The effect of cervical spine manipulation versus mechanical cervical traction on suboccipital trigger points
- Authors: De Beer, Thiani
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/285742 , uj:30907
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether mechanical cervical traction had an effect on suboccipital myofascial trigger points, by comparing it to the effect of cervical spine manipulation on suboccipital myofascial trigger points. Method: This was a randomised comparative study, consisting of two groups of 15 participants each. Anyone suffering from neck pain caused by suboccipital myofascial trigger points and aged between 18 and 55 years were considered eligible for this study. Potential participants were examined and accepted to partake in this study, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of fifteen, thereby determining the treatment method that was administered. Group A participants received a chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine on the side that the occiput presented restricted during motion palpation. Group B participants received mechanical cervical traction alone. Procedure: Participants completed the study over a period of three weeks. Subjective and objective readings were taken at the 1st, 4th and 7th visits. The subjective data was collected by means of the numerical pain rating scale and the Vernon-Mior neck pain and Disability Index questionnaire. The objective data was collected by means of cervical spine range of motion measurements and pressure algometer readings over the suboccipital muscles bilaterally. Participants received their allocated treatments, according to their group, during the first 6 visits. The 7th and final visit only included data capturing. The subjective and objective data collected during this trial period was analysed by a statistician. Results: The statistical data was analysed using the Friedman test, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed a clinically and statistically significant improvement in both group A and group B, with regards to subjective and objective data. However, treatment received by group B proved to be statistically superior to treatment received by group A on many components of the subjective and objective measurements...
- Full Text:
- Authors: De Beer, Thiani
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/285742 , uj:30907
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether mechanical cervical traction had an effect on suboccipital myofascial trigger points, by comparing it to the effect of cervical spine manipulation on suboccipital myofascial trigger points. Method: This was a randomised comparative study, consisting of two groups of 15 participants each. Anyone suffering from neck pain caused by suboccipital myofascial trigger points and aged between 18 and 55 years were considered eligible for this study. Potential participants were examined and accepted to partake in this study, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of fifteen, thereby determining the treatment method that was administered. Group A participants received a chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine on the side that the occiput presented restricted during motion palpation. Group B participants received mechanical cervical traction alone. Procedure: Participants completed the study over a period of three weeks. Subjective and objective readings were taken at the 1st, 4th and 7th visits. The subjective data was collected by means of the numerical pain rating scale and the Vernon-Mior neck pain and Disability Index questionnaire. The objective data was collected by means of cervical spine range of motion measurements and pressure algometer readings over the suboccipital muscles bilaterally. Participants received their allocated treatments, according to their group, during the first 6 visits. The 7th and final visit only included data capturing. The subjective and objective data collected during this trial period was analysed by a statistician. Results: The statistical data was analysed using the Friedman test, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed a clinically and statistically significant improvement in both group A and group B, with regards to subjective and objective data. However, treatment received by group B proved to be statistically superior to treatment received by group A on many components of the subjective and objective measurements...
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The effect of chiropractic adjustment of innervation versus attachment site in the treatment of chronic, active myofascial trigger points of infraspinatus
- Authors: Hutchinson, Melissa Jean
- Date: 2015-07-15
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13758 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14023
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: Shoulder pain has been identified to be one of the most common musculoskeletal problems found in a variety of different countries, showing characteristics of chronicity and recurrence. It is considered to be a main contributor towards nontraumatic upper limb pain. One of the identifiable causes of chronic or reoccuring shoulder pain may be attributed to myofascial pain syndrome which is caused by MTrP’s and produces symptoms that are similar to that of other shoulder pain syndromes. The infraspinatus muscle as an integral component of the rotator cuff complex is subject to high tension biomechanical strain as well as neuromuscular tension. While therapeutic interventions have been devised to treat varying degrees of biomechanical and neuomuscular tension, little evidence exists establishing which of these treatment regimes is most effective in treating myofascial trigger points. The purpose of this study was to compare different regional chiropractic adjustments relative to the attachment site and the innervation segment of the infraspinatus muscle and to identify the most effective treatment protocol with regard to chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. DESIGN: A selection of thirty participants were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups of fifteen participants each. Group A received a chiropractic adjustment to the glenohumeral joint, the attachment site for infraspinatus muscle. Group B received a chiropractic adjustment to the cervical spine segments associated with the innervation to the infraspinatus muscle. Cervical spine restrictions specific to levels C4/C5 and/or C5/C6, and glenohumeral joint restrictions were determined using motion palpation techniques. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three-four week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer and counting the number of active infrapsinatus myofascial trigger points. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (15.5%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (68.8%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. vii With regard to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (21.7%). There were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. The intragroup and intergroup analysis of the number of active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction showed no statistically significant differences between the groups or within each of the groups over time. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both treatment groups protocols were effective in reducing chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. Small differences were noted between the two treatment groups with regards to the subjective and objective findings. The glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest clinical and statistical improvements over the three-four week trial period.
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- Authors: Hutchinson, Melissa Jean
- Date: 2015-07-15
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13758 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14023
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: Shoulder pain has been identified to be one of the most common musculoskeletal problems found in a variety of different countries, showing characteristics of chronicity and recurrence. It is considered to be a main contributor towards nontraumatic upper limb pain. One of the identifiable causes of chronic or reoccuring shoulder pain may be attributed to myofascial pain syndrome which is caused by MTrP’s and produces symptoms that are similar to that of other shoulder pain syndromes. The infraspinatus muscle as an integral component of the rotator cuff complex is subject to high tension biomechanical strain as well as neuromuscular tension. While therapeutic interventions have been devised to treat varying degrees of biomechanical and neuomuscular tension, little evidence exists establishing which of these treatment regimes is most effective in treating myofascial trigger points. The purpose of this study was to compare different regional chiropractic adjustments relative to the attachment site and the innervation segment of the infraspinatus muscle and to identify the most effective treatment protocol with regard to chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. DESIGN: A selection of thirty participants were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups of fifteen participants each. Group A received a chiropractic adjustment to the glenohumeral joint, the attachment site for infraspinatus muscle. Group B received a chiropractic adjustment to the cervical spine segments associated with the innervation to the infraspinatus muscle. Cervical spine restrictions specific to levels C4/C5 and/or C5/C6, and glenohumeral joint restrictions were determined using motion palpation techniques. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three-four week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer and counting the number of active infrapsinatus myofascial trigger points. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (15.5%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (68.8%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. vii With regard to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (21.7%). There were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. The intragroup and intergroup analysis of the number of active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction showed no statistically significant differences between the groups or within each of the groups over time. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both treatment groups protocols were effective in reducing chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. Small differences were noted between the two treatment groups with regards to the subjective and objective findings. The glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest clinical and statistical improvements over the three-four week trial period.
