A model to manage community participation in clinical health research
- Authors: Fröhlich, Janet Ann
- Date: 2011-12-06
- Subjects: Community health services , Health services administration , Medical care
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:1821 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4182
- Description: D.Cur. , Not only do communities and individuals have the right to participate in their own health care, but a key means to reducing the risk of potential social and psychological harm of people participating in clinical health research, especially efficacy trials, is to ensure that the community in which the research is being carried out, as well as health service providers, are meaningfully involved in the research process. One of the requirements of the South African White Paper for the Transformation of the Health System (South Africa, 1997: 74-78) which refers to Essential National Health Research (ENHR), is that the research agenda should initiate a process whereby stakeholders are equal inclusive partners in the research. Therefore researchers are no longer perceived as having the right to exercise a monopoly on conducting and explaining their research but now have a duty to empower their research participants and the research community to understand their own situation and become a collaborative partner in the research process. In this participatory approach to research, a collegiate partnership needs to be facilitated, but the power differentials that exist between stakeholders in community research make this a difficult partnership. The researcher, having had prolonged interaction with a community which has been targeted for large efficacy trials, initiated this research to gain insight into some of these difficulties and to describe the understanding and expectations of key stakeholders into community participation in clinical health research and develop a model to manage this participation. The critical elements in the study took cognisance of the research context, the dynamics within that context, the relevant stakeholders in a participatory approach to clinical health research and the processes within which they engage. Literature was reviewed throughout the study that was conducted in two phases. Phase one of the research design is ideographic, contextual and descriptive in nature. A perception survey, within a targeted community, was conducted to describe the understanding and expectations of community representatives, health service providers and researchers of community participation in clinical health research. The analysis of the perception survey endorsed the notion that community participation needs to be an v integral part of all clinical health research. The findings from the perception survey and a further literature search enabled the researcher to develop a theoretical framework for the construction of a model to manage community participation in clinical health research. The model is overarching with multiple processes namely: the participatory management process central to the model; the preparatory process; research process and quality improvement process. The model facilitates a collegiate partnership between stakeholders where there is mutual influence and collaborative interaction. Its implementation requires a radical paradigm shift in research and a commitment on the part of those "in power" to share power. It is recommended that standards that monitor, measure and evaluate community participation in clinical health research be developed to operationalise the model. Funders increasingly mandate community participation in clinical health research and the challenge is to ensure that this process goes beyond tokenism. A model to manage community participation in clinical health research will facilitate the conscious integration of key stakeholders into the research process to provide a platform for the voiceless and powerless within the research community, so that they become active participants and partners, not merely 'objects' in the process of research and knowledge creation. This will not only meet the requirements of funders and the ENHR, but this collaboration and partnership will foster trust between researcher, health service providers, community representatives and trial participants. There will be mutual understanding of the research issues and this will ensure that the study or clinical trial respects cultural and ethnic differences among participants. The primary outcome of the operationalisation of the model will be to facilitate quality management of community participation in clinical health research.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fröhlich, Janet Ann
- Date: 2011-12-06
- Subjects: Community health services , Health services administration , Medical care
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:1821 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4182
- Description: D.Cur. , Not only do communities and individuals have the right to participate in their own health care, but a key means to reducing the risk of potential social and psychological harm of people participating in clinical health research, especially efficacy trials, is to ensure that the community in which the research is being carried out, as well as health service providers, are meaningfully involved in the research process. One of the requirements of the South African White Paper for the Transformation of the Health System (South Africa, 1997: 74-78) which refers to Essential National Health Research (ENHR), is that the research agenda should initiate a process whereby stakeholders are equal inclusive partners in the research. Therefore researchers are no longer perceived as having the right to exercise a monopoly on conducting and explaining their research but now have a duty to empower their research participants and the research community to understand their own situation and become a collaborative partner in the research process. In this participatory approach to research, a collegiate partnership needs to be facilitated, but the power differentials