Attachment styles as predictors of posttraumatic growth
- Authors: Schuitmaker, Nicole
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Attachment behavior , Posttraumatic growth
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/279117 , uj:29969
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , Abstract: Attachment theory has become one of the major developmental theories of the last 50 years, influencing scientists and practitioners alike. Attachment theory has focused on the emotional bond emerging during the first year of life between infants and their caregiver(s). The attachment style that develops can influence an individual’s future relationships, self-worth, emotion regulation and coping strategies. Furthermore, attachment styles can impact how an individual experiences a trauma and the aftermath thereof. Traumatic events can result in the development of posttraumatic symptoms, distress, and depression; however traumatic events can also lead to a positive transformation, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTG can lead to positive changes in perceptions of the self, in relationships, and towards personal development. Although research has found that attachment styles may predict PTG, the literature is limited, particularly within South Africa. The current study aimed to investigate whether attachment styles could predict significant variance in PTG. The sample consisted of undergraduate students from a South African university who had experienced a traumatic event. An online survey consisting of a biographical questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was made available via the university’s online student portal. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine whether attachment styles were predictors of PTG. The results revealed that an anxious attachment style was a significant negative predictor of PTG. Additionally, amongst the five domains of PTG, an anxious...
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- Authors: Schuitmaker, Nicole
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Attachment behavior , Posttraumatic growth
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/279117 , uj:29969
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , Abstract: Attachment theory has become one of the major developmental theories of the last 50 years, influencing scientists and practitioners alike. Attachment theory has focused on the emotional bond emerging during the first year of life between infants and their caregiver(s). The attachment style that develops can influence an individual’s future relationships, self-worth, emotion regulation and coping strategies. Furthermore, attachment styles can impact how an individual experiences a trauma and the aftermath thereof. Traumatic events can result in the development of posttraumatic symptoms, distress, and depression; however traumatic events can also lead to a positive transformation, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTG can lead to positive changes in perceptions of the self, in relationships, and towards personal development. Although research has found that attachment styles may predict PTG, the literature is limited, particularly within South Africa. The current study aimed to investigate whether attachment styles could predict significant variance in PTG. The sample consisted of undergraduate students from a South African university who had experienced a traumatic event. An online survey consisting of a biographical questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was made available via the university’s online student portal. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine whether attachment styles were predictors of PTG. The results revealed that an anxious attachment style was a significant negative predictor of PTG. Additionally, amongst the five domains of PTG, an anxious...
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Humour styles as moderators in the relationship between executive functioning and posttraumatic growth
- Authors: Naidoo, Kuvashnee
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wit and humor , Posttraumatic growth , Post-traumatic stress disorder - Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400311 , uj:33404
- Description: Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. , M.A. (Psychology)
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- Authors: Naidoo, Kuvashnee
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wit and humor , Posttraumatic growth , Post-traumatic stress disorder - Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400311 , uj:33404
- Description: Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. , M.A. (Psychology)
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Investigating the factor structure of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) in the South African context
- Authors: Otto, Bêne
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Posttraumatic growth
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/421106 , uj:35881
- Description: M.A. (Counselling Psychology) , Abstract: A growing body of literature reveals that, in the aftermath of trauma, meaningful lessons, experiencing a sense of intensified personal strength, and an enhanced appreciation for life, may ensue. This phenomenon is described as posttraumatic growth (PTG). With the increased interest in PTG, there is an increased need for psychometrically sound PTG measures. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) is the most commonly used measure developed to capture the construct of PTG. Although originally developed and validated for the American population, the PTGI has been commonly used to measure PTG in a number of other countries, including South Africa. Several studies have investigated the psychometric properties of the PTGI and its factor structure, and revealed ambiguous results. Thus, the aim of the present study was to further examine the psychometric properties of the PTGI within a diverse context by specifically evaluating its internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity, using a group of South African emerging adults exposed to trauma (N = 1303). Results revealed moderate to high internal consistency for all items, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging between .78 and .89. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a five-factor higher-order model provided the best reasonable fit. Although, because the fit indices for all models were analogous, the evidence for this model was not compelling. While further validation studies may be beneficial, the conclusion was reached that there is reasonable support for the use of the PTGI within the multicultural South African context.
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- Authors: Otto, Bêne
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Posttraumatic growth
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/421106 , uj:35881
- Description: M.A. (Counselling Psychology) , Abstract: A growing body of literature reveals that, in the aftermath of trauma, meaningful lessons, experiencing a sense of intensified personal strength, and an enhanced appreciation for life, may ensue. This phenomenon is described as posttraumatic growth (PTG). With the increased interest in PTG, there is an increased need for psychometrically sound PTG measures. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) is the most commonly used measure developed to capture the construct of PTG. Although originally developed and validated for the American population, the PTGI has been commonly used to measure PTG in a number of other countries, including South Africa. Several studies have investigated the psychometric properties of the PTGI and its factor structure, and revealed ambiguous results. Thus, the aim of the present study was to further examine the psychometric properties of the PTGI within a diverse context by specifically evaluating its internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity, using a group of South African emerging adults exposed to trauma (N = 1303). Results revealed moderate to high internal consistency for all items, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging between .78 and .89. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a five-factor higher-order model provided the best reasonable fit. Although, because the fit indices for all models were analogous, the evidence for this model was not compelling. While further validation studies may be beneficial, the conclusion was reached that there is reasonable support for the use of the PTGI within the multicultural South African context.
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Post traumatic growth, meaning in life and hope among emerging adults
- Authors: De Klerk, Elonie
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Positive psychology , Posttraumatic growth , Meaning (Psychology) , Post-traumatic stress disorder , Hope
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/235217 , uj:24064
- Description: M.A. (Counselling Psychology) , Abstract: Positive psychology (PP) is interested in individuals’ optimal human functioning and focuses on positive experiences and positive characters and virtues. A developmental phase that seems to particularly benefit from positive functioning is emerging adulthood, which refers to individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 years. When these individuals enter the university context as students, additional factors may impact on their development. Moreover, although emerging adults tend to seem hopeful about the future, have the potential to establish close relationships and are capable of positive change, yet research has mainly focussed on negative aspects concerning this life phase. This study therefore aims to focus on aspects that could be indicators of positive functioning during this life phase, namely post traumatic growth (PTG), meaning in life (MIL) and hope. This study also examines the relationship between these constructs, as well as MIL and hope as predictors of PTG. In order to achieve these aims, a quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational research design was implemented. The sample consisted of emerging adults (n= 166), who completed an online survey, which consisted of a Biographical Questionnaire, the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MILQ) and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The MILQ was used to determine the Presence of Meaning (MIL-P) and Search for Meaning (MIL-S). The participants in this study indicated high levels of PTG, MIL and hope. Relationships between PTG and MIL-P, PTG and hope and MIL- P and hope were positive and statistically significant. The prediction values of both MIL-P and hope towards PTG were statistically significant. Further research is needed to better understand the factors that influence the relationships between PTG, MIL and hope. Recommendations within this context are discussed.
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- Authors: De Klerk, Elonie
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Positive psychology , Posttraumatic growth , Meaning (Psychology) , Post-traumatic stress disorder , Hope
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/235217 , uj:24064
- Description: M.A. (Counselling Psychology) , Abstract: Positive psychology (PP) is interested in individuals’ optimal human functioning and focuses on positive experiences and positive characters and virtues. A developmental phase that seems to particularly benefit from positive functioning is emerging adulthood, which refers to individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 years. When these individuals enter the university context as students, additional factors may impact on their development. Moreover, although emerging adults tend to seem hopeful about the future, have the potential to establish close relationships and are capable of positive change, yet research has mainly focussed on negative aspects concerning this life phase. This study therefore aims to focus on aspects that could be indicators of positive functioning during this life phase, namely post traumatic growth (PTG), meaning in life (MIL) and hope. This study also examines the relationship between these constructs, as well as MIL and hope as predictors of PTG. In order to achieve these aims, a quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational research design was implemented. The sample consisted of emerging adults (n= 166), who completed an online survey, which consisted of a Biographical Questionnaire, the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MILQ) and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The MILQ was used to determine the Presence of Meaning (MIL-P) and Search for Meaning (MIL-S). The participants in this study indicated high levels of PTG, MIL and hope. Relationships between PTG and MIL-P, PTG and hope and MIL- P and hope were positive and statistically significant. The prediction values of both MIL-P and hope towards PTG were statistically significant. Further research is needed to better understand the factors that influence the relationships between PTG, MIL and hope. Recommendations within this context are discussed.
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Psychologists’ experiences of vicarious posttraumatic growth in South Africa
- Authors: Lorgat, Nasreen
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Psychologists , Posttraumatic growth , Post-traumatic stress disorder - Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/420376 , uj:35789
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The experience of Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth (VPTG) is common in South Africa. This study is aimed at exploring the life experiences of psychologists with regards to their exposure to secondary trauma and its manifestation of VPTG, and by doing so, it contributes to the sparse literature in the field. Method: The principles of an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) served as the theoretical framework for the data collection and analysis phases of this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four participants, which where transcribed and analysed for themes related to VPTG, as experienced by practicing psychologists. Findings: Three superordinate themes were identified which explains how psychologists “make sense of the experienced phenomena”, what “facilitates their vicarious growth”, and the “growth outcomes” that they were left with. Nine interrelated subordinate themes were identified, as well as, additional findings relating to South African risk factors for trauma and other contributors towards growth outcomes. Conclusion: The findings in this study share great similarities with that of existing literature by highlighting the subjective manner in which trauma and growth is experienced, the overlap between PTG and VPTG, and growth outcomes distinctive to VPTG. An unexpected theme of “survivor’s guilt” was discovered which is unique to this study and creates opportunities for further research in the field of VPTG. , M.A. (Psychology)
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- Authors: Lorgat, Nasreen
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Psychologists , Posttraumatic growth , Post-traumatic stress disorder - Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/420376 , uj:35789
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The experience of Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth (VPTG) is common in South Africa. This study is aimed at exploring the life experiences of psychologists with regards to their exposure to secondary trauma and its manifestation of VPTG, and by doing so, it contributes to the sparse literature in the field. Method: The principles of an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) served as the theoretical framework for the data collection and analysis phases of this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four participants, which where transcribed and analysed for themes related to VPTG, as experienced by practicing psychologists. Findings: Three superordinate themes were identified which explains how psychologists “make sense of the experienced phenomena”, what “facilitates their vicarious growth”, and the “growth outcomes” that they were left with. Nine interrelated subordinate themes were identified, as well as, additional findings relating to South African risk factors for trauma and other contributors towards growth outcomes. Conclusion: The findings in this study share great similarities with that of existing literature by highlighting the subjective manner in which trauma and growth is experienced, the overlap between PTG and VPTG, and growth outcomes distinctive to VPTG. An unexpected theme of “survivor’s guilt” was discovered which is unique to this study and creates opportunities for further research in the field of VPTG. , M.A. (Psychology)
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