and presented to the key decisionmakers within established companies. They included senior business executives, company CEOs, managing directors, owners of businesses and others that play an executive decisionmaking role within their businesses. From these responses key factors were identified from which a behavioural model was constructed by using suitable statistical tools and constraints. This behavioural model is independent, yet influenced by factors such as economic freedom, political instability and corruption, labour market regulation and the existence of development zones within host countries. The identified factors that become relevant to the behavioural model of decision-making are attitude, level and extent of other related or competitive companies within the host country, risk type and ability to overcome such risk, the vision of the company and the social fulfilment experienced by the decision-makers. The necessity for a decision-making model regarding foreign direct investment in the emerging economies is one that cannot be underestimated. This model is designed to contribute towards the current literature on foreign direct investment, with the aim and intent of improving this body of knowledge and assisting towards streamlining policy formation.
- Full Text:
Assessing the effectiveness of the monetary policy instrument during the inflation targeting period in South Africa
- Authors: Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Inflation targeting policy , Structural vector error correction model , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Articles
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/379615 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/242066 , uj:24960 , Citation: Bonga-Bonga, L. 2017. Assessing the effectiveness of the monetary policy instrument during the inflation targeting period in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: This paper assesses how inflation react to monetary policy shocks in South Africa during the inflation targeting period by making use of the structural vector error correction model (SVECM). The results of the impulse response function obtained from the SVECM show that, on average, contractionary monetary policy that intends to curb inflationary pressure has been impotent in South Africa. However, the contractionary monetary policy shocks managed to reduce output. The paper suggests that it is time a dual target, inflation and output, be considered in South Africa to avoid the harm caused on output growth from monetary policy actions related to the constraint of inflation targeting.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Inflation targeting policy , Structural vector error correction model , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Articles
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/379615 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/242066 , uj:24960 , Citation: Bonga-Bonga, L. 2017. Assessing the effectiveness of the monetary policy instrument during the inflation targeting period in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: This paper assesses how inflation react to monetary policy shocks in South Africa during the inflation targeting period by making use of the structural vector error correction model (SVECM). The results of the impulse response function obtained from the SVECM show that, on average, contractionary monetary policy that intends to curb inflationary pressure has been impotent in South Africa. However, the contractionary monetary policy shocks managed to reduce output. The paper suggests that it is time a dual target, inflation and output, be considered in South Africa to avoid the harm caused on output growth from monetary policy actions related to the constraint of inflation targeting.
- Full Text:
Modelling the business cycle of South Africa: linear vs non-linear methods.
- Authors: Botha, Ilse
- Date: 2008-06-11T06:31:46Z
- Subjects: South Africa , business cycles
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/605
- Description: The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, business cycle theories have been developed as early as 1911 (Shumpeter). These theories are well researched and well documented, and all of these theories concentrate on the real sector. South Africa is an emerging market and since 1994 the country has liberalized its market, a process that holds advantages and disadvantages. This emerging market status as well as the relative size of imports and exports to GDP in South Africa, makes the country very vulnerable to changes in the world economy. Examples of this are the contagion from Asia in 1997, the Russian crisis in 1998, and the impact of September 11 in the US on the South African economy. Business cycles also have changed over the years; they are less volatile and more synchronized over the world and the financial markets play a more important role. This is another reason why it might be useful to identify a financial cycle and investigate its relationship with the real cycle. The SARB (South African Reserve Bank) has some financial indicators in its leading indicator but the latter is mainly driven by real indicators. The financial cycle identified uses the equity market, the capital market and the domestic financial market as components. All of the determinants of these three components are available at a higher frequency than the GDP growth (our proxy for the business cycle); therefore the financial cycle can be used as a leading indicator incorporating international and domestic