Self-construal as moderator in the relationship between self-esteem and humour style
- Authors: Rose, Alexandra Elizabeth
- Date: 2014-04-03
- Subjects: Self-esteem , Humor , Self-perception
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4644 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9985
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , Humour serves various intrapersonal and interpersonal functions. The affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating humour styles are employed by individuals throughout their interactions and can influence their and others’ intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. Humour styles have been related to positive attributes, such as self-esteem and optimism. Individual differences in the type of humour style displayed could furthermore be influenced by an individual’s cultural background. Self-esteem can be understood as an overall evaluation of one’s worth or value. Differences in self-esteem have been found between cultures but it is yet unclear how culture could influence the relationship between humour styles and self-esteem. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role that culture could play in the relationship between humour style and self-esteem. In this study culture was conceptualised as self-construal which is determined by an individual’s cultural context of individualism or collectivism. This study involved 962 first year psychology students from the University of Johannesburg. The population in this university is multicultural with students of various race and culture. The Sense of Humour Questionnaire, Humour Styles Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Self-Construal Scale were used. A correlational analysis and moderated multiple regression analyses were employed to determine the extent to which independent and interdependent self-construal influenced the relationship between each of the four humour styles and self-esteem. All four humour styles correlated as expected with self-esteem. Affiliative and self-enhancing humour styles correlated positively and aggressive and self-defeating humour styles correlated negatively with self-esteem. Neither independent nor interdependent self-construal statistically significantly influenced the relationship between the affiliative, self-enhancing, or aggressive humour styles and self-esteem. Both independent and interdependent self-construal statistically significantly moderated the relationship between self-defeating humour style and self-esteem although the effect sizes were low. Excessive use of self-defeating humour has been associated with low self-esteem and emotional neediness...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rose, Alexandra Elizabeth
- Date: 2014-04-03
- Subjects: Self-esteem , Humor , Self-perception
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4644 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9985
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , Humour serves various intrapersonal and interpersonal functions. The affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive and self-defeating humour styles are employed by individuals throughout their interactions and can influence their and others’ intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. Humour styles have been related to positive attributes, such as self-esteem and optimism. Individual differences in the type of humour style displayed could furthermore be influenced by an individual’s cultural background. Self-esteem can be understood as an overall evaluation of one’s worth or value. Differences in self-esteem have been found between cultures but it is yet unclear how culture could influence the relationship between humour styles and self-esteem. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role that culture could play in the relationship between humour style and self-esteem. In this study culture was conceptualised as self-construal which is determined by an individual’s cultural context of individualism or collectivism. This study involved 962 first year psychology students from the University of Johannesburg. The population in this university is multicultural with students of various race and culture. The Sense of Humour Questionnaire, Humour Styles Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Self-Construal Scale were used. A correlational analysis and moderated multiple regression analyses were employed to determine the extent to which independent and interdependent self-construal influenced the relationship between each of the four humour styles and self-esteem. All four humour styles correlated as expected with self-esteem. Affiliative and self-enhancing humour styles correlated positively and aggressive and self-defeating humour styles correlated negatively with self-esteem. Neither independent nor interdependent self-construal statistically significantly influenced the relationship between the affiliative, self-enhancing, or aggressive humour styles and self-esteem. Both independent and interdependent self-construal statistically significantly moderated the relationship between self-defeating humour style and self-esteem although the effect sizes were low. Excessive use of self-defeating humour has been associated with low self-esteem and emotional neediness...
