Evaluasie van volskaalse geaktiveerde slykverdikking met opgelostelugflottasie
- Authors: Bezuidenhout, Erno
- Date: 2014-02-18
- Subjects: Tailings dams , Flotation , Drinking water - Purification
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9453
- Description: M.Ing. (Civil Engineering) , The dissolved air flotation process can be used for different functions in the drinking waterand sewage treatment fields. The focus for this study was on thickening of activated sludge. At first literature was studied to identify all possible parameters. Then five plants were visited periodically and the physical layout and operating parameters were documented. With the examination of the data the different existing models were evaluated, and new relationships were investigated.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bezuidenhout, Erno
- Date: 2014-02-18
- Subjects: Tailings dams , Flotation , Drinking water - Purification
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9453
- Description: M.Ing. (Civil Engineering) , The dissolved air flotation process can be used for different functions in the drinking waterand sewage treatment fields. The focus for this study was on thickening of activated sludge. At first literature was studied to identify all possible parameters. Then five plants were visited periodically and the physical layout and operating parameters were documented. With the examination of the data the different existing models were evaluated, and new relationships were investigated.
- Full Text:
Die verfyning van inspuitnossels vir opgeloste-lug flottasie
- Authors: Rykaart, Ewoud Maritz
- Date: 2014-02-18
- Subjects: Flotation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364480 , uj:4107 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9454
- Description: M.Ing. ( Civil Engineering) , The use of dissolved-air flotation has shown a marked increase in the past decade. The practise is however still relatively unknown, and plants are still being constructed using empirical guidelines. Probably the most important aspect that should be highlighted, is the successful generating of microbubbles in the flotation tank. The microbubbles are generated when the saturator water pressure is released via a reduction nozzle. These bubbles should be homogeneous, and in the region of 100 /Lm in diameter. If these bubbles are too big, they will rise too fast, and disturb the float layer. If they rise too slowly, the retention time would be too long. The purpose of this work was to try to refine nozzle design to such a level that microbubbles can be generated with chosen size and size.distribution. Very little is however done at this stage to understand the design of nozzles. The result of this lack of knowledge, is that many flotation plants fail because of ineffective nozzles and nozzle design. Before experimenting could be started, it was necessary to acquire a better understanding of the fundamental behaviour of bubbles. A large amount of literature is available on this subject, but very little is specifically for dissolved-air flotation. It was attempted to give an overview of all the relevant literature regarding bubbles and their behaviour. Further insight is also given regarding the generation of bubbles in relation to physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. A short summary is also given of all the most commonly used commercially available nozzles, together with simple section drawings. The bubble size constitutes the most important parameter in this study, and therefore a purpose made flotation column was set up, that would simulate real life situations. Photographs were taken with different nozzle configurations, chosen such that they would contribute meaningfully to the experimental results. The complete experimental setup and procedures are discussed extensively in the document. The results of the study led to the formulation a bubble growth model to explain the behaviour of bubbles resulting from these nozzles. The use of this model, together with a couple of other assumptions, spread new light on the generation of microbubbles. This newly found information could lead to the development of a rational design procedure for injection nozzles for the production of microbubbles.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rykaart, Ewoud Maritz
- Date: 2014-02-18
- Subjects: Flotation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364480 , uj:4107 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9454
- Description: M.Ing. ( Civil Engineering) , The use of dissolved-air flotation has shown a marked increase in the past decade. The practise is however still relatively unknown, and plants are still being constructed using empirical guidelines. Probably the most important aspect that should be highlighted, is the successful generating of microbubbles in the flotation tank. The microbubbles are generated when the saturator water pressure is released via a reduction nozzle. These bubbles should be homogeneous, and in the region of 100 /Lm in diameter. If these bubbles are too big, they will rise too fast, and disturb the float layer. If they rise too slowly, the retention time would be too long. The purpose of this work was to try to refine nozzle design to such a level that microbubbles can be generated with chosen size and size.distribution. Very little is however done at this stage to understand the design of nozzles. The result of this lack of knowledge, is that many flotation plants fail because of ineffective nozzles and nozzle design. Before experimenting could be started, it was necessary to acquire a better understanding of the fundamental behaviour of bubbles. A large amount of literature is available on this subject, but very little is specifically for dissolved-air flotation. It was attempted to give an overview of all the relevant literature regarding bubbles and their behaviour. Further insight is also given regarding the generation of bubbles in relation to physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. A short summary is also given of all the most commonly used commercially available nozzles, together with simple section drawings. The bubble size constitutes the most important parameter in this study, and therefore a purpose made flotation column was set up, that would simulate real life situations. Photographs were taken with different nozzle configurations, chosen such that they would contribute meaningfully to the experimental results. The complete experimental setup and procedures are discussed extensively in the document. The results of the study led to the formulation a bubble growth model to explain the behaviour of bubbles resulting from these nozzles. The use of this model, together with a couple of other assumptions, spread new light on the generation of microbubbles. This newly found information could lead to the development of a rational design procedure for injection nozzles for the production of microbubbles.
