The effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation of cervicogenic headache in conjunction with cervical stabilization exercises
- Authors: Anderson, Michael Drew
- Date: 2014-05-08
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Headache - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10987 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10560
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Cervicogenic Headache is a common musculoskeletal disorder afflicting people worldwide. It causes decreased productivity and mild to severe disability and thus has a large socio-economic impact on society. Much research is needed to improve the successful management of patients afflicted with this disorder. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of spinal manipulation alone and spinal manipulation in conjunction with cervical stabilization exercises in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. Thirty eligible participants conforming to the North American Cervicogenic Headache Society classification of cervicogenic headache were solicited and randomly assigned to two groups of fifteen. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy to the full spine. Group 2 received spinal manipulative therapy to the full spine as well as cervical stabilization exercises. Patients were treated eight times over a four-week period with a six-week follow-up consultation thereafter. Objective and subjective measurements were taken at. the first, fourth, eighth and six-week follow-up consultations. Objective measurements consisted of cervical spine range of motion measurements. Subjective measures consisted of the Vernon-Mior neck pain and disability index and the numerical pain rating scale. Both groups displayed numerical improvements in all cervical spine ranges of motion. Both groups had statistically significant improvements in cervical spine right lateral flexion, while group 1 only had a statistically significant improvement in cervical spine left lateral flexion. Both groups displayed statistically significant improvements in the subjective measures. However, neither group had a statistically significant improvement over the other. It can be concluded that neither spinal manipulative therapy nor spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with cervical stabilization exercises is more effective than the other. Thus rehabilitation of the cervicogenic headache patient yielded no measurable added benefit to spinal manipulative therapy only. However, results indicate that if more rigid or complex application of cervical spine stability training is incorporated, superior results may be achieved.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Anderson, Michael Drew
- Date: 2014-05-08
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Headache - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10987 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10560
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Cervicogenic Headache is a common musculoskeletal disorder afflicting people worldwide. It causes decreased productivity and mild to severe disability and thus has a large socio-economic impact on society. Much research is needed to improve the successful management of patients afflicted with this disorder. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of spinal manipulation alone and spinal manipulation in conjunction with cervical stabilization exercises in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. Thirty eligible participants conforming to the North American Cervicogenic Headache Society classification of cervicogenic headache were solicited and randomly assigned to two groups of fifteen. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy to the full spine. Group 2 received spinal manipulative therapy to the full spine as well as cervical stabilization exercises. Patients were treated eight times over a four-week period with a six-week follow-up consultation thereafter. Objective and subjective measurements were taken at. the first, fourth, eighth and six-week follow-up consultations. Objective measurements consisted of cervical spine range of motion measurements. Subjective measures consisted of the Vernon-Mior neck pain and disability index and the numerical pain rating scale. Both groups displayed numerical improvements in all cervical spine ranges of motion. Both groups had statistically significant improvements in cervical spine right lateral flexion, while group 1 only had a statistically significant improvement in cervical spine left lateral flexion. Both groups displayed statistically significant improvements in the subjective measures. However, neither group had a statistically significant improvement over the other. It can be concluded that neither spinal manipulative therapy nor spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with cervical stabilization exercises is more effective than the other. Thus rehabilitation of the cervicogenic headache patient yielded no measurable added benefit to spinal manipulative therapy only. However, results indicate that if more rigid or complex application of cervical spine stability training is incorporated, superior results may be achieved.
- Full Text:
The effect of upper cervical spine chiropractic manipulation in conjuction with ultrasound therapy in the treatment of cervicogenic headaches
- Authors: Dulabh, Kavish
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Ultrasonics in medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268491 , uj:28501
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: A correlation between cervicogenic headache, upper cervical spine joint dysfunction and therapeutic ultrasound exists. The aim of this study was to determine whether chiropractic manipulation in conjunction with ultrasound therapy over the restricted segments of the upper cervical spine would be a more effective treatment protocol in patients suffering from cervicogenic headaches with regards to the perception of pain caused by their headache, the effect it had on their daily living, and cervical range of motion. Treatment was aimed at the upper cervical spine segments (C0- C3) as nociception arising from almost any structure innervated by the upper four cervical nerves may refer to the head, resulting in headaches and therapeutic ultrasound may aid in the relaxation of muscle tissues subsequently decreasing muscle spasm and pain and improving joint motion. Method: This study consisted of two groups. Both Groups 1 and 2 consisted of 15 participants each presenting with cervicogenic headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 50 years. The participants were thoroughly examined and assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as a case history, full physical examination and cervical spine regional examination. Group 1 received chiropractic manipulation to the restricted segments of the upper cervical spine only. Group 2 received chiropractic manipulation and ultrasound therapy of the restricted segments of the upper cervical spine. Procedure: Participants were seen seven times over a three week period. They were treated twice a week for three weeks where a seventh follow-up visit followed. Subjective and objective measurements were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Subjective measurements consisted of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Headache Disability Index. Objective measurements included cervical spine range of motion which was measured with the Cervical Range of Motion device in full cervical spine flexion, full cervical spine extension, right and left cervical spine lateral flexion and right and left cervical spine rotation. Results: Regarding subjective measurements based on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, a statistically significant difference was found with Groups 1 and 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups overtime. However...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dulabh, Kavish
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Ultrasonics in medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268491 , uj:28501