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Socio-narradrama as psychotherapeutic intervention with learners who present with low self-esteem within a special secondary school environment
- Authors: Steyn, Chrizanne
- Date: 2012-06-07
- Subjects: Drama therapy , Self-esteem , Adolescent psychotherapy , Learning disabled students , Socio-narradrama interventions , Sociodrama , Psychodrama
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:8674 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5029
- Description: M. Ed. , This study aims to explore how socio-narradrama interventions influence selfesteem. Many studies have investigated self-esteem, and also a person’s selfconcept, while research has also been done into psycho-drama as well as sociodrama and their defining differences. With this in mind, the experiences of four learners within a special secondary school were investigated, as well as how socionarradrama interventions influenced their self-esteem. It is believed that the participants’ experiences of the socio-narradrama interventions will inform not only future researchers but also professionals who are willing to use socio-narradrama in their own contexts. In this research, a social constructivist perspective and point of departure within a mixed methods research design was employed. The data for this study was collected by means of observation, and unstructured interviews, during the socio-narradrama interventions semi-structured individual interviews, and Beck youth inventories questionnaire. The Beck youth inventories questionnaire was not used to measure possible improvements, but was rather used to understand the experiences of the participants and how the intervention influenced their self-esteem. Data was analysed using a content analysis method. Utilising a social constructivist paradigm, I constructed the following main theme in response to the research question: the self, and the concept that I have of myself, and five sub-themes namely: feeling of belonging; wanting or giving acknowledgement; experiencing uncertainty; relationships; and conflict with the self and with others. The findings were all interpreted within the general framework of constructivism and by constructing new ideas enabled the self and others to accept the influences that socio-narradrama interventions brought upon their self-esteem. An interesting finding included how the participants saw themselves and the rest of the group, where a dynamic feeling altered which was based on trust and compliments.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Steyn, Chrizanne
- Date: 2012-06-07
- Subjects: Drama therapy , Self-esteem , Adolescent psychotherapy , Learning disabled students , Socio-narradrama interventions , Sociodrama , Psychodrama
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:8674 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5029
- Description: M. Ed. , This study aims to explore how socio-narradrama interventions influence selfesteem. Many studies have investigated self-esteem, and also a person’s selfconcept, while research has also been done into psycho-drama as well as sociodrama and their defining differences. With this in mind, the experiences of four learners within a special secondary school were investigated, as well as how socionarradrama interventions influenced their self-esteem. It is believed that the participants’ experiences of the socio-narradrama interventions will inform not only future researchers but also professionals who are willing to use socio-narradrama in their own contexts. In this research, a social constructivist perspective and point of departure within a mixed methods research design was employed. The data for this study was collected by means of observation, and unstructured interviews, during the socio-narradrama interventions semi-structured individual interviews, and Beck youth inventories questionnaire. The Beck youth inventories questionnaire was not used to measure possible improvements, but was rather used to understand the experiences of the participants and how the intervention influenced their self-esteem. Data was analysed using a content analysis method. Utilising a social constructivist paradigm, I constructed the following main theme in response to the research question: the self, and the concept that I have of myself, and five sub-themes namely: feeling of belonging; wanting or giving acknowledgement; experiencing uncertainty; relationships; and conflict with the self and with others. The findings were all interpreted within the general framework of constructivism and by constructing new ideas enabled the self and others to accept the influences that socio-narradrama interventions brought upon their self-esteem. An interesting finding included how the participants saw themselves and the rest of the group, where a dynamic feeling altered which was based on trust and compliments.