- Full Text:
Studie van die wisselwerking tussen reagense en minerale by die flottasie van apatiet
- Van der Linde, Gert Johannes
- Authors: Van der Linde, Gert Johannes
- Date: 2015-10-14
- Subjects: Chemical tests and reagents , Apatite , Flotation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14804
- Description: D.Sc. (Chemistry) , The Phosphate Development Corporation (FOSKOR) recovers apatite from foscorite ore by a process of froth flotation. Four reagents are used viz. sodium hydroxide, water-glass, nonylphenol tetraglycol ether (EMU) and a fatty acid. The fatty acid is mainly composed of a mixture of oleic and linoleic acid in a ratio of 1,2:1. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the first three above-mentioned reagents on the adsorption of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids on apatite and The Phosphate Development Corporation (FOSKOR) recovers apatite from foscorite ore by a process of froth flotation ...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van der Linde, Gert Johannes
- Date: 2015-10-14
- Subjects: Chemical tests and reagents , Apatite , Flotation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14804
- Description: D.Sc. (Chemistry) , The Phosphate Development Corporation (FOSKOR) recovers apatite from foscorite ore by a process of froth flotation. Four reagents are used viz. sodium hydroxide, water-glass, nonylphenol tetraglycol ether (EMU) and a fatty acid. The fatty acid is mainly composed of a mixture of oleic and linoleic acid in a ratio of 1,2:1. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the first three above-mentioned reagents on the adsorption of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids on apatite and The Phosphate Development Corporation (FOSKOR) recovers apatite from foscorite ore by a process of froth flotation ...
- Full Text:
Effect of oxygen and micro-cracking on the flotation of low grade nickel sulphide ore
- Muzenda, Edison, Afolabi, Ayo S.
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Afolabi, Ayo S.
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Flotation , Micro-cracking , Nickel sulphide ore , Oxygen
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4712 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10958
- Description: This study investigated the effect of oxygen and micro-cracking on the flotation of low grade nickel sulphide ore. The ore treated contained serpentine minerals which have a history of being difficult to process efficiently. The use of oxygen as a bubbling gas has been noted to be effective because it increases the pulp potential. The desired effect of micro cracking the ore is that the nickel sulphide minerals will become activated and this activation will render these minerals more susceptible to react with potassium amyl xanthate collectors, resulting in a higher recovery of nickel and hinder the recovery of other undesired minerals contained in the ore. Higher nickel recoveries were obtained when pure oxygen was used as a bubbling gas rather than the conventional air. Microwave cracking favored the recovery of nickel.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Afolabi, Ayo S.
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Flotation , Micro-cracking , Nickel sulphide ore , Oxygen
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4712 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10958
- Description: This study investigated the effect of oxygen and micro-cracking on the flotation of low grade nickel sulphide ore. The ore treated contained serpentine minerals which have a history of being difficult to process efficiently. The use of oxygen as a bubbling gas has been noted to be effective because it increases the pulp potential. The desired effect of micro cracking the ore is that the nickel sulphide minerals will become activated and this activation will render these minerals more susceptible to react with potassium amyl xanthate collectors, resulting in a higher recovery of nickel and hinder the recovery of other undesired minerals contained in the ore. Higher nickel recoveries were obtained when pure oxygen was used as a bubbling gas rather than the conventional air. Microwave cracking favored the recovery of nickel.
