Die uitwerking van nuwe munisipale wetgewing op menslike hulpbronpraktyke by 'n middel grootte plaaslike bestuur in Mpumalanga
- Authors: Van Zyl, W.S.
- Date: 2012-08-13
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation - South Africa , Industrial relations - South Africa , Personnel management - South Africa , Local government - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9111 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5569
- Description: M.Phil. , Na die nasionale munisipale verkiesings staan nuwe plaaslike munisipaliteite voor die grootste uitdaging ooit ten opsigte van dienslewering aan die gemeenskappe wat hulle bedien (Business Day, 2000, 12 Julie). Daar word berig dat slegs 20% van huishoudings in die Suid Afrikaanse samelewing het nie toegang tot skoon drinkwater en basiese sanitasie dienste het nie. Meer as 30% huishoudings het nie elektrisiteit nie en ongeveer 40% beskik nie oor vullisverwyderingsdienste nie (Business Day, 2000, 12 Julie). Van die huishoudings wat wel dienste ontvang, betaal 68% hulle munisipale rekenings stiptelik terwyl 1,4 miljoen huishoudings hulle huur en dienste gelde nie gereeld betaal nie. (Sake Beeld, 2000, 4 Julie). Gevolglik gaan plaaslike owerhede gebuk onder geweldige finansiele nood. Ongeveer 151 van die 843 munisipaliteite van Suid Afrika is in 'n krisis situasie terwyl byna die helfte van hulle finansiele probleme het. (Beeld, 1999, 22 Julie). Daar is selfs plaaslike owerhede wat pensioenfonds-, werkloosheidsversekering- en belastingbydraes gebruik om te betaal vir operasionele kostes. (Beeld, 2000, 27 Maart). Die Munisipale Afbakeningsraad het die aantal munisipaliteite in Suid Afrika verminder van 843 tot 232. In Mpumalanga alleen is die bestaande 55 munisipaliteite verminder na 25, 'n vermindering van ongeveer 50%. (Beeld, 1999, 16 November). Slegs 3 munisipaliteite in Mpumalanga funksioneer behoorlik terwyl 12 in 'n kritieke toestand is (Provinsiale Beeld, 1999, 25 November). Nader aan die tuisfront het die munisipale funksies van Ogies in duie gestort as gevolg van gebrek aan bekwaamheid van personeel. Ongeveer 20% van die inwoners betaal vir munisipale dienste (Provinsiale Beeld, 1999, 26 Julie). Die samevoeging van munisipaliteite behoort Iewensvatbaar in die hand te werk.
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- Authors: Van Zyl, W.S.
- Date: 2012-08-13
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation - South Africa , Industrial relations - South Africa , Personnel management - South Africa , Local government - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9111 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5569
- Description: M.Phil. , Na die nasionale munisipale verkiesings staan nuwe plaaslike munisipaliteite voor die grootste uitdaging ooit ten opsigte van dienslewering aan die gemeenskappe wat hulle bedien (Business Day, 2000, 12 Julie). Daar word berig dat slegs 20% van huishoudings in die Suid Afrikaanse samelewing het nie toegang tot skoon drinkwater en basiese sanitasie dienste het nie. Meer as 30% huishoudings het nie elektrisiteit nie en ongeveer 40% beskik nie oor vullisverwyderingsdienste nie (Business Day, 2000, 12 Julie). Van die huishoudings wat wel dienste ontvang, betaal 68% hulle munisipale rekenings stiptelik terwyl 1,4 miljoen huishoudings hulle huur en dienste gelde nie gereeld betaal nie. (Sake Beeld, 2000, 4 Julie). Gevolglik gaan plaaslike owerhede gebuk onder geweldige finansiele nood. Ongeveer 151 van die 843 munisipaliteite van Suid Afrika is in 'n krisis situasie terwyl byna die helfte van hulle finansiele probleme het. (Beeld, 1999, 22 Julie). Daar is selfs plaaslike owerhede wat pensioenfonds-, werkloosheidsversekering- en belastingbydraes gebruik om te betaal vir operasionele kostes. (Beeld, 2000, 27 Maart). Die Munisipale Afbakeningsraad het die aantal munisipaliteite in Suid Afrika verminder van 843 tot 232. In Mpumalanga alleen is die bestaande 55 munisipaliteite verminder na 25, 'n vermindering van ongeveer 50%. (Beeld, 1999, 16 November). Slegs 3 munisipaliteite in Mpumalanga funksioneer behoorlik terwyl 12 in 'n kritieke toestand is (Provinsiale Beeld, 1999, 25 November). Nader aan die tuisfront het die munisipale funksies van Ogies in duie gestort as gevolg van gebrek aan bekwaamheid van personeel. Ongeveer 20% van die inwoners betaal vir munisipale dienste (Provinsiale Beeld, 1999, 26 Julie). Die samevoeging van munisipaliteite behoort Iewensvatbaar in die hand te werk.
