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A comparison of South Africa's quiet diplomacy towards Nigeria and Zimbabwe

- Graham, Victoria

  • Authors: Graham, Victoria
  • Date: 2008-10-29T06:57:43Z
  • Subjects: Diplomacy , South Africa foreign relations , Zimbabwe , Nigeria
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/366735 , uj:13570 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1370
  • Description: M.A. , Diplomacy is the most widely used instrument of foreign policy. The changing international environment, brought about by the end of the Cold War and the increasingly popular doctrine of humanitarian intervention, has altered the nature of diplomacy. “Quiet diplomacy” has progressively become the bon mot of international relations. However, quiet diplomacy is a loose term that is bandied about in reference to many kinds of “soft” diplomatic approaches. This study is an attempt to provide some clarity on the conceptualisation of quiet diplomacy, through the comparative analysis of its use by two successive South African Presidents - Mandela and Mbeki - in two African crises. The study proposes a set of indicators of quiet diplomacy, namely: personal or direct diplomacy between heads of state or government or senior officials; little (or no) media involvement; the appearance of limited action or even inaction; calm and tactful but persistent negotiation or dialogue in a non-threatening atmosphere; constructive engagement with the target country in an effort to solve the problems as quietly as possible; and finally, diplomacy often carried out in the context of bilateral or multilateral efforts. These indicators are operationalised during the course of the study by applying them to Mandela’s use of these tactics in the Nigerian crisis in 1995 and then Mbeki’s quiet diplomacy towards the Zimbabwean government in 2000-2004. The new South Africa was instantly placed under enormous pressure to assume responsibility, both economically and politically, for the revitalisation of the African continent. In addition Mandela was regarded as a supreme symbol of peace and reconciliation and the international community looked to him to resolve Nigeria’s woes. Mbeki’s soft approach to Mugabe has been the target of international speculation and criticism, especially in light of Mbeki’s stated commitment to the African Renaissance and good governance in Africa. The successes and failures of South Africa’s quiet diplomacy in these two situations are discussed. Notable findings are Mandela’s shift from quiet to coercive diplomacy during the Nigerian crisis and the negative consequences of that decision. The implications of this undertaking are considerable because it was South Africa’s use of coercion and its subsequent failure in Nigeria that prompted Mbeki’s government to pursue only quiet diplomacy in Zimbabwe. , Mr. P.P. Fourie Prof. D.J. Geldenhuys
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Airport capacity utilization in Nigeria : a performance and efficiency analysis

- Stephens, Mobolaji S., Ukpere, Wilfred I.

  • Authors: Stephens, Mobolaji S. , Ukpere, Wilfred I.
  • Date: 2011-11
  • Subjects: Nigeria , Air transport , Air traffic flow , Staggered airport schedules , Air traffic management
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:5780 , ISSN 1993-8233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7787
  • Description: Most airlines in Nigeria fly at about the same time of the day creating great strains on airports’ runways and air traffic management. This study examines air traffic flow: recorded landings and take-off times, arrival times and time between arrivals and times spent in the airport. The data collected were analyzed using the queue theory to know the airport turnaround time and the rate of usage of the airport as well as time variation in usage pattern. The results showed that the airport was grossly underutilized; most domestic traffic movements had two main peaks (morning and evening) with the headway been dangerously close. There is grave danger in clustered take-offs and landings so it was advised that to boost airport capacity utilization staggering of airlines’ schedules should be encouraged.
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Analysis of clean coal technology in Nigeria for energy generation

- Oboirien, B. O., North, B. C., Obayopo, S. O., Odusote, J. K., Sadiku, E. R.

  • Authors: Oboirien, B. O. , North, B. C. , Obayopo, S. O. , Odusote, J. K. , Sadiku, E. R.
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Clean Coal Technologies , Nigeria , Coal
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/283092 , uj:30517 , Citation: Oboirien, B.O. et al. 2018. Analysis of clean coal technology in Nigeria for energy generation.
  • Description: Abstract: An analysis of clean coal technologies for the recovery of energy from Nigerian coals was carried out. The coal mines studied are Onyeama, Ogwashi, Ezimo, Inyi, Amasiodo, Okaba, Lafia-Obi, Owukpa Owukpa, Ogboyoga and Okpara. The estimated reserves of the ten coal deposit amount to 2.1 Gt, which is about 84 % of the total coal reserves of the country 2.5 Gt of coal Nigeria. The key clean coal technologies studied are Ultra-Supercritical Combustion (USC), Supercritical-Fluidised Bed Combustion (FBC), Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Coal bed Methane (CBM) and the results were compared with conventional subcritical pulverised fuel combustion (PF). The total potential energy recovery from these technologies are: PF 5800 TWh, FBC 7250 TWh, IGCC 7618 TWh, and USC 8519 TWh. This indicates an increase of about 31% in the total electricity generation if USC technology is used instead of the conventional sub-critical PF technology...
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Challenges of student housing provision through public private partnership

- Ibrahim, AbdulHafeez, Musonda, Innocent, Ibrahim, Kabir

  • Authors: Ibrahim, AbdulHafeez , Musonda, Innocent , Ibrahim, Kabir
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Build-operate-transfer , Nigeria , Public private partnership
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/278483 , uj:29885 , Citation: Ibrahim, A., Musonda, I. & Ibrahim, K. 2018. Challenges of student housing provision through public private partnership.
  • Description: Abstract: The conditions of suitable accommodation congruent to students’ academic pursuits are at their worst decline. Inadequate hostels for students in Nigerian Universities have been of great concern to Government and the University authorities. In the absence of public funds for infrastructure projects, the government’s attempt to attract the private sector in the provision of student housing has not recorded significant achievement. This study reports on the challenges faced by developers in adopting the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) model of project delivery with focus on public private partnerships (PPP) in Nigeria. The study found that developers perceive investment in student housing under BOT as worthy of investment. The study used a mixed method of data collection. One hundred and twenty questionnaires were administered to members of the Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria, and interviews were conducted with the Nigerian Infrastructure Regulator commission (ICRC). The study found that Developers are willing to adopt BOT for Student Housing. The study concludes that lack of long term loans, time and cost intensiveness of a BOT project, high interest rate on loans, disinterest on the part of lending institution, and preference for traditional procurement route are the challenges faced by developers in adopting Build-Operate-Transfer for the provision of student housing.
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Dynamics of knowledge diffusion in the informal settings

- Jegede, Oluseye Oladayo

  • Authors: Jegede, Oluseye Oladayo
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Cluster , ICT , Nigeria
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/457978 , uj:40661 , Citation: Jegede, O.O. 2020. Dynamics of knowledge diffusion in the informal settings.
  • Description: Abstract: The study explored the dynamics of knowledge flow in a typical knowledge cluster in Nigeria. The research was grounded on the collection of first-hand data from two hundred (200) randomly selected informal ICT microenterprises by developing and administering survey instruments in the Otigba computer hardware cluster in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. The result showed that the basic means of identifying knowledge gap was through feedbacks received from customers and suppliers and through record keeping of problems encountered with the solutions that were provided. The result further showed that knowledge acquisition was achieved either through formal (university education and trainings) and informal methods (apprenticeship system and indigenous knowledge systems) while knowledge development was implemented by mix methods of learning - a blend of university education with apprenticeship system. The result also revealed that knowledge diffusion was communal in the cluster; the enterprises within the cluster were relatively innovative with process innovation ranking strongest. In all, knowledge sharing was the chief source of scaling-up of enterprises in the cluster without limiting the growth of individual enterprises.
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Human resource management practices in quantity surveying firms

- Oke, Ayodeji, E., Aigbavboa, Clinton, O., Odia, Oamen, M.

Nuclear Energy : a viable option for an uninterrupted electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa using Nigeria as a case study

- Ayo-Imoru, Ronke, Ali, Ahmed A., Bokoro, Pitshou N.

  • Authors: Ayo-Imoru, Ronke , Ali, Ahmed A. , Bokoro, Pitshou N.
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Energy mix , Nigeria , Nuclear energy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489483 , uj:44632 , Citation: Ayo-Imoru, R., Ali, A.A. & Bokoro, P.N. 2021. Nuclear Energy : a viable option for an uninterrupted electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa using Nigeria as a case study.
  • Description: Abstract: More than 770million people in the world have no access to electricity and Africa alone has about 580 million people out of these numbers. Although half of the world’s energy resources is found in the African continent, there is still a prevailing crisis in terms of access to electricity and unstable power supply mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This is a serious setback to the 7th sustainable development goal of universal access by 2030.The major need of the continent is an immediate huge consistent source of energy which can be easily achieved with nuclear technology. Nuclear energy does not only provide excessive amount of energy, but it also provides affordable and clean energy which is in line with the 13th sustainable development goal of “taking action to combat climate change”. Nuclear technology also provides other enormous benefits in areas like agriculture, water desalination, medicine, and archaeology. The aim of this research is to investigate the factors causing epileptic power supply in Sub-Saharan Africa focussing on how nuclear technology can be a potential solution. This investigation is carried out based on data from Africa’s most populous nation Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from the Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN), the Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission (NAEC), the National Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC), the Nigeria Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The data obtained were used to make the energy profile using energy modelling tools. In this research the electricity demand and supply in Nigeria was investigated and factors causing the lack of electricity outlined. The possibilities of nuclear energy being employed and factors that affect the use of nuclear energy in Sub-Saharan Africa were considered. Furthermore, the question of how nuclear energy can be a way out of darkness for Sub-Saharan Africa was discussed. Factors to be put into consideration in harnessing nuclear energy were considered. The factors outlined include more effort to be geared towards public acceptance and education, collaborations of various institution to achieve the required human resource development, compliance with global best practises, upgrade of which include the grid and a strong government commitment in including nuclear energy into the energy mix. The challenges involved in harnessing nuclear energy were also considered and suggestions proffered. Some of the challenges that were outlined are: how the existing grid size could accommodate the Nuclear Power Plants (NPP), suggestions of possibilities of considering smaller infrastructure capacity NPPs like Small Modular Reactors (SMR) were proffered. The stance of most African nation of having great untapped renewable energy resource as a reason for not employing nuclear energy was addressed. Compared to renewable energy sources, nuclear energy provides cheaper and stable electricity for baseload which is a driver for industrialisation unlike renewables that provides intermittent electricity which is dependent on different non constant factors. It was concluded that Sub-Saharan Africa can have an uninterrupted electricity if the potentials in nuclear energy is harnessed and included into her energy mix.
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Poverty Reduction Programmes in Nigeria: Issues and the Way Forward

- Durokifa Anuoluwapo

Regional Economic Groupings and security challenges : a comparative study of ECOWAS and SADC

- Okeke, G.S. Mmaduabuchi, Odubajo, Tola

  • Authors: Okeke, G.S. Mmaduabuchi , Odubajo, Tola
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: ECOWAS , SADC , Nigeria
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/290590 , uj:31549 , Citation: Okeke, G.S.M. & Odubajo, T. 2018. Regional Economic Groupings and security challenges : a comparative study of ECOWAS and SADC.
  • Description: Abstract: Amidst the demanding need for economic integration, the pressure for security is always present. The several dimensions of security have also suffered a paradigmatic shift, especially in the context of upsurge in global terrorism, and several human security challenges. The article contextually addresses the contending issues and comparatively analyzes the similarities and differences in both regions: West Africa and Southern Africa. The functionalist approach is applied in the explanations of the circumstances that led to the establishment of ECOWAS and SADC as Regional Economic Groupings. Data for the research were adapted from secondary sources; published works, from libraries, internet sources and archival materials. The comparative method brings the strategic issues in security management in both regions into focus, and the significance in emulating or learning from each other, with a view to finding common ground in the amelioration of the real security challenges.
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Research trend vis-à-vis Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria

- Idowu, Taiwo Aderonke, Olaniran, Sunday Olawale, Perumal, Juliet

  • Authors: Idowu, Taiwo Aderonke , Olaniran, Sunday Olawale , Perumal, Juliet
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Bibliometrics , Nigeria , Research Projects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/462242 , uj:41210 , Citation: Idowu, T.A., Olaniran, S.O., & Perumal, J. 2020. Research trend vis-à-vis Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria.
  • Description: Abstract: Nigeria is among the countries that subscribed to the adoption of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, little is known about Nigeria’s efforts and investment in research towards actualising these goals. The thrust of this study is to track the trend of SDGs research in Nigeria. The bibliometrics technique was adopted to analyse journal articles on the SDGs by Nigerian authors, using the SCOPUS database. The findings revealed a scant growth of research publications on SDGs, especially within the first two years of its adoption (2015-2017). However, in the third year, there was an exponential growth in research publication output, which grew marginally thereafter. This implies that the SDGs have not been internalised among the populace and are largely missing in scholarly debates and policy discourse. The study recommends that special funding should be allocated for SDGs related research projects to actualize the seventeen SDGs in Nigeria.
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The role of women in peacemaking, conflict and rehabilitation management in Elele, Ikwerre Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria

- Ogoloma, Fineface I., Ukpere, Wilfred I.

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