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Activator trigger point therapy versus interferential current in the treatment of inter-scapular pain due to rhomboid trigger points
- Authors: Griesel, Desiree
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Electrotherapeutics , Scapula
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226459 , uj:22897
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of activator trigger point therapy versus interferential current (IFC) in the treatment of inter-scapular pain that is caused by rhomboid major and minor trigger points. The aim was to compare these findings in terms of the number of rhomboid trigger points within the rhomboid muscle and the changes found in the pain pressure threshold measurements. This study would then establish which treatment protocol was most effective in reducing inter-scapular pain owing to the resolution of rhomboid trigger points Method: A sample of 40 participants between the ages of 19 and 42 years, took part in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 20 participants. Group 1 received activator trigger point therapy delivered to their rhomboid trigger points and Group 2 received interferential current over their involved rhomboid trigger points. Procedure: The trial period included six treatments delivered over a period of three weeks with a seventh visit for measurement only thus no treatment administered. Subjective and objective data was collected at visit 1, visit 4 and visit 7. Subjective measurements included the McGill Pain questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating scale and objective measurements was recorded using a pressure algometer. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric testing that included the Shapiro-Wilk test to test for normality. For intragroup analysis the Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was performed and for intergroup analysis the Mann-Whitney U test was used. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference for intragroup analysis and no statistical significance for intergroup analysis. Therefore no treatment protocol proved to be superior... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Griesel, Desiree
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Electrotherapeutics , Scapula
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226459 , uj:22897
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of activator trigger point therapy versus interferential current (IFC) in the treatment of inter-scapular pain that is caused by rhomboid major and minor trigger points. The aim was to compare these findings in terms of the number of rhomboid trigger points within the rhomboid muscle and the changes found in the pain pressure threshold measurements. This study would then establish which treatment protocol was most effective in reducing inter-scapular pain owing to the resolution of rhomboid trigger points Method: A sample of 40 participants between the ages of 19 and 42 years, took part in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 20 participants. Group 1 received activator trigger point therapy delivered to their rhomboid trigger points and Group 2 received interferential current over their involved rhomboid trigger points. Procedure: The trial period included six treatments delivered over a period of three weeks with a seventh visit for measurement only thus no treatment administered. Subjective and objective data was collected at visit 1, visit 4 and visit 7. Subjective measurements included the McGill Pain questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating scale and objective measurements was recorded using a pressure algometer. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric testing that included the Shapiro-Wilk test to test for normality. For intragroup analysis the Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was performed and for intergroup analysis the Mann-Whitney U test was used. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference for intragroup analysis and no statistical significance for intergroup analysis. Therefore no treatment protocol proved to be superior... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The comparative efficacy of attachment- versus innervation- segment chiropractic adjustments in the treatment of chronic, active rhomboid myofascial trigger point dysfunction
- Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Authors: Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4760
- Description: M. Tech. , Background: No substantiated theory exists by which chiropractic adjustments are known to correct myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Myofascial trigger points are theorized to be either a primary muscle dysfunction or a secondary manifestation to central/ peripheral neurological mechanisms. Chiropractic adjustments are theorized to exert their therapeutic influence either primarily through biomechanical effects and/ or via neurophysiological mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chiropractic adjustments on chronic, active rhomboid MTrPs, by comparing the clinical effects attained with rhomboid attachment-segment (C7-T5) relative to rhomboid innervation-segment (C4 and/ or C5) chiropractic adjustments. Setting: University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Participants: Thirty female subjects selected from the general population (from 18 to 40 years) were randomly divided into two different treatment groups of 15 each. Methods: The subjective information required the completion of the Subjective Pain and Discomfort Questionnaire, including the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The objective measures collected were pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and range of motion measurements using the algometer and digital inclinometer, respectively. Additionally, the change in the number of active MTrPs over the treatment period was recorded. All measurements were recorded at the first, third and fifth consultations, over a 3 to 4 week period. The data gathered were then statistically analyzed with the use of a 95% confidence interval. The nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for the intragroup comparisons, and the Mann Whitney- U test was used for the intergroup comparisons. Interventions: Treatment group 1 received upper-thoracic/ attachment- segment chiropractic adjustments, and treatment group 2 received mid-cervical/ innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments. The research project was carried out so that both groups received 5 treatment sessions over 3 to 4 weeks. Results: There were no statistically significant results obtained for intergroup comparisons. Attachment-segment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values (p=0.000), PPT values (p=0.000), cervical spine right lateral flexion range (p=0.004), thoracic spine extension (p=0.005) and left rotation range (p=0.003) over time. Innervationsegment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values v ii (p=0.001), cervical spine right rotation (p=0.003), thoracic spine flexion (p=0.001) right lateral flexion (p=0.001) and left rotation (p=0.005) over time. Conclusions: This study does not suggest that attachment-segment or innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments possess greater clinical efficacy relative to one another in terms of improving the clinical picture associated with chronic, active rhomboid MTrP activity. In a further study, a larger sample size will be necessary to identify subtle changes in measurement parameters.
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- Authors: Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4760
- Description: M. Tech. , Background: No substantiated theory exists by which chiropractic adjustments are known to correct myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Myofascial trigger points are theorized to be either a primary muscle dysfunction or a secondary manifestation to central/ peripheral neurological mechanisms. Chiropractic adjustments are theorized to exert their therapeutic influence either primarily through biomechanical effects and/ or via neurophysiological mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chiropractic adjustments on chronic, active rhomboid MTrPs, by comparing the clinical effects attained with rhomboid attachment-segment (C7-T5) relative to rhomboid innervation-segment (C4 and/ or C5) chiropractic adjustments. Setting: University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Participants: Thirty female subjects selected from the general population (from 18 to 40 years) were randomly divided into two different treatment groups of 15 each. Methods: The subjective information required the completion of the Subjective Pain and Discomfort Questionnaire, including the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The objective measures collected were pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and range of motion measurements using the algometer and digital inclinometer, respectively. Additionally, the change in the number of active MTrPs over the treatment period was recorded. All measurements were recorded at the first, third and fifth consultations, over a 3 to 4 week period. The data gathered were then statistically analyzed with the use of a 95% confidence interval. The nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for the intragroup comparisons, and the Mann Whitney- U test was used for the intergroup comparisons. Interventions: Treatment group 1 received upper-thoracic/ attachment- segment chiropractic adjustments, and treatment group 2 received mid-cervical/ innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments. The research project was carried out so that both groups received 5 treatment sessions over 3 to 4 weeks. Results: There were no statistically significant results obtained for intergroup comparisons. Attachment-segment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values (p=0.000), PPT values (p=0.000), cervical spine right lateral flexion range (p=0.004), thoracic spine extension (p=0.005) and left rotation range (p=0.003) over time. Innervationsegment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values v ii (p=0.001), cervical spine right rotation (p=0.003), thoracic spine flexion (p=0.001) right lateral flexion (p=0.001) and left rotation (p=0.005) over time. Conclusions: This study does not suggest that attachment-segment or innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments possess greater clinical efficacy relative to one another in terms of improving the clinical picture associated with chronic, active rhomboid MTrP activity. In a further study, a larger sample size will be necessary to identify subtle changes in measurement parameters.
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A comparison between myofascial dry needling with and without full post-needling protocol in the treatment of acute myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome
- Authors: Moorcroft, Vanessa
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Dry needling therapy , Acupuncture
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/374641 , uj:7454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8314
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is presently considered to be the leading diagnosis amongst pain management physicians and the leading diagnosis amongst pain sufferers reporting to general practitioners (Harden, Bruehl, Gass, Niemiec & Barbick, 2000). The goal of dry needling and the other above mentioned soft tissue treatments is to alleviate the MTrP’s in the muscle, thereby restoring the muscle to its normal tissue mobility and returning it to proper functional capacity (Travell & Simons, 1999). A post-needling protocol may be used to reduce post-needling soreness at the needling site, to facilitate tissue repair after needling and to normalise muscle function and ROM after needling (Travell & Simons, 1999). The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of dry needling on its own and in combination with a widely prescribed post-needling protocol of heat, active range of motion (ROM) exercises and passive stretches, with regards to changes in pressure pain threshold, pain and cervical spine ranges of motion, to determine which the superior treatment is. Participants who went to the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic were eligible to participate in the study once they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were recruited by means of word of mouth as well as with the use of advertisements that were placed around the respective campuses of the University of Johannesburg. Thirty participants were randomly assigned into one of two groups, each consisting of 15 participants. Group A received only dry needling to the upper trapezius muscle TP1 or TP2 whereas group B received dry needling to the upper trapezius muscle TP1 or TP2, moist heat, active ROM exercises and passive stretching of the upper trapezius muscles. Participants were treated for a total of 6 visits. Subjective and objective measurements were done at visits 1, 4 and a final visit 7 during which only measurements were taken.
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- Authors: Moorcroft, Vanessa
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Dry needling therapy , Acupuncture
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/374641 , uj:7454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8314
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is presently considered to be the leading diagnosis amongst pain management physicians and the leading diagnosis amongst pain sufferers reporting to general practitioners (Harden, Bruehl, Gass, Niemiec & Barbick, 2000). The goal of dry needling and the other above mentioned soft tissue treatments is to alleviate the MTrP’s in the muscle, thereby restoring the muscle to its normal tissue mobility and returning it to proper functional capacity (Travell & Simons, 1999). A post-needling protocol may be used to reduce post-needling soreness at the needling site, to facilitate tissue repair after needling and to normalise muscle function and ROM after needling (Travell & Simons, 1999). The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of dry needling on its own and in combination with a widely prescribed post-needling protocol of heat, active range of motion (ROM) exercises and passive stretches, with regards to changes in pressure pain threshold, pain and cervical spine ranges of motion, to determine which the superior treatment is. Participants who went to the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic were eligible to participate in the study once they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were recruited by means of word of mouth as well as with the use of advertisements that were placed around the respective campuses of the University of Johannesburg. Thirty participants were randomly assigned into one of two groups, each consisting of 15 participants. Group A received only dry needling to the upper trapezius muscle TP1 or TP2 whereas group B received dry needling to the upper trapezius muscle TP1 or TP2, moist heat, active ROM exercises and passive stretching of the upper trapezius muscles. Participants were treated for a total of 6 visits. Subjective and objective measurements were done at visits 1, 4 and a final visit 7 during which only measurements were taken.