- Full Text:
Pelletization of iron ore concentrate from fluorspar tailings
- Nheta, Willie, Mashigo, Jeanette
- Authors: Nheta, Willie , Mashigo, Jeanette
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Pelletization , Agglomeration , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/239275 , uj:24579 , Citation: Nheta, W. & Mashigo, J. 2017. Pelletization of iron ore concentrate from fluorspar tailings.
- Description: Abstract: Many low grade iron ore deposits which were previously ignored are being treated due to depletion of high grade iron ore deposits. Haematite flotation concentrate from a reverse flotation of fluorspar tailings was characterised and agglomerated using bentonite and coke. The effect of bentonite and coke concentrations on mechanical strength and metallurgical characteristics of the wet and baked pellets was investigated. It was found that the concentrate contained 60.5% Fe, 4.24% silica and other minor elements. Major mineral phases present were hematite, magnetite and silica. A maximum wet drop number of 3 and wet strength of 2.85N was obtained when using 1.25 and 0.75wt% bentonite respectively. The maximum dry and baked strength obtained was 28.1N and 2690N respectively whilst using 1.25wt% bentonite and no coke. Porosity of the baked pellets was not affected very much with change in coke concentration which is not the usual case with iron ores. At high coke concentration (3wt %), the pellets contained spinels.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nheta, Willie , Mashigo, Jeanette
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Pelletization , Agglomeration , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/239275 , uj:24579 , Citation: Nheta, W. & Mashigo, J. 2017. Pelletization of iron ore concentrate from fluorspar tailings.
- Description: Abstract: Many low grade iron ore deposits which were previously ignored are being treated due to depletion of high grade iron ore deposits. Haematite flotation concentrate from a reverse flotation of fluorspar tailings was characterised and agglomerated using bentonite and coke. The effect of bentonite and coke concentrations on mechanical strength and metallurgical characteristics of the wet and baked pellets was investigated. It was found that the concentrate contained 60.5% Fe, 4.24% silica and other minor elements. Major mineral phases present were hematite, magnetite and silica. A maximum wet drop number of 3 and wet strength of 2.85N was obtained when using 1.25 and 0.75wt% bentonite respectively. The maximum dry and baked strength obtained was 28.1N and 2690N respectively whilst using 1.25wt% bentonite and no coke. Porosity of the baked pellets was not affected very much with change in coke concentration which is not the usual case with iron ores. At high coke concentration (3wt %), the pellets contained spinels.
- Full Text:
Effect of pH on the recovery and grade of base metal sulphides (PGMs) by flotation
- Muzenda, Edison, Afolabi, Ayo S., Abdulkareem, Ambali S., Ntuli, Freeman
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Afolabi, Ayo S. , Abdulkareem, Ambali S. , Ntuli, Freeman
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Platinum Group Metals , Metal sulphides , Flotation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4713 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10959
- Description: This study investigated the effect of pH on the recovery and grade of the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) and base metal sulphides from the UG2 ore of the Bushveld Complex. This was achieved through running a series of test work in a Denver flotation cell at varying pH 6-11 at constant reagent dosage. The UG-2 reef is characterized by two predominant gangue phases i.e. chromite and silicate, that have significantly different physical and chemical properties. The test work was aimed at evaluating which pH gives best recoveries, and finding the effect of the chrome content in these recoveries. A pH of 9 gave the highest recovery compared to other pH ranges. However, the highest PGM grade was attained at a pH of 6 which is slightly acidic. Ideally this trend could be expected since the collectors (xanthates) are more stable in alkaline medium. The higher PGM recovery was also accompanied by higher chrome content as a result of their similar chemical properties.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Afolabi, Ayo S. , Abdulkareem, Ambali S. , Ntuli, Freeman
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Platinum Group Metals , Metal sulphides , Flotation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4713 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10959
- Description: This study investigated the effect of pH on the recovery and grade of the Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) and base metal sulphides from the UG2 ore of the Bushveld Complex. This was achieved through running a series of test work in a Denver flotation cell at varying pH 6-11 at constant reagent dosage. The UG-2 reef is characterized by two predominant gangue phases i.e. chromite and silicate, that have significantly different physical and chemical properties. The test work was aimed at evaluating which pH gives best recoveries, and finding the effect of the chrome content in these recoveries. A pH of 9 gave the highest recovery compared to other pH ranges. However, the highest PGM grade was attained at a pH of 6 which is slightly acidic. Ideally this trend could be expected since the collectors (xanthates) are more stable in alkaline medium. The higher PGM recovery was also accompanied by higher chrome content as a result of their similar chemical properties.
