Continuity and change in the foreign policies of the Mbeki and Zuma governments
- Authors: Landsberg, Chris
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: South Africa - Foreign policy , Mbeki, Thabo , Zuma, Jacob , Mandela, Nelson
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6013 , ISSN 0256 2804 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9559
- Description: There is a commonly held view in foreign policy analysis circles that in the transition from the Mandela to the Mbeki government, continuity was the order of the day, while from Mbeki to Zuma it purportedly suggested change. Was this the case? We are interested in establishing whether Mbeki introduced important nuances, refinements and changes in foreign policy that might reveal some discontinuities, and whether the foreign policy directions and strategies of the Zuma presidency resembled a fundamental break from those pursued by Mbeki. In terms of the latter, the leadership tensions in the African National Congress (ANC) which brought about the Zuma presidency were said to be accompanied by changes in policy. Could it be that this rupture in the ruling ANC and the government was ironically characterised by policy continuities?
- Full Text:
- Authors: Landsberg, Chris
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: South Africa - Foreign policy , Mbeki, Thabo , Zuma, Jacob , Mandela, Nelson
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6013 , ISSN 0256 2804 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9559
- Description: There is a commonly held view in foreign policy analysis circles that in the transition from the Mandela to the Mbeki government, continuity was the order of the day, while from Mbeki to Zuma it purportedly suggested change. Was this the case? We are interested in establishing whether Mbeki introduced important nuances, refinements and changes in foreign policy that might reveal some discontinuities, and whether the foreign policy directions and strategies of the Zuma presidency resembled a fundamental break from those pursued by Mbeki. In terms of the latter, the leadership tensions in the African National Congress (ANC) which brought about the Zuma presidency were said to be accompanied by changes in policy. Could it be that this rupture in the ruling ANC and the government was ironically characterised by policy continuities?
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Reflections on the African Union after decade one : looking back in order to look forward
- Authors: Landsberg, Chris
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: African Union , Mbeki, Thabo , Organisation of African Unity
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6014 , ISSN 0256 2804 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9560
- Description: his special edition of Africa Insight focuses on the African Union (AU) after a decade since its inception. The idea is to cast a critical eye over the past 10 years of the AU, successor to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), who will itself in 2013 commemorate 50 years since its establishment in 1963. Writing in May 2012, one of the chief architects of the AU and of Africa’s post-Cold War Continental Order, former South African president Thabo Mbeki remarked in the form of two probing questions: As we celebrate the fi rst decade of both the AU and NEPAD, and prepare to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the OAU next year we must answer these questions honestly: ● What progress have we made towards the achievement of the objectives of the OAU, the AU and NEPAD? And, ● What shall we do in this regard?
- Full Text:
- Authors: Landsberg, Chris
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: African Union , Mbeki, Thabo , Organisation of African Unity
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6014 , ISSN 0256 2804 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9560
- Description: his special edition of Africa Insight focuses on the African Union (AU) after a decade since its inception. The idea is to cast a critical eye over the past 10 years of the AU, successor to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), who will itself in 2013 commemorate 50 years since its establishment in 1963. Writing in May 2012, one of the chief architects of the AU and of Africa’s post-Cold War Continental Order, former South African president Thabo Mbeki remarked in the form of two probing questions: As we celebrate the fi rst decade of both the AU and NEPAD, and prepare to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the OAU next year we must answer these questions honestly: ● What progress have we made towards the achievement of the objectives of the OAU, the AU and NEPAD? And, ● What shall we do in this regard?