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Energy capital, productive capital and economic growth : a crossmunicipality granger causality analysis
- Authors: Chiviya, Kudzai
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Electric power distribution - South Africa , Electric power distribution - Economic aspects - South Africa , South Africa. Electricity Supply Commission , Electric power failures - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Eskom (Firm) , Power resources - South Africa , Economic development - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271851 , uj:28921
- Description: M.Com. (Local Economic Development) , Abstract: In 2008 South Africa experienced a period of constrained electricity supply, which led to wide-spread blackouts. In order to deal with these electricity capacity constraints, there has since been a shift in focus in the country with significant investment in this sector. Most studies in the energy-economic growth nexus have focused on the economic effects of energy use. There is a body of literature that has looked at infrastructure investment and economic growth, but does not treat energy investment as a particular kind. We argue that it is not only energy consumption that matters for economic growth, but the investment it its production as well. Investors might carefully watch energy capacity development in order to make their investment decisions in other economic sectors, which make investment in energy a possible trigger of capital formation in other sectors and subsequent economic growth. With this hypothesis, our paper investigates the causal relationship between investments in energy and capital formation in other sectors of the economy on one hand, and the causal relations to economic growth on the other. We use annual data for 228 South African municipalities from 1993 to 2015. The paper uses the newly developed heterogeneous panel Granger causality methodology, which improves the traditional causality approaches in accounting for heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel data. Traditional approaches were developed under the assumption of homogeneity in slope, intercept or both, and the independence of panel units. Our findings are therefore more robust to heterogeneity issues and account for individual differences between municipalities. Another difference between this paper and the majority of academic work is our shift in focus from a national level to a local/municipal level. Our findings suggest that there is an overall bidirectional causal relationship between investments in energy, capital formation in other sectors of the economy, and economic growth. This finding highlights the potential that investments in energy have to trigger capital formation in other sectors and promote economic growth. Such findings will have significant local economic development implications in terms of the role of energy capital in attracting capital in other sectors, with broader implications for economic growth in view of job creation and poverty reduction.
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- Authors: Chiviya, Kudzai
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Electric power distribution - South Africa , Electric power distribution - Economic aspects - South Africa , South Africa. Electricity Supply Commission , Electric power failures - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Eskom (Firm) , Power resources - South Africa , Economic development - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271851 , uj:28921
- Description: M.Com. (Local Economic Development) , Abstract: In 2008 South Africa experienced a period of constrained electricity supply, which led to wide-spread blackouts. In order to deal with these electricity capacity constraints, there has since been a shift in focus in the country with significant investment in this sector. Most studies in the energy-economic growth nexus have focused on the economic effects of energy use. There is a body of literature that has looked at infrastructure investment and economic growth, but does not treat energy investment as a particular kind. We argue that it is not only energy consumption that matters for economic growth, but the investment it its production as well. Investors might carefully watch energy capacity development in order to make their investment decisions in other economic sectors, which make investment in energy a possible trigger of capital formation in other sectors and subsequent economic growth. With this hypothesis, our paper investigates the causal relationship between investments in energy and capital formation in other sectors of the economy on one hand, and the causal relations to economic growth on the other. We use annual data for 228 South African municipalities from 1993 to 2015. The paper uses the newly developed heterogeneous panel Granger causality methodology, which improves the traditional causality approaches in accounting for heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel data. Traditional approaches were developed under the assumption of homogeneity in slope, intercept or both, and the independence of panel units. Our findings are therefore more robust to heterogeneity issues and account for individual differences between municipalities. Another difference between this paper and the majority of academic work is our shift in focus from a national level to a local/municipal level. Our findings suggest that there is an overall bidirectional causal relationship between investments in energy, capital formation in other sectors of the economy, and economic growth. This finding highlights the potential that investments in energy have to trigger capital formation in other sectors and promote economic growth. Such findings will have significant local economic development implications in terms of the role of energy capital in attracting capital in other sectors, with broader implications for economic growth in view of job creation and poverty reduction.