- Full Text:
Characterization and beneficiation of low grade Nb AND Ta ore from Kibara belt
- Mutombo, David, Nheta, Willie
- Authors: Mutombo, David , Nheta, Willie
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Niobium , Tantalum , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/239075 , uj:24552 , Citation: Mutombo, D. & Nheta, W. 2017. Characterization and beneficiation of low grade Nb AND Ta ore from Kibara belt.
- Description: Abstract: Due to their chemical, physical and mechanical properties, niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are strategically used in various technical applications. About 130 different minerals contain tantalum and niobium, of which only about 80 are found in economical deposits. The remainder contains Nb and Ta as impurities. The most commercialised source of Nb and Ta is a columbite-tantalite ore often referred to as coltan containing pyrochlorite. The Central African Mesoproterozoic Kibara belt in Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo) forms a metallogenic province that hosts a variety of granite-related mineralization, rich in cassiterite, columbite–tantalite, wolframite/ferberite, spodumene and beryl. This study focuses on the characterization of Nb/Ta ores from the Kibara belt by using the XRF, SEM/EDS, XRD and ICP-OES. It was observed that Nb/Ta ore that occurs in this belt has a high Nb/Ta ratio. The grade of the ore is 0.01wt% Ta and 0.04wt% Nb. The major minerals phases are Tapiolite, Tantalite, Simpsonite, Pyrochlore and Ilmenorutile. The major gangue minerals present locking Nb/Ta are silica, feldspars with small amounts of mica and quartz. The size of the particles containing Nb/Ta are 8-12microns. Basing on these results, flotation is proposed at as the suitable way of concentrating this ore.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mutombo, David , Nheta, Willie
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Niobium , Tantalum , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/239075 , uj:24552 , Citation: Mutombo, D. & Nheta, W. 2017. Characterization and beneficiation of low grade Nb AND Ta ore from Kibara belt.
- Description: Abstract: Due to their chemical, physical and mechanical properties, niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are strategically used in various technical applications. About 130 different minerals contain tantalum and niobium, of which only about 80 are found in economical deposits. The remainder contains Nb and Ta as impurities. The most commercialised source of Nb and Ta is a columbite-tantalite ore often referred to as coltan containing pyrochlorite. The Central African Mesoproterozoic Kibara belt in Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo) forms a metallogenic province that hosts a variety of granite-related mineralization, rich in cassiterite, columbite–tantalite, wolframite/ferberite, spodumene and beryl. This study focuses on the characterization of Nb/Ta ores from the Kibara belt by using the XRF, SEM/EDS, XRD and ICP-OES. It was observed that Nb/Ta ore that occurs in this belt has a high Nb/Ta ratio. The grade of the ore is 0.01wt% Ta and 0.04wt% Nb. The major minerals phases are Tapiolite, Tantalite, Simpsonite, Pyrochlore and Ilmenorutile. The major gangue minerals present locking Nb/Ta are silica, feldspars with small amounts of mica and quartz. The size of the particles containing Nb/Ta are 8-12microns. Basing on these results, flotation is proposed at as the suitable way of concentrating this ore.