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'n Kritiese beskouing van die Keirsey model (vir karakter-en temperamentstipering) vanuit 'n ekometriese perspektief, in Suid-Afrika
- Authors: Struwig, Antoinette
- Date: 2008-06-23T10:56:07Z
- Subjects: Behavioral assessment , Interpersonal relations , Life skills , Self-esteem
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3412 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/680
- Description: Researcher was introduced to the Keirsey instrument during 1996 and has since done evaluation and training of numerous people. The Keirsey instrument is a well-known self-assessment tool in America to help people understand themselves and those around them better – hence the name of the books “Please Understand Me” and “Please Understand Me II” For many years, it was accepted that all psychometric measuring had to be done by psychometrists and that Social Workers were not qualified to do any testing. In 1995, “a new concept “ecometrics” was defined and contextualized ….. The concept is of particular value in social work theory and practice …….. Ecometrics should be developed as a sub-discipline in social work …….” (Van Zyl 1995:30) The Main goal of this study is to do a critical evaluation of the Keirsey instrument of assessment from an ecometric perspective for use in South Africa. The objectives of the study would then be • To evaluate the Keirsey instrument in terms of the social work literature. • To explore the user value of the Keirsey instrument by means of the inputs of other frequent users. • To evaluate the Keirsey instrument against the most important ecometric development methodology. It is proposed to evaluate not only the original English Questionnaire, but also researchers’ own Afrikaans translation of the questionnaire. “That people are highly formed at birth, with fundamentally different temperaments or predispositions to act in certain ways, is a very old idea. Hippocrates first proposed it in outline around 370B.C., and Plato was more interested in the individual’s contribution to the social order than in underlying temperaments. Sigmund Freud claimed that we are all driven from within by instinctual lust and was followed by many others……. Then, in 1920, a Swiss physician named Carl Jung disagreed………… He claimed that people have a multitude of instincts, what he called ‘archetypes’ ……. and presented what he termed the ‘functional types’ or ‘psychological types’” (Keirsey 1998:2-3) It is important to note that social workers are familiar with the concept of ‘social functioning’ and researcher would like to address this aspect as part of the problem formulation. “It is the social context that determines which kind of personality will be more effective,” says Keirsey. (Keirsey 1998:3). This is exactly what researcher will be trying to establish in this study – the social context that influences the way a person react to certain incidents or issues. According to Faul and Hudson, “social work is a unique profession that operates within a specific value base. It is also a profession that is mainly involved with the enhancement of social functioning and the importance of the adaptation of the individual in his environment. Because of this, scale development in social work form part of certain unique processes that must be followed to distinguish them from other professions. (Faul & Hudson 1999:8). It would thus be important to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Keirsey instrument (although the original developer is of the opinion that it is a nearly impossible task to validate any questionnaire) for use as an ecometric–scale by the social work-profession in South Africa. If ecometry is the methodology of measurement of all aspects of social work, and focuses on the manner in which people adapt in their environments as Van Zyl claims (Van Zyl 1995:30), then it seems appropriate to help all individuals to function as effective as possible – taking their character and temperament into consideration – within their own frame of reference. The client can be empowered to understand his- or herself better and thus taking responsibility for his or her own functioning by enhancing their self-esteem. Faul and Hudson state that “ecometrics does not seek to diagnose or classify, but to measure social functioning, with the emphasis on behavioural strengths and positive coping skills” (Faul & Hudson 1999:21). The objective of this research project would be to try to argument that by using the Keirsey instrument, clients can be helped to overcome their own feelings of helplessness and lack of self-confidence that often lie at the root of their dysfunctional behaviour within their social context. It is also important to note in this regard, that Fauls’ study has been established as an accepted methodology in the field of ecometrics – a methodology that would be used in this research project. The South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP) also realised the need for social workers to be empowered to assess clients’ functioning in their ecological context, and started a process for the accreditation of social work assessment instruments early in 2001. The SACSSP currently have a subcommittee to evaluate and accredit ecometric scales for use by social workers. Mouton and Marais defines a research design as “an exposition or plan of how the researcher decided to execute the formulated research problem. The objective of the research design is to plan, structure and execute the project concerned in such a way that the validity of the findings are maximized.” (Mouton & Marais 1996:193) According to De Vos et al, the developmental research and utilization model (also described as intervention research) can be used very effectively in the South African context. (De Vos et al 1998:384). This study will utilise the developmental research design as an existing tool will be evaluated for use in an ecometric context by social workers. Instead of “re-inventing the wheel”, knowledge acquired by Jung, Myers, Briggs, Keirsey and Bates amongst others, can be utilized to empower qualified social workers, in an ecometric context. , Dr. Wim Roestenburg