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South Africa's national interests in Africa during the Mbeki years, 1999-2008
- Authors: Maimela, David M
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Mbeki, Thabo , South Africa. bPresident (1999-2008) : Mbeki) , South Africa - Foreign relations - Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/411616 , uj:34598
- Description: Abstract: The study seeks to understand South Africa’s national interest in Africa between 1999 and 2008, the Mbeki era. It is after all the years in which the African Agenda policy framework emerged and solidified. The thesis takes the policy framework of the ‘African Agenda’ and interrogates the nature, content and manifestation of South Africa’s national interest toward Africa. This is assessed through two primary questions: (1) how is the national interest manifested in South Africa’s foreign policy toward Africa (2), how does South Africa conduct its international relations with the African continent. The study has five key findings, namely; that in the period between 1999 and 2008, the pursuit of the African Agenda was the pursuit of South Africa’s national interest. Largely through practice, South Africa evolved a uniquely South African notion of the national interest at least in so far as Africa is concerned. Such a national interest was defined as and was constituted of following programmes: New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) (development), the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), regional integration and peace and security (peace diplomacy). Secondly, the pursuit South Africa’s conception and manifestation of the national interest straddles a number of theoretical traditions. As the study shows, at times, South Africa’s foreign policy towards Africa combines realism and constructivism, with some uniquely South African transformationalist tendencies. This means that South Africa takes a pragmatic as opposed to a deterministic or ideologically dogmatic approach towards to formulating the national interest. Thirdly, it finds that between 1999 and 2008, the Mbeki years, South Africa’s national interest adopted a responsible and progressive international relations posture emphasising individual country interests, in the context of the collective destiny of the African region. This means that South Africa saw its national interests as intertwined with the continental interests. South Africa’s foreign policy towards Africa combines realism and constructivism, with some uniquely South African transformationalist tendencies... , M.A. (Political Studies)
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- Authors: Maimela, David M
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Mbeki, Thabo , South Africa. bPresident (1999-2008) : Mbeki) , South Africa - Foreign relations - Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/411616 , uj:34598
- Description: Abstract: The study seeks to understand South Africa’s national interest in Africa between 1999 and 2008, the Mbeki era. It is after all the years in which the African Agenda policy framework emerged and solidified. The thesis takes the policy framework of the ‘African Agenda’ and interrogates the nature, content and manifestation of South Africa’s national interest toward Africa. This is assessed through two primary questions: (1) how is the national interest manifested in South Africa’s foreign policy toward Africa (2), how does South Africa conduct its international relations with the African continent. The study has five key findings, namely; that in the period between 1999 and 2008, the pursuit of the African Agenda was the pursuit of South Africa’s national interest. Largely through practice, South Africa evolved a uniquely South African notion of the national interest at least in so far as Africa is concerned. Such a national interest was defined as and was constituted of following programmes: New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) (development), the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), regional integration and peace and security (peace diplomacy). Secondly, the pursuit South Africa’s conception and manifestation of the national interest straddles a number of theoretical traditions. As the study shows, at times, South Africa’s foreign policy towards Africa combines realism and constructivism, with some uniquely South African transformationalist tendencies. This means that South Africa takes a pragmatic as opposed to a deterministic or ideologically dogmatic approach towards to formulating the national interest. Thirdly, it finds that between 1999 and 2008, the Mbeki years, South Africa’s national interest adopted a responsible and progressive international relations posture emphasising individual country interests, in the context of the collective destiny of the African region. This means that South Africa saw its national interests as intertwined with the continental interests. South Africa’s foreign policy towards Africa combines realism and constructivism, with some uniquely South African transformationalist tendencies... , M.A. (Political Studies)
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Thabo Mbeki’s African agenda : political leadership style and ideas for global reform
- Authors: Noor-Mahomed, Naseera
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Mbeki, Thabo , Leadership - Management , Psychology, Industrial
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124600 , uj:20936