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: A correlation between cervicogenic headache, upper cervical spine joint dysfunction and therapeutic ultrasound exists. The aim of this study was to determine whether chiropractic manipulation in conjunction with ultrasound therapy over the restricted segments of the upper cervical spine would be a more effective treatment protocol in patients suffering from cervicogenic headaches with regards to the perception of pain caused by their headache, the effect it had on their daily living, and cervical range of motion. Treatment was aimed at the upper cervical spine segments (C0- C3) as nociception arising from almost any structure innervated by the upper four cervical nerves may refer to the head, resulting in headaches and therapeutic ultrasound may aid in the relaxation of muscle tissues subsequently decreasing muscle spasm and pain and improving joint motion. Method: This study consisted of two groups. Both Groups 1 and 2 consisted of 15 participants each presenting with cervicogenic headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 50 years. The participants were thoroughly examined and assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as a case history, full physical examination and cervical spine regional examination. Group 1 received chiropractic manipulation to the restricted segments of the upper cervical spine only. Group 2 received chiropractic manipulation and ultrasound therapy of the restricted segments of the upper cervical spine. Procedure: Participants were seen seven times over a three week period. They were treated twice a week for three weeks where a seventh follow-up visit followed. Subjective and objective measurements were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Subjective measurements consisted of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Headache Disability Index. Objective measurements included cervical spine range of motion which was measured with the Cervical Range of Motion device in full cervical spine flexion, full cervical spine extension, right and left cervical spine lateral flexion and right and left cervical spine rotation. Results: Regarding subjective measurements based on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, a statistically significant difference was found with Groups 1 and 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups overtime. However...
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Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy versus myofascial dry needling of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and a combination thereof on cervicogenic headaches
- Authors: Judelman, Niki
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial dry needling therapy , Spinal adjustment , Spondylotherapy , Sternocleidomastoid muscle diseases - Chiropractic treament
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8830 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5243
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: An association between cervicogenic headache, cervical joint dysfunction and the presence of myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle exists. This study is aimed at determining the most effective Chiropractic treatment protocol in the management of cervicogenic headache by comparing the objective and subjective measurements gained in delivering Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to the upper cervical spine, myofascial dry needling therapy to myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and/or a combination of both therapies. DESIGN: Forty-eight participants suffering from cervicogenic headache were allocated into one of three groups of equal male to female ratio. Each patient was examined and cleared for participation in a clinical trial in which Diversified Chiropractic techniques and/or myofascial dry needling therapy were delivered. Group 1 received Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to the upper cervical spine. Group 2 received myofascial dry needling therapy to myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Group 3 received a combination of the mentioned therapies. DURATION AND MEASUREMENTS: Participants were consulted seven times in a four week period. They were treated twice per week for three weeks and a final, follow-up assessment was performed at the start of the fourth week. Subjective and objective measurements were taken and recorded on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Subjective measurements were taken via the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Questionnaire, Triple Visual Analogue Scale and the Headache Disability Index. Objective measurements included cervical spine ranges of motion which were measured using the Cervical Range of Motion Instrument (CROM). The data was statistically analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. RESULTS: Clinically and statistically significant improvements in all three groups were noted over the course of the study, with regards to perception of pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes in ranges of motion were demonstrated in Group 1 for flexion, extension, lateral flexion (right and left) and right rotation; in Group 2 for right lateral flexion and left rotation and in Group 3 for all cervical ranges of motion. The comparison between the groups (intergroup analysis) showed no statistically significant changes except for right lateral flexion at the first consultation (pre-treatment). CONCLUSION: The results show that Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy and dry needling are both effective treatment protocols in decreasing pain and dysfunction and increasing cervical range of motion in patients suffering from cervicogenic headache. This was demonstrated clinically, and to a lesser degree, statistically. The results carry a possible suggestion that although the different treatment options are effective individually, no treatment option proves to be statistically superior.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Judelman, Niki
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial dry needling therapy , Spinal adjustment , Spondylotherapy , Sternocleidomastoid muscle diseases - Chiropractic treament
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8830 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5243
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: An association between cervicogenic headache, cervical joint dysfunction and the presence of myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle exists. This study is aimed at determining the most effective Chiropractic treatment protocol in the management of cervicogenic headache by comparing the objective and subjective measurements gained in delivering Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to the upper cervical spine, myofascial dry needling therapy to myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and/or a combination of both therapies. DESIGN: Forty-eight participants suffering from cervicogenic headache were allocated into one of three groups of equal male to female ratio. Each patient was examined and cleared for participation in a clinical trial in which Diversified Chiropractic techniques and/or myofascial dry needling therapy were delivered. Group 1 received Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to the upper cervical spine. Group 2 received myofascial dry needling therapy to myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Group 3 received a combination of the mentioned therapies. DURATION AND MEASUREMENTS: Participants were consulted seven times in a four week period. They were treated twice per week for three weeks and a final, follow-up assessment was performed at the start of the fourth week. Subjective and objective measurements were taken and recorded on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Subjective measurements were taken via the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Questionnaire, Triple Visual Analogue Scale and the Headache Disability Index. Objective measurements included cervical spine ranges of motion which were measured using the Cervical Range of Motion Instrument (CROM). The data was statistically analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. RESULTS: Clinically and statistically significant improvements in all three groups were noted over the course of the study, with regards to perception of pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes in ranges of motion were demonstrated in Group 1 for flexion, extension, lateral flexion (right and left) and right rotation; in Group 2 for right lateral flexion and left rotation and in Group 3 for all cervical ranges of motion. The comparison between the groups (intergroup analysis) showed no statistically significant changes except for right lateral flexion at the first consultation (pre-treatment). CONCLUSION: The results show that Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy and dry needling are both effective treatment protocols in decreasing pain and dysfunction and increasing cervical range of motion in patients suffering from cervicogenic headache. This was demonstrated clinically, and to a lesser degree, statistically. The results carry a possible suggestion that although the different treatment options are effective individually, no treatment option proves to be statistically superior.
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The effectiveness of cervical spine manipulation in conjunction with interferential current and ultrasound therapy for cervicogenic headaches
- Authors: Keshav, Tina
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5228
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Heachaches are a very common complaint among society today, and as a result there are a vast number of individuals seeking medical treatment specifically for headaches (Alix and Bates, 1999). The impact that headaches have on a patients quality of life far exceeds that of other conditions such as osteoarthritis and hypertension. Primary headaches such as Cervicogenic, Cluster and Tension-type headaches have no specific underlying cause. However, it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) can be used as an effective tool in the treatment of these primary headaches (Brontford, Assendelft, Evans, Haas, and Bouter, 2001; Khoury, 2000 and Vernon, 1995). A Cervicogenic Headache is defined by the North American Cervicogenic Society (NACHS) as referred pain perceived in any region of the head caused by a primary nociceptive source in the musculoskeletal tissues innervated by cervical nerves. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of upper cervical spine manipulation in conjunction with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy, compared to upper cervical spine manipulations alone as a treatment protocol for Cervicogenic headaches. Method: This study consisted of two groups; both Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of 15 participants with Cervicogenic headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 55 years. Potential participants were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine C1-C3 levels. Group 2 received a combination treatment with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy over active myofascial trigger points in the Posterior Cervical muscles in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine C1-C3 levels. Objective and subjective findings were based on the treatments. Procedure: The participants received six treatments in total over a three week period that is two treatments a week for three weeks followed by a seventh consultation visit where only subjective and objective measurements was taken. The participants completed a Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Headache Disability Index Questionnaire. Algometer readings were taken over the most sensitive trigger point in the Posterior Cervical muscles. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine and Group 2 received a ten minute combination treatment with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy over active myofascial trigger points in the Posterior Cervical muscles in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine. The same treatment procedures were administered over the study; subjective and objective readings were only taken at visits 1, 4 and 7. Results: In terms of objective measurements based on the pressure Algometer readings, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference in muscle sensitivity between the two groups over time was revealed. However, Group 1 showed a larger overall clinically significant difference in Posterior Cervical muscle sensitivity. In terms of subjective measurements based on the Headache Disability Index Questionnaire scores, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference in terms of intensity, duration and frequency of the headaches between the groups over time was revealed. However, Group 1 had a greater clinical reduction in intensity, duration and frequency of headaches when compared to Group 2. In terms of subjective measurements based on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale scores, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. A statistically significant difference in terms of intensity of the headaches between the groups over time was revealed. The overall clinical improvement was similar for both groups however Group 1 had a slightly greater clinical reduction in headache intensity when compared to Group 1. Conclusion: Both groups showed an overall improvement in the headache symptoms as well as Posterior Cervical muscle sensitivity; however Group 1 showed a greater clinical improvement when compared to Group 2.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Keshav, Tina
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5228
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Heachaches are a very common complaint among society today, and as a result there are a vast number of individuals seeking medical treatment specifically for headaches (Alix and Bates, 1999). The impact that headaches have on a patients quality of life far exceeds that of other conditions such as osteoarthritis and hypertension. Primary headaches such as Cervicogenic, Cluster and Tension-type headaches have no specific underlying cause. However, it has been shown that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) can be used as an effective tool in the treatment of these primary headaches (Brontford, Assendelft, Evans, Haas, and Bouter, 2001; Khoury, 2000 and Vernon, 1995). A Cervicogenic Headache is defined by the North American Cervicogenic Society (NACHS) as referred pain perceived in any region of the head caused by a primary nociceptive source in the musculoskeletal tissues innervated by cervical nerves. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of upper cervical spine manipulation in conjunction with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy, compared to upper cervical spine manipulations alone as a treatment protocol for Cervicogenic headaches. Method: This study consisted of two groups; both Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of 15 participants with Cervicogenic headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 55 years. Potential participants were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine C1-C3 levels. Group 2 received a combination treatment with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy over active myofascial trigger points in the Posterior Cervical muscles in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine C1-C3 levels. Objective and subjective findings were based on the treatments. Procedure: The participants received six treatments in total over a three week period that is two treatments a week for three weeks followed by a seventh consultation visit where only subjective and objective measurements was taken. The participants completed a Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Headache Disability Index Questionnaire. Algometer readings were taken over the most sensitive trigger point in the Posterior Cervical muscles. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine and Group 2 received a ten minute combination treatment with Interferential current and Ultrasound therapy over active myofascial trigger points in the Posterior Cervical muscles in conjunction with spinal manipulative therapy over restricted segments in the upper cervical spine. The same treatment procedures were administered over the study; subjective and objective readings were only taken at visits 1, 4 and 7. Results: In terms of objective measurements based on the pressure Algometer readings, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference in muscle sensitivity between the two groups over time was revealed. However, Group 1 showed a larger overall clinically significant difference in Posterior Cervical muscle sensitivity. In terms of subjective measurements based on the Headache Disability Index Questionnaire scores, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. No statistically significant difference in terms of intensity, duration and frequency of the headaches between the groups over time was revealed. However, Group 1 had a greater clinical reduction in intensity, duration and frequency of headaches when compared to Group 2. In terms of subjective measurements based on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale scores, a statistically significant difference was revealed within both Group 1 and Group 2 individually over time. A statistically significant difference in terms of intensity of the headaches between the groups over time was revealed. The overall clinical improvement was similar for both groups however Group 1 had a slightly greater clinical reduction in headache intensity when compared to Group 1. Conclusion: Both groups showed an overall improvement in the headache symptoms as well as Posterior Cervical muscle sensitivity; however Group 1 showed a greater clinical improvement when compared to Group 2.
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A study to determine the efficiency of upper cervical vertebral manipulation as opposed to a combination of upper cervical and upper thoracic vertebral manipulation in the treatment of migraine without aura
- Authors: Kittel, Heiner Peter
- Date: 2014-08-07
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12010 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11759
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The object of this study was to compare two chiropractic treatment approaches to each other in the management of migraine without aura. It was hypothesised that a combination of upper cervical and upper thoracic chiropractic manipulative therapy would be more effective than upper cervical chiropractic manipulative therapy alone. Migraine without aura was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Headache Society (1988) and based on a structured case history, physical examination as well as regional orthopaedic and neurological examinations. Forty-one (41) subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups in this single blind, randomised trial. Thirty-three patients completed the trial. Both groups received their respective chiropractic manipulative treatments twice a week for a total period of four weeks. During this time and a period of eight weeks thereafter, each patient kept a daily headache diary, noting migraine frequency, duration, headache intensity and associated analgesic pill consumption. Statistical analysis of the collected data involved inter-group comparisons of the above mentioned variables using Mann-Whitney Rank Sum tests, and intra-group comparisons of the above. mentioned variables using Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests at a 95% level of confidence. Intra-group analysis of the data revealed statistically significant (P < 0.05) decreases in migraine frequency and headache intensity for both groups. Migraine duration followed a similar pattern but for a sudden increase in duration in the third month for the group receiving a combination of upper cervical and upper thoracic chiropractic manipulative therapy. Inter-group analysis of the data established no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the two treatment groups before or during the study. Throughout the study, there was a notable difference in average analgesic pill consumption between the two groups. The results indicate that both chiropractic manipulative therapy approaches had positive effects on the frequency, duration and headache intensity of migraines without aura. The effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy on the associated analgesic pill consumption is speculative, since there was no pre-treatment assessment of analgesic pill consumption. The sudden increase in migraine duration during the third month for the group that received both upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation may be due to this treatment being less effective than upper cervical manipulation alone. The significance of this sudden increase will need to be established by future studies. Neither one of the two chiropractic treatment protocols applied in this study fared significantly better than the other. It is suggested that future studies consider any disability associated with migraines without aura. A pre-treatment trial period would provide reliable pre-treatment statistics for the variables investigated during such a trial and larger samples would represent the overall migraineur population better. It is suggested that a third group, receiving only chiropractic manipulative therapy to the upper thoracic spine, also be included.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kittel, Heiner Peter
- Date: 2014-08-07
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12010 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11759
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The object of this study was to compare two chiropractic treatment approaches to each other in the management of migraine without aura. It was hypothesised that a combination of upper cervical and upper thoracic chiropractic manipulative therapy would be more effective than upper cervical chiropractic manipulative therapy alone. Migraine without aura was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Headache Society (1988) and based on a structured case history, physical examination as well as regional orthopaedic and neurological examinations. Forty-one (41) subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups in this single blind, randomised trial. Thirty-three patients completed the trial. Both groups received their respective chiropractic manipulative treatments twice a week for a total period of four weeks. During this time and a period of eight weeks thereafter, each patient kept a daily headache diary, noting migraine frequency, duration, headache intensity and associated analgesic pill consumption. Statistical analysis of the collected data involved inter-group comparisons of the above mentioned variables using Mann-Whitney Rank Sum tests, and intra-group comparisons of the above. mentioned variables using Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests at a 95% level of confidence. Intra-group analysis of the data revealed statistically significant (P < 0.05) decreases in migraine frequency and headache intensity for both groups. Migraine duration followed a similar pattern but for a sudden increase in duration in the third month for the group receiving a combination of upper cervical and upper thoracic chiropractic manipulative therapy. Inter-group analysis of the data established no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the two treatment groups before or during the study. Throughout the study, there was a notable difference in average analgesic pill consumption between the two groups. The results indicate that both chiropractic manipulative therapy approaches had positive effects on the frequency, duration and headache intensity of migraines without aura. The effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy on the associated analgesic pill consumption is speculative, since there was no pre-treatment assessment of analgesic pill consumption. The sudden increase in migraine duration during the third month for the group that received both upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation may be due to this treatment being less effective than upper cervical manipulation alone. The significance of this sudden increase will need to be established by future studies. Neither one of the two chiropractic treatment protocols applied in this study fared significantly better than the other. It is suggested that future studies consider any disability associated with migraines without aura. A pre-treatment trial period would provide reliable pre-treatment statistics for the variables investigated during such a trial and larger samples would represent the overall migraineur population better. It is suggested that a third group, receiving only chiropractic manipulative therapy to the upper thoracic spine, also be included.
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A study to determine the effects of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint versus ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the treatment of tension-type headaches
- Authors: Moosajee, Nazreen
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Temporomandibular joint - Diseases - Physical therapy , Pterygoid muscles , Acupressure
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12576 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12367
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Headache is the most common type of pain and is one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultation (Rasmussen, 1995). Tension-type headaches cause substantial levels of disability for the patient as well as the global society because of its high prevalence in the general population (Stovner, Hagen, Jensen, 2007). Tension-Type headache is a primary headache commonly found in three forms: infrequent episodic, frequent episodic and chronic with or without pericranial tenderness (International Headache Society, 2009). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint in conjunction with ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle as a treatment protocol for tension-type headache. Method: This study consisted of three groups of sixteen participants each with tension-type headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 25 years of age. Potential participants were examined and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group one received chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint. Group two received ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Group three received a combination treatment of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint and ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Objective and subjective finding were based on the treatment sessions. Procedure: All participants received a total of six treatments over two weeks followed by a seventh visit which consisted of data gathering only. The subjective data collected was in the form of a TMJ symptom questionnaire completed at visit one and seven and a Headache Disability Index (HDI) completed at visits one, three and seven. TMJ motion was measured by means of a vernier caliper.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Moosajee, Nazreen
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Temporomandibular joint - Diseases - Physical therapy , Pterygoid muscles , Acupressure
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12576 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12367
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Headache is the most common type of pain and is one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultation (Rasmussen, 1995). Tension-type headaches cause substantial levels of disability for the patient as well as the global society because of its high prevalence in the general population (Stovner, Hagen, Jensen, 2007). Tension-Type headache is a primary headache commonly found in three forms: infrequent episodic, frequent episodic and chronic with or without pericranial tenderness (International Headache Society, 2009). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint in conjunction with ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle as a treatment protocol for tension-type headache. Method: This study consisted of three groups of sixteen participants each with tension-type headaches. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 25 years of age. Potential participants were examined and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group one received chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint. Group two received ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Group three received a combination treatment of chiropractic manipulation of the temporomandibular joint and ischemic compression of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Objective and subjective finding were based on the treatment sessions. Procedure: All participants received a total of six treatments over two weeks followed by a seventh visit which consisted of data gathering only. The subjective data collected was in the form of a TMJ symptom questionnaire completed at visit one and seven and a Headache Disability Index (HDI) completed at visits one, three and seven. TMJ motion was measured by means of a vernier caliper.
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A comparison of low level laser therapy and chiropractic manipulative therapy in the treatment of suboccipital trigger points causing tension-type headaches
- Authors: Omar, Sarah
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Lasers - Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399790 , uj:33336
- Description: Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Omar, Sarah
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Lasers - Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399790 , uj:33336
- Description: Abstract : Please refer to full text to view abstract. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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Comparison between chiropractic cervical spine manipulation and needling of acupuncture points in the treatment of tension - type headaches
- Authors: Orkan, Shahaf
- Date: 2012-09-04
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Acupuncture
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364022 , uj:3527 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6914
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Acupuncture has been a controversial issue in the medical world for many years before the sceptic western medicine slowly adopted its idea. Some mechanisms for pain relief were clinically researched and proven to be valid as well as effective in treating tension-type headaches (Stux, Berman and Pomerantz, 2003) The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effects of cervical spine manipulation and needling of acupuncture points in those patients with tension-type headache and suggest another complimentary treatment to the chiropractic manipulation, especially in those patients where manipulation is contraindicated to manipulation. If found to be effective, various mechanisms have been suggested in the formation of tension headache episodes. Those mechanisms may be alterations within the spinal cord and/or brainstem gating mechanisms as a result of facet joint dysfunction, sensitization of nociceptors in the peripheral structures of the body and psychological factors. Method: This study consisted of two groups, consisting of 16 subjects in each group. All participants were screened for tension-type headaches and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five. Group 1 received chiropractic manipulation treatment to the most restricted levels in their cervical spine. Group 2 received treatment consisting of needling of acupuncture points to specific predetermined points. Procedure: Each successful candidate was treated six times over a 3 week period which included a total of seven sessions. Before the beginning of the treatment, the successful candidate completed the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Readings for cervical spine ranges of motion were then taken with a CROM device. In group 1, chiropractic manipulation was then delivered to the most restricted segments in the cervical spine. In group 2, needling of six predetermined acupuncture points for relieving tension-type headache was performed bilaterally. The same treatment procedure was administered at sessions one through six, the CROM readings and questionnaires were taken in sessions one, three, five and seven. Results: The results were obtained by using the Mann-Whitney U and t-test. No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups, when comparing the 2 treatment methods at the visits. However, both groups showed a statistically significant improvement over time within each group individually for subjective measurements and for right lateral flexion in the objective measurements. Conclusion: The results were inconclusive with regards to the prolonged effects of chiropractic manipulation and needling of acupuncture points on cervical spine range of motion in patients with tension-type headache. However, it was concluded that both methods of treatment had beneficial effects on how the participants perceived their pain and disability. Due to the small group of subjects and relatively short duration of the study, accurate conclusions could not be formulated. The findings obtained were insignificant and further research needs to be performed on the effects of cervical spine manipulation and needling of acupuncture points on those suffering with tension-type headache.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Orkan, Shahaf
- Date: 2012-09-04
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Acupuncture
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364022 , uj:3527 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6914
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Acupuncture has been a controversial issue in the medical world for many years before the sceptic western medicine slowly adopted its idea. Some mechanisms for pain relief were clinically researched and proven to be valid as well as effective in treating tension-type headaches (Stux, Berman and Pomerantz, 2003) The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effects of cervical spine manipulation and needling of acupuncture points in those patients with tension-type headache and suggest another complimentary treatment to the chiropractic manipulation, especially in those patients where manipulation is contraindicated to manipulation. If found to be effective, various mechanisms have been suggested in the formation of tension headache episodes. Those mechanisms may be alterations within the spinal cord and/or brainstem gating mechanisms as a result of facet joint dysfunction, sensitization of nociceptors in the peripheral structures of the body and psychological factors. Method: This study consisted of two groups, consisting of 16 subjects in each group. All participants were screened for tension-type headaches and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five. Group 1 received chiropractic manipulation treatment to the most restricted levels in their cervical spine. Group 2 received treatment consisting of needling of acupuncture points to specific predetermined points. Procedure: Each successful candidate was treated six times over a 3 week period which included a total of seven sessions. Before the beginning of the treatment, the successful candidate completed the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Readings for cervical spine ranges of motion were then taken with a CROM device. In group 1, chiropractic manipulation was then delivered to the most restricted segments in the cervical spine. In group 2, needling of six predetermined acupuncture points for relieving tension-type headache was performed bilaterally. The same treatment procedure was administered at sessions one through six, the CROM readings and questionnaires were taken in sessions one, three, five and seven. Results: The results were obtained by using the Mann-Whitney U and t-test. No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups, when comparing the 2 treatment methods at the visits. However, both groups showed a statistically significant improvement over time within each group individually for subjective measurements and for right lateral flexion in the objective measurements. Conclusion: The results were inconclusive with regards to the prolonged effects of chiropractic manipulation and needling of acupuncture points on cervical spine range of motion in patients with tension-type headache. However, it was concluded that both methods of treatment had beneficial effects on how the participants perceived their pain and disability. Due to the small group of subjects and relatively short duration of the study, accurate conclusions could not be formulated. The findings obtained were insignificant and further research needs to be performed on the effects of cervical spine manipulation and needling of acupuncture points on those suffering with tension-type headache.
- Full Text:
The effectiveness of a cervical support pillow in combination with cervical manipulation versus cervical manipulation alone in the management of cervicogenic headache
- Authors: Ross, Claire- Ann.
- Date: 2014-07-23
- Subjects: Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Headache - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/381795 , uj:11814 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11536
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of a cervical support pillow in conjunction with correcting abnormal cervical spine biomechanical function (by intervention of high-speed, low-amplitude spinal manipulation in the cervical spine) versus correcting abnormal cervical spine biomechanical function alone, to determine which is the most effective treatment protocol for cervicogenic headache. Thirty-two subjects suffering from frequent, chronic headaches who fulfilled the International Headache Society criteria for cervicogenic headache participated in the investigation. These subjects were recruited from 70 headache sufferers who responded to newspaper and poster advertisements. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups as they enrolled for participation. The sixteen patients in group one received cervical spine manipulation twice a week for three weeks. The other sixteen patients received cervical spine manipulation twice a week for three weeks and used a cervical support pillow for sleeping over the three-week period. The main outcome measures included the following: Patients completed a daily headache diary. This monitored the change from week one to week three in analgesic use per day, headache intensity per episode, headache frequency per week and number of headache hours experienced per day. Cervical active range of motion readings were taken at all consultations prior to treatment, using a goniometer. A Neck Pain and Disability Index (Vernon- Mior) Questionnaire and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 were completed by each patient at the initial, second, fourth and sixth visits. In conclusion, it cannot be denied that the combination of a cervical support pillow and correction of cervical spine joint complex dysfunction using standard chiropractic manipulative techniques is a more effective treatment protocol for the management of cervicogenic headache, as it has a far greater benefit with regard to improving the ranges of motion of the cervical spine and a similar effect in improving patient's perception of pain intensity, headache frequency, headache duration and level of functional disability as related to cervicogenic headache, than manipulation of joint complex dysfunction in the cervical spine alone. The short-term symptomatic relief and long-term goals of chiropractic management for cervicogenic headache with specific chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy may be improved by combining the use of a cervical support pillow to this already beneficial and effective protocol.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ross, Claire- Ann.
