The relationship between the exchange rate and the trade balance in South Africa
- Chiloane, Lebogang, Pretorius, Marinda, Botha, Ilsé
- Authors: Chiloane, Lebogang , Pretorius, Marinda , Botha, Ilsé
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: J-curve , Marshall–Lerner , Vector auto regression , Cointegration , Impulse response function , Foreign exchange rates - South Africa , Trade balance - South Africa , Manufacturing industries - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5530 , ISSN 19957076 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13941
- Description: The purpose of this paper is to test the existence of the J-curve effect and to show whether the Marshall–Lerner condition holds in the South African manufacturing sector. Using quarterly data from 1995 to 2010, the study uses the vector error correction modelling technique as well as impulse response functions to attain the research objectives. The results show that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists between the manufacturing trade balance and the three explanatory variables: real effective exchange rate, real domestic and foreign income levels. Overall, the results show that a depreciation in the domestic currency results in a deterioration in the manufacturing trade balance in the short run, and that this is followed by an improvement in the long run. The study finds evidence of the existence of the J-curve in the South African manufacturing sector. The long-run dynamics suggest that the Marshall–Lerner condition holds.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chiloane, Lebogang , Pretorius, Marinda , Botha, Ilsé
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: J-curve , Marshall–Lerner , Vector auto regression , Cointegration , Impulse response function , Foreign exchange rates - South Africa , Trade balance - South Africa , Manufacturing industries - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5530 , ISSN 19957076 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13941
- Description: The purpose of this paper is to test the existence of the J-curve effect and to show whether the Marshall–Lerner condition holds in the South African manufacturing sector. Using quarterly data from 1995 to 2010, the study uses the vector error correction modelling technique as well as impulse response functions to attain the research objectives. The results show that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists between the manufacturing trade balance and the three explanatory variables: real effective exchange rate, real domestic and foreign income levels. Overall, the results show that a depreciation in the domestic currency results in a deterioration in the manufacturing trade balance in the short run, and that this is followed by an improvement in the long run. The study finds evidence of the existence of the J-curve in the South African manufacturing sector. The long-run dynamics suggest that the Marshall–Lerner condition holds.
- Full Text:
Estimating total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector across municipalities in South Africa
- Authors: Maitisa, Tumiso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Manufacturing industries - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Industrial productivity - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/414837 , uj:35003
- Description: Abstract: This study estimates total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector in South Africa across municipalities and empirically examines its main determinants. The study used growth-accounting techniques to determine values of total factor productivity as the residual. Furthermore, the study uses the generated values of total factor productivity to examine its determinants and assess whether heterogeneity exists across South African municipalities. The growth-accounting model shows that the average level of total factor productivity is higher in the metros, followed by that in secondary cities and in local municipalities. Moreover, the results show that growth in total factor productivity is one of the most essential factors of gross value added growth in the manufacturing sector. Overall, the average total factor productivity score for South Africa over the period 1993 to 2016 is 6.52. Fixed-effects techniques are used and the following factors were found to be determinants of higher total factor productivity levels: access to electricity and water, trade openness, secondary education, post-secondary education and population density. On the other hand, human immunodeficiency virus rate and specialisation were found to have a negative impact on total factor productivity. The magnitude of the coefficients of both secondary and post-secondary education shows that all levels of education are the most important determinant of total factor productivity. Based on the fact that total factor productivity differs across municipalities, and that the identified key macroeconomic variables identified in this study affect total factor productivity differently across municipalities, economic policy makers at the municipal level need to take cognisance of the need for policy to vary according to the economic profile and specificities of individual municipalities. Also, from a policy-making perspective, measures targeting the previously mentioned determinants should prioritise both secondary and post-secondary education. , M.Com. (Development Economics)
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- Authors: Maitisa, Tumiso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Manufacturing industries - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Industrial productivity - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/414837 , uj:35003
- Description: Abstract: This study estimates total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector in South Africa across municipalities and empirically examines its main determinants. The study used growth-accounting techniques to determine values of total factor productivity as the residual. Furthermore, the study uses the generated values of total factor productivity to examine its determinants and assess whether heterogeneity exists across South African municipalities. The growth-accounting model shows that the average level of total factor productivity is higher in the metros, followed by that in secondary cities and in local municipalities. Moreover, the results show that growth in total factor productivity is one of the most essential factors of gross value added growth in the manufacturing sector. Overall, the average total factor productivity score for South Africa over the period 1993 to 2016 is 6.52. Fixed-effects techniques are used and the following factors were found to be determinants of higher total factor productivity levels: access to electricity and water, trade openness, secondary education, post-secondary education and population density. On the other hand, human immunodeficiency virus rate and specialisation were found to have a negative impact on total factor productivity. The magnitude of the coefficients of both secondary and post-secondary education shows that all levels of education are the most important determinant of total factor productivity. Based on the fact that total factor productivity differs across municipalities, and that the identified key macroeconomic variables identified in this study affect total factor productivity differently across municipalities, economic policy makers at the municipal level need to take cognisance of the need for policy to vary according to the economic profile and specificities of individual municipalities. Also, from a policy-making perspective, measures targeting the previously mentioned determinants should prioritise both secondary and post-secondary education. , M.Com. (Development Economics)
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Factors affecting the manufacturing sector in South Africa
- Authors: Koti, Frank Mfana
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Manufacturing industries - South Africa , Industrial productivity - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/424695 , uj:36329