financial events. Secondly, an ongoing debate in business cycle research is the question of a stable economy (business cycle) influenced by exogenous shocks or an unstable economy with an endogenous business cycle (Classical vs. Keynesian view). This issue will be addressed by modelling the business cycle with a linear as well as a non-linear model. Linear models are usually used to demonstrate exogenous shocks on the business cycle, whereas nonlinear models have more of an endogenous assumption regarding the business cycle. Non-linear models learn over time and adjust to the new level of peaks and troughs and can therefore predict turning points more accurately. This suggests that business cycles have changed since 1960: they became less volatile, more synchronized across the world and the amplitude of peaks and troughs is lower. Because of these characteristics it would be useful to fit a non-linear model to the business cycle. However, exogenous shocks cannot be totally ignored – especially in an emerging market such as South Africa. The STAR (smooth transition autoregressive) model makes room for a linear and a non-linear component, and can over time determine if there is only a linear or non-linear component or sometimes both. The results of this study support the structural or institutional view. They believe economic fluctuations are caused by various structural or institutional changes. Adherents to this view do not believe that the market system is inherently stable or systematically unstable (Classical vs. Keynesian view). They focus on structural changes and unpredictable events. They do not have set ideas on economic policy. According to them the appropriate policy will vary from time to time as circumstances change. , Prof. L. Greyling
- Full Text:
- Authors: Botha, Ilse
- Date: 2008-06-11T06:31:46Z
- Subjects: South Africa , business cycles
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/605
- Description: The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, business cycle theories have been developed as early as 1911 (Shumpeter). These theories are well researched and well documented, and all of these theories concentrate on the real sector. South Africa is an emerging market and since 1994 the country has liberalized its market, a process that holds advantages and disadvantages. This emerging market status as well as the relative size of imports and exports to GDP in South Africa, makes the country very vulnerable to changes in the world economy. Examples of this are the contagion from Asia in 1997, the Russian crisis in 1998, and the impact of September 11 in the US on the South African economy. Business cycles also have changed over the years; they are less volatile and more synchronized over the world and the financial markets play a more important role. This is another reason why it might be useful to identify a financial cycle and investigate its relationship with the real cycle. The SARB (South African Reserve Bank) has some financial indicators in its leading indicator but the latter is mainly driven by real indicators. The financial cycle identified uses the equity market, the capital market and the domestic financial market as components. All of the determinants of these three components are available at a higher frequency than the GDP growth (our proxy for the business cycle); therefore the financial cycle can be used as a leading indicator incorporating international and domestic financial events. Secondly, an ongoing debate in business cycle research is the question of a stable economy (business cycle) influenced by exogenous shocks or an unstable economy with an endogenous business cycle (Classical vs. Keynesian view). This issue will be addressed by modelling the business cycle with a linear as well as a non-linear model. Linear models are usually used to demonstrate exogenous shocks on the business cycle, whereas nonlinear models have more of an endogenous assumption regarding the business cycle. Non-linear models learn over time and adjust to the new level of peaks and troughs and can therefore predict turning points more accurately. This suggests that business cycles have changed since 1960: they became less volatile, more synchronized across the world and the amplitude of peaks and troughs is lower. Because of these characteristics it would be useful to fit a non-linear model to the business cycle. However, exogenous shocks cannot be totally ignored – especially in an emerging market such as South Africa. The STAR (smooth transition autoregressive) model makes room for a linear and a non-linear component, and can over time determine if there is only a linear or non-linear component or sometimes both. The results of this study support the structural or institutional view. They believe economic fluctuations are caused by various structural or institutional changes. Adherents to this view do not believe that the market system is inherently stable or systematically unstable (Classical vs. Keynesian view). They focus on structural changes and unpredictable events. They do not have set ideas on economic policy. According to them the appropriate policy will vary from time to time as circumstances change. , Prof. L. Greyling
- Full Text:
Gay Leathermen in South Africa : an exploratory study
- Authors: McCormick, T. L.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: South Africa , Leathermen , Bondage
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277969 , uj:29836 , Citation: McCormick, T.L. 2018. Gay Leathermen in South Africa : an exploratory study.