- Date: 2014-07-23
- Subjects: Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Headache - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/381795 , uj:11814 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11536
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of a cervical support pillow in conjunction with correcting abnormal cervical spine biomechanical function (by intervention of high-speed, low-amplitude spinal manipulation in the cervical spine) versus correcting abnormal cervical spine biomechanical function alone, to determine which is the most effective treatment protocol for cervicogenic headache. Thirty-two subjects suffering from frequent, chronic headaches who fulfilled the International Headache Society criteria for cervicogenic headache participated in the investigation. These subjects were recruited from 70 headache sufferers who responded to newspaper and poster advertisements. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups as they enrolled for participation. The sixteen patients in group one received cervical spine manipulation twice a week for three weeks. The other sixteen patients received cervical spine manipulation twice a week for three weeks and used a cervical support pillow for sleeping over the three-week period. The main outcome measures included the following: Patients completed a daily headache diary. This monitored the change from week one to week three in analgesic use per day, headache intensity per episode, headache frequency per week and number of headache hours experienced per day. Cervical active range of motion readings were taken at all consultations prior to treatment, using a goniometer. A Neck Pain and Disability Index (Vernon- Mior) Questionnaire and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 were completed by each patient at the initial, second, fourth and sixth visits. In conclusion, it cannot be denied that the combination of a cervical support pillow and correction of cervical spine joint complex dysfunction using standard chiropractic manipulative techniques is a more effective treatment protocol for the management of cervicogenic headache, as it has a far greater benefit with regard to improving the ranges of motion of the cervical spine and a similar effect in improving patient's perception of pain intensity, headache frequency, headache duration and level of functional disability as related to cervicogenic headache, than manipulation of joint complex dysfunction in the cervical spine alone. The short-term symptomatic relief and long-term goals of chiropractic management for cervicogenic headache with specific chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy may be improved by combining the use of a cervical support pillow to this already beneficial and effective protocol.
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The effect of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation in conjunction with muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles in the treatment of tension-type headaches
- Authors: Seejarim, Tanita
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Stretch (Physiology) , Spinal adjustment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124391 , uj:20910
- Description: Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation and muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles in relieving tension-type headaches. This study was also used to determine which treatment protocol would be most effective in relieving tension-type headaches, cervical spine chiropractic manipulation, muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles or a combination of both treatment protocols. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized clinical study was used in this research study. SETTING: University of Johannesburg, Chiropractic Day Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS: A total of thirty participants were used, male and female, between the ages of 18-50. The participants were divided into three groups, with each group consisting of ten participants. Group 1 received cervical spine manipulations; Group 2 received muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles and Group 3 a combination of cervical spine manipulation and muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles. METHODS: Prior to becoming a participant, each individual was assessed according to an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thereafter participants had to read and sign relevant information and consent forms. A full case history, physical examination and cervical spine regional examination was then completed. PROCEDURE: Subjective data was collected from the participants using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Headache Impact Questionnaire. Objective data was collected from the participants by using the Cervical Range of Motion Device and Pressure Algometer. Objective and subjective data was collected prior to the 1st and 4th treatment consultations and at the 7th final consultation. Each participant was treated six times, over a three-week period depending on the group they fell into. An additional 7th consultation was done to obtain objective and subjective data... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Seejarim, Tanita
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Stretch (Physiology) , Spinal adjustment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124391 , uj:20910
- Description: Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation and muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles in relieving tension-type headaches. This study was also used to determine which treatment protocol would be most effective in relieving tension-type headaches, cervical spine chiropractic manipulation, muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles or a combination of both treatment protocols. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized clinical study was used in this research study. SETTING: University of Johannesburg, Chiropractic Day Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS: A total of thirty participants were used, male and female, between the ages of 18-50. The participants were divided into three groups, with each group consisting of ten participants. Group 1 received cervical spine manipulations; Group 2 received muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles and Group 3 a combination of cervical spine manipulation and muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles. METHODS: Prior to becoming a participant, each individual was assessed according to an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thereafter participants had to read and sign relevant information and consent forms. A full case history, physical examination and cervical spine regional examination was then completed. PROCEDURE: Subjective data was collected from the participants using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Headache Impact Questionnaire. Objective data was collected from the participants by using the Cervical Range of Motion Device and Pressure Algometer. Objective and subjective data was collected prior to the 1st and 4th treatment consultations and at the 7th final consultation. Each participant was treated six times, over a three-week period depending on the group they fell into. An additional 7th consultation was done to obtain objective and subjective data... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effects of a chiropractic approach to the temporomandibular joint in chronic headaches
- Authors: Van Praag, Michela
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Temporomandibular joint - Chiropractic treatment , Headache - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292961 , uj:31845
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: 14% to 26% of headache sufferers are experiencing their symptoms due to temporomandibular dysfunction. Manual therapy has been shown to relieve the common myofascial symptoms associated with temporomandibular joint disorders. However, the possible effect of this treatment on headaches originating from the temporomandibular joint has not been sufficiently explored. The aim of this study was thus to determine the effects of a chiropractic approach to the temporomandibular joint in patients with chronic headaches. Method: This study consisted of one group of 30 participants, between the ages of 18-57. Each participant was accepted into the study based on their compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant received a combination of chiropractic manipulation to the temporomandibular joint and cervical spine, dry needling of the masseter and temporalis muscles, active release of the medial and lateral pterygoids and jaw stretching exercises. Procedure: Treatment consisted of 6 treatment sessions and one additional session for readings only. Subjective and objective readings were taken at the first, fourth and seventh sessions. Subjective data collected was in the form of the TMJ Scale and a Headache Screening Questionnaire. Objective data collected was in the form of mouth opening capability and algometer readings of the trigger points needled. Results: Each muscle needled showed a statistically significant improvement (p≤0.05). Mouth opening capability showed no statistically significant improvement (p>0.05). Of the 13 groups of questions analyzed in the TMJ Scale, only 5 groups did not show a statistically significant improvement (p>0.05). The group of questions relating specifically to headaches and headache symptoms showed a statistically significant... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Praag, Michela
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Temporomandibular joint - Chiropractic treatment , Headache - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292961 , uj:31845
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: 14% to 26% of headache sufferers are experiencing their symptoms due to temporomandibular dysfunction. Manual therapy has been shown to relieve the common myofascial symptoms associated with temporomandibular joint disorders. However, the possible effect of this treatment on headaches originating from the temporomandibular joint has not been sufficiently explored. The aim of this study was thus to determine the effects of a chiropractic approach to the temporomandibular joint in patients with chronic headaches. Method: This study consisted of one group of 30 participants, between the ages of 18-57. Each participant was accepted into the study based on their compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant received a combination of chiropractic manipulation to the temporomandibular joint and cervical spine, dry needling of the masseter and temporalis muscles, active release of the medial and lateral pterygoids and jaw stretching exercises. Procedure: Treatment consisted of 6 treatment sessions and one additional session for readings only. Subjective and objective readings were taken at the first, fourth and seventh sessions. Subjective data collected was in the form of the TMJ Scale and a Headache Screening Questionnaire. Objective data collected was in the form of mouth opening capability and algometer readings of the trigger points needled. Results: Each muscle needled showed a statistically significant improvement (p≤0.05). Mouth opening capability showed no statistically significant improvement (p>0.05). Of the 13 groups of questions analyzed in the TMJ Scale, only 5 groups did not show a statistically significant improvement (p>0.05). The group of questions relating specifically to headaches and headache symptoms showed a statistically significant... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
The efficacy of upper cervical manipulative therapy in the treatment of cervicogenic headache
- Authors: Workman, Simon John
- Date: 2011-06-22T10:54:13Z
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7132 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3724
- Description: M.Tech. , The most common cause of chronic cervicogenic headache is believed to be mechanical pain from the muscles, ligaments and joints of the upper cervical spine (Hubka and Hall, 1994). Much controversy and debate surrounds all aspects of cervicogenic headache, including the aetiology and treatment of these headaches. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation of the upper cervical spine alone as a treatment form for cervicogenic headache, with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Method: This study consisted of a single group of thirty participants between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five, with a half male to female ratio. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The only method of treatment administered to each participant was chiropractic manipulation, delivered to restrictions of the upper cervical spine, from which the objective and subjective findings were based. Procedure: Treatment consisted of seven consultations, with two consultations being performed per week. Objective data and subjective data was taken at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Objective data consisted of cervical range of motion readings taken using a Cervical Range of Motion measuring instrument (CROM). The subjective data collected was in the form of a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Spinal manipulative therapy based on restrictions identified during motion palpation was applied at the first six consultations with the seventh consultation consisting of data gathering only. Results: Clinically and statistically, significant improvements in the entire group were noted over the course of the treatment with regards to cervical range of motion, pain and disability. Conclusion: The results show that upper cervical spine manipulation is effective, both clinically and statistically, in decreasing pain and disability and increasing cervical spine vi range of motion in those with cervicogenic headache. As the study consisted of a small group of participants treated as a single group, further study is needed in the form of randomised, controlled clinical trials.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Workman, Simon John
- Date: 2011-06-22T10:54:13Z
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7132 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3724
- Description: M.Tech. , The most common cause of chronic cervicogenic headache is believed to be mechanical pain from the muscles, ligaments and joints of the upper cervical spine (Hubka and Hall, 1994). Much controversy and debate surrounds all aspects of cervicogenic headache, including the aetiology and treatment of these headaches. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation of the upper cervical spine alone as a treatment form for cervicogenic headache, with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. Method: This study consisted of a single group of thirty participants between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five, with a half male to female ratio. The potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The only method of treatment administered to each participant was chiropractic manipulation, delivered to restrictions of the upper cervical spine, from which the objective and subjective findings were based. Procedure: Treatment consisted of seven consultations, with two consultations being performed per week. Objective data and subjective data was taken at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Objective data consisted of cervical range of motion readings taken using a Cervical Range of Motion measuring instrument (CROM). The subjective data collected was in the form of a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Spinal manipulative therapy based on restrictions identified during motion palpation was applied at the first six consultations with the seventh consultation consisting of data gathering only. Results: Clinically and statistically, significant improvements in the entire group were noted over the course of the treatment with regards to cervical range of motion, pain and disability. Conclusion: The results show that upper cervical spine manipulation is effective, both clinically and statistically, in decreasing pain and disability and increasing cervical spine vi range of motion in those with cervicogenic headache. As the study consisted of a small group of participants treated as a single group, further study is needed in the form of randomised, controlled clinical trials.
- Full Text:
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