- Full Text:
An investigation into the effect of water quality on flotation performance
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Flotation , Water quality
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/383046 , uj:4695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10732
- Description: A study was carried out to determine the effect of water quality on flotation performance. The experimental test work comprised of batch flotation tests using Denver lab cell for a period of 10 minutes. Nine different test runs were carried out in triplicates to ensure reproducibility using different water types from different thickener overflows, return and sewage effluent water (process water) and portable water. The water sources differed in pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and conductivity. Process water was found to reduce the concentrate recovery and mass pull, while portable water increased the concentrate recovery and mass pull. Portable water reduced the concentrate grade while process water increased the concentrate grade. It is proposed that a combination of process water and portable water supply be used in flotation circuits to balance the different effects
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Flotation , Water quality
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/383046 , uj:4695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10732
- Description: A study was carried out to determine the effect of water quality on flotation performance. The experimental test work comprised of batch flotation tests using Denver lab cell for a period of 10 minutes. Nine different test runs were carried out in triplicates to ensure reproducibility using different water types from different thickener overflows, return and sewage effluent water (process water) and portable water. The water sources differed in pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and conductivity. Process water was found to reduce the concentrate recovery and mass pull, while portable water increased the concentrate recovery and mass pull. Portable water reduced the concentrate grade while process water increased the concentrate grade. It is proposed that a combination of process water and portable water supply be used in flotation circuits to balance the different effects
- Full Text:
Investigation on the correlation of degree of weathering to pit depth on platinum group metals recovery by flotation
- Letseli, Mohale, Nheta, Willie, Steinmuller, Arno
- Authors: Letseli, Mohale , Nheta, Willie , Steinmuller, Arno
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Platinum group metals (PGMs) , Flotation , Selectivity index
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399395 , uj:33286 , Citation: Letseli, M., Nheta, W. & Steinmuller, A. 2019. Investigation on the correlation of degree of weathering to pit depth on platinum group metals recovery by flotation.
- Description: Abstract: Processing of weathered material from UG2 ore for recovery of Platinum group minerals (PGMs) is a challenging task due to poor recoveries and high chromite grade in the flotation concentrates. The flotation behaviour of the weathered and non-weathered ores of Middle Group 4 (MG 4) was investigated at different mining pit depths using sodium isobutyl xanthate as a collector, Sendep 30D as depressant and Senfroth 200 as a frother. The milling tests work were conducted prior to flotation. The results depicted that, the weathered ore is relatively soft and contained less chrome content as compared to non-weathered ore. The head grades of the surface ore and at a pit depth of 918 m was relatively the same assaying at 2.49 and 2.62 ppm respectively for the 4Es (Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium and Gold). The recovery and grade of PGMs at the rougher flotation cell was increasing with the increase in pit depth with the concentrate from surface weathered ore assaying 22.40 ppm and 47.07 ppm for the ore from 918 m depth for 4 Es. High chromite content in the flotation concentrate is due to blending of pristine ore and oxidized ore. Therefore, the correlation between degree of weathering, pit depth and recovery can be drawn for MG4 ore.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Letseli, Mohale , Nheta, Willie , Steinmuller, Arno
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Platinum group metals (PGMs) , Flotation , Selectivity index
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399395 , uj:33286 , Citation: Letseli, M., Nheta, W. & Steinmuller, A. 2019. Investigation on the correlation of degree of weathering to pit depth on platinum group metals recovery by flotation.
- Description: Abstract: Processing of weathered material from UG2 ore for recovery of Platinum group minerals (PGMs) is a challenging task due to poor recoveries and high chromite grade in the flotation concentrates. The flotation behaviour of the weathered and non-weathered ores of Middle Group 4 (MG 4) was investigated at different mining pit depths using sodium isobutyl xanthate as a collector, Sendep 30D as depressant and Senfroth 200 as a frother. The milling tests work were conducted prior to flotation. The results depicted that, the weathered ore is relatively soft and contained less chrome content as compared to non-weathered ore. The head grades of the surface ore and at a pit depth of 918 m was relatively the same assaying at 2.49 and 2.62 ppm respectively for the 4Es (Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium and Gold). The recovery and grade of PGMs at the rougher flotation cell was increasing with the increase in pit depth with the concentrate from surface weathered ore assaying 22.40 ppm and 47.07 ppm for the ore from 918 m depth for 4 Es. High chromite content in the flotation concentrate is due to blending of pristine ore and oxidized ore. Therefore, the correlation between degree of weathering, pit depth and recovery can be drawn for MG4 ore.