- Description: Abstract: The manufacturing industry of South Africa is under-performing for a prolonged period of time. The decreasing attribute of the industry can be attributed on a number of factors. The research discusses the literature which highlights the past researches and what they have discussed regarding the same. The gap of the literature was presented with respect to the considered articles and a variety of pictorials and graphs were used by quantifying the information available. The research method is designed to engage the manufacturing sector with an intention of identifying factors contributing to the decline of the manufacturing sector in South Africa and thereby, identify strategies which can be used to improve the manufacturing sector. The research methodology discussed the way the data was collected and interpreted. This helped in formulating and structuring the research in a systematic manner. The data analysis was done on the basis of questionnaires which were framed and distributed among the various companies. On the basis of the problems identified; the section also provided an insight as to how to improve the current scenario and propel it towards a growing curve. The research concluded by discussing the results that were obtained for the study and some insights were also provided as further research can be done on the understanding of the current study. It was found that the sectors’ key challenges are inadequate skill, organisational culture, and uncertainity in government policies. But to overcome the identified challenges there should be a complete symbiotic relationship between the government of the nation, the manufacturing industry and the common masses in general. , M.Phil. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Koti, Frank Mfana
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Manufacturing industries - South Africa , Industrial productivity - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/424695 , uj:36329
- Description: Abstract: The manufacturing industry of South Africa is under-performing for a prolonged period of time. The decreasing attribute of the industry can be attributed on a number of factors. The research discusses the literature which highlights the past researches and what they have discussed regarding the same. The gap of the literature was presented with respect to the considered articles and a variety of pictorials and graphs were used by quantifying the information available. The research method is designed to engage the manufacturing sector with an intention of identifying factors contributing to the decline of the manufacturing sector in South Africa and thereby, identify strategies which can be used to improve the manufacturing sector. The research methodology discussed the way the data was collected and interpreted. This helped in formulating and structuring the research in a systematic manner. The data analysis was done on the basis of questionnaires which were framed and distributed among the various companies. On the basis of the problems identified; the section also provided an insight as to how to improve the current scenario and propel it towards a growing curve. The research concluded by discussing the results that were obtained for the study and some insights were also provided as further research can be done on the understanding of the current study. It was found that the sectors’ key challenges are inadequate skill, organisational culture, and uncertainity in government policies. But to overcome the identified challenges there should be a complete symbiotic relationship between the government of the nation, the manufacturing industry and the common masses in general. , M.Phil. (Engineering Management)
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The slow movement in the garment manufacturing industry of South Africa
- Authors: Jack, Siviwe Tolokazi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Manufacturing industries - South Africa , Clothing factories - Equipment and supplies , Clothing factories - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/411552 , uj:34590
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the possible application of slow fashion, as it is being applied in other parts of the world, to the South African garment manufacturing industry. Slow fashion presents an alternative model to the currently dominant fast fashion system, by designing, producing and consuming fashion and clothing that respects the earth and its inhabitants whilst encouraging economic growth and skills development within local communities. Existing literature suggests that slow fashion may be present in some sections of the South African garment manufacturing industry, however, only in a medium-to-small scale. It is unclear how their manufacturing processes reflect slow fashion. The value of this study lies in the potential for developing sustainability in the South African fashion industry. The study follows a qualitative approach to research and employs an intrinsic case study research design. The case study consists of four purposively selected participants owning their own local garment manufacturing companies and noting slow fashion concepts within their company descriptions. Using the data collected from the interview transcripts for qualitative content analysis, the participants’ manufacturing processes and approaches are located within the relevant line of reflection of the Three Pillars of Sustainability indicating slow fashion. The findings offer insights and rich descriptions of how local slow fashion garment manufacturers reflect slow fashion. Although the findings of the research are limited to a sample size of four participants, a holistic examination suggests several notable findings. Sustainable fashion in South Africa focuses on supporting the local economy, particularly the garment manufacturing sector, and ensuring ethical practices throughout the production value chain. It also emphasises interaction between the design, production, and the end of life of the product. Local slow fashion manufacturers aim to provide sustainable products that are durable in order to extend the product’s life and ultimately reduce overconsumption. Discussed emerging findings reveal several opportunities for the development of slow fashion in South Africa as well as further avenues of research for future research relating to slow fashion manufacturing. , M.A. (Design)
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- Authors: Jack, Siviwe Tolokazi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Manufacturing industries - South Africa , Clothing factories - Equipment and supplies , Clothing factories - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/411552 , uj:34590
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the possible application of slow fashion, as it is being applied in other parts of the world, to the South African garment manufacturing industry. Slow fashion presents an alternative model to the currently dominant fast fashion system, by designing, producing and consuming fashion and clothing that respects the earth and its inhabitants whilst encouraging economic growth and skills development within local communities. Existing literature suggests that slow fashion may be present in some sections of the South African garment manufacturing industry, however, only in a medium-to-small scale. It is unclear how their manufacturing processes reflect slow fashion. The value of this study lies in the potential for developing sustainability in the South African fashion industry. The study follows a qualitative approach to research and employs an intrinsic case study research design. The case study consists of four purposively selected participants owning their own local garment manufacturing companies and noting slow fashion concepts within their company descriptions. Using the data collected from the interview transcripts for qualitative content analysis, the participants’ manufacturing processes and approaches are located within the relevant line of reflection of the Three Pillars of Sustainability indicating slow fashion. The findings offer insights and rich descriptions of how local slow fashion garment manufacturers reflect slow fashion. Although the findings of the research are limited to a sample size of four participants, a holistic examination suggests several notable findings. Sustainable fashion in South Africa focuses on supporting the local economy, particularly the garment manufacturing sector, and ensuring ethical practices throughout the production value chain. It also emphasises interaction between the design, production, and the end of life of the product. Local slow fashion manufacturers aim to provide sustainable products that are durable in order to extend the product’s life and ultimately reduce overconsumption. Discussed emerging findings reveal several opportunities for the development of slow fashion in South Africa as well as further avenues of research for future research relating to slow fashion manufacturing. , M.A. (Design)
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