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Estimating total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector across municipalities in South Africa
- Authors: Maitisa, Tumiso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Manufacturing industries - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Industrial productivity - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/414837 , uj:35003
- Description: Abstract: This study estimates total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector in South Africa across municipalities and empirically examines its main determinants. The study used growth-accounting techniques to determine values of total factor productivity as the residual. Furthermore, the study uses the generated values of total factor productivity to examine its determinants and assess whether heterogeneity exists across South African municipalities. The growth-accounting model shows that the average level of total factor productivity is higher in the metros, followed by that in secondary cities and in local municipalities. Moreover, the results show that growth in total factor productivity is one of the most essential factors of gross value added growth in the manufacturing sector. Overall, the average total factor productivity score for South Africa over the period 1993 to 2016 is 6.52. Fixed-effects techniques are used and the following factors were found to be determinants of higher total factor productivity levels: access to electricity and water, trade openness, secondary education, post-secondary education and population density. On the other hand, human immunodeficiency virus rate and specialisation were found to have a negative impact on total factor productivity. The magnitude of the coefficients of both secondary and post-secondary education shows that all levels of education are the most important determinant of total factor productivity. Based on the fact that total factor productivity differs across municipalities, and that the identified key macroeconomic variables identified in this study affect total factor productivity differently across municipalities, economic policy makers at the municipal level need to take cognisance of the need for policy to vary according to the economic profile and specificities of individual municipalities. Also, from a policy-making perspective, measures targeting the previously mentioned determinants should prioritise both secondary and post-secondary education. , M.Com. (Development Economics)
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- Authors: Maitisa, Tumiso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Manufacturing industries - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Industrial productivity - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/414837 , uj:35003
- Description: Abstract: This study estimates total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector in South Africa across municipalities and empirically examines its main determinants. The study used growth-accounting techniques to determine values of total factor productivity as the residual. Furthermore, the study uses the generated values of total factor productivity to examine its determinants and assess whether heterogeneity exists across South African municipalities. The growth-accounting model shows that the average level of total factor productivity is higher in the metros, followed by that in secondary cities and in local municipalities. Moreover, the results show that growth in total factor productivity is one of the most essential factors of gross value added growth in the manufacturing sector. Overall, the average total factor productivity score for South Africa over the period 1993 to 2016 is 6.52. Fixed-effects techniques are used and the following factors were found to be determinants of higher total factor productivity levels: access to electricity and water, trade openness, secondary education, post-secondary education and population density. On the other hand, human immunodeficiency virus rate and specialisation were found to have a negative impact on total factor productivity. The magnitude of the coefficients of both secondary and post-secondary education shows that all levels of education are the most important determinant of total factor productivity. Based on the fact that total factor productivity differs across municipalities, and that the identified key macroeconomic variables identified in this study affect total factor productivity differently across municipalities, economic policy makers at the municipal level need to take cognisance of the need for policy to vary according to the economic profile and specificities of individual municipalities. Also, from a policy-making perspective, measures targeting the previously mentioned determinants should prioritise both secondary and post-secondary education. , M.Com. (Development Economics)
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From lip-service to service delivery in local economic development : guidelines to set up an agency for action
- Authors: Venter, Marius
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Economic development - South Africa , Local government - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Service delivery
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5490 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13611
- Description: The Constitution of South Africa imposes a burden on municipalities to engage in local economic development. Municipal local economic development practitioners are often in doubt regarding the various mechanisms available to them to implement local economic development. This article provides insight into the processes and issues surrounding the use of an external mechanism (a private company owned by the municipality) as a local economic development agency. The lessons learnt from the Overstrand Local Economic Development Agency are compared with findings of an international study of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on 16 local economic development agencies. The article provides guidelines to local economic development practitioners to follow before, during and after the establishment of a local economic development agency.
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- Authors: Venter, Marius
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Economic development - South Africa , Local government - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Service delivery
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5490 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13611
- Description: The Constitution of South Africa imposes a burden on municipalities to engage in local economic development. Municipal local economic development practitioners are often in doubt regarding the various mechanisms available to them to implement local economic development. This article provides insight into the processes and issues surrounding the use of an external mechanism (a private company owned by the municipality) as a local economic development agency. The lessons learnt from the Overstrand Local Economic Development Agency are compared with findings of an international study of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on 16 local economic development agencies. The article provides guidelines to local economic development practitioners to follow before, during and after the establishment of a local economic development agency.
