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Establishing static balance profiles using the Biodex Balance System in South African adults residing in the Johannesburg metropolitan area

- Ferreira, Simoné

  • Authors: Ferreira, Simoné
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Equilibrium (Physiology) , Gender mainstreaming , Movement sequences
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/285739 , uj:30906
  • Description: Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ability to balance allows human beings to maintain positional equilibrium by coordinating internal and external forces applied to the body. Balance is a motor skill needed by all individuals and can be influenced by both age and gender. An inability to maintain balance, poses a risk of falling and injury. AIM: The aim of this study was to establish static balance profiles for adult men and women. METHODS: This study followed a quantitative descriptive and comparative cohort research design to establish and compare balance profiles for adult men and women. The population consisted of healthy adult men and women between the ages of 18 and 55 residing in the Johannesburg Metropolitan area. A total of 161 participants who volunteered passed the inclusion criteria. The Biodex Balance System was used to assess static balance, using four different balance protocols: Double-leg stable, double-leg unstable, single-leg stable left and right leg and single-leg unstable left and right leg. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric methods were used to analyse the data. All balance tests conducted using the unstable setting, was conducted at level 8. Balance data was reported using the overall stability index. The significance level of all the statistical tests was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The results of the current study showed that females performed significantly better than males in most of the balance tests performed. There was a significant difference in postural balance between the different age groups in the current study, and balance ability started to decline significantly after the age of 30. Although there were significant correlations between both stature and body weight, and balance ability, these correlations were low and they were poor predictors of balance ability. Thus, both gender and age had significant effects on balance ability in adults and these aspects should be taken into account when comparing test results of individual patients to that of norms and reference values. CONCLUSIONS: The current study’s main contribution was thus, to establish reference values for static balance in male and female adults (aged between 18 and 55 years) residing within the Johannesburg Metropolitan area. Future research may be performed in other regions of South Africa and on other age groups. , M.Phil. (Biokinetics)
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Gender mainstreaming in local economic development processes : a South African perspective

- Vyas-Doorgapersad, Shikha

  • Authors: Vyas-Doorgapersad, Shikha
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Gender , Gender equality , Gender mainstreaming
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/250830 , uj:26147 , Citation: Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. 2017. Gender mainstreaming in local economic development processes : a South African perspective.
  • Description: Abstract: The United Nations Millennium Development Goal [MDG] (Goal 1; Poverty reduction) in South Africa had not achieved all of its set targets. There are still economic disparities complemented by a wide ranging pollution-tounemployment ratio creating gender-differentiation in poverty outcomes. MDG Goal 3 (Gender equality and women empowerment) also existed in isolation and was not explicitly aligned with other goals. The post-MDG review led to the establishment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Goal 1: poverty elimination and Goal 6: gender equality). In order to eradicate poverty and advance economic empowerment of households, the Local Economic Development (LED) programme has since been implemented in South African municipalities. The aim of the article is to explore the missing element of gender in development policies and goals. The purpose therefore is to align gender to local economic development in municipalities. A qualitative research design was planned to gather relevant information. A review of LED documents explores the gender exclusion in the LED processes. Gender differences, inequality, unequal access to resources, and unequal employment opportunities may lead to economic collapse. The article offers recommendations for improvement.
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Factors influencing the implementation of the strategic framework for gender equality within the South African public service

- Bangani, Ayola

  • Authors: Bangani, Ayola
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Gender mainstreaming , Equality
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402664 , uj:33706
  • Description: Abstract : This study focuses on the South African Strategic Framework for Gender Equality within the Public Service (2006-2015). The study is qualitative in nature and performed literature and documentary reviews of official reports. It utilised an unobtrusive method for the research. This study provides a conceptual framework gained from the relevant literature in an effort to explain the issues, concerns and challenges related to gender equality. The study contextualises factors that affect the effective implementation of the Strategic Framework for Gender Equality within the Public Service. The realisation of gender equality and women’s empowerment in a broader perspective forms part of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5. This study recommends that all South African public service departments need to gain knowledge and awareness regarding gender mainstreaming and gender equality through workshops and short courses; and the human resource (HR) management processes in the public service need to be gender based; gender mainstreaming and equality processes and structures need to be established, integrated, and functioning efficiently. The study also suggests that that all public service departments submit a gender mainstreaming and equality report annually to the Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA) for assessment to identify gaps in the implementation of the Strategic Framework for Gender Equality within the South African Public Service. These corrective measures may improve gender equality in the public service, hence meeting the goals of SDG 5 (gender equality and women’s empowerment) at large. , M.A. (Public Management and Governance)
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Evaluation of a gender - based violence sensitization programme for school - going male adolescents

- Khan, Nabeelah

  • Authors: Khan, Nabeelah
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Gender mainstreaming , Family violence , Marital violence
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/294727 , uj:32075
  • Description: M.A. (Clinical Social Work) , Abstract: Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a global social phenomenon with up to 70 percent of women reporting exposure to some form of GBV in their lifetime (World Health Organization, 2012). Johannesburg is considered to be one of the most violent cities in the world and termed the “rape capital of the world” (World Report on Violence and Health, 2002). Flood (2007) suggests that a key determinant of such widespread GBV can be attributed to gender attitudes. Gender attitudes are established early in the development cycle of young people; hence this study aimed to test an intervention in high school, aimed at dealing with gender attitudes. A quasi - experimental mixed methods research design was conducted with 13 male adolescents at a government high school in Gauteng to ascertain their knowledge, attitudes and practices of GBV. A pre-post-test questionnaire was developed with measurement tools adopted from a collection of assessments and data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. Data was captured and analysed using non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test to determine the statistical significance of the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the participants, to measure attitude changes. An eight-week socialization group, based on the recommendations from the Stepping stones program, constituted the intervention program. Qualitative data was obtained from the discussions of this program and observations of research participants. The intervention program yielded varying results in developing knowledge and changing the underlying gender attitudes that contribute to GBV with school going male adolescents. Constructs that showed a positive impact included couple violence, attitudes towards women and male on female violence. A moderate impact was noticed on three constructs which were general dating violence, gender norms and gender stereotyping. Only a small impact was evident on three constructs, namely: perpetration in dating relationships, female on male violence and experiences of violence. Overall the program was successful in some areas and had minimal impact in other areas. More long-term and consistent interventions are required with boys and longitudinal study, are some of the key recommendations.
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The implementation of gender equality within the South African Public Service (1994–2019)

- Bangani, Ayola, Vyas-Doorgapersad, Shikha

The relationship between the principle of distinction and the principle of proportionality, with particular focus on sexual and gender-based violence during asymmetrical warfare

- Kruger, Nicole Clare

  • Authors: Kruger, Nicole Clare
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Humanitarian law , Distinction (Philosophy) , Proportionality in law , Sex crimes , Gender mainstreaming , Crimes against humanity - Rwanda , Crimes against humanity - Yugoslavia , Crimes against humanity - Syria , War (International law) , Geneva Conventions (1949)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/421545 , uj:35935
  • Description: Abstract: This minor-dissertation will critically analyse the relationship between two of the general principles of IHL, namely, the principle of distinction and the principle of proportionality, illustrating that the principle of distinction should be associated with a higher level of significance than the principle of proportionality. In this regard, the argument will be made that the focus should not be placed on what methods and weapons of warfare are being used, but rather on how and against whom the methods and weapons are utilised. This view will be demonstrated by way of an analysis of the real-world eventualities of war, particularly the fact that most atrocities that are committed during times of armed conflict are committed through the use of low-tech weapons and tactics such as sexual and gender-based violence and other tactics resorted to in asymmetrical conflicts. Although the provisions of Customary International Law, Common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II provide recourse in the case of sexual and gender-based violence, it will be argued that the overarching general principle of distinction should be more extensively relied upon and more effectively applied in an attempt to rectify the current state of affairs. This section of the dissertation will rely on the examples of the Rwandan Genocide, the genocide that transpired in the former Yugoslavia, and the conflict that is currently transpiring in Syria. This dissertation will conclude with proposals of reform in order to improve the practical application of the general principles of IHL so as to bolster the protection afforded to civilians in modern armed conflicts. In this regard, it will ultimately be concluded that the principle of distinction should be applied more stringently in order to ensure that direct attacks against civilians are never be condoned. , LL.M. (Public International Law)
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