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Low-level laser therapy versus myofascial dry needling of vastus lateralis myofascial trigger points
- Authors: Rautenbach, Gerrit
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Lasers - Therapeutic use , Acupuncture , Quadriceps muscle
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/390228 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268604 , uj:28515
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: PURPOSE: Myofascial pain syndrome is a common cause of discomfort and disability worldwide with various forms of literature to substantiate it. Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition that is characterised by the presence of myofascial trigger points. These trigger points often refer pain to different areas of the body. Pain associated with myofascial trigger points can present as an acute or chronic pain. This pain is often felt at a site distal from the origin of the trigger point and can be associated with many visceral and systemic conditions. This association between trigger points and other conditions often lead to misdiagnosis; for example, knee pain experienced over the patella or pain radiating distal on the lateral aspect of the calf. The purpose of this study was to determine whether myofascial dry needling or low-level laser therapy was superior in the treatment of myofascial trigger points of the vastus lateralis muscle. The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of myofascial dry needling versus low level-laser therapy in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in the vastus lateralis muscle. DESIGN: A total of 30 participants participated in the research study and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 participants each. Group A received myofascial dry needling on active vastus lateralis muscle trigger points. Group B received low-level laser therapy on active vastus lateralis muscle trigger points. A total of six treatments sessions were required over a two-week period with a seventh measurement only session. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective data was collected by using the numerical pain-rating scale. Objective data was collected by using a hand-held pressure algometer on active vastus lateralis muscle trigger points. Data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOMES: With regards to the subjective data readings, the results from the numerical pain-rating scale from the intragroup analysis, indicated that both groups improved over the treatment period, with neither group showing a statistically significant improvement over the other. The intergroup analysis showed no statistical significant difference between groups and showed that neither group was superior. With regards to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that both treatment modalities are equally effective. There was no statistically significant difference with intergroup analysis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results showed that both myofascial dry needling and low-level laser therapy are equally effective in the treatment of myofascial trigger points of the vastus lateralis muscle...
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Low-level laser therapy versus myofascial dry needling of vastus lateralis myofascial trigger points
- Authors: Rautenbach, Gerrit
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Lasers - Therapeutic use , Acupuncture , Quadriceps muscle
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/390228 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268604 , uj:28515
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: PURPOSE: Myofascial pain syndrome is a common cause of discomfort and disability worldwide with various forms of literature to substantiate it. Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition that is characterised by the presence of myofascial trigger points. These trigger points often refer pain to different areas of the body. Pain associated with myofascial trigger points can present as an acute or chronic pain. This pain is often felt at a site distal from the origin of the trigger point and can be associated with many visceral and systemic conditions. This association between trigger points and other conditions often lead to misdiagnosis; for example, knee pain experienced over the patella or pain radiating distal on the lateral aspect of the calf. The purpose of this study was to determine whether myofascial dry needling or low-level laser therapy was superior in the treatment of myofascial trigger points of the vastus lateralis muscle. The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of myofascial dry needling versus low level-laser therapy in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in the vastus lateralis muscle. DESIGN: A total of 30 participants participated in the research study and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 participants each. Group A received myofascial dry needling on active vastus lateralis muscle trigger points. Group B received low-level laser therapy on active vastus lateralis muscle trigger points. A total of six treatments sessions were required over a two-week period with a seventh measurement only session. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective data was collected by using the numerical pain-rating scale. Objective data was collected by using a hand-held pressure algometer on active vastus lateralis muscle trigger points. Data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOMES: With regards to the subjective data readings, the results from the numerical pain-rating scale from the intragroup analysis, indicated that both groups improved over the treatment period, with neither group showing a statistically significant improvement over the other. The intergroup analysis showed no statistical significant difference between groups and showed that neither group was superior. With regards to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that both treatment modalities are equally effective. There was no statistically significant difference with intergroup analysis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results showed that both myofascial dry needling and low-level laser therapy are equally effective in the treatment of myofascial trigger points of the vastus lateralis muscle...
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Electromyography and dynamometry testing of the biceps brachii muscle pre and post dry needling of latent myofascial trigger points
- Authors: Naude, Renette
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Acupuncture , Biceps brachii muscle
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2303 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4762
- Description: M. Tech. , OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore whether dry needle therapy delivered to latent myofascial trigger points of the biceps brachii muscle had an immediate effect on muscle activity and strength . DESIGN: One hundred participants with latent myofascial trigger points of the biceps brachii muscle and who were suitable for the study were drawn from the community. They were al located in to either a controlor treatment group so that each group contained fifty participants . The control and treatment group were divided in such a way to ensure that the two groups were comparable with one another un terms of age and gender. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was completed by each participant to ensure that the two groups were also comparable with one another in terms of the total amount of physical activity performed per week. The results of this study were statistically analysed by STATKON at the University of Johannesburg.
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- Authors: Naude, Renette
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Acupuncture , Biceps brachii muscle
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2303 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4762
- Description: M. Tech. , OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore whether dry needle therapy delivered to latent myofascial trigger points of the biceps brachii muscle had an immediate effect on muscle activity and strength . DESIGN: One hundred participants with latent myofascial trigger points of the biceps brachii muscle and who were suitable for the study were drawn from the community. They were al located in to either a controlor treatment group so that each group contained fifty participants . The control and treatment group were divided in such a way to ensure that the two groups were comparable with one another un terms of age and gender. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was completed by each participant to ensure that the two groups were also comparable with one another in terms of the total amount of physical activity performed per week. The results of this study were statistically analysed by STATKON at the University of Johannesburg.
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The effect of Kinesio tape® on post dry needling soreness in the treatment of trapezius trigger point one
- Authors: Maruggi, Marco
- Date: 2014-04-23
- Subjects: Kinesio® taping , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Trapezius muscle , Acupuncture , Pain - Treatment , Bandages and bandaging
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10842 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10349
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Myofascial Pain Syndrome, is a common source of frustration for both healthcare practitioners and patients. It is the second most common reason for patients visiting their health care practitioner and constitutes up to 85% of the reasons for visits to pain clinics (Han and Harrison, 1997). As muscle pain is the most common work-related injury (Hubbard, 1998), it costs billions of dollars in lost revenue every year due to lost productivity (Fricton, 1990). Hong (1994), states that dry needling has been extensively studied and has been shown to decrease or even abolish myofascial pain. However post dry needling soreness is a common side effect of dry needling. Stuart (2010), states that applying kinesio tape® to a musculoskeletal injury during rehabilitation could result in a quicker recovery by allowing the body to biomechanically heal itself. Garcia-Mura et al (2009), results suggest that kinesio tape® is a method highly appropriate in the treatment of myofascial trigger points by normalising muscular function, increasing lymphatic and vascular flow, diminishing pain and aid in the correction of possible articular malalignment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects that kinesio tape® has on the trapezius trigger point one post needling, to determine whether there is an increase in the therapeutic effect of dry needling and an increased recovery time of the myofascial trigger points, with regards to changes in pressure pain threshold, pain and cervical range of motion. Participants for this study were recruited either by an advertisement which was placed on the information board of the Chiropractic Day Clinic at the University of Johannesburg as well as advertisements placed in and around the University of Johannesburg at the Doornfontein Campus. Also, many participants were made aware of this study via word of mouth from candidates already involved in the study. Thirty participants were randomly assigned into one of two groups, each consisting of 15 participants. Group A received dry needling of the trapezius trigger point one followed by the application of kinesio tape® whereas group B received dry needing of trapezius trigger point one only. Participants were treated 5 times with objective and subjective measurements taken at the 1st, 3rd and 5th visits. Objective measurements consisted of readings taken with an algometer and cervical range of motion (CROM) device. The subjective measurements consisted of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Vernon Mior Neck Disability Index. The results of the study showed clinically and statistical significant improvements for both groups in regards to alleviating pain subjectively (Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index), increasing pressure pain threshold objectively (Algometer) and increasing range of motion objectively (Cervical Range of Motion device). However group A (dry needing and kinesio tape®) showed a greater improvement in both subjective and objective measurements. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that both dry needling on its own as well as applying kinesio tape® post dry needling can be effective in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle, however applying kinesio tape® post dry needling seemed to be more effective.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Maruggi, Marco
- Date: 2014-04-23
- Subjects: Kinesio® taping , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Trapezius muscle , Acupuncture , Pain - Treatment , Bandages and bandaging
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10842 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10349
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Myofascial Pain Syndrome, is a common source of frustration for both healthcare practitioners and patients. It is the second most common reason for patients visiting their health care practitioner and constitutes up to 85% of the reasons for visits to pain clinics (Han and Harrison, 1997). As muscle pain is the most common work-related injury (Hubbard, 1998), it costs billions of dollars in lost revenue every year due to lost productivity (Fricton, 1990). Hong (1994), states that dry needling has been extensively studied and has been shown to decrease or even abolish myofascial pain. However post dry needling soreness is a common side effect of dry needling. Stuart (2010), states that applying kinesio tape® to a musculoskeletal injury during rehabilitation could result in a quicker recovery by allowing the body to biomechanically heal itself. Garcia-Mura et al (2009), results suggest that kinesio tape® is a method highly appropriate in the treatment of myofascial trigger points by normalising muscular function, increasing lymphatic and vascular flow, diminishing pain and aid in the correction of possible articular malalignment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects that kinesio tape® has on the trapezius trigger point one post needling, to determine whether there is an increase in the therapeutic effect of dry needling and an increased recovery time of the myofascial trigger points, with regards to changes in pressure pain threshold, pain and cervical range of motion. Participants for this study were recruited either by an advertisement which was placed on the information board of the Chiropractic Day Clinic at the University of Johannesburg as well as advertisements placed in and around the University of Johannesburg at the Doornfontein Campus. Also, many participants were made aware of this study via word of mouth from candidates already involved in the study. Thirty participants were randomly assigned into one of two groups, each consisting of 15 participants. Group A received dry needling of the trapezius trigger point one followed by the application of kinesio tape® whereas group B received dry needing of trapezius trigger point one only. Participants were treated 5 times with objective and subjective measurements taken at the 1st, 3rd and 5th visits. Objective measurements consisted of readings taken with an algometer and cervical range of motion (CROM) device. The subjective measurements consisted of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Vernon Mior Neck Disability Index. The results of the study showed clinically and statistical significant improvements for both groups in regards to alleviating pain subjectively (Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index), increasing pressure pain threshold objectively (Algometer) and increasing range of motion objectively (Cervical Range of Motion device). However group A (dry needing and kinesio tape®) showed a greater improvement in both subjective and objective measurements. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that both dry needling on its own as well as applying kinesio tape® post dry needling can be effective in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle, however applying kinesio tape® post dry needling seemed to be more effective.
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The effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy and instrument assisted fascial release in the treatment of chronic mechanical lower back pain
- Authors: Plakotaris, Athena
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58579 , uj:16465
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Plakotaris, Athena
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58579 , uj:16465
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
A comparative study between low level laser therapy and myofascial dry needling on active gluteus medius trigger points
- Authors: Van Heerden, Marili
- Date: 2014-10-13
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Gluteus medius , Acupuncture , Lasers - Therapeutic use
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/384427 , uj:12581 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12371
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Myofascial trigger points (MTrP’s) cause acute discomfort to intense pain and often lead to the use of pain medication as well as loss of man hours (Simons, Travell and Simons, 1999a; Tough, White, Cummings, Richards and Campbell, 2009). Dry needling is very effective and is widely used for the treatment of MTrP’s (Vulfsons, Ratmansky and Kalichman, 2012), but comes with various significant drawbacks, such as the experience of pain during or after treatment (post-needling soreness) or individuals with needle phobias (Unruh, Strong and Wright, 2002). More serious risks also exist, including damage to the viscera (Dommerholt and Fernández-de-las-Peñas, 2013). Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a non-invasive technique and very little discomfort or pain is experienced by the patient during and after treatment. LLLT is effective in the short- and long-term relief of trigger points and myofascial pain syndrome. Therefore it can easily serve as an alternative to myofacial dry needling (Chow and Barnsley, 2005). This study aimed to determine whether LLLT or myofascial dry needling is more effective in the treatment of active MTrP’s, specifically those of the gluteus medius muscle. It also aimed to determine if LLLT could serve as an alternative treatment to dry needling in cases where dry needling is contraindicated or not desired. Thirty participants who complied with the inclusion criteria were divided into one of two groups. Group 1 (n=15) received dosages of LLLT directly to the active MTrP’s in the gluteus medius muscle and Group 2 (n=15) received myofascial dry needling to active MTrP’s in the gluteus medius muscle. Each participant attended 6 treatment sessions over a course of 2 weeks as well as a 7th measurements-only session.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Heerden, Marili
- Date: 2014-10-13
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Gluteus medius , Acupuncture , Lasers - Therapeutic use
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/384427 , uj:12581 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12371
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Myofascial trigger points (MTrP’s) cause acute discomfort to intense pain and often lead to the use of pain medication as well as loss of man hours (Simons, Travell and Simons, 1999a; Tough, White, Cummings, Richards and Campbell, 2009). Dry needling is very effective and is widely used for the treatment of MTrP’s (Vulfsons, Ratmansky and Kalichman, 2012), but comes with various significant drawbacks, such as the experience of pain during or after treatment (post-needling soreness) or individuals with needle phobias (Unruh, Strong and Wright, 2002). More serious risks also exist, including damage to the viscera (Dommerholt and Fernández-de-las-Peñas, 2013). Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a non-invasive technique and very little discomfort or pain is experienced by the patient during and after treatment. LLLT is effective in the short- and long-term relief of trigger points and myofascial pain syndrome. Therefore it can easily serve as an alternative to myofacial dry needling (Chow and Barnsley, 2005). This study aimed to determine whether LLLT or myofascial dry needling is more effective in the treatment of active MTrP’s, specifically those of the gluteus medius muscle. It also aimed to determine if LLLT could serve as an alternative treatment to dry needling in cases where dry needling is contraindicated or not desired. Thirty participants who complied with the inclusion criteria were divided into one of two groups. Group 1 (n=15) received dosages of LLLT directly to the active MTrP’s in the gluteus medius muscle and Group 2 (n=15) received myofascial dry needling to active MTrP’s in the gluteus medius muscle. Each participant attended 6 treatment sessions over a course of 2 weeks as well as a 7th measurements-only session.