- Full Text:
- Authors: Struwig, Antoinette
- Date: 2008-06-23T10:56:07Z
- Subjects: Behavioral assessment , Interpersonal relations , Life skills , Self-esteem
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3412 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/680
- Description: Researcher was introduced to the Keirsey instrument during 1996 and has since done evaluation and training of numerous people. The Keirsey instrument is a well-known self-assessment tool in America to help people understand themselves and those around them better – hence the name of the books “Please Understand Me” and “Please Understand Me II” For many years, it was accepted that all psychometric measuring had to be done by psychometrists and that Social Workers were not qualified to do any testing. In 1995, “a new concept “ecometrics” was defined and contextualized ….. The concept is of particular value in social work theory and practice …….. Ecometrics should be developed as a sub-discipline in social work …….” (Van Zyl 1995:30) The Main goal of this study is to do a critical evaluation of the Keirsey instrument of assessment from an ecometric perspective for use in South Africa. The objectives of the study would then be • To evaluate the Keirsey instrument in terms of the social work literature. • To explore the user value of the Keirsey instrument by means of the inputs of other frequent users. • To evaluate the Keirsey instrument against the most important ecometric development methodology. It is proposed to evaluate not only the original English Questionnaire, but also researchers’ own Afrikaans translation of the questionnaire. “That people are highly formed at birth, with fundamentally different temperaments or predispositions to act in certain ways, is a very old idea. Hippocrates first proposed it in outline around 370B.C., and Plato was more interested in the individual’s contribution to the social order than in underlying temperaments. Sigmund Freud claimed that we are all driven from within by instinctual lust and was followed by many others……. Then, in 1920, a Swiss physician named Carl Jung disagreed………… He claimed that people have a multitude of instincts, what he called ‘archetypes’ ……. and presented what he termed the ‘functional types’ or ‘psychological types’” (Keirsey 1998:2-3) It is important to note that social workers are familiar with the concept of ‘social functioning’ and researcher would like to address this aspect as part of the problem formulation. “It is the social context that determines which kind of personality will be more effective,” says Keirsey. (Keirsey 1998:3). This is exactly what researcher will be trying to establish in this study – the social context that influences the way a person react to certain incidents or issues. According to Faul and Hudson, “social work is a unique profession that operates within a specific value base. It is also a profession that is mainly involved with the enhancement of social functioning and the importance of the adaptation of the individual in his environment. Because of this, scale development in social work form part of certain unique processes that must be followed to distinguish them from other professions. (Faul & Hudson 1999:8). It would thus be important to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Keirsey instrument (although the original developer is of the opinion that it is a nearly impossible task to validate any questionnaire) for use as an ecometric–scale by the social work-profession in South Africa. If ecometry is the methodology of measurement of all aspects of social work, and focuses on the manner in which people adapt in their environments as Van Zyl claims (Van Zyl 1995:30), then it seems appropriate to help all individuals to function as effective as possible – taking their character and temperament into consideration – within their own frame of reference. The client can be empowered to understand his- or herself better and thus taking responsibility for his or her own functioning by enhancing their self-esteem. Faul and Hudson state that “ecometrics does not seek to diagnose or classify, but to measure social functioning, with the emphasis on behavioural strengths and positive coping skills” (Faul & Hudson 1999:21). The objective of this research project would be to try to argument that by using the Keirsey instrument, clients can be helped to overcome their own feelings of helplessness and lack of self-confidence that often lie at the root of their dysfunctional behaviour within their social context. It is also important to note in this regard, that Fauls’ study has been established as an accepted methodology in the field of ecometrics – a methodology that would be used in this research project. The South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP) also realised the need for social workers to be empowered to assess clients’ functioning in their ecological context, and started a process for the accreditation of social work assessment instruments early in 2001. The SACSSP currently have a subcommittee to evaluate and accredit ecometric scales for use by social workers. Mouton and Marais defines a research design as “an exposition or plan of how the researcher decided to execute the formulated research problem. The objective of the research design is to plan, structure and execute the project concerned in such a way that the validity of the findings are maximized.” (Mouton & Marais 1996:193) According to De Vos et al, the developmental research and utilization model (also described as intervention research) can be used very effectively in the South African context. (De Vos et al 1998:384). This study will utilise the developmental research design as an existing tool will be evaluated for use in an ecometric context by social workers. Instead of “re-inventing the wheel”, knowledge acquired by Jung, Myers, Briggs, Keirsey and Bates amongst others, can be utilized to empower qualified social workers, in an ecometric context. , Dr. Wim Roestenburg