that exist between stakeholders in community research make this a difficult partnership. The researcher, having had prolonged interaction with a community which has been targeted for large efficacy trials, initiated this research to gain insight into some of these difficulties and to describe the understanding and expectations of key stakeholders into community participation in clinical health research and develop a model to manage this participation. The critical elements in the study took cognisance of the research context, the dynamics within that context, the relevant stakeholders in a participatory approach to clinical health research and the processes within which they engage. Literature was reviewed throughout the study that was conducted in two phases. Phase one of the research design is ideographic, contextual and descriptive in nature. A perception survey, within a targeted community, was conducted to describe the understanding and expectations of community representatives, health service providers and researchers of community participation in clinical health research. The analysis of the perception survey endorsed the notion that community participation needs to be an v integral part of all clinical health research. The findings from the perception survey and a further literature search enabled the researcher to develop a theoretical framework for the construction of a model to manage community participation in clinical health research. The model is overarching with multiple processes namely: the participatory management process central to the model; the preparatory process; research process and quality improvement process. The model facilitates a collegiate partnership between stakeholders where there is mutual influence and collaborative interaction. Its implementation requires a radical paradigm shift in research and a commitment on the part of those "in power" to share power. It is recommended that standards that monitor, measure and evaluate community participation in clinical health research be developed to operationalise the model. Funders increasingly mandate community participation in clinical health research and the challenge is to ensure that this process goes beyond tokenism. A model to manage community participation in clinical health research will facilitate the conscious integration of key stakeholders into the research process to provide a platform for the voiceless and powerless within the research community, so that they become active participants and partners, not merely 'objects' in the process of research and knowledge creation. This will not only meet the requirements of funders and the ENHR, but this collaboration and partnership will foster trust between researcher, health service providers, community representatives and trial participants. There will be mutual understanding of the research issues and this will ensure that the study or clinical trial respects cultural and ethnic differences among participants. The primary outcome of the operationalisation of the model will be to facilitate quality management of community participation in clinical health research.
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A nursing service change strategy for health clinics
- Gumede-Hlubi, Ntokozo Rosemary
- Authors: Gumede-Hlubi, Ntokozo Rosemary
- Date: 2012-09-12
- Subjects: Nursing services -- Administration -- South Africa -- Soweto , Community health services -- South Africa -- Soweto , Organizational change , Health services administration
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10258 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7629
- Description: M.Cur. , It is evident that the current political changes presently taking place in South Africa need to be accompanied by a dramatic transformation to accommodate the economic, social, technological and health changes amongst others. The nursing discipline is no exception. For a change to be felt by nursing staff and by health consumers, effective management strategies need to be developed to accommodate transformation guidelines as outlined by the Reconstruction and Development Programme, the National Health Plan and the Constitution which all emphasize the right to health, hence this study. This study focuses on a primary health care clinics. This is a qualitative, contextual, exploratory and descriptive study with the overall aim of exploring and describing a nursing service strategy for change in Soweto Primary Health clinics where the researcher is employed. To accomplish this aim, the following objectives were formulated: to explore and describe the expectations of the managers and the functional nurses concerning the required nursing service strategy for change within Soweto Primary Health Clinics; to explore and describe the expectations of health consumers concerning the required nursing service strategy for change in Soweto Primary Health Clinics; to describe the required nursing service strategy for Soweto Primary Health Clinics. Through purposive sampling, three focus groups were selected from the role players within Soweto who represent the nursing managers, the functional nurses' and the health consumers in order to infer the required change strategy for the nursing service. i. Data was collected through these focus groups interviews using semi-structured questions. Data management and data analysis was done using the methods of content analysis according to Kerlinger (1986: 480). An research expert, was utilised as a reliability measure to identify and categorise themes separately from the researcher. The categories that emerged were subsequently refined through consensus discussions between the researcher and the independent researcher. Woods and Catanzaro' s measures (1988: 136) to ensure validity and reliability were applied in this study.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gumede-Hlubi, Ntokozo Rosemary
- Date: 2012-09-12
- Subjects: Nursing services -- Administration -- South Africa -- Soweto , Community health services -- South Africa -- Soweto , Organizational change , Health services administration