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Impact of governance principles in municipal government projects : a case study of metropolitan municipalities
- Authors: Mthembu, Ndumiso
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Project management , Municipal government - South Africa , Local government - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/269263 , uj:28604
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The aim of the research was to determine whether governance principles in municipal government projects can promote projects which optimally meet the triple constraints of cost, time and quality. This would be achieved by analysing the impact of the governance principles on these constraints. Two case studies were conducted in order to examine the following; whether governance principles are important to consider during project implementation, the extent of use or consideration of these governance principles and what impact these governance principles had on the triple constraints of the project, cost time and quality. Each case study consisted of two data collection methods namely: project documentation analysis and a structured research questionnaire. Findings obtained indicated that governance principles are important to consider during project implementation and the analysis done on the two cases further indicated that these principles have a significant impact on the constraints of a project with the quality constraint being the most impacted. The most significant finding was that the use of these governance principles was found to be inconsistent between the two projects due to lack of integration between the project management office and departments executing the projects. Furthermore, the findings indicated that although municipal projects almost always address community needs and aim to deliver a service, they fail to comply with trends of good corporate governance and this may lead to fruitless, wasteful, unauthorised and irregular expenditure. The research recommends an amendment on the current governance structure with improved integration between the project management office and project departments; this would ensure that governance is better integrated into the overall project spectrum whilst the consideration of governance would become more consistent across the whole organisation.
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- Authors: Mthembu, Ndumiso
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Project management , Municipal government - South Africa , Local government - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/269263 , uj:28604
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The aim of the research was to determine whether governance principles in municipal government projects can promote projects which optimally meet the triple constraints of cost, time and quality. This would be achieved by analysing the impact of the governance principles on these constraints. Two case studies were conducted in order to examine the following; whether governance principles are important to consider during project implementation, the extent of use or consideration of these governance principles and what impact these governance principles had on the triple constraints of the project, cost time and quality. Each case study consisted of two data collection methods namely: project documentation analysis and a structured research questionnaire. Findings obtained indicated that governance principles are important to consider during project implementation and the analysis done on the two cases further indicated that these principles have a significant impact on the constraints of a project with the quality constraint being the most impacted. The most significant finding was that the use of these governance principles was found to be inconsistent between the two projects due to lack of integration between the project management office and departments executing the projects. Furthermore, the findings indicated that although municipal projects almost always address community needs and aim to deliver a service, they fail to comply with trends of good corporate governance and this may lead to fruitless, wasteful, unauthorised and irregular expenditure. The research recommends an amendment on the current governance structure with improved integration between the project management office and project departments; this would ensure that governance is better integrated into the overall project spectrum whilst the consideration of governance would become more consistent across the whole organisation.
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The functioning of internal audit in category 'A' municipalities in South Africa
- Authors: Ackermann, Christo
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Auditing, Internal - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/54565 , uj:16239
- Description: Abstract: Internal audit functions around the world are faced with the challenge of assisting key stakeholders such as audit committees and senior management in discharging their responsibilities. Organisations face many risk, governance, control and compliance challenges and having proper functions in place to assist in managing these challenges is integral to the success of organisations. Internal audit functions are a critical component of the combined assurance model providing stakeholders with independent and objective assurance and consulting services on internal control, risk management and governance processes. It is therefore crucial that internal audit functions operate properly. The research problem was defined as follows: if internal audit functions are providing inadequate services to audit committees in the areas of internal control, risk management and governance, the ability of audit committees to perform their responsibilities effectively could be hampered. The research problem thus called for a study into the functioning of internal audit functions within the current framework of the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing and other related best practices. The research problem was explored through qualitative content analysis of annual reports and through questionnaires sent to audit committee members and chief audit executives of the eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. The three data sets were presented separately and triangulated. The study found that internal audit functions are crucial informants to audit committees in the areas of internal control, risk management, governance and compliance issues. In this regard, internal audit provides a broad scope of work which audit committees use to assist them in discharging their responsibilities. This is underpinned by the fact that internal audit is regarded as ethical, competent in its core technical areas and able to provide internal audit reports which are informative, persuasive and calling for action. However, overall competency is regarded as problematic by audit committee members. The study also found that internal audit’s true functioning is not reflected in annual reports and the opportunity thus exists to implement internal audit disclosure policies as this would contribute to transparency and accountability which, in turn,... , D.Phil. (Auditing)
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- Authors: Ackermann, Christo
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Auditing, Internal - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/54565 , uj:16239