- Full Text:
Recovery of nickel from reverberatory furnace slag by sulfurization and flotation
- Nheta, Willie, Kalenga, Michel, Rasivhetshele, Ndivhuwo
- Authors: Nheta, Willie , Kalenga, Michel , Rasivhetshele, Ndivhuwo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Flotation , Nickel , Sulfurization
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399403 , uj:33287 , Citation: Nheta, W., Kalenga, M. & Rasivhetshele, N. 2019. Recovery of nickel from reverberatory furnace slag by sulfurization and flotation.
- Description: Abstract: Due to depletion of high-grade ores, high cost of mining and environmental issues, many mines have reverted to retreatment of slags. The recovery of Nickel from reverberatory furnace slag using sulfurization and flotation was studied. Critical parameters such as sulfurization temperature, sulfurization agent (Gypsum containing 86.87% CaSO4) dosage and time were investigated for the sulfurization process and effect of collector type and dosage, pH, particle size and flotation time for the flotation process. It was found that the slag contained 0.37% Cu and 0.19 % Ni as Copper oxide and Nickel oxide and other mineral phases such as fayalite, cuprospinnel and pentlandite. Optimum conditions for sulfurization were addition 20g of gypsum, 8g of Coke at a temperature of 950 under inert environment (argon) in a tube furnace for one hour. All of the Nickel oxide was sulfurized to Nickel sulfide and Millerite. 88.3 % Nickel was recovered after flotation under optimum conditions of 0.20g/t Potassium amyl xanthate (PAX), 5 drops of Dowfroth 200, 80% passing 75 microns at a pH of 7 in a micro flotation cell. The recovery of Nickel sulphide was very much dependent on collector dosage.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nheta, Willie , Kalenga, Michel , Rasivhetshele, Ndivhuwo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Flotation , Nickel , Sulfurization
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399403 , uj:33287 , Citation: Nheta, W., Kalenga, M. & Rasivhetshele, N. 2019. Recovery of nickel from reverberatory furnace slag by sulfurization and flotation.
- Description: Abstract: Due to depletion of high-grade ores, high cost of mining and environmental issues, many mines have reverted to retreatment of slags. The recovery of Nickel from reverberatory furnace slag using sulfurization and flotation was studied. Critical parameters such as sulfurization temperature, sulfurization agent (Gypsum containing 86.87% CaSO4) dosage and time were investigated for the sulfurization process and effect of collector type and dosage, pH, particle size and flotation time for the flotation process. It was found that the slag contained 0.37% Cu and 0.19 % Ni as Copper oxide and Nickel oxide and other mineral phases such as fayalite, cuprospinnel and pentlandite. Optimum conditions for sulfurization were addition 20g of gypsum, 8g of Coke at a temperature of 950 under inert environment (argon) in a tube furnace for one hour. All of the Nickel oxide was sulfurized to Nickel sulfide and Millerite. 88.3 % Nickel was recovered after flotation under optimum conditions of 0.20g/t Potassium amyl xanthate (PAX), 5 drops of Dowfroth 200, 80% passing 75 microns at a pH of 7 in a micro flotation cell. The recovery of Nickel sulphide was very much dependent on collector dosage.
- Full Text:
Quality improvements for South African coal fines by flotation with montenol and agglomeration
- Authors: Tshiongo-Makgwe, N.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Ash rejection , Fine coal , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/248202 , uj:25794 , Citation: Tshiongo-Makgwe, N. 2017. Quality improvements for South African coal fines by flotation with montenol and agglomeration.