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Cervical spine manipulation and muscle energy technique in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial pain
- Authors: Ferreira, Vicki
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Stretch (Physiology) , Spinal adjustment , Trapezius muscle
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231366 , uj:23571
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of muscle energy technique (MET) to chiropractic manipulations and a combination thereof with regards to pain, disability and range of motion of the cervical spine in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial and associated neck pain. This was done by comparing MET, chiropractic manipulation and combination treatment groups. Short term and long term effects were measured to determine an appropriate treatment protocol for upper trapezius and associated neck pain. Method: Forty five (45) participants, between the ages of 18 and 55, with non-specific neck and muscle pain were invited to participate in the study. Once the cervical spine examination was performed and all the inclusion criteria were met with none of the exclusion criteria present, they were included in the study and randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A received a chiropractic manipulation to the cervical spine, Group B received MET to the upper trapezius muscle and Group C received a combination treatment. Each participant was treated a total of six times over a two week period. The seventh visit served the purpose of obtaining the final measurements. The data was always collected before the treatment was administered. The objective data consisted of measuring the range of motion of the cervical spine with a CROM instrument as well as measuring the pain pressure threshold with a pressure algometer. The subjective data was collected using the Vernon-Mior neck pain and disability index. The objective data was gathered on the first, fourth and seventh visits and the subjective data on the first and seventh visits. Results: The results were interpreted by STATKON at the University of Johannesburg. All three groups improved significantly in the subjective and objective measurements over the two week trial period with regards to pain, disability and cervical range of motion. This indicated that all three treatment interventions were effective in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial pain. These results also indicated that Group C (combination treatment of MET and chiropractic manipulation) was statistically superior to Group A (chiropractic manipulation) and Group B (MET) when cervical range of motion was considered as a whole. There was no statistical superiority between the three treatment groups with regards to pain pressure threshold values obtained, even though Group B reported a greater improvement over time. With regards to the subjective measurements, all three groups were equally effective in reducing the patient’s perceived pain and disability. Conclusion: The results of this study show that chiropractic manipulation, MET and a combination of chiropractic manipulation and MET are effective treatments in reducing pain and disability and have the ability to restore proper mechanical function by increasing cervical spine range of motion. There was no treatment protocol that was proven to be more effective than the other. Since a combination treatment of...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ferreira, Vicki
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Stretch (Physiology) , Spinal adjustment , Trapezius muscle
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231366 , uj:23571
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of muscle energy technique (MET) to chiropractic manipulations and a combination thereof with regards to pain, disability and range of motion of the cervical spine in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial and associated neck pain. This was done by comparing MET, chiropractic manipulation and combination treatment groups. Short term and long term effects were measured to determine an appropriate treatment protocol for upper trapezius and associated neck pain. Method: Forty five (45) participants, between the ages of 18 and 55, with non-specific neck and muscle pain were invited to participate in the study. Once the cervical spine examination was performed and all the inclusion criteria were met with none of the exclusion criteria present, they were included in the study and randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A received a chiropractic manipulation to the cervical spine, Group B received MET to the upper trapezius muscle and Group C received a combination treatment. Each participant was treated a total of six times over a two week period. The seventh visit served the purpose of obtaining the final measurements. The data was always collected before the treatment was administered. The objective data consisted of measuring the range of motion of the cervical spine with a CROM instrument as well as measuring the pain pressure threshold with a pressure algometer. The subjective data was collected using the Vernon-Mior neck pain and disability index. The objective data was gathered on the first, fourth and seventh visits and the subjective data on the first and seventh visits. Results: The results were interpreted by STATKON at the University of Johannesburg. All three groups improved significantly in the subjective and objective measurements over the two week trial period with regards to pain, disability and cervical range of motion. This indicated that all three treatment interventions were effective in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial pain. These results also indicated that Group C (combination treatment of MET and chiropractic manipulation) was statistically superior to Group A (chiropractic manipulation) and Group B (MET) when cervical range of motion was considered as a whole. There was no statistical superiority between the three treatment groups with regards to pain pressure threshold values obtained, even though Group B reported a greater improvement over time. With regards to the subjective measurements, all three groups were equally effective in reducing the patient’s perceived pain and disability. Conclusion: The results of this study show that chiropractic manipulation, MET and a combination of chiropractic manipulation and MET are effective treatments in reducing pain and disability and have the ability to restore proper mechanical function by increasing cervical spine range of motion. There was no treatment protocol that was proven to be more effective than the other. Since a combination treatment of...
- Full Text:
The effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy and therapeutic elastic taping in the treatment of rhomboid trigger points
- Authors: Ngobeni, Phetheka Ina
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Acutaping , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226629 , uj:22921
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim was to determine whether a combination of chiropractic manipulation and therapeutic elastic taping in the management of rhomboid trigger points would yield an improved outcome, as opposed to the application of either therapy exclusively. Methodology:The study comprised of three groups of ten participants who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were placed randomly into the three groups. The 30 participants included 11 males and 19 females, who were between the ages of 18 - 40, who had active rhomboid trigger points. The first group of participants received chiropractic manipulation only, the second group received therapeutic elastic taping only and the third group received a combination of therapeutic elastic taping and chiropractic manipulation. Participants were seen for seven consultations, that is twice a week for three weeks and the seventh consult was for data collection only. Subjective data was collected in the form of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) which measured the pain intensity. Objective data was collected using a Pressure Algometer, on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Procedure: The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality.Non-parametric methods were used to analyse the subjective and objective data, intra-group analysis Friedman and the Wilcoxon-signed rank tests were used to detect significant changes within each group and where these changes occurred. Inter-group analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-wallis test, which allowed comparison between the three groups. Results:With regards to the NPRS, in the Friedman test, all three groups had a p -value of 0.000 which indicates that each of the three groups had statistically significant changes in the NPRS scores over time. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was able to detect differences between the first and fourth consultation and between the fourth and seventh consultations as well as between the seventh and first consultation. This test showed a significant difference of p≤0.05 between the first and fourth consultations as well as between the first and the seventh consultations. The inter-group analyses revealed p>0.05 which indicated that the was no significant difference between the three groups For the pressure algometer data collected, all three groups had p=0.00 with regards to Friedman’s test meaning that individually all three groups had statistically significant improvements over time. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed that there were significant differences between the first and fourth consultations as well as between the first and seventh consultations as the p value was p≤0.05. Comparison between the groups showed that all three group had similar results over time as the p value was p>0.05...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ngobeni, Phetheka Ina
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Acutaping , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226629 , uj:22921
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim was to determine whether a combination of chiropractic manipulation and therapeutic elastic taping in the management of rhomboid trigger points would yield an improved outcome, as opposed to the application of either therapy exclusively. Methodology:The study comprised of three groups of ten participants who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were placed randomly into the three groups. The 30 participants included 11 males and 19 females, who were between the ages of 18 - 40, who had active rhomboid trigger points. The first group of participants received chiropractic manipulation only, the second group received therapeutic elastic taping only and the third group received a combination of therapeutic elastic taping and chiropractic manipulation. Participants were seen for seven consultations, that is twice a week for three weeks and the seventh consult was for data collection only. Subjective data was collected in the form of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) which measured the pain intensity. Objective data was collected using a Pressure Algometer, on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Procedure: The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality.Non-parametric methods were used to analyse the subjective and objective data, intra-group analysis Friedman and the Wilcoxon-signed rank tests were used to detect significant changes within each group and where these changes occurred. Inter-group analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-wallis test, which allowed comparison between the three groups. Results:With regards to the NPRS, in the Friedman test, all three groups had a p -value of 0.000 which indicates that each of the three groups had statistically significant changes in the NPRS scores over time. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was able to detect differences between the first and fourth consultation and between the fourth and seventh consultations as well as between the seventh and first consultation. This test showed a significant difference of p≤0.05 between the first and fourth consultations as well as between the first and the seventh consultations. The inter-group analyses revealed p>0.05 which indicated that the was no significant difference between the three groups For the pressure algometer data collected, all three groups had p=0.00 with regards to Friedman’s test meaning that individually all three groups had statistically significant improvements over time. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed that there were significant differences between the first and fourth consultations as well as between the first and seventh consultations as the p value was p≤0.05. Comparison between the groups showed that all three group had similar results over time as the p value was p>0.05...
