Cloud computing for monitoring renewable energy system in rural areas
- Authors: Adetunji, Kayode Emmanuel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cloud computing , Renewable energy sources - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/284792 , uj:30772
- Description: M.Tech. (Electrical Engineering) , Abstract: Renewable energy-based rural electrification project is considered a veritable tool for the development of rural areas in low and middle-income countries such as South Africa. However, the sustainability of these rural projects remains a challenge, as they are hampered by low performance and frequent damage. Monitoring of these projects is essential, as it helps understand the performance for future development. The study reviewed several ways by which solar-based projects can be sustained, it also reviewed ways by which monitoring can be implemented, thus helping in the development of the project. The research study investigated the perception of people living in Tafelkop, a rural area of Limpopo Province, relating to the sustainability of rural projects. In total, 42 households were randomly sampled and interviewer-administered questionnaires were administered. Statistical Package for Social Science, (SPSS) was used to quantitatively analyze the completed questionnaire data. The second arm of the study focused on the development and implementation of a remote monitoring system for a Solar Home System (SHS) at the same rural area of Limpopo province (Tafelkop). The Simduino (Arduino and GSM module) was used as the data acquisition system while voltage sensing circuit, Illuminance level circuit, DHT22, and DS18S20 were employed to collect data remotely every minute. The cloud implementation was built on the Heroku cloud server, using Node.js as its server runtime, Firebase as its database for storing successfully received data, and Angular 4 framework as its web application tool for real-time data visualization. Successfully received data were analyzed using the Wolfram Mathematica. Based on the survey results, it was found that age played a significant role in the perception of participants towards the sustainability of rural projects. Cross-tabulation showed a statistically significant outcome between age group and their perception towards the sustainability of rural projects (P-value 0.001). Furthermore, the Cramer’s V test showed a moderate strength association between age group and their perception towards the sustainability of rural projects (Cramer V test value = 0.528). Data were successfully sent to the cloud server, synced to the database, and displayed as graphs in the web application. The analysis of received data showed causation between illuminance and PV module voltage. Some loss of data was detected but was negligible. We developed a cloud based remote monitoring platform for monitoring in-situ temperature, humidity, and dew point, PV module temperature, and voltages from PV module and battery using an existing Solar Home System.
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- Authors: Adetunji, Kayode Emmanuel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cloud computing , Renewable energy sources - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/284792 , uj:30772
- Description: M.Tech. (Electrical Engineering) , Abstract: Renewable energy-based rural electrification project is considered a veritable tool for the development of rural areas in low and middle-income countries such as South Africa. However, the sustainability of these rural projects remains a challenge, as they are hampered by low performance and frequent damage. Monitoring of these projects is essential, as it helps understand the performance for future development. The study reviewed several ways by which solar-based projects can be sustained, it also reviewed ways by which monitoring can be implemented, thus helping in the development of the project. The research study investigated the perception of people living in Tafelkop, a rural area of Limpopo Province, relating to the sustainability of rural projects. In total, 42 households were randomly sampled and interviewer-administered questionnaires were administered. Statistical Package for Social Science, (SPSS) was used to quantitatively analyze the completed questionnaire data. The second arm of the study focused on the development and implementation of a remote monitoring system for a Solar Home System (SHS) at the same rural area of Limpopo province (Tafelkop). The Simduino (Arduino and GSM module) was used as the data acquisition system while voltage sensing circuit, Illuminance level circuit, DHT22, and DS18S20 were employed to collect data remotely every minute. The cloud implementation was built on the Heroku cloud server, using Node.js as its server runtime, Firebase as its database for storing successfully received data, and Angular 4 framework as its web application tool for real-time data visualization. Successfully received data were analyzed using the Wolfram Mathematica. Based on the survey results, it was found that age played a significant role in the perception of participants towards the sustainability of rural projects. Cross-tabulation showed a statistically significant outcome between age group and their perception towards the sustainability of rural projects (P-value 0.001). Furthermore, the Cramer’s V test showed a moderate strength association between age group and their perception towards the sustainability of rural projects (Cramer V test value = 0.528). Data were successfully sent to the cloud server, synced to the database, and displayed as graphs in the web application. The analysis of received data showed causation between illuminance and PV module voltage. Some loss of data was detected but was negligible. We developed a cloud based remote monitoring platform for monitoring in-situ temperature, humidity, and dew point, PV module temperature, and voltages from PV module and battery using an existing Solar Home System.
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An assessment of environmental impact assessment report quality pertaining to renewable energy projects in South Africa
- Authors: Boshoff, Daniel Sarel
- Date: 2014-06-26
- Subjects: Environmental impact analysis - South Africa - Evaluation , Renewable energy sources - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/367738 , uj:11607 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11319
- Description: M.Sc. (Geography) , Over the last three years, a number of environmental impact assessment reports (EIARs) pertaining to renewable energy (RE) projects have been submitted for environmental authorisation in South Africa. However, the quality of EIARs have been criticised internationally as well as in South Africa. Poor quality EIARs has the potential to negatively impact environmental decision-making processes and therefore it is vital to provide baseline data regarding the appraisal of such EIARs in South Africa. The present study has evaluated the quality of basic assessment reports (BARs) dealing with RE projects in South Africa. This is crucial in providing key insights to environmental management practice, especially if we are to determine whether or not RE projects have the potential to achieve sustainable development goals linked to clean development mechanisms (CDMs). Apart from assessing quality aspects, the goal of the study was also to analyse the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the EIARs involved. To address the research problem adequately, the Lee-Colley Review Package was utilised with minor adaptations where feasible. Based on the analyses derived from the review package selected, the overall quality of EIARs was found to be 70% satisfactory whilst 80% of the overall scores were borderline quality grades. The review areas pertaining to the description of the development and environment, together with the identification and evaluation of impacts, were better performed than the review areas concerning alternatives, mitigation measures and communication aspects of the EIARs. The strengths of the EIA processes related to the description of the project (purpose, objectives and nature) and site descriptions. Weaknesses of EIARs pertaining to RE projects were identified as insufficient non-technical summaries and poor summaries of the main issues. The review categories pertaining to waste management, mitigation measures and emphasis were not graded as weaknesses of the EIARs. Nevertheless, low numbers of satisfactory quality scores were documented for these review categories, which are particularly concerning. The fairly marginal quality of EIARs pertaining to RE projects may be attributed to lack of sufficient (human resources) capacity and transparency throughout the EIA process in South Africa. These aspects became evident through vague descriptions of impact prediction methods, insufficient elucidation of mitigation measures, a high degree of subjectivity and generally poor communication of EIA results to stakeholders involved. Apart from these findings, the study also made some recommendations for further studies such as the need to examine the following EIA aspects, namely, (1) the characterisation and reduction of elements of subjectivity within existing reports, (2) an assessment of the effectiveness of screening processes in South Africa and (3) the identification of obstacles and barriers hindering effective communication in the presentation of EIA results.
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- Authors: Boshoff, Daniel Sarel
- Date: 2014-06-26
- Subjects: Environmental impact analysis - South Africa - Evaluation , Renewable energy sources - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/367738 , uj:11607 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11319
- Description: M.Sc. (Geography) , Over the last three years, a number of environmental impact assessment reports (EIARs) pertaining to renewable energy (RE) projects have been submitted for environmental authorisation in South Africa. However, the quality of EIARs have been criticised internationally as well as in South Africa. Poor quality EIARs has the potential to negatively impact environmental decision-making processes and therefore it is vital to provide baseline data regarding the appraisal of such EIARs in South Africa. The present study has evaluated the quality of basic assessment reports (BARs) dealing with RE projects in South Africa. This is crucial in providing key insights to environmental management practice, especially if we are to determine whether or not RE projects have the potential to achieve sustainable development goals linked to clean development mechanisms (CDMs). Apart from assessing quality aspects, the goal of the study was also to analyse the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the EIARs involved. To address the research problem adequately, the Lee-Colley Review Package was utilised with minor adaptations where feasible. Based on the analyses derived from the review package selected, the overall quality of EIARs was found to be 70% satisfactory whilst 80% of the overall scores were borderline quality grades. The review areas pertaining to the description of the development and environment, together with the identification and evaluation of impacts, were better performed than the review areas concerning alternatives, mitigation measures and communication aspects of the EIARs. The strengths of the EIA processes related to the description of the project (purpose, objectives and nature) and site descriptions. Weaknesses of EIARs pertaining to RE projects were identified as insufficient non-technical summaries and poor summaries of the main issues. The review categories pertaining to waste management, mitigation measures and emphasis were not graded as weaknesses of the EIARs. Nevertheless, low numbers of satisfactory quality scores were documented for these review categories, which are particularly concerning. The fairly marginal quality of EIARs pertaining to RE projects may be attributed to lack of sufficient (human resources) capacity and transparency throughout the EIA process in South Africa. These aspects became evident through vague descriptions of impact prediction methods, insufficient elucidation of mitigation measures, a high degree of subjectivity and generally poor communication of EIA results to stakeholders involved. Apart from these findings, the study also made some recommendations for further studies such as the need to examine the following EIA aspects, namely, (1) the characterisation and reduction of elements of subjectivity within existing reports, (2) an assessment of the effectiveness of screening processes in South Africa and (3) the identification of obstacles and barriers hindering effective communication in the presentation of EIA results.