- Description: Abstract: Coal is an important fossil fuel and as a source of energy for South Africa and globally. Fine coal has been since an unattractive product because of problems associated but not limited to handling and transportation. With the depreciation of coal quality, better coal products are reserved for the export market leaving the poor quality coal products for domestic electricity generation. Based on the latter, this has resulted in interest and advancement in the coal processing techniques and progressive technologies. With these recent developments, fines can be processed, prepared and sold for profit. The current work focused of flotation of discards with the aim to upgrade the quality of coal. Flotation with Montenol 800 and 505 produced a clean coal product with high ash reduction with a very good combustibles recovery after 30 and 35 minutes milling of the fine coal sample, but this has proven to be over milling as coal is soft. This is supported by the sampled milled for only one minute where there was consistency over 40% separation efficiency over all different times employed. The ash rejections were over 40% and 45% for Montenol 505 and 800 respectively with the very high combustible recovery higher than 95% for Montenol 505. The results showed that fine coal cleaning using Montenol is possible to increase the quality of coal. The sample was further agglomerated using different binders; all binders considered yielded bigger pellets with only a small fraction of particles that were less than 5mm. In addition, it was found that the final product was of a better quality in terms of reduced moisture, CV and ash content.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tshiongo-Makgwe, N.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Ash rejection , Fine coal , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/248202 , uj:25794 , Citation: Tshiongo-Makgwe, N. 2017. Quality improvements for South African coal fines by flotation with montenol and agglomeration.
- Description: Abstract: Coal is an important fossil fuel and as a source of energy for South Africa and globally. Fine coal has been since an unattractive product because of problems associated but not limited to handling and transportation. With the depreciation of coal quality, better coal products are reserved for the export market leaving the poor quality coal products for domestic electricity generation. Based on the latter, this has resulted in interest and advancement in the coal processing techniques and progressive technologies. With these recent developments, fines can be processed, prepared and sold for profit. The current work focused of flotation of discards with the aim to upgrade the quality of coal. Flotation with Montenol 800 and 505 produced a clean coal product with high ash reduction with a very good combustibles recovery after 30 and 35 minutes milling of the fine coal sample, but this has proven to be over milling as coal is soft. This is supported by the sampled milled for only one minute where there was consistency over 40% separation efficiency over all different times employed. The ash rejections were over 40% and 45% for Montenol 505 and 800 respectively with the very high combustible recovery higher than 95% for Montenol 505. The results showed that fine coal cleaning using Montenol is possible to increase the quality of coal. The sample was further agglomerated using different binders; all binders considered yielded bigger pellets with only a small fraction of particles that were less than 5mm. In addition, it was found that the final product was of a better quality in terms of reduced moisture, CV and ash content.
- Full Text:
Influence of frothers on the flotation of black mountain ore
- Muzenda, Edison, Ikotun, Adeshina G., Ntuli, Freeman
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Ikotun, Adeshina G. , Ntuli, Freeman
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Copper metal , Black mountain ore , Frothers , Flotation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4684 , ISBN 978-93-82242-07-9 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10460
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Ikotun, Adeshina G. , Ntuli, Freeman
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Copper metal , Black mountain ore , Frothers , Flotation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4684 , ISBN 978-93-82242-07-9 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10460
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
Characterisation and Flotation of a Weathered Platinum Group Metal ore
- Letseli, Mohale, Nheta, Willie, Steinmuller, Arno
- Authors: Letseli, Mohale , Nheta, Willie , Steinmuller, Arno
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Platinum group metals , Flotation , Selectivity index
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/280990 , uj:30221 , Citation: Letseli, M., Nheta, W. & Steinmuller, A. 2018. Characterisation and Flotation of a Weathered Platinum Group Metal ore.
- Description: Abstract: In this paper, the effect of weathering on the mineralogy and flotation performance of a weathered Platinum group metal (PGM) ore was investigated. A comprehensive characterisation of the weathered ore was carried out, where physical, chemical, and mineralogical and liberation properties of the sample were determined. The performance of the weathered ore during flotation was investigated using a pilot plant. It was found that the ore contains 3g/t of 4E PGMs (Pt, Pd, Ru and Au). An average recovery of the 4E PGMs was between 25 to 92% depending on the depth of the pit. The average selectivity was trending upwards as mining progresses to deeper depth, but there is insufficient data at this point in time to determine whether there is a good correlation. More work will be done on determining the degree of weathering with depth.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Letseli, Mohale , Nheta, Willie , Steinmuller, Arno
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Platinum group metals , Flotation , Selectivity index
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/280990 , uj:30221 , Citation: Letseli, M., Nheta, W. & Steinmuller, A. 2018. Characterisation and Flotation of a Weathered Platinum Group Metal ore.