- Full Text:
Ischaemic compression compared to dry needling of trapezius myofascial trigger point 1
- Authors: Khorasani, Fatemeh
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Ischemia , Trapezius muscle , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292948 , uj:31844
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: Myofascial pain syndrome is one of the leading causes of chronic pain and imposes large financial costs to society. Myofascial trigger points are closely associated with the clinical manifestation of myofascial pain syndrome. Myofascial trigger points may be active or latent in presentation and may produce characteristic symptoms in terms of pain presentation. The constant use of computers to perform daily tasks has contributed to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Bad posture while working with a computer leads to rounded shoulders and forward head position which potentially leads to the formation of the spasm-pain-spasm cycle, which, due to the decreased blood and oxygen supply and nutrients to the muscle, eventually leads to the formation of myofascial trigger points. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of ischaemic compression and dry needling applied individually to an active myofascial trigger point of the upper trapezius muscle (TP1) with regards to pain, disability, and cervical spinal range of motion. Method: This study consisted of two groups, the ischaemic compression group with fifteen participants and dry needling group with fifteen participants. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years of age. Prior to becoming a participant of this study, individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a clinical case history, physical examination, cervical spine regional examination and upper trapezius muscle palpation to assess for an active trapezius myofascial trigger point 1 only, from which the subjective and objective results were based. Procedure: Each group‟s participants were treated six times over a period of three weeks. The participants were measured using pressure algometer and cervical range of motion devices (CROM) for objective measurements and they completed Vernon-Mior Neck pain and disability index (VMNPDI) and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for subjective measurements. Ischaemic compression and dry needling, group 1 and group 2 respectively, then each received treatment of active trapezius myofacial trigger point 1, for... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Khorasani, Fatemeh
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Ischemia , Trapezius muscle , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292948 , uj:31844
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: Myofascial pain syndrome is one of the leading causes of chronic pain and imposes large financial costs to society. Myofascial trigger points are closely associated with the clinical manifestation of myofascial pain syndrome. Myofascial trigger points may be active or latent in presentation and may produce characteristic symptoms in terms of pain presentation. The constant use of computers to perform daily tasks has contributed to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Bad posture while working with a computer leads to rounded shoulders and forward head position which potentially leads to the formation of the spasm-pain-spasm cycle, which, due to the decreased blood and oxygen supply and nutrients to the muscle, eventually leads to the formation of myofascial trigger points. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of ischaemic compression and dry needling applied individually to an active myofascial trigger point of the upper trapezius muscle (TP1) with regards to pain, disability, and cervical spinal range of motion. Method: This study consisted of two groups, the ischaemic compression group with fifteen participants and dry needling group with fifteen participants. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years of age. Prior to becoming a participant of this study, individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a clinical case history, physical examination, cervical spine regional examination and upper trapezius muscle palpation to assess for an active trapezius myofascial trigger point 1 only, from which the subjective and objective results were based. Procedure: Each group‟s participants were treated six times over a period of three weeks. The participants were measured using pressure algometer and cervical range of motion devices (CROM) for objective measurements and they completed Vernon-Mior Neck pain and disability index (VMNPDI) and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for subjective measurements. Ischaemic compression and dry needling, group 1 and group 2 respectively, then each received treatment of active trapezius myofacial trigger point 1, for... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
A comparison between ultrasound therapy and dry needling in the treatment of active trapezius myofascial trigger points
- Authors: De Klerk, Anika
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Trapezius muscle , Acupuncture , Ultrasonics in medicine
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12571 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12362
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Myofascial pain syndrome has become a significant cause of chronic pain and disability in today‟s society. Conditions causing chronic pain can not only cause disability due to pain, but can also lead to other problems such as psychological and behavioural disturbances. Physical deconditioning can also occur due to lack of exercise because of myofascial pain (Rachlin, 1994). The aim of this study was to compare dry needling therapy and ultrasound therapy in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in order to demonstrate any superiority between the two modalities. Participants for this study were recruited by word of mouth and advertisements that were placed around the University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus. Thirty people participated in the trial, all of whom conformed to the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were randomly placed into two groups. Group A received dry needling therapy, namely the fanning technique, and Group B received ultrasound therapy. Participants in Group A received one treatment per week for four weeks and subjective and objective measurements were taken at each visit. Participants in Group B received two treatments per week for three weeks and measurements were taken at visits one, three, five and seven. Subjective data was obtained through the use of the Visual Analogue Pain Scale, which measured the perception of pain of the participants. Objective data was obtained from pressure algometer readings, which measured pain pressure thresholds of participants, and through the Cervical Range Of Motion (CROM) device. The results of this study indicated that dry needling therapy and ultrasound therapy both significantly benefited participants in terms of the treatment of active myofascial trigger points. Based on the final results, both dry needling therapy and ultrasound therapy are equally effective modalities in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points, with neither modality showing superiority over the other.
- Full Text:
- Authors: De Klerk, Anika
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Trapezius muscle , Acupuncture , Ultrasonics in medicine
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12571 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12362
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Myofascial pain syndrome has become a significant cause of chronic pain and disability in today‟s society. Conditions causing chronic pain can not only cause disability due to pain, but can also lead to other problems such as psychological and behavioural disturbances. Physical deconditioning can also occur due to lack of exercise because of myofascial pain (Rachlin, 1994). The aim of this study was to compare dry needling therapy and ultrasound therapy in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in order to demonstrate any superiority between the two modalities. Participants for this study were recruited by word of mouth and advertisements that were placed around the University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus. Thirty people participated in the trial, all of whom conformed to the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were randomly placed into two groups. Group A received dry needling therapy, namely the fanning technique, and Group B received ultrasound therapy. Participants in Group A received one treatment per week for four weeks and subjective and objective measurements were taken at each visit. Participants in Group B received two treatments per week for three weeks and measurements were taken at visits one, three, five and seven. Subjective data was obtained through the use of the Visual Analogue Pain Scale, which measured the perception of pain of the participants. Objective data was obtained from pressure algometer readings, which measured pain pressure thresholds of participants, and through the Cervical Range Of Motion (CROM) device. The results of this study indicated that dry needling therapy and ultrasound therapy both significantly benefited participants in terms of the treatment of active myofascial trigger points. Based on the final results, both dry needling therapy and ultrasound therapy are equally effective modalities in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points, with neither modality showing superiority over the other.
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Dry needling versus cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling in the treatment of subscapularis myofascial trigger points
- Authors: Oosthuizen, Nicole
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Scapula , Cervical vertebrae , Acupuncture , Spinal adjustment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226509 , uj:22903
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: PURPOSE: Shoulder pain is one of the most common disorders that patients present with in practice. The most common cause of shoulder pain is a musculoskeletal problem that is chronic and recurrent. It is considered to be the main contributor towards non-traumatic upper limb pain. One of the identifiable causes of shoulder pain is myofascial pain syndrome which is caused by myofascial trigger points and produces symptoms similar to other shoulder pain syndromes. The subscapularis muscle is the largest of the rotator cuff muscles and is subjected to a large amount of biomechanical strain as well as neuromuscular tension. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treating shoulder pain with either dry needling the subscapularis muscle or with a combination treatment of dry needling the subscapularis muscle as well as cervical spine manipulations in order to determine which of the two treatment protocols are more effective. METHODS: This study was a comparative study consisting forty participants between the ages of 18 and 40 years old with shoulder pain that were divided into 2 groups. Prior to becoming a participant in this study, individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A Numerical Pain Rating Scale, clinical case history, full physical examination, cervical spine regional, shoulder regional and pressure algometer readings were completed. The method for treatment for each participant was determined by random group allocation. Group 1 received dry needling of the subscapularis muscle and group 2 received a combination treatment of subscapularis muscle dry needling and cervical spine manipulations. Subjective and objective readings were based on the above mentioned treatments. All participants received six treatments over a period of three weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer. The data was collected on the initial, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With the subjective readings, the intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale for the both treatment groups showed improvement. Group 1 had a 92.44% improvement and group 2 had a 93.18% improvement. No statistically significant...
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- Authors: Oosthuizen, Nicole
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Scapula , Cervical vertebrae , Acupuncture , Spinal adjustment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226509 , uj:22903
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: PURPOSE: Shoulder pain is one of the most common disorders that patients present with in practice. The most common cause of shoulder pain is a musculoskeletal problem that is chronic and recurrent. It is considered to be the main contributor towards non-traumatic upper limb pain. One of the identifiable causes of shoulder pain is myofascial pain syndrome which is caused by myofascial trigger points and produces symptoms similar to other shoulder pain syndromes. The subscapularis muscle is the largest of the rotator cuff muscles and is subjected to a large amount of biomechanical strain as well as neuromuscular tension. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treating shoulder pain with either dry needling the subscapularis muscle or with a combination treatment of dry needling the subscapularis muscle as well as cervical spine manipulations in order to determine which of the two treatment protocols are more effective. METHODS: This study was a comparative study consisting forty participants between the ages of 18 and 40 years old with shoulder pain that were divided into 2 groups. Prior to becoming a participant in this study, individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A Numerical Pain Rating Scale, clinical case history, full physical examination, cervical spine regional, shoulder regional and pressure algometer readings were completed. The method for treatment for each participant was determined by random group allocation. Group 1 received dry needling of the subscapularis muscle and group 2 received a combination treatment of subscapularis muscle dry needling and cervical spine manipulations. Subjective and objective readings were based on the above mentioned treatments. All participants received six treatments over a period of three weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer. The data was collected on the initial, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With the subjective readings, the intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale for the both treatment groups showed improvement. Group 1 had a 92.44% improvement and group 2 had a 93.18% improvement. No statistically significant...
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The effectiveness of integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique in the treatment of gluteus medius myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome
- Authors: Ramsunder, Leah
- Date: 2014-05-14
- Subjects: Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11088 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10661
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two different treatment methods for myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome of the Gluteus Medius muscle. This was done in order to determine whether or not a combined treatment of the integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique (INIT) and sacroiliacjoint (SU) adjustive therapy was more effective than the INIT applied in isolation, in the treatment of the Gluteus Medius myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome (OMMPDS). Participants were recruited using advertisement posters placed throughout the University of Johannesburg Doomfontcin Campus and were treated at the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. Thirty participants, between the ages of eighteen and fifty years, who were suffering from lower back pain and presented with Gluteus Medius rnyofascial trigger points (Trl's) and an SIJ dysfunction were selected for the study. They wcre randomly assigned into one of two groups, consisting of fifteen subjects each. as they entered into thestudy. Group one received the INIT to the affected Gluteus Medius muscle. Group two received a combination of the INIT to the affected Gluteus Medius muscle and an SIJ adjustment. Patients attended four sessions over a period ofeight days and were treated on all of these sessions. Subjective and objective data were recorded on all sessions. Subjective data was recorded using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective data was recorded using the Universal Goniometer, to measure hip ranges of motion of the affected Gluteus Medius muscle, and the Wagner Pressure Algometer to measure pain-pressure threshold of the affected Gluteus Medius muscle Trl's, All of the data were statistically analyzed using Repeated Measures and Independent t-Tcsts, P-values were calculated to determine the statistical significance of the datu. The results of the study indicate that both treatment methods nrc effective in treating GMMPDS. However a combined treatment approach of INIT and SIJ adjustive therapy was more effective in achieving a greater therapeutic response compared to INIT alone.
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- Authors: Ramsunder, Leah
- Date: 2014-05-14
- Subjects: Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11088 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10661
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two different treatment methods for myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome of the Gluteus Medius muscle. This was done in order to determine whether or not a combined treatment of the integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique (INIT) and sacroiliacjoint (SU) adjustive therapy was more effective than the INIT applied in isolation, in the treatment of the Gluteus Medius myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome (OMMPDS). Participants were recruited using advertisement posters placed throughout the University of Johannesburg Doomfontcin Campus and were treated at the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. Thirty participants, between the ages of eighteen and fifty years, who were suffering from lower back pain and presented with Gluteus Medius rnyofascial trigger points (Trl's) and an SIJ dysfunction were selected for the study. They wcre randomly assigned into one of two groups, consisting of fifteen subjects each. as they entered into thestudy. Group one received the INIT to the affected Gluteus Medius muscle. Group two received a combination of the INIT to the affected Gluteus Medius muscle and an SIJ adjustment. Patients attended four sessions over a period ofeight days and were treated on all of these sessions. Subjective and objective data were recorded on all sessions. Subjective data was recorded using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective data was recorded using the Universal Goniometer, to measure hip ranges of motion of the affected Gluteus Medius muscle, and the Wagner Pressure Algometer to measure pain-pressure threshold of the affected Gluteus Medius muscle Trl's, All of the data were statistically analyzed using Repeated Measures and Independent t-Tcsts, P-values were calculated to determine the statistical significance of the datu. The results of the study indicate that both treatment methods nrc effective in treating GMMPDS. However a combined treatment approach of INIT and SIJ adjustive therapy was more effective in achieving a greater therapeutic response compared to INIT alone.
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Spinal manipulative therapy versus laser therapy and a combination thereof in the treatment of active rhomboid trigger points
- Authors: Van Der Merwe, Megan Alida
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Lasers - Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268635 , uj:28519
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of thoracic spinal manipulative therapy, laser therapy of the rhomboid trigger points and the combination thereof in the treatment of active rhomboid trigger points. This study would then help identify the most effective treatment protocol for active rhomboid trigger points. Method: A sample of thirty participants was used, individuals comprised of males and females between the ages of 18 and 50 years that presented with inter-scapular pain with the presence of active rhomboid trigger points and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was divided into three groups: each group consisted of ten randomly allocated participants. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy, group 2 received laser therapy, and group 3 received a combination treatment including spinal manipulative therapy and laser therapy. Procedure: There were a total of seven visits. Participants received a total of six treatments over a three week period. Participants received the same treatment at each visit according to their group allocation made at the initial visit. Subjective readings which included the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale, as well as objective data that included Pressure algometer readings were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric testing. For the intragroup analysis the Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was performed and for intergroup analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference for...
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- Authors: Van Der Merwe, Megan Alida
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Lasers - Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268635 , uj:28519
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of thoracic spinal manipulative therapy, laser therapy of the rhomboid trigger points and the combination thereof in the treatment of active rhomboid trigger points. This study would then help identify the most effective treatment protocol for active rhomboid trigger points. Method: A sample of thirty participants was used, individuals comprised of males and females between the ages of 18 and 50 years that presented with inter-scapular pain with the presence of active rhomboid trigger points and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was divided into three groups: each group consisted of ten randomly allocated participants. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy, group 2 received laser therapy, and group 3 received a combination treatment including spinal manipulative therapy and laser therapy. Procedure: There were a total of seven visits. Participants received a total of six treatments over a three week period. Participants received the same treatment at each visit according to their group allocation made at the initial visit. Subjective readings which included the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale, as well as objective data that included Pressure algometer readings were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric testing. For the intragroup analysis the Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was performed and for intergroup analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference for...
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The effectiveness of radial shockwave therapy and spinal manipulative therapy on gluteus medius trigger points
- Authors: Swart, Owen Simon
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Electrotherapeutics , Gluteus medius , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226623 , uj:22918
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: PURPOSE: Myofascial pain syndrome is a common cause of discomfort and disability worldwide with various forms of literature to substantiate it. Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition that is characterised by the presence of myofascial trigger points. These trigger points often refer pain to different areas of the body. Active gluteus medius trigger points for instance may refer pain to lower back and has frequently been misdiagnosed as non-specific lower back pain. Numerous treatment protocols have been applied by specialists and therapist to reduce the pain created by these trigger points and results show indifferent evidence and efficacy. Radial shockwave therapy is an alternative modality that is used to treat a variety of different musculoskeletal conditions. It is a non-invasive treatment and ideal for musculoskeletal conditions that have failed to respond to other conservative treatment protocols. The purpose of the study was to identify the effectiveness of radial shockwave therapy in combination with spinal manipulation on active gluteus trigger points and non-specific lower back pain. DESIGN: A total of forty participants were utilised for the research study and were randomly divided into two groups of twenty participants each. Group 1 received radial shockwave therapy on gluteus medius trigger points and spinal manipulative therapy on L4-S1 levels. Group 2 received detuned ultrasound on gluteus medius trigger points and spinal manipulative therapy on L4-S1 levels. A total of six treatment sessions were required over a three-week period MEASUREMENTS: Subjective data was collected by using a Visual Analogue Scale. Objective data was collected by using a hand-held pressure algometer on active gluteus medius trigger points. Data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOMES: With regards to the subjective data readings, the results from the Visual Analogue scale from the intragroup analysis indicated that both groups improved over the treatment period, the radial shockwave group showed the greatest improvement (64,35%). The radial shockwave group and the detuned ultrasound groups yielded p-values of 0.00 and 0.00 respectively. The intergroup analysis showed a statistical significant difference...