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Understanding the role of ego, temperament and self esteem in the process of developing personal leadership skills
- Authors: Harrop-Allin, Mary Anne
- Date: 2010-11-09T06:33:12Z
- Subjects: Industrial psychology , Leadership , Success , Ego (Psychology) , Temperament , Self-esteem
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6959 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3468
- Description: D.Phil. , “This thesis is a study about life, broken relationships, friendships, adapting to change and personal growth. It is a study about nurturing oneself and developing those qualities within oneself that will ensure a life of quality, harmony and inner peace. Autoethnography is an unconventional research method that is seldom used in qualitative research circles – the social sciences or human resource management spheres in South Africa. The contents of this thesis will be presented to an audience of social psychologists, social scientists, human resource managers, academics, school principals, teachers, parents, and divorcees, couples contemplating divorce, youth leaders and personal, interpersonal and professional leadership facilitators. The intention is to provide the reader with the opportunity to learn vicariously through the reading of the stories of other human beings, to identify with these stories and, as a result, to feel motivated to effect personal and social change. Reading about others enables us to learn more about ourselves and to feel in community with other human beings. This work presents an autoethnographic account of divorce and the emotional ramifications of this experience. Performance in the workplace is routinely compromised when individuals within the workplace are emotionally distressed. This thesis aims at highlighting the way in which coping strategies may motivate personal growth that will, in turn, enable the individual to adapt positively to change while performing optimally in the workplace. This work is set in the teaching environment of a primary school. The stories presented illustrate the myriad issues that are laid bare when worlds drift apart. Each story highlights challenges that will need to be addressed during the divorce process. The issues addressed in this thesis include love, compassion, leadership, values, principles, friendship, self-esteem, ego, selfexpression and forgiveness. The successful resolution of each challenge and the subsequent learning process will result in personal growth and a pervasive feeling of inner peace and harmony.
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- Authors: Harrop-Allin, Mary Anne
- Date: 2010-11-09T06:33:12Z
- Subjects: Industrial psychology , Leadership , Success , Ego (Psychology) , Temperament , Self-esteem
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6959 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3468
- Description: D.Phil. , “This thesis is a study about life, broken relationships, friendships, adapting to change and personal growth. It is a study about nurturing oneself and developing those qualities within oneself that will ensure a life of quality, harmony and inner peace. Autoethnography is an unconventional research method that is seldom used in qualitative research circles – the social sciences or human resource management spheres in South Africa. The contents of this thesis will be presented to an audience of social psychologists, social scientists, human resource managers, academics, school principals, teachers, parents, and divorcees, couples contemplating divorce, youth leaders and personal, interpersonal and professional leadership facilitators. The intention is to provide the reader with the opportunity to learn vicariously through the reading of the stories of other human beings, to identify with these stories and, as a result, to feel motivated to effect personal and social change. Reading about others enables us to learn more about ourselves and to feel in community with other human beings. This work presents an autoethnographic account of divorce and the emotional ramifications of this experience. Performance in the workplace is routinely compromised when individuals within the workplace are emotionally distressed. This thesis aims at highlighting the way in which coping strategies may motivate personal growth that will, in turn, enable the individual to adapt positively to change while performing optimally in the workplace. This work is set in the teaching environment of a primary school. The stories presented illustrate the myriad issues that are laid bare when worlds drift apart. Each story highlights challenges that will need to be addressed during the divorce process. The issues addressed in this thesis include love, compassion, leadership, values, principles, friendship, self-esteem, ego, selfexpression and forgiveness. The successful resolution of each challenge and the subsequent learning process will result in personal growth and a pervasive feeling of inner peace and harmony.
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Exploring the relationship between organisational change, affective response and self-esteem
- Authors: Blumberg, Jade Bianca
- Date: 2012-06-06
- Subjects: Organisational change , Change perception , Employee participation in management , Self-esteem , Employee health promotion
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:2517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4972
- Description: M.Comm. , Orientation: Organisational change is widely acknowledged to be demanding. The intensification of organisational change globally has resulted in the impact of change on the workforce becoming a major consideration for employee health and wellbeing. Research purpose: To understand the nature of the relationships which may exist between the constructs of organisational change, affective response and employee self-esteem. Motivation for the study: The relationship between organisational change episodes and employees’ affective responses to the changes has recently received substantial research attention. However, the relationship between organisational change and employee self-esteem is under researched. Understanding the influence of organisational change on the employee is important from a wellness and support perspective. Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional correlational study was undertaken with a small convenience sample (N=42), employing an experimental change questionnaire and Rosenberg’s Self-esteem scale. Main findings: A statistically significant relationship was found between perceived organisational change and affective response to the change event. Change management was the largest predictor of affective response. A direct significant correlation exists between organisational change and self-esteem; intensity of change is the largest contributor to self-esteem. However, there is a non-significant indirect relationship between employees’ affective responses to the change and their levels of self-esteem. In this regard negative affect contributes most strongly to self-esteem. Practical/managerial implications: Change processes need to be managed more accurately and adequately and with greater sensitivity regarding the impact of change on the employee, in order to avoid detrimental workplace consequences. Contribution/value add: The study reveals the interrelatedness of organisational change initiatives and employees’ self-esteem. This has important implications for wellness management, corporate social responsibility and the perceived ethical orientation of management.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Blumberg, Jade Bianca
- Date: 2012-06-06
- Subjects: Organisational change , Change perception , Employee participation in management , Self-esteem , Employee health promotion
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:2517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4972
- Description: M.Comm. , Orientation: Organisational change is widely acknowledged to be demanding. The intensification of organisational change globally has resulted in the impact of change on the workforce becoming a major consideration for employee health and wellbeing. Research purpose: To understand the nature of the relationships which may exist between the constructs of organisational change, affective response and employee self-esteem. Motivation for the study: The relationship between organisational change episodes and employees’ affective responses to the changes has recently received substantial research attention. However, the relationship between organisational change and employee self-esteem is under researched. Understanding the influence of organisational change on the employee is important from a wellness and support perspective. Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional correlational study was undertaken with a small convenience sample (N=42), employing an experimental change questionnaire and Rosenberg’s Self-esteem scale. Main findings: A statistically significant relationship was found between perceived organisational change and affective response to the change event. Change management was the largest predictor of affective response. A direct significant correlation exists between organisational change and self-esteem; intensity of change is the largest contributor to self-esteem. However, there is a non-significant indirect relationship between employees’ affective responses to the change and their levels of self-esteem. In this regard negative affect contributes most strongly to self-esteem. Practical/managerial implications: Change processes need to be managed more accurately and adequately and with greater sensitivity regarding the impact of change on the employee, in order to avoid detrimental workplace consequences. Contribution/value add: The study reveals the interrelatedness of organisational change initiatives and employees’ self-esteem. This has important implications for wellness management, corporate social responsibility and the perceived ethical orientation of management.
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The relation between low self-esteem and depressive mood in a nonclinical sample : the role of gender and negative life events
- Authors: Makhubela, Malose
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Self-esteem , Depressive mood , Risk
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/405840 , uj:34096 , Citation: Makhubela, M. 2019. The relation between low self-esteem and depressive mood in a nonclinical sample : the role of gender and negative life events.
- Description: Abstract: The suggestion that low self-esteem is both a protective and a risk factor for depression is well document. However, this association is not consistently observed by empirical research. The current study investigated the main and interactive effects of low self-esteem and stressful life events on depressive mood in a sample of university students (N = 862, females = 72%, Blacks = 67%, mean age = 21.70, SD = 13.51). The students completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and Perceived stress scale. Data were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM), with stressful life events scores as a mediator and gender as a moderator of the relation between low self-esteem and depression. Results indicate that low self-esteem significantly predicted depression, and that stressful life events partially mediated that relationship. Support emerged for the vulnerability effects of low self-esteem on depression and they held across gender groups. Low self-esteem may be a significant indicator of individuals who are at risk for developing depressive mood.
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- Authors: Makhubela, Malose
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Self-esteem , Depressive mood , Risk
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/405840 , uj:34096 , Citation: Makhubela, M. 2019. The relation between low self-esteem and depressive mood in a nonclinical sample : the role of gender and negative life events.
- Description: Abstract: The suggestion that low self-esteem is both a protective and a risk factor for depression is well document. However, this association is not consistently observed by empirical research. The current study investigated the main and interactive effects of low self-esteem and stressful life events on depressive mood in a sample of university students (N = 862, females = 72%, Blacks = 67%, mean age = 21.70, SD = 13.51). The students completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and Perceived stress scale. Data were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM), with stressful life events scores as a mediator and gender as a moderator of the relation between low self-esteem and depression. Results indicate that low self-esteem significantly predicted depression, and that stressful life events partially mediated that relationship. Support emerged for the vulnerability effects of low self-esteem on depression and they held across gender groups. Low self-esteem may be a significant indicator of individuals who are at risk for developing depressive mood.
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Humour styles as mediators between self-esteem and loneliness
- Authors: Delaney, Heather G.
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wit and humor - Psychological aspects , Loneliness , Self-esteem
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/410829 , uj:34497
- Description: Abstract: Self-esteem may be viewed as a gauge from which people measure their social acceptance levels; it arises out of a need to protect the individual from, especially, social factors. Perceived deficiencies in one’s relational needs may lead to social and emotional loneliness, which is a subjective and painful experience. Prior research suggests that humour can provide interpersonal signals and can assist in fostering and maintaining social relationships. Interpersonal engagement can be enhanced or marred by utilising beneficial or detrimental humour styles. Taken together humour, self-esteem, and loneliness have a predominantly social dimension attached to them, which may have beneficial or adverse effects on people’s physical and emotional wellbeing. Therefore, given the interpersonal relationships that exists between these constructs, the current study aimed to investigate whether the different humour styles: affiliative, self-enhancing, and aggressive humour styles, given their relationship to psychological wellbeing, could mediate the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness. The sample consisted of undergraduate students from a South African university who completed an online survey consisting of a biographical questionnaire, the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELS). The survey was made available via the university’s online student portal. Data were analysed using SPSS and the PROCESS Macro to examine whether humour styles mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social and emotional loneliness. The interpersonally beneficial humour styles contributed to lower perceived loneliness, whereas usage of the interpersonally detrimental humour styles resulted in higher endorsement of experienced loneliness. This study found a significant indirect mediation effect between self-esteem and loneliness for the aggressive humour style. The results highlight the importance of considering how humour styles influence the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness, as this could inform the therapeutic practice. , M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Delaney, Heather G.
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wit and humor - Psychological aspects , Loneliness , Self-esteem
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/410829 , uj:34497
- Description: Abstract: Self-esteem may be viewed as a gauge from which people measure their social acceptance levels; it arises out of a need to protect the individual from, especially, social factors. Perceived deficiencies in one’s relational needs may lead to social and emotional loneliness, which is a subjective and painful experience. Prior research suggests that humour can provide interpersonal signals and can assist in fostering and maintaining social relationships. Interpersonal engagement can be enhanced or marred by utilising beneficial or detrimental humour styles. Taken together humour, self-esteem, and loneliness have a predominantly social dimension attached to them, which may have beneficial or adverse effects on people’s physical and emotional wellbeing. Therefore, given the interpersonal relationships that exists between these constructs, the current study aimed to investigate whether the different humour styles: affiliative, self-enhancing, and aggressive humour styles, given their relationship to psychological wellbeing, could mediate the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness. The sample consisted of undergraduate students from a South African university who completed an online survey consisting of a biographical questionnaire, the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELS). The survey was made available via the university’s online student portal. Data were analysed using SPSS and the PROCESS Macro to examine whether humour styles mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social and emotional loneliness. The interpersonally beneficial humour styles contributed to lower perceived loneliness, whereas usage of the interpersonally detrimental humour styles resulted in higher endorsement of experienced loneliness. This study found a significant indirect mediation effect between self-esteem and loneliness for the aggressive humour style. The results highlight the importance of considering how humour styles influence the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness, as this could inform the therapeutic practice. , M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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