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The selection of renewable energy technologies and their cost implications for a developing country : the case of South Africa
- Authors: Pillay, Sedge
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Renewable energy sources - Developing countries , Sustainable development - Developing countries , Solar energy
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/225239 , uj:22744
- Description: Abstract: Renewable energy technologies have to be considered and appropriately supplemented in the energy mix. For this mini-dissertation, particular emphasis will be focusing on the developing nation of South Africa. Research previously conducted has indicated there are specific key criteria to consider for selecting sustainable energy methods, particularly for renewable energy technologies in Africa. Within this mini-dissertation consideration is given to renewable energy methods for generating power in South Africa from selected viewpoints that consist of political, social, technical, economic and environmental impact. With the aid of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this particular mini-dissertation will allow for selecting and prioritizing various renewable technologies for power generation. Potential for electricity generation was accessed from renewable resources, reviewing of relevant scholarly literature and discussion with experts; an appropriate decision-model has been utilised consisting of goal, criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives. Onshore wind energy, solar photovoltaic, concentrated solar thermal, biomass and small hydro energy options are used as the alternatives in the decision model. The mini-dissertation makes use of a real-world case study within South Africa, to apply the decision-model, build upon previous research and showcase its value in energy planning. In addition to prioritisation and ranking of these alternatives to show the best technology will be that of solar energy for the South African market; results of the proposed decision model can also be used to advocate in developing specific policies and energy roadmaps for the country. , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Pillay, Sedge
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Renewable energy sources - Developing countries , Sustainable development - Developing countries , Solar energy
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/225239 , uj:22744
- Description: Abstract: Renewable energy technologies have to be considered and appropriately supplemented in the energy mix. For this mini-dissertation, particular emphasis will be focusing on the developing nation of South Africa. Research previously conducted has indicated there are specific key criteria to consider for selecting sustainable energy methods, particularly for renewable energy technologies in Africa. Within this mini-dissertation consideration is given to renewable energy methods for generating power in South Africa from selected viewpoints that consist of political, social, technical, economic and environmental impact. With the aid of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this particular mini-dissertation will allow for selecting and prioritizing various renewable technologies for power generation. Potential for electricity generation was accessed from renewable resources, reviewing of relevant scholarly literature and discussion with experts; an appropriate decision-model has been utilised consisting of goal, criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives. Onshore wind energy, solar photovoltaic, concentrated solar thermal, biomass and small hydro energy options are used as the alternatives in the decision model. The mini-dissertation makes use of a real-world case study within South Africa, to apply the decision-model, build upon previous research and showcase its value in energy planning. In addition to prioritisation and ranking of these alternatives to show the best technology will be that of solar energy for the South African market; results of the proposed decision model can also be used to advocate in developing specific policies and energy roadmaps for the country. , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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Renewable energy storage in the Republic of South Africa
- Van der Walt, Andries Jacobus
- Authors: Van der Walt, Andries Jacobus
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Electric power production - South Africa , Energy development
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/263147 , uj:27814
- Description: M.Ing. (Electrical Engineering) , Abstract: The objectives were to perform extensive research on the South African Renewable Energy Storage capabilities and business case. The focus was also to investigate the advantages it would bring to the country to invest in energy storage solutions to aid in not only meeting their electricity demand forecasted for the next 25 to 40 years but also focussing on the energy dips, known as the Duck Curve”. In other words providing flexibility to the National Grid in parallel whilst also reducing the carbon footprint of the current generating station by either remodelling them, or to completely replace them with a better solution such as renewable energy with storage. This involves looking into the country’s previous, current and forecasted energy demands and energy sources available and comparing that results when a storage component is added to multiple parts on the grid. Alternatively, to investigate the ability to store electricity generated from any large power source (preferably Renewable Power Sources) efficiently and safely to support big communities, towns or cities for at least 24 hours at a continuous stable rate and the transmission and distribution infrastructure benefits there are when adding a storage component. The final expected output of the research would be to develop a basic spread sheet calculator capable of calculating the energy and financial impact it would have when implementing a certain amount of storage onto the national grid.
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- Authors: Van der Walt, Andries Jacobus
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Electric power production - South Africa , Energy development
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/263147 , uj:27814
- Description: M.Ing. (Electrical Engineering) , Abstract: The objectives were to perform extensive research on the South African Renewable Energy Storage capabilities and business case. The focus was also to investigate the advantages it would bring to the country to invest in energy storage solutions to aid in not only meeting their electricity demand forecasted for the next 25 to 40 years but also focussing on the energy dips, known as the Duck Curve”. In other words providing flexibility to the National Grid in parallel whilst also reducing the carbon footprint of the current generating station by either remodelling them, or to completely replace them with a better solution such as renewable energy with storage. This involves looking into the country’s previous, current and forecasted energy demands and energy sources available and comparing that results when a storage component is added to multiple parts on the grid. Alternatively, to investigate the ability to store electricity generated from any large power source (preferably Renewable Power Sources) efficiently and safely to support big communities, towns or cities for at least 24 hours at a continuous stable rate and the transmission and distribution infrastructure benefits there are when adding a storage component. The final expected output of the research would be to develop a basic spread sheet calculator capable of calculating the energy and financial impact it would have when implementing a certain amount of storage onto the national grid.
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Modelling renewable sources of energy for South Africa
- Authors: Xulu, Sicelo Goodwill
- Date: 2015-09-16
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Electric power - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14121 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14558
- Description: M.Phil. , The recent severe energy crisis and climate change considerations has forced the world to develop new and alternative methods of power generation, which has been partially adopted so far due to various reasons but not fully embraced by many. Renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind energy have become next generation technologies attracting a lot of attention in South Africa and around the world...
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- Authors: Xulu, Sicelo Goodwill
- Date: 2015-09-16
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Electric power - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14121 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14558
- Description: M.Phil. , The recent severe energy crisis and climate change considerations has forced the world to develop new and alternative methods of power generation, which has been partially adopted so far due to various reasons but not fully embraced by many. Renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind energy have become next generation technologies attracting a lot of attention in South Africa and around the world...
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Eco-vision aspect and sustainable development through hydrogen economy in South Africa
- Authors: Mabiza, J. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010-11-09
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Hydrogen - South Africa , Life cycle inventories
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14429
- Description: Hydrogen is a relevant purpose that South Africa sets as priority of renewable technologies in a bid to reduce the country’s oil and gas dependence and consequently reduction of its heavily carbon emission. Possessor worldwide of almost 75% of the platinum, South Africa sees the opportunity to play a new role in decades coming with the development of hydrogen economy highlighting positive impacts in socio-economical and ecological aspects. Platinum is a best catalyst metal to be used as electrode to the production of hydrogen by water electrolysis with no carbon emission. This paper examines the sustainability and technological development of hydrogen production for fuel cells technologies processes, the input-output energy comparison involved by utilizing life cycle inventories in which the energy and raw material consumption and different types of emissions related to a specific product are measured, analyzed and summoned over the life cycle’s entire products from an environmental viewpoint.
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- Authors: Mabiza, J. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010-11-09
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Hydrogen - South Africa , Life cycle inventories
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14429
- Description: Hydrogen is a relevant purpose that South Africa sets as priority of renewable technologies in a bid to reduce the country’s oil and gas dependence and consequently reduction of its heavily carbon emission. Possessor worldwide of almost 75% of the platinum, South Africa sees the opportunity to play a new role in decades coming with the development of hydrogen economy highlighting positive impacts in socio-economical and ecological aspects. Platinum is a best catalyst metal to be used as electrode to the production of hydrogen by water electrolysis with no carbon emission. This paper examines the sustainability and technological development of hydrogen production for fuel cells technologies processes, the input-output energy comparison involved by utilizing life cycle inventories in which the energy and raw material consumption and different types of emissions related to a specific product are measured, analyzed and summoned over the life cycle’s entire products from an environmental viewpoint.
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Die regering se rol in die ontwikkeling en implementering van alternatiewe hernubare energiebronne in Suid-Afrika
- Authors: Stassen, Gideon
- Date: 2014-04-14
- Subjects: Power resources - South Africa , Renewable energy sources - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10155
- Description: M.Phil. ( Energy Studies) , In contrast to conventional energy sources, the advantage of renewable energy lies in the fact that it is virtually inexhaustible and that its utilisation is accompanied by minima environmental pollution. I t is, furthermore, very appropriate especially seen in the light of the large Third World component of the South African energy economy. It therefore becomes necessary to evaluate the adequacy of Government strategy as far as the optimal development and utilisation of the renewable energy sources with the best potential in South Africa are concerned, against present and future needs for and the utilisation possibilities of these sources...
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- Authors: Stassen, Gideon
- Date: 2014-04-14
- Subjects: Power resources - South Africa , Renewable energy sources - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10155
- Description: M.Phil. ( Energy Studies) , In contrast to conventional energy sources, the advantage of renewable energy lies in the fact that it is virtually inexhaustible and that its utilisation is accompanied by minima environmental pollution. I t is, furthermore, very appropriate especially seen in the light of the large Third World component of the South African energy economy. It therefore becomes necessary to evaluate the adequacy of Government strategy as far as the optimal development and utilisation of the renewable energy sources with the best potential in South Africa are concerned, against present and future needs for and the utilisation possibilities of these sources...
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An assessment of the factors that influence the successes and failures of independent power producer projects
- Authors: Ndlovu, Buhlebethu Mfundo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electric utilities - South Africa - Management , Renewable energy sources - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/285842 , uj:30919
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The introduction of the Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (REI4P) in 2011 yielded significant results for South Africa. The REI4P is initiated to procure 17.8 GW of electricity generated from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) over the period 2012-2030. The REI4P had a perception of being expensive from the onset, the average electricity tariff for Renewable Energy (RE) projects is currently 40% cheaper than new coal generation facilities. By the end 2016, a total capacity of 3134 MW has been added to the grid with investment estimated to be $14 billion, thus making South Africa one of the leading destination for RE investment. This has led to the REI4P being acclaimed internationally as a great success. South Africa’s track record in executing major capital expenditure projects has been found wanting in recent times as both Medupi and Kusile coal based power stations have experienced rising execution costs and construction delays. The REI4P’s future beyond round three is currently unclear for Independent Power Producers (IPPs) as the fourth round of winning projects has not started since November 2014. With the announcement made by the South Africa government that the winning projects will be approved before the end of 2017, the challenges and success of IPPs during the first three bidding rounds of the REI4P are studied in this research. This paper aims to define the current REI4P market condition, recommend solutions in order improve the ability of IPPs to survive and be competitive in the future rounds of projects. The researcher uses the main sources of data, including primary data and secondary data. Secondary data is first analysed to assess the current situation of the electricity generation from RES in South Africa when compared with the leading and follower countries. Even though secondary data provides invaluable background information, it does not provide all the necessary information required to address aim of the study. Some primary data collection was gathered through questionnaire survey which assisted to fill the information gaps. The best fit method to address the research problem was to follow a quantitative method. This method enabled the researcher to quantify factors that has an influence on the performance of IPPs in South Africa. According to countries’ gross domestic product, the investment in REI4P is close to parity with the leading economies such as Germany. This has positively influenced South Africa’s installed capacity of both solar PV and...
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- Authors: Ndlovu, Buhlebethu Mfundo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electric utilities - South Africa - Management , Renewable energy sources - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/285842 , uj:30919
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The introduction of the Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (REI4P) in 2011 yielded significant results for South Africa. The REI4P is initiated to procure 17.8 GW of electricity generated from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) over the period 2012-2030. The REI4P had a perception of being expensive from the onset, the average electricity tariff for Renewable Energy (RE) projects is currently 40% cheaper than new coal generation facilities. By the end 2016, a total capacity of 3134 MW has been added to the grid with investment estimated to be $14 billion, thus making South Africa one of the leading destination for RE investment. This has led to the REI4P being acclaimed internationally as a great success. South Africa’s track record in executing major capital expenditure projects has been found wanting in recent times as both Medupi and Kusile coal based power stations have experienced rising execution costs and construction delays. The REI4P’s future beyond round three is currently unclear for Independent Power Producers (IPPs) as the fourth round of winning projects has not started since November 2014. With the announcement made by the South Africa government that the winning projects will be approved before the end of 2017, the challenges and success of IPPs during the first three bidding rounds of the REI4P are studied in this research. This paper aims to define the current REI4P market condition, recommend solutions in order improve the ability of IPPs to survive and be competitive in the future rounds of projects. The researcher uses the main sources of data, including primary data and secondary data. Secondary data is first analysed to assess the current situation of the electricity generation from RES in South Africa when compared with the leading and follower countries. Even though secondary data provides invaluable background information, it does not provide all the necessary information required to address aim of the study. Some primary data collection was gathered through questionnaire survey which assisted to fill the information gaps. The best fit method to address the research problem was to follow a quantitative method. This method enabled the researcher to quantify factors that has an influence on the performance of IPPs in South Africa. According to countries’ gross domestic product, the investment in REI4P is close to parity with the leading economies such as Germany. This has positively influenced South Africa’s installed capacity of both solar PV and...
- Full Text:
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