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- Authors: Swart, Owen Simon
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Electrotherapeutics , Gluteus medius , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226623 , uj:22918
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: PURPOSE: Myofascial pain syndrome is a common cause of discomfort and disability worldwide with various forms of literature to substantiate it. Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition that is characterised by the presence of myofascial trigger points. These trigger points often refer pain to different areas of the body. Active gluteus medius trigger points for instance may refer pain to lower back and has frequently been misdiagnosed as non-specific lower back pain. Numerous treatment protocols have been applied by specialists and therapist to reduce the pain created by these trigger points and results show indifferent evidence and efficacy. Radial shockwave therapy is an alternative modality that is used to treat a variety of different musculoskeletal conditions. It is a non-invasive treatment and ideal for musculoskeletal conditions that have failed to respond to other conservative treatment protocols. The purpose of the study was to identify the effectiveness of radial shockwave therapy in combination with spinal manipulation on active gluteus trigger points and non-specific lower back pain. DESIGN: A total of forty participants were utilised for the research study and were randomly divided into two groups of twenty participants each. Group 1 received radial shockwave therapy on gluteus medius trigger points and spinal manipulative therapy on L4-S1 levels. Group 2 received detuned ultrasound on gluteus medius trigger points and spinal manipulative therapy on L4-S1 levels. A total of six treatment sessions were required over a three-week period MEASUREMENTS: Subjective data was collected by using a Visual Analogue Scale. Objective data was collected by using a hand-held pressure algometer on active gluteus medius trigger points. Data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOMES: With regards to the subjective data readings, the results from the Visual Analogue scale from the intragroup analysis indicated that both groups improved over the treatment period, the radial shockwave group showed the greatest improvement (64,35%). The radial shockwave group and the detuned ultrasound groups yielded p-values of 0.00 and 0.00 respectively. The intergroup analysis showed a statistical significant difference...
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The effectiveness of chiropractic adjustments with ischemic compression or ultrasound on active levator scapulae trigger points in physically active people
- Authors: Bosch, Leonie
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Ultrasonics in medicine , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Acupressure
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12572 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12363
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of treating the active levator scapulae trigger point (TP1) with either chiropractic adjustments combined with ischemic compression or chiropractic adjustments combined with ultrasound therapy in physically active people in order to determine which of the two treatment protocols was superior.This study was a comparative study consisting of two groups of fifteen participants each. Participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five and there was an equal male to female ratio. Prior to becoming a participant in this study individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a clinical case history, full physical examination, a cervical regional examination and examination of the levator scapulae muscle for an active central trigger point (TP1) were completed. The method of treatment for each participant was determined by random group allocation. Group 1 received cervical spine chiropractic adjustments combined with ischemic compression to the active levator scapulae trigger point. Group 2 received cervical spine chiropractic adjustments combined with ultrasound therapy to the active levator scapulae trigger point. Subjective and objective readings were based on the above treatment protocols.Treatment consisted of seven consultation sessions over a three week period. There were six treatment visits with the seventh visit used only for data collection. There were two treatments each week with at least two days in between visits. The third week consisted of three visits with the last visit used only for data collection. Subjective data was collected from the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective data was collected from the pressure algometer readings. Subjective and objective data was collected before treatment on the first and fourth visits and on the seventh final data collection visit. Analysis of the data collected was done by a statistician. The chiropractic adjustments used were based on motion palpation findings on the treatment visits and re-assessed on each visit.Clinically significant improvements regarding neck pain and disability and trigger point severity were seen in both Group 1 and Group 2 over the three week period. Group 2 showed greater improvements in all subjective and objective readings over the three weeks compared to Group 1.
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- Authors: Bosch, Leonie
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Ultrasonics in medicine , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Acupressure
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12572 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12363
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of treating the active levator scapulae trigger point (TP1) with either chiropractic adjustments combined with ischemic compression or chiropractic adjustments combined with ultrasound therapy in physically active people in order to determine which of the two treatment protocols was superior.This study was a comparative study consisting of two groups of fifteen participants each. Participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five and there was an equal male to female ratio. Prior to becoming a participant in this study individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a clinical case history, full physical examination, a cervical regional examination and examination of the levator scapulae muscle for an active central trigger point (TP1) were completed. The method of treatment for each participant was determined by random group allocation. Group 1 received cervical spine chiropractic adjustments combined with ischemic compression to the active levator scapulae trigger point. Group 2 received cervical spine chiropractic adjustments combined with ultrasound therapy to the active levator scapulae trigger point. Subjective and objective readings were based on the above treatment protocols.Treatment consisted of seven consultation sessions over a three week period. There were six treatment visits with the seventh visit used only for data collection. There were two treatments each week with at least two days in between visits. The third week consisted of three visits with the last visit used only for data collection. Subjective data was collected from the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective data was collected from the pressure algometer readings. Subjective and objective data was collected before treatment on the first and fourth visits and on the seventh final data collection visit. Analysis of the data collected was done by a statistician. The chiropractic adjustments used were based on motion palpation findings on the treatment visits and re-assessed on each visit.Clinically significant improvements regarding neck pain and disability and trigger point severity were seen in both Group 1 and Group 2 over the three week period. Group 2 showed greater improvements in all subjective and objective readings over the three weeks compared to Group 1.
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The effectiveness of treatment at pain threshold versus pain tolerance using ischaemic compression
- Authors: Ismail, Fatima
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Acupressure , Pain
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12366
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , There is research to show that ischaemic compression is very effective in the treatment of myofascial trigger points (MFTP’s). It is less invasive when compared to other treatment methods such as dry needling however; according to Gulick (2010) there is a lack of randomised controlled studies with regard to standard ischaemic compression treatment protocols. This includes the appropriate amount of pressure, duration of compression or frequency of treatment (Gulick, 2010). This study was conducted in order to determine whether ischaemic compression that is applied at pain threshold would have a similar effect when compared to ischaemic compression at pain tolerance in the treatment of active rhomboid major and minor myofascial trigger points, using a hand held algometer. This study was specifically undertaken to provide more information regarding the most effective method of ischaemic compression with regard to the amount of pressure that is most suitable during treatment. The results of this study could potentially improve patient comfort and reduce pain during treatment by showing that treatment at pain threshold may be as effective as conventional ischaemic compression at pain tolerance. It was hypothesized that ischaemic compression applied at pain threshold may have a similar effect as application at pain tolerance by having a positive outcome on the subjective and objective findings in patients with active myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid major and minor muscles. Participants were recruited into the study by word of mouth as well as with the use of advertisements that were placed around the University of Johannesburg Doornfontein campus and clinic. Thirty participants that conformed to the specified limitations and diagnostic criteria were accepted to partake in this study. The participants were then placed in a random and stratified manner into two groups of 15, based on age and gender. Group A received ischaemic compression of the rhomboid major and minor muscles at pain threshold while Group B received ischaemic compression of the same muscles at pain tolerance. Ischaemic compression was administered over a 30 second duration. Each participant received 2 treatments a week for 3 weeks while a 7th and final visit served only for measurement taking.
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- Authors: Ismail, Fatima
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Acupressure , Pain
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12366
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , There is research to show that ischaemic compression is very effective in the treatment of myofascial trigger points (MFTP’s). It is less invasive when compared to other treatment methods such as dry needling however; according to Gulick (2010) there is a lack of randomised controlled studies with regard to standard ischaemic compression treatment protocols. This includes the appropriate amount of pressure, duration of compression or frequency of treatment (Gulick, 2010). This study was conducted in order to determine whether ischaemic compression that is applied at pain threshold would have a similar effect when compared to ischaemic compression at pain tolerance in the treatment of active rhomboid major and minor myofascial trigger points, using a hand held algometer. This study was specifically undertaken to provide more information regarding the most effective method of ischaemic compression with regard to the amount of pressure that is most suitable during treatment. The results of this study could potentially improve patient comfort and reduce pain during treatment by showing that treatment at pain threshold may be as effective as conventional ischaemic compression at pain tolerance. It was hypothesized that ischaemic compression applied at pain threshold may have a similar effect as application at pain tolerance by having a positive outcome on the subjective and objective findings in patients with active myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid major and minor muscles. Participants were recruited into the study by word of mouth as well as with the use of advertisements that were placed around the University of Johannesburg Doornfontein campus and clinic. Thirty participants that conformed to the specified limitations and diagnostic criteria were accepted to partake in this study. The participants were then placed in a random and stratified manner into two groups of 15, based on age and gender. Group A received ischaemic compression of the rhomboid major and minor muscles at pain threshold while Group B received ischaemic compression of the same muscles at pain tolerance. Ischaemic compression was administered over a 30 second duration. Each participant received 2 treatments a week for 3 weeks while a 7th and final visit served only for measurement taking.
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