- Description: Abstract: There are vibrant gay leathermen subcultures worldwide. Leathermen appropriate the iconography (but not the behaviour) associated with motorcycle, military and police protocols, and are an easily recognisable community. They have been studied as examples of resistance to both heteronormativity and hegemonic forms of gay male culture. This exploratory study on gay leathermen in South Africa is the first of its kind. Leathermen only became publicly visible in 2009, with the establishment of the SA Leathermen Facebook page (SALM). This article presents selected findings about the leathermen subculture in South Africa, drawing from signifying texts and images posted on the SALM Facebook page (2009-2015). It argues that in being aligned with the broader gay and lesbian community, there is an unstable ‘fit’ between the ‘ethos’ of the leathermen subculture and the ‘public face’ of homosexuality in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: McCormick, T. L.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: South Africa , Leathermen , Bondage
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277969 , uj:29836 , Citation: McCormick, T.L. 2018. Gay Leathermen in South Africa : an exploratory study.
- Description: Abstract: There are vibrant gay leathermen subcultures worldwide. Leathermen appropriate the iconography (but not the behaviour) associated with motorcycle, military and police protocols, and are an easily recognisable community. They have been studied as examples of resistance to both heteronormativity and hegemonic forms of gay male culture. This exploratory study on gay leathermen in South Africa is the first of its kind. Leathermen only became publicly visible in 2009, with the establishment of the SA Leathermen Facebook page (SALM). This article presents selected findings about the leathermen subculture in South Africa, drawing from signifying texts and images posted on the SALM Facebook page (2009-2015). It argues that in being aligned with the broader gay and lesbian community, there is an unstable ‘fit’ between the ‘ethos’ of the leathermen subculture and the ‘public face’ of homosexuality in South Africa.
- Full Text:
Preliminary demographics for patients with keratoconus attending a university-based clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa
- Chetty, Elizabeth, Rubin, Alan
- Authors: Chetty, Elizabeth , Rubin, Alan
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: South Africa , Keratoconus , Demographics
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399451 , uj:33293 , Citation: Chetty E, Rubin A. Preliminary demographics for patients with keratoconus attending a university-based clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Afr Vision Eye Health. 2019;78(1), a472. https://doi.org/10.4102/ aveh.v78i1.472
- Description: Abstract: Keratoconus (KC) is a visually debilitating disease if left undiagnosed and untreated. Early intervention is necessary to ensure a good quality of life for those afflicted by the disease. Although much research has been done in other parts of the world, there is a paucity in the literature that describes the disease from a South African perspective. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide the demographics of KC patients attending a university-based contact lens clinic between January 2007 and December 2017...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chetty, Elizabeth , Rubin, Alan
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: South Africa , Keratoconus , Demographics
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399451 , uj:33293 , Citation: Chetty E, Rubin A. Preliminary demographics for patients with keratoconus attending a university-based clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Afr Vision Eye Health. 2019;78(1), a472. https://doi.org/10.4102/ aveh.v78i1.472
- Description: Abstract: Keratoconus (KC) is a visually debilitating disease if left undiagnosed and untreated. Early intervention is necessary to ensure a good quality of life for those afflicted by the disease. Although much research has been done in other parts of the world, there is a paucity in the literature that describes the disease from a South African perspective. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide the demographics of KC patients attending a university-based contact lens clinic between January 2007 and December 2017...
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Human capital development (HCD) risks in the African hospitality industry
- Mara, Cashandra, Govender, Cookie, Makka, Anoosha
- Authors: Mara, Cashandra , Govender, Cookie , Makka, Anoosha
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Human capital development , Hospitality industry , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399250 , uj:33268 , Citation: Mara, C., Govender, C. & Makka, A. 2019. Human capital development (HCD) risks in the African hospitality industry. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(4):1-14.
