Exposure to violence and beliefs about violence against women among adolescents in Nigeria and South Africa
- Fakunmoju, Sunday B., Rasool, Shahana
- Authors: Fakunmoju, Sunday B. , Rasool, Shahana
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Adolescent exposure to violence , Gender-based violence , Violence against women
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289994 , uj:31474 , Citation: Fakunmoju, S.B. & Rasool, S. 2018. Exposure to violence and beliefs about violence against women among adolescents in Nigeria and South Africa. SAGE Open October-December 2018: 1– 17 © The Author(s) 2018 DOI: 10.1177/2158244018817591 journals.sagepub.com/home/sgo
- Description: Abstract: Although adolescents’ exposure to violence and oppressive gender attitudes is prevalent, comparative knowledge across countries is sparse. This study examined exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), family violence, and beliefs about violence against women (VAW) in a convenience sample of 2,462 adolescents from 44 schools in Nigeria and South Africa. Findings suggested that exposure to IPV, family violence, and beliefs about VAW differed by gender and country. Specifically, adolescents from Nigeria were more likely to be exposed to IPV and family violence and were more likely to endorse VAW than adolescents from South Africa. Male adolescents were more likely to endorse VAW than were female adolescents. Similarly, higher age, being male, being from Nigeria, being in a relationship, and greater exposure to family violence were associated with higher endorsement of VAW. Findings suggest that effective prevention programs are needed in both countries to mitigate exposure to IPV and family violence. Concerted efforts are also required to work with exposed adolescents to inhibit pro-VAW beliefs and stop the intergenerational transmission of violence. Additional implications of findings for policy, practice, and research are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fakunmoju, Sunday B. , Rasool, Shahana
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Adolescent exposure to violence , Gender-based violence , Violence against women
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289994 , uj:31474 , Citation: Fakunmoju, S.B. & Rasool, S. 2018. Exposure to violence and beliefs about violence against women among adolescents in Nigeria and South Africa. SAGE Open October-December 2018: 1– 17 © The Author(s) 2018 DOI: 10.1177/2158244018817591 journals.sagepub.com/home/sgo
- Description: Abstract: Although adolescents’ exposure to violence and oppressive gender attitudes is prevalent, comparative knowledge across countries is sparse. This study examined exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), family violence, and beliefs about violence against women (VAW) in a convenience sample of 2,462 adolescents from 44 schools in Nigeria and South Africa. Findings suggested that exposure to IPV, family violence, and beliefs about VAW differed by gender and country. Specifically, adolescents from Nigeria were more likely to be exposed to IPV and family violence and were more likely to endorse VAW than adolescents from South Africa. Male adolescents were more likely to endorse VAW than were female adolescents. Similarly, higher age, being male, being from Nigeria, being in a relationship, and greater exposure to family violence were associated with higher endorsement of VAW. Findings suggest that effective prevention programs are needed in both countries to mitigate exposure to IPV and family violence. Concerted efforts are also required to work with exposed adolescents to inhibit pro-VAW beliefs and stop the intergenerational transmission of violence. Additional implications of findings for policy, practice, and research are discussed.
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Adolescent reports of experiencing gender based violence : findings from a cross-sectional survey from schools in a South African city
- Authors: Rasool, Shahana
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Gender-based violence , Adolescents , Reporting
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/245042 , uj:25352 , Citation: Rasool, S. 2017. Adolescent reports of experiencing gender based violence : findings from a cross-sectional survey from schools in a South African city.
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this paper is to describe adolescent reports of gender based violence (GBV) based on a cross-sectional survey conducted with grade 8 boys and girls in high schools. . Self-completed paper based surveys were implemented with 1756 adolescents in 24 Johannesburg high schools in 2012 and with 2202 adolescents based at 30 Johannesburg high schools in 2013. Consent was required from both parents and learner in order for learners to participate. The results show high levels of GBV among adolescents, though fewer adolescents reported in 2013 than 2012. Boys were significantly more likely than girls to report experiencing all types of GBV, except for three physical GBV indicators in 2013. A specific indicator asked about rape and threats of rape. Whilst these figures were lower than asking about specific incidents of sexual violence, rates of rape were still between 8-11 %. The majority of perpetrators of rape and threats of rape were male. Adolescents were more likely to report experiences to family and friends, rather than authorities. Although a quarter of perpetrators were strangers, more were known to the victim. Findings suggest that adolescents are experiencing high levels of GBV from those known to them. Hence, there is a need for more accessible options for reporting and supporting adolescents to deal with these experiences, such as social workers in schools. Intervention and prevention strategies to deal with GBV are urgently required in the school context with both boys and girls as part of the curriculum.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rasool, Shahana
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Gender-based violence , Adolescents , Reporting
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/245042 , uj:25352 , Citation: Rasool, S. 2017. Adolescent reports of experiencing gender based violence : findings from a cross-sectional survey from schools in a South African city.