- Description: Abstract: Internal audit functions around the world are faced with the challenge of assisting key stakeholders such as audit committees and senior management in discharging their responsibilities. Organisations face many risk, governance, control and compliance challenges and having proper functions in place to assist in managing these challenges is integral to the success of organisations. Internal audit functions are a critical component of the combined assurance model providing stakeholders with independent and objective assurance and consulting services on internal control, risk management and governance processes. It is therefore crucial that internal audit functions operate properly. The research problem was defined as follows: if internal audit functions are providing inadequate services to audit committees in the areas of internal control, risk management and governance, the ability of audit committees to perform their responsibilities effectively could be hampered. The research problem thus called for a study into the functioning of internal audit functions within the current framework of the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing and other related best practices. The research problem was explored through qualitative content analysis of annual reports and through questionnaires sent to audit committee members and chief audit executives of the eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. The three data sets were presented separately and triangulated. The study found that internal audit functions are crucial informants to audit committees in the areas of internal control, risk management, governance and compliance issues. In this regard, internal audit provides a broad scope of work which audit committees use to assist them in discharging their responsibilities. This is underpinned by the fact that internal audit is regarded as ethical, competent in its core technical areas and able to provide internal audit reports which are informative, persuasive and calling for action. However, overall competency is regarded as problematic by audit committee members. The study also found that internal audit’s true functioning is not reflected in annual reports and the opportunity thus exists to implement internal audit disclosure policies as this would contribute to transparency and accountability which, in turn,... , D.Phil. (Auditing)
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The variables influencing developmental local governance to promote sustainable communities and cities in South Africa
- De Wet, Martha Maria Marthina
- Authors: De Wet, Martha Maria Marthina
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sustainable development , Sustainable urban development , Local government - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Cities and towns - Growth
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/272071 , uj:28949
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. , Abstract: The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the nature and problems for developmental local governance to promote the sustainability of communities and cities in metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. Undeniably, urban governance has far-reaching consequences for local governance because urban population will continue to grow over time. Importantly, migration to urban areas can be expected to skyrocket as economies grow and cities provide more opportunities for the landless poor in the hope of finding employment. According to the National Development Plan (NDP) (National Planning Commission (NPC) 2012:260), “by 2030 South Africa should observe meaningful and measureable progress in reviving rural areas and in creating more functionally integrated, balanced and vibrant urban settlements”. The dual guiding research question of the thesis encapsulated the problem: What is the essence of the nature and challenges of good developmental urban local governance and how can innovative strategies promote the sustainable development of communities and cities in South Africa? The thesis provided a broad systematic conceptualization and contextualization of developmental and sustainable good local governance, urban resilience, new city governance and ‘smart cities’, the regulatory and institutional framework defining and regulating local governance and the theories and theoretical approaches underpinning developmental and sustainable local/urban governance. The emphasis of the thesis is placed on the functioning, problems, challenges and pressures of the sphere urban of local governance (within its constituent structures i.e. metropolitan municipalities) within given regulatory and structural parameters. This enquiry is premised on the view that in studying urban governance and implementation in general, and in South Africa in particular, specific factors, and structural and regulatory parameters have a profound effect on the sustainability of metros that should be taken into account. In the light of the above argument, the overarching perspective in which this study was grounded was that of a documentary and conceptual analysis using qualitative research techniques to explore and analyse the specific requirements that are set for the service delivery needs of the citizens in...
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- Authors: De Wet, Martha Maria Marthina
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sustainable development , Sustainable urban development , Local government - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Cities and towns - Growth
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/272071 , uj:28949
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. , Abstract: The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the nature and problems for developmental local governance to promote the sustainability of communities and cities in metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. Undeniably, urban governance has far-reaching consequences for local governance because urban population will continue to grow over time. Importantly, migration to urban areas can be expected to skyrocket as economies grow and cities provide more opportunities for the landless poor in the hope of finding employment. According to the National Development Plan (NDP) (National Planning Commission (NPC) 2012:260), “by 2030 South Africa should observe meaningful and measureable progress in reviving rural areas and in creating more functionally integrated, balanced and vibrant urban settlements”. The dual guiding research question of the thesis encapsulated the problem: What is the essence of the nature and challenges of good developmental urban local governance and how can innovative strategies promote the sustainable development of communities and cities in South Africa? The thesis provided a broad systematic conceptualization and contextualization of developmental and sustainable good local governance, urban resilience, new city governance and ‘smart cities’, the regulatory and institutional framework defining and regulating local governance and the theories and theoretical approaches underpinning developmental and sustainable local/urban governance. The emphasis of the thesis is placed on the functioning, problems, challenges and pressures of the sphere urban of local governance (within its constituent structures i.e. metropolitan municipalities) within given regulatory and structural parameters. This enquiry is premised on the view that in studying urban governance and implementation in general, and in South Africa in particular, specific factors, and structural and regulatory parameters have a profound effect on the sustainability of metros that should be taken into account. In the light of the above argument, the overarching perspective in which this study was grounded was that of a documentary and conceptual analysis using qualitative research techniques to explore and analyse the specific requirements that are set for the service delivery needs of the citizens in...
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