- Description: Abstract: Mbeki was credited for having established institutions and programmes both domestically and abroad to assist in the development and growth of Africa. He also shared his vision of an African Renaissance and wanted the people of Africa to become independent thinkers, leaders and decision makers. Although Mbeki received international acclaim as the African champion and leader, he did not always receive such admiration domestically, as his political leadership style was often criticised for being too distant, aloof and technocratic (Glaser, 2010). This research sought to examine Thabo Mbeki’s ideas for global reform and to identify his political leadership style from June 1999 when he became president of the Republic of South Africa until September 2008 when he was recalled as president of the African National Party (ANC). In order to examine the research efficiently, five research objectives were included: i) to study Thabo Mbeki’s Pan-Africanist vision and ideas for global reform; ii) to develop a pragmatic understanding of how Thabo Mbeki navigated and implemented his African Agenda and ideas for global reform; iii) to identify Thabo Mbeki’s political leadership style; iv) to analyse the factors that influenced Thabo Mbeki’s political leadership style; v) to assess whether Thabo Mbeki’s political leadership style was effective. A qualitative research approach was employed. The research strategy included a single case study in the form of a life history. The study used a political life history of Thabo Mbeki, in-depth semi-structured interviews, as well as solicited documents and literature to collect and analyse data for exploration and insight into the inquiry. Content analysis was used as an analytical technique. The findings of the study were presented, analysed and synthesised according to the findings in the literature and the theoretical framework. The research revealed that Mbeki had ambitious ideas for global reform and had a strong Pan-Africanist vision, these ideals were informed by his parents and the thinking of his mentors: O.R. Tambo, Walter Sisulu and Duma Nokwe. The research also confirmed that Mbeki implemented and drove his idea for global reform through the establishment of... , M.Phil.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Noor-Mahomed, Naseera
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Mbeki, Thabo , Leadership - Management , Psychology, Industrial
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124600 , uj:20936
- Description: Abstract: Mbeki was credited for having established institutions and programmes both domestically and abroad to assist in the development and growth of Africa. He also shared his vision of an African Renaissance and wanted the people of Africa to become independent thinkers, leaders and decision makers. Although Mbeki received international acclaim as the African champion and leader, he did not always receive such admiration domestically, as his political leadership style was often criticised for being too distant, aloof and technocratic (Glaser, 2010). This research sought to examine Thabo Mbeki’s ideas for global reform and to identify his political leadership style from June 1999 when he became president of the Republic of South Africa until September 2008 when he was recalled as president of the African National Party (ANC). In order to examine the research efficiently, five research objectives were included: i) to study Thabo Mbeki’s Pan-Africanist vision and ideas for global reform; ii) to develop a pragmatic understanding of how Thabo Mbeki navigated and implemented his African Agenda and ideas for global reform; iii) to identify Thabo Mbeki’s political leadership style; iv) to analyse the factors that influenced Thabo Mbeki’s political leadership style; v) to assess whether Thabo Mbeki’s political leadership style was effective. A qualitative research approach was employed. The research strategy included a single case study in the form of a life history. The study used a political life history of Thabo Mbeki, in-depth semi-structured interviews, as well as solicited documents and literature to collect and analyse data for exploration and insight into the inquiry. Content analysis was used as an analytical technique. The findings of the study were presented, analysed and synthesised according to the findings in the literature and the theoretical framework. The research revealed that Mbeki had ambitious ideas for global reform and had a strong Pan-Africanist vision, these ideals were informed by his parents and the thinking of his mentors: O.R. Tambo, Walter Sisulu and Duma Nokwe. The research also confirmed that Mbeki implemented and drove his idea for global reform through the establishment of... , M.Phil.
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The Pan-African ideal under a new lens : the contributions of Thabo Mbeki of South Africa and Muammar Gaddafi of Libya 1994-2008
- Authors: Suhfree, Cletus Suh
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Pan Africanism , Mbeki, Thabo , South Africa - Politics and government, 1994- , Gaddafi, Muammar
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/411111 , uj:34534
- Description: Abstract: During the period when African countries struggled to gain independence, they embraced the ideology and philosophy of Pan-Africanism that would finally unite the continent as a single unit in the fight against Western imperialism. This struggle that began long before the 1950s can be considered as one of the most significant for people of colour worldwide. It became a time when the ‘black’ race worldwide united against a common enemy, system and policy; and perhaps the highest moment witnessed in history where Africans in the diaspora, like WEB DuBois and Africans on the continent, such as Kwame Nkrumah, achieved solidarity. Williams (2005: 174) iterates that the concept of Pan-Africanism is incomplete if it is not traced as far back as the times of slavery and colonialism where “brothers and sisters of the continent were stolen”. He goes on to highlight the critical role of African warriors like Yaa Asantewaa of the Gold Coast (today’s Ghana) and King Chaka of the Zulu of South Africa whose resistance against Western invasion of Africa was tantamount. When Pan-Africanism became the key hope for Africans, the United States of America (the New World) and the West Indies became the first to implement strategies towards liberating the black race from the bondage of slavery and colonialism. This dissertation concerns itself with 21st century Pan-Africanism, wherein it throws light on the continental political body, the African Union (AU) as well as examining the role played by two distinct ‘sons’ of the union and Pan-Africanist thought leaders in their own rights: Thabo Mbeki, former President of South Africa, and the late Libyan head of state Muammar Gaddafi. From 1994-2008, the dissertation examines their ideals and contributions towards emancipating the people of African descent across the world and on the continent of Africa from foreign control and domination. The study investigates if indeed Mbeki and Gaddafi contributed enough to earn the description of ‘the New Lens' of Pan-Africanism vis-à-vis defending the continent against foreign exploitation, control and domination. The reader is expected to grasp from the dissertation what new impetus Mbeki and Gaddafi caused drawing from the historical development of Pan-African activities which began as a mere concept in the London conference of 1900. One of the hosts at this conference was Henry Sylvester Williams of the West Indies. After London, Pan-Africanist movements eventually sprouted across the diaspora and Africa, particularly after World War I. The role of Du Bois ‘the Father of Pan-Africanism’ is discussed in this study. The study as well deliberates on the Pan-African Congresses and Conferences which paved the way for Pan-African ideals and philosophies among the black race globally. It examines the role of Africans like Nkrumah who became a leading African politician, nationalist and future leader by embracing Pan-Africanist ideals. Moreover, this study examines the Pan-African ideals and contributions of Mbeki and Gaddafi in detail. , M.A. (Politics and International Relations)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Suhfree, Cletus Suh
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Pan Africanism , Mbeki, Thabo , South Africa - Politics and government, 1994- , Gaddafi, Muammar
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/411111 , uj:34534
- Description: Abstract: During the period when African countries struggled to gain independence, they embraced the ideology and philosophy of Pan-Africanism that would finally unite the continent as a single unit in the fight against Western imperialism. This struggle that began long before the 1950s can be considered as one of the most significant for people of colour worldwide. It became a time when the ‘black’ race worldwide united against a common enemy, system and policy; and perhaps the highest moment witnessed in history where Africans in the diaspora, like WEB DuBois and Africans on the continent, such as Kwame Nkrumah, achieved solidarity. Williams (2005: 174) iterates that the concept of Pan-Africanism is incomplete if it is not traced as far back as the times of slavery and colonialism where “brothers and sisters of the continent were stolen”. He goes on to highlight the critical role of African warriors like Yaa Asantewaa of the Gold Coast (today’s Ghana) and King Chaka of the Zulu of South Africa whose resistance against Western invasion of Africa was tantamount. When Pan-Africanism became the key hope for Africans, the United States of America (the New World) and the West Indies became the first to implement strategies towards liberating the black race from the bondage of slavery and colonialism. This dissertation concerns itself with 21st century Pan-Africanism, wherein it throws light on the continental political body, the African Union (AU) as well as examining the role played by two distinct ‘sons’ of the union and Pan-Africanist thought leaders in their own rights: Thabo Mbeki, former President of South Africa, and the late Libyan head of state Muammar Gaddafi. From 1994-2008, the dissertation examines their ideals and contributions towards emancipating the people of African descent across the world and on the continent of Africa from foreign control and domination. The study investigates if indeed Mbeki and Gaddafi contributed enough to earn the description of ‘the New Lens' of Pan-Africanism vis-à-vis defending the continent against foreign exploitation, control and domination. The reader is expected to grasp from the dissertation what new impetus Mbeki and Gaddafi caused drawing from the historical development of Pan-African activities which began as a mere concept in the London conference of 1900. One of the hosts at this conference was Henry Sylvester Williams of the West Indies. After London, Pan-Africanist movements eventually sprouted across the diaspora and Africa, particularly after World War I. The role of Du Bois ‘the Father of Pan-Africanism’ is discussed in this study. The study as well deliberates on the Pan-African Congresses and Conferences which paved the way for Pan-African ideals and philosophies among the black race globally. It examines the role of Africans like Nkrumah who became a leading African politician, nationalist and future leader by embracing Pan-Africanist ideals. Moreover, this study examines the Pan-African ideals and contributions of Mbeki and Gaddafi in detail. , M.A. (Politics and International Relations)
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