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10258 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7629
- Description: M.Cur. , It is evident that the current political changes presently taking place in South Africa need to be accompanied by a dramatic transformation to accommodate the economic, social, technological and health changes amongst others. The nursing discipline is no exception. For a change to be felt by nursing staff and by health consumers, effective management strategies need to be developed to accommodate transformation guidelines as outlined by the Reconstruction and Development Programme, the National Health Plan and the Constitution which all emphasize the right to health, hence this study. This study focuses on a primary health care clinics. This is a qualitative, contextual, exploratory and descriptive study with the overall aim of exploring and describing a nursing service strategy for change in Soweto Primary Health clinics where the researcher is employed. To accomplish this aim, the following objectives were formulated: to explore and describe the expectations of the managers and the functional nurses concerning the required nursing service strategy for change within Soweto Primary Health Clinics; to explore and describe the expectations of health consumers concerning the required nursing service strategy for change in Soweto Primary Health Clinics; to describe the required nursing service strategy for Soweto Primary Health Clinics. Through purposive sampling, three focus groups were selected from the role players within Soweto who represent the nursing managers, the functional nurses' and the health consumers in order to infer the required change strategy for the nursing service. i. Data was collected through these focus groups interviews using semi-structured questions. Data management and data analysis was done using the methods of content analysis according to Kerlinger (1986: 480). An research expert, was utilised as a reliability measure to identify and categorise themes separately from the researcher. The categories that emerged were subsequently refined through consensus discussions between the researcher and the independent researcher. Woods and Catanzaro' s measures (1988: 136) to ensure validity and reliability were applied in this study.
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Strategic management for cost efficient health care in the Steelmed Medical Aid
- Authors: Hukins, G.B.A.
- Date: 2012-09-11
- Subjects: Health services administration , Medical care - United States - Management , Medical care - Cost effectiveness
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10078 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7464
- Description: M.Comm. , Chapter 2 Chapter 2 researches the literature with regard to the evolvement of health care delivery in the USA and specifically the effect that the development and implementation has had on managed care. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 briefly describes the process of management and the components of strategic management. It also mentions the evolvement of management style proposed by Hickman. Finally it sets out in a graphical format the categories and "levels" into which health care can be divided and delivered. It is suggested that these are the issues to consider when assessing a medical benefit fund. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 presents the results and the findings of the various components and factors that impacted upon the external and internal analysis of the fund. The framework used to analyse the fund for strategic management are those proposed by De Bruyn, Kruger and McKinsey. Comments are made about the extent to which each component of strategic management is being applied within Steelmed based upon the evidence assimilated from the study. Finally the financial statements and membership numbers are used to evaluate how successful Steelmed has been. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 highlights the changes to take place if fourth wave strategic management is to be implemented and makes recommendations about the need for an on-going study to measure the effect this will have.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hukins, G.B.A.
- Date: 2012-09-11
- Subjects: Health services administration , Medical care - United States - Management , Medical care - Cost effectiveness
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10078 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7464
- Description: M.Comm. , Chapter 2 Chapter 2 researches the literature with regard to the evolvement of health care delivery in the USA and specifically the effect that the development and implementation has had on managed care. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 briefly describes the process of management and the components of strategic management. It also mentions the evolvement of management style proposed by Hickman. Finally it sets out in a graphical format the categories and "levels" into which health care can be divided and delivered. It is suggested that these are the issues to consider when assessing a medical benefit fund. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 presents the results and the findings of the various components and factors that impacted upon the external and internal analysis of the fund. The framework used to analyse the fund for strategic management are those proposed by De Bruyn, Kruger and McKinsey. Comments are made about the extent to which each component of strategic management is being applied within Steelmed based upon the evidence assimilated from the study. Finally the financial statements and membership numbers are used to evaluate how successful Steelmed has been. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 highlights the changes to take place if fourth wave strategic management is to be implemented and makes recommendations about the need for an on-going study to measure the effect this will have.
- Full Text:
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