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this paper is to describe adolescent reports of gender based violence (GBV) based on a cross-sectional survey conducted with grade 8 boys and girls in high schools. . Self-completed paper based surveys were implemented with 1756 adolescents in 24 Johannesburg high schools in 2012 and with 2202 adolescents based at 30 Johannesburg high schools in 2013. Consent was required from both parents and learner in order for learners to participate. The results show high levels of GBV among adolescents, though fewer adolescents reported in 2013 than 2012. Boys were significantly more likely than girls to report experiencing all types of GBV, except for three physical GBV indicators in 2013. A specific indicator asked about rape and threats of rape. Whilst these figures were lower than asking about specific incidents of sexual violence, rates of rape were still between 8-11 %. The majority of perpetrators of rape and threats of rape were male. Adolescents were more likely to report experiences to family and friends, rather than authorities. Although a quarter of perpetrators were strangers, more were known to the victim. Findings suggest that adolescents are experiencing high levels of GBV from those known to them. Hence, there is a need for more accessible options for reporting and supporting adolescents to deal with these experiences, such as social workers in schools. Intervention and prevention strategies to deal with GBV are urgently required in the school context with both boys and girls as part of the curriculum.
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The imperilled right to life, femicide crisis in South Africa : critical considerations for legislators
- Authors: Sithomola, T.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Femicide , Gender-based violence , Human rights
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/426264 , uj:36556 , Sithomola, T. 2020. The imperilled right to life, femicide crisis in South Africa : critical considerations for legislators. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9:74-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.08
- Description: Abstract: Femicide is one of the most atrocious acts that are principal causes of premature deaths of women and girls who experience gender-based violence in South Africa. These violent acts that are mainly perpetrated by their male counterparts include inter alia, physical, emotional, psychological and economic violence. Constitutionally, everyone has the right to life, however; the mass killings of women in the hands of males, categorically implies clear inadequacies of the state apparatus to guarantee this valuable human right to women and girls in South Africa. Consulted literature reveals that little has been done in terms of scholarly interrogation of the right to life for women against the heinous femicide crimes committed with no regard for women’s human rights in South Africa. Aim: to explore the deprivation of right to life of those who have fallen victims to the national crisis of femicide. Methodology: for the purpose of this article, the author adopted a qualitative research approach where a variety of nonempirical methods and techniques were employed. The methodological inclination entails a desktop analysis by a means of intensive literature study where information produced has been scholarly scrutinised through a process of intellectual analysis, categorisation, integration, reflection and synthesis where meanings were ascribed to the main themes of this article. Findings: It has been deduced that there are legislative shortcomings that need urgent lawmakers’ attention in order to protect women’s right to life. This implies that femicide law is vital to curb the spate of arbitrary killings of women and girls in South Africa. Additional measures to consider include school-curriculum preemptive programmes and community-based advocacy programmes to create a society that honours women’s right to life.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sithomola, T.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Femicide , Gender-based violence , Human rights
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/426264 , uj:36556 , Sithomola, T. 2020. The imperilled right to life, femicide crisis in South Africa : critical considerations for legislators. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9:74-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.08
- Description: Abstract: Femicide is one of the most atrocious acts that are principal causes of premature deaths of women and girls who experience gender-based violence in South Africa. These violent acts that are mainly perpetrated by their male counterparts include inter alia, physical, emotional, psychological and economic violence. Constitutionally, everyone has the right to life, however; the mass killings of women in the hands of males, categorically implies clear inadequacies of the state apparatus to guarantee this valuable human right to women and girls in South Africa. Consulted literature reveals that little has been done in terms of scholarly interrogation of the right to life for women against the heinous femicide crimes committed with no regard for women’s human rights in South Africa. Aim: to explore the deprivation of right to life of those who have fallen victims to the national crisis of femicide. Methodology: for the purpose of this article, the author adopted a qualitative research approach where a variety of nonempirical methods and techniques were employed. The methodological inclination entails a desktop analysis by a means of intensive literature study where information produced has been scholarly scrutinised through a process of intellectual analysis, categorisation, integration, reflection and synthesis where meanings were ascribed to the main themes of this article. Findings: It has been deduced that there are legislative shortcomings that need urgent lawmakers’ attention in order to protect women’s right to life. This implies that femicide law is vital to curb the spate of arbitrary killings of women and girls in South Africa. Additional measures to consider include school-curriculum preemptive programmes and community-based advocacy programmes to create a society that honours women’s right to life.
- Full Text:
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