- Description: Abstract: In this paper, the effect of weathering on the mineralogy and flotation performance of a weathered Platinum group metal (PGM) ore was investigated. A comprehensive characterisation of the weathered ore was carried out, where physical, chemical, and mineralogical and liberation properties of the sample were determined. The performance of the weathered ore during flotation was investigated using a pilot plant. It was found that the ore contains 3g/t of 4E PGMs (Pt, Pd, Ru and Au). An average recovery of the 4E PGMs was between 25 to 92% depending on the depth of the pit. The average selectivity was trending upwards as mining progresses to deeper depth, but there is insufficient data at this point in time to determine whether there is a good correlation. More work will be done on determining the degree of weathering with depth.
- Full Text:
Die adsorpsie van natriumlinoleaat op verdunningsminerale in foskoriet en pirokseniet
- Authors: Barnes, Deon Eugene
- Date: 2014-05-29
- Subjects: Adsorption , Flotation , Pyrrhotite - Transvaal - Bushveld Complex , Radiochemistry
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10871
- Description: M.Sc. (Chemistry) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Barnes, Deon Eugene
- Date: 2014-05-29
- Subjects: Adsorption , Flotation , Pyrrhotite - Transvaal - Bushveld Complex , Radiochemistry
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10871
- Description: M.Sc. (Chemistry) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
Evaluation of a platinum group metal flotation re-cleaner stage performance and possible improvement
- Nheta, Willie, Mphahlele, Karabo
- Authors: Nheta, Willie , Mphahlele, Karabo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Platinum-group mineral , Flotation , Chromite
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400038 , uj:33368 , Citation: Nheta, W. & Mphahlele, K. 2019. Evaluation of a platinum group metal flotation re-cleaner stage performance and possible improvement.
- Description: Abstract: South Africa has massive Platinum Group Metal (PGM) deposits found in Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC). Due to depletion of Merensky reef, many companies are now treating UG2 reef which has a high chromite content which has negative impact in the smelting process of the platinum concentrates. Generally, PGMs are processed by rougher followed by cleaner and re-cleaner flotation banks and the final concentrate must contain less than 3% chromite. The effect of residence time and depressant dosage on PGM recovery and chromite entrainment on the recleaner stage was investigated by floating the feed to the re-cleaner banks using Dow froth 200, Cu2SO4, sodium isobutyl xanthate and carboxymethyl cellulose in a 3l Denver cell. It was found that extra 30g/t of depressant dosage (carboxymethyl cellulose) from standard conditions reduces the chromite content to 2.11% from 8.63% and only 37.54% of PGMs are lost to the recleaner tailings which are recirculated to the cleaner feed. The residence time was reduced by 15minutes from the normal residence time. The Malvern particle size analyzer results indicated that the increase in depressant dosage and decrease in residence time the finer the concentrate. By controlling the depressant dosage, amount of chromite content in the final concentrate can effectively be reduced to meet the required standards.
- Full Text:
Evaluation of a platinum group metal flotation re-cleaner stage performance and possible improvement
- Authors: Nheta, Willie , Mphahlele, Karabo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Platinum-group mineral , Flotation , Chromite
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400038 , uj:33368 , Citation: Nheta, W. & Mphahlele, K. 2019. Evaluation of a platinum group metal flotation re-cleaner stage performance and possible improvement.
- Description: Abstract: South Africa has massive Platinum Group Metal (PGM) deposits found in Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC). Due to depletion of Merensky reef, many companies are now treating UG2 reef which has a high chromite content which has negative impact in the smelting process of the platinum concentrates. Generally, PGMs are processