Economic integration and trade liberalisation in the Southern African Development Community
- Authors: Motaroki, Charles Mwebi
- Date: 2008-06-17T13:53:13Z
- Subjects: Economic integration , Southern African Development Community , Free trade
- Type: M.Com Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2921 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/634
- Description: In this study, the effects of economic integration and trade liberalisation are examined. This is done in Africa in general, and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in particular. The factors that have hindered successful regional economic integration arrangements in the SADC and the benefits that accrue to the SADC member countries as a result of this integration are analysed. The study examines in detail the pattern and structure of trade in the SADC region. The new dimension of economic integration where SADC countries have shifted their approach from North-South to South-South integration, because of the greater benefits that accrue to SADC members as a result of this new approach are analysed. The study finds that there is significant trade taking place between Asian economies and the SADC and Sub-Saharan African countries. The United States is also becoming a major trading partner of oil-rich Sub-Saharan African countries. However, though growing, there is little trade taking place between the SADC countries and the rest of Africa. The study also finds that the SADC countries are mainly exporters of primary products, but their imports mostly consists of manufactured and capital goods. Finally, the study investigates the links between trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI) and levels of employment in 9 SADC countries. The study finds that both trade openness, and FDI have a positive effect on employment levels in SADC. In particular, a 1-percentage increase in FDI leads to 0,048 per cent increase in total employment in SADC. While a 1-percentage increase in trade openness leads to 13,4 per cent increase in total employment. These findings suggest that trade openness plays a more important role in creating employment in the SADC region than FDI. , Mr. Phillip F. Blaauw Prof. Ronald R. Mears
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- Authors: Motaroki, Charles Mwebi
- Date: 2008-06-17T13:53:13Z
- Subjects: Economic integration , Southern African Development Community , Free trade
- Type: M.Com Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2921 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/634
- Description: In this study, the effects of economic integration and trade liberalisation are examined. This is done in Africa in general, and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in particular. The factors that have hindered successful regional economic integration arrangements in the SADC and the benefits that accrue to the SADC member countries as a result of this integration are analysed. The study examines in detail the pattern and structure of trade in the SADC region. The new dimension of economic integration where SADC countries have shifted their approach from North-South to South-South integration, because of the greater benefits that accrue to SADC members as a result of this new approach are analysed. The study finds that there is significant trade taking place between Asian economies and the SADC and Sub-Saharan African countries. The United States is also becoming a major trading partner of oil-rich Sub-Saharan African countries. However, though growing, there is little trade taking place between the SADC countries and the rest of Africa. The study also finds that the SADC countries are mainly exporters of primary products, but their imports mostly consists of manufactured and capital goods. Finally, the study investigates the links between trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI) and levels of employment in 9 SADC countries. The study finds that both trade openness, and FDI have a positive effect on employment levels in SADC. In particular, a 1-percentage increase in FDI leads to 0,048 per cent increase in total employment in SADC. While a 1-percentage increase in trade openness leads to 13,4 per cent increase in total employment. These findings suggest that trade openness plays a more important role in creating employment in the SADC region than FDI. , Mr. Phillip F. Blaauw Prof. Ronald R. Mears
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Terra Nullius : a space in which all are equal, a space that belongs to nobody
- Authors: Bedhesi, Kshir
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Space (Architecture) , Free trade , Land tenure - Political aspects , Architecture - Réunion
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/293226 , uj:31879
- Description: M.Tech. (Architecture) , Abstract: In Latin, the term terra nullius means ‘land belonging to nobody, a term that, in itself, is derived from Roman law, where res nullius means ‘nobody’s property.’ It is at once a legal term and a legal fiction (i.e. something which may not be true but is assumed to be so in order to facilitate legal findings). In the colonial or imperial context, terra nullius is an important concept since it sets up the expectation that ‘empty land’ is both appropriate and legally justifiably ready for appropriation or conquest. In this framework, ‘discovered’ lands (generally by European explorers) were, or are, ‘empty’. Réunion Island, an ‘overseas’ department (region) of France, is an island of contradictions. It lays waste to the notion or idea of a national singular identity. Ethnic groups on the island include people of African, Indian, European, Malagasy, and Chinese origin. There are no indigenous people, since the island was originally uninhabited. All Réunionese, therefore, come from ‘somewhere else’. Since France does not include questions of ethnicity or race on its national census, it is not possible to determine the exact degree and percentage of créolisation on the island, although it is estimated that créoles (people of mixed racial and ethnic ancestry) make up approximately 60% of the population. My Major Design Project will attempt to explore the idea of a terra nullius (a land belonging to no one, an empty land) through the design of a ‘free trade’ zone, also known as a hetrarchy, a space in which all elements share the same horizontal positions of power and authority. Drawing on Eyal Weizman’s reading of ‘smooth space’, a space in which borders have no effect (Weizman 2007), the Free Trade Ministry will attempt to explore questions of identity, belonging, hierarchy and hetrarchy, institutionalised power and anarchy in spatial and material terms. According to Lebbeus Woods, whilst a ‘smooth space’ may be referred to as a ‘zone of crisis’, it is also true that ‘zones of crises are the only places where actualities of the dominant culture are confronted, and from which new ideas essential to the growth of new culture, can emerge.’ (Woods 1997:14). The project is located along a 3.2km stretch of the island’s outermost edge, beginning with the existing Port Authority and ‘spilling out’ into both the sea and the public land surrounding it. It will take the form of both a landscape and a formal building, although split into several discrete elements or interventions. Following Woods, the Free Trade Zone is intentionally uncomfortable, aimed at disrupting our comfortable, bourgeois and essentially Western ideas of space, form, and programme. ‘You can’t bring your old habits here. If you want to participate, you will have to reinvent yourself.’ (qtd in Ouroussoff, Nicolai. New York Times, August 2th, 2008). Using terms such as ‘guise’, ‘cognitive dissonance’, ‘subversion’ and ‘terra nullius’, the project aims to design the impossible, a place in crisis, a ‘smooth space’ in which all are equal, neutral before the law.
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- Authors: Bedhesi, Kshir
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Space (Architecture) , Free trade , Land tenure - Political aspects , Architecture - Réunion
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/293226 , uj:31879
- Description: M.Tech. (Architecture) , Abstract: In Latin, the term terra nullius means ‘land belonging to nobody, a term that, in itself, is derived from Roman law, where res nullius means ‘nobody’s property.’ It is at once a legal term and a legal fiction (i.e. something which may not be true but is assumed to be so in order to facilitate legal findings). In the colonial or imperial context, terra nullius is an important concept since it sets up the expectation that ‘empty land’ is both appropriate and legally justifiably ready for appropriation or conquest. In this framework, ‘discovered’ lands (generally by European explorers) were, or are, ‘empty’. Réunion Island, an ‘overseas’ department (region) of France, is an island of contradictions. It lays waste to the notion or idea of a national singular identity. Ethnic groups on the island include people of African, Indian, European, Malagasy, and Chinese origin. There are no indigenous people, since the island was originally uninhabited. All Réunionese, therefore, come from ‘somewhere else’. Since France does not include questions of ethnicity or race on its national census, it is not possible to determine the exact degree and percentage of créolisation on the island, although it is estimated that créoles (people of mixed racial and ethnic ancestry) make up approximately 60% of the population. My Major Design Project will attempt to explore the idea of a terra nullius (a land belonging to no one, an empty land) through the design of a ‘free trade’ zone, also known as a hetrarchy, a space in which all elements share the same horizontal positions of power and authority. Drawing on Eyal Weizman’s reading of ‘smooth space’, a space in which borders have no effect (Weizman 2007), the Free Trade Ministry will attempt to explore questions of identity, belonging, hierarchy and hetrarchy, institutionalised power and anarchy in spatial and material terms. According to Lebbeus Woods, whilst a ‘smooth space’ may be referred to as a ‘zone of crisis’, it is also true that ‘zones of crises are the only places where actualities of the dominant culture are confronted, and from which new ideas essential to the growth of new culture, can emerge.’ (Woods 1997:14). The project is located along a 3.2km stretch of the island’s outermost edge, beginning with the existing Port Authority and ‘spilling out’ into both the sea and the public land surrounding it. It will take the form of both a landscape and a formal building, although split into several discrete elements or interventions. Following Woods, the Free Trade Zone is intentionally uncomfortable, aimed at disrupting our comfortable, bourgeois and essentially Western ideas of space, form, and programme. ‘You can’t bring your old habits here. If you want to participate, you will have to reinvent yourself.’ (qtd in Ouroussoff, Nicolai. New York Times, August 2th, 2008). Using terms such as ‘guise’, ‘cognitive dissonance’, ‘subversion’ and ‘terra nullius’, the project aims to design the impossible, a place in crisis, a ‘smooth space’ in which all are equal, neutral before the law.
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The effects of trade liberalisation on employment and inequality in South Africa
- Authors: Makhetha, Mahali
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Free trade , Poverty - South Africa , Equality - South Africa , Unemployment - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271997 , uj:28940
- Description: M.Com. (Development Economics) , Abstract: Trade liberalisation effects on wage inequality and unemployment in South Africa from 1994 to 2007 are analysed in this paper. This is done using the two-step estimation framework, which allows for the decomposition of the effects of trade policy on wage distribution according to individual worker-specific characteristic premiums, industry-specific skills premiums, and industry-specific wage premiums and employment changes. In contrast to what the theory predicts, South Africa experienced an increase in wage inequality. This effect has not mainly taken place through changes in industry-specific wage premiums. Rather, the effect has taken place mainly through changes in industry-specific skills premiums and unemployment. These components (industry-specific skills premiums and unemployment) are therefore regarded as fundamental when it comes to policy formulation.
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- Authors: Makhetha, Mahali
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Free trade , Poverty - South Africa , Equality - South Africa , Unemployment - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271997 , uj:28940
- Description: M.Com. (Development Economics) , Abstract: Trade liberalisation effects on wage inequality and unemployment in South Africa from 1994 to 2007 are analysed in this paper. This is done using the two-step estimation framework, which allows for the decomposition of the effects of trade policy on wage distribution according to individual worker-specific characteristic premiums, industry-specific skills premiums, and industry-specific wage premiums and employment changes. In contrast to what the theory predicts, South Africa experienced an increase in wage inequality. This effect has not mainly taken place through changes in industry-specific wage premiums. Rather, the effect has taken place mainly through changes in industry-specific skills premiums and unemployment. These components (industry-specific skills premiums and unemployment) are therefore regarded as fundamental when it comes to policy formulation.
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Trade liberalisation and competitiveness of emerging market economies
- Authors: Çakir, Mustafa
- Date: 2009-03-11T08:46:15Z
- Subjects: Trade liberalisation , Free trade , International trade , Economic development
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:8216 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2275
- Description: MCom , In this study, the aim is to provide answers for the following questions: whether there is any positive relationship between trade liberalisation and competitiveness of emerging economies. How terms of trade affect economic growth in emerging market economies? Finally, do the emerging market economies benefit from free trade in terms of accelerated growth or they are actually harmed? There are two models used in this study to answer the above questions; the first model is the growth model and the second one is the per capita growth model. The first model determines the effects of terms of trade on the overall economic growth, and the second one determines the share of such effect on the population at large. In both models, panel data analysis is applied for eighteen emerging market economies. Based on the economic theory and the results from all the models, terms of trade does prove to have a positive effect on economic growth and standard of living. It is also found that trade liberalisation does improve economic growth which in turn leads to competitiveness. The findings indicate that there is convergence amongst the developing economies. This means that the countries are growing together and emerging economies can be expected to catch up with advanced economies.
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- Authors: Çakir, Mustafa
- Date: 2009-03-11T08:46:15Z
- Subjects: Trade liberalisation , Free trade , International trade , Economic development
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:8216 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2275
- Description: MCom , In this study, the aim is to provide answers for the following questions: whether there is any positive relationship between trade liberalisation and competitiveness of emerging economies. How terms of trade affect economic growth in emerging market economies? Finally, do the emerging market economies benefit from free trade in terms of accelerated growth or they are actually harmed? There are two models used in this study to answer the above questions; the first model is the growth model and the second one is the per capita growth model. The first model determines the effects of terms of trade on the overall economic growth, and the second one determines the share of such effect on the population at large. In both models, panel data analysis is applied for eighteen emerging market economies. Based on the economic theory and the results from all the models, terms of trade does prove to have a positive effect on economic growth and standard of living. It is also found that trade liberalisation does improve economic growth which in turn leads to competitiveness. The findings indicate that there is convergence amongst the developing economies. This means that the countries are growing together and emerging economies can be expected to catch up with advanced economies.
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