- Description: Abstract: This study was inspired by an interest in understanding how African hospitality managers view human capital development (HCD) or training risk, which, as an emerging field, is worthy of investigation. Human capital risks may result from management actions or inactions and may cause financial or reputational damage, loss of talent and dynamic capabilities. Examples of HCD inactions may be failure to transfer training, lack of agreement between line managers and HCD practitioners’ priorities, or lack of insight into the organisation’s strategic direction. A sample of 32 managers in 12 hospitality organisations in Namibia and South Africa was interviewed to explore their perceptions of HCD risk. It was found that little knowledge exists about HCD risks. Similar risks were found to be prevalent in the hospitality industries in the two countries, which were high employee turnover, low levels of employee and management commitment, which resulted in poor performance. Theoretically, this article contributes to the body of knowledge on HCD in the unique African context. Its practical contribution is that it creates awareness about HCD risk and the benefits of managing it.
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- Authors: Mara, Cashandra , Govender, Cookie , Makka, Anoosha
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Human capital development , Hospitality industry , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399250 , uj:33268 , Citation: Mara, C., Govender, C. & Makka, A. 2019. Human capital development (HCD) risks in the African hospitality industry. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(4):1-14.
- Description: Abstract: This study was inspired by an interest in understanding how African hospitality managers view human capital development (HCD) or training risk, which, as an emerging field, is worthy of investigation. Human capital risks may result from management actions or inactions and may cause financial or reputational damage, loss of talent and dynamic capabilities. Examples of HCD inactions may be failure to transfer training, lack of agreement between line managers and HCD practitioners’ priorities, or lack of insight into the organisation’s strategic direction. A sample of 32 managers in 12 hospitality organisations in Namibia and South Africa was interviewed to explore their perceptions of HCD risk. It was found that little knowledge exists about HCD risks. Similar risks were found to be prevalent in the hospitality industries in the two countries, which were high employee turnover, low levels of employee and management commitment, which resulted in poor performance. Theoretically, this article contributes to the body of knowledge on HCD in the unique African context. Its practical contribution is that it creates awareness about HCD risk and the benefits of managing it.
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One burden too many: public policy making on HIV/AIDS in South Africa, 1982-2004
- Authors: Fourie, Pieter Paul
- Date: 2008-10-29T06:57:34Z
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) , AIDS (Disease) government policy , South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13559 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1369
- Description: D.Litt et Phil. , According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, more than 5.3 million South Africans were HIV-positive at the end of 2003; AIDS is killing the population at a rate of around 1,000 people each day; and about 2,000 South Africans are becoming HIV-positive daily. This study is an enquiry into the public policy response to the South African epidemic. Since AIDS first appeared in the country in 1982 there have been numerous good policy documents written by successive South African governments—yet the epidemic shows little sign of abating. The study provides an overview of the main theories on public policy making, and applies these by combining a meso-level of analysis with a phase/stage approach to the policy process. It demonstrates that successive South African governments have defined the policy problem in different ways: moving from a moralistic to a biomedical approach, the most recent public policy response has been to (discursively at least) view the epidemic as a developmental and human rights-based problem. However, despite the drafting of broadly inclusive and well-conceptualised policies, previous as well as the current South African government suffers from a ‘crisis of implementation’. The study finds that this crisis of implementation is the result of a failure on the part of South African governments to consistently and correctly define the public policy problem itself. This has resulted in a contested policy environment, particularly in terms of the appropriate policy responses required. As a consequence, the initial close relationship between the new South African government and AIDS civil society has been badly eroded. The latter policy actor has turned to a strategy of bypassing the national government altogether, by appealing to the courts in an effort to ensure the implementation of AIDS policies. The study concludes that, unless public policy makers address the structural causes of the AIDS epidemic (race relations, sexual violence and cultural factors), the country will continue to suffer the ravages of the epidemic, nullifying some recent successes of lower levels of government (provinces and local governments) in demonstrating some implementation capacity. The study suggests that the public sector take greater cognisance of the tenets of different theories on public policy making in an effort to ameliorate the mistakes of the past. , Prof. Yolanda Sadie
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- Authors: Fourie, Pieter Paul
- Date: 2008-10-29T06:57:34Z
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) , AIDS (Disease) government policy , South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13559 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1369
- Description: D.Litt et Phil. , According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, more than 5.3 million South Africans were HIV-positive at the end of 2003; AIDS is killing the population at a rate of around 1,000 people each day; and about 2,000 South Africans are becoming HIV-positive daily. This study is an enquiry into the public policy response to the South African epidemic. Since AIDS first appeared in the country in 1982 there have been numerous good policy documents written by successive South African governments—yet the epidemic shows little sign of abating. The study provides an overview of the main theories on public policy making, and applies these by combining a meso-level of analysis with a phase/stage approach to the policy process. It demonstrates that successive South African governments have defined the policy problem in different ways: moving from a moralistic to a biomedical approach, the most recent public policy response has been to (discursively at least) view the epidemic as a developmental and human rights-based problem. However, despite the drafting of broadly inclusive and well-conceptualised policies, previous as well as the current South African government suffers from a ‘crisis of implementation’. The study finds that this crisis of implementation is the result of a failure on the part of South African governments to consistently and correctly define the public policy problem itself. This has resulted in a contested policy environment, particularly in terms of the appropriate policy responses required. As a consequence, the initial close relationship between the new South African government and AIDS civil society has been badly eroded. The latter policy actor has turned to a strategy of bypassing the national government altogether, by appealing to the courts in an effort to ensure the implementation of AIDS policies. The study concludes that, unless public policy makers address the structural causes of the AIDS epidemic (race relations, sexual violence and cultural factors), the country will continue to suffer the ravages of the epidemic, nullifying some recent successes of lower levels of government (provinces and local governments) in demonstrating some implementation capacity. The study suggests that the public sector take greater cognisance of the tenets of different theories on public policy making in an effort to ameliorate the mistakes of the past. , Prof. Yolanda Sadie
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Financial management as the function of the school governing body.
- Authors: Gubuza, Sibongile Faith
- Date: 2008-08-20T09:44:08Z
- Subjects: school management and organization , financial management , school boards , school budgets , South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7970 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/888
- Description: A financial function is one of the aspects of a business enterprise and a department that is involved with finances of the business is known as a financial department. Financial management, as a discipline, is interlinked with other activities that occur within a business organization such as production, marketing, purchasing, personnel functions, et cetera (Cronje, et. al. 1991:16,22). In a school organization there are different departments and committees, which are dependent on the financial committee of the institution for their survival. The finance committee focuses on making decisions with regard to the finances of the school and the generation of extra income, through alternative sources to add value to the organization, for the reason that schools cannot operate successfully with school fund only. Berkhout and Berkhout (1992:4) outline sources of finance that can assist the committee to generate more funds. For a school to operate and perform, the financial management function effectively, it is necessary for one to understand the internal and external environmental factors, which can affect the smooth running of the school. , Dr. P.J. du Plessis
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- Authors: Gubuza, Sibongile Faith
- Date: 2008-08-20T09:44:08Z
- Subjects: school management and organization , financial management , school boards , school budgets , South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7970 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/888
- Description: A financial function is one of the aspects of a business enterprise and a department that is involved with finances of the business is known as a financial department. Financial management, as a discipline, is interlinked with other activities that occur within a business organization such as production, marketing, purchasing, personnel functions, et cetera (Cronje, et. al. 1991:16,22). In a school organization there are different departments and committees, which are dependent on the financial committee of the institution for their survival. The finance committee focuses on making decisions with regard to the finances of the school and the generation of extra income, through alternative sources to add value to the organization, for the reason that schools cannot operate successfully with school fund only. Berkhout and Berkhout (1992:4) outline sources of finance that can assist the committee to generate more funds. For a school to operate and perform, the financial management function effectively, it is necessary for one to understand the internal and external environmental factors, which can affect the smooth running of the school. , Dr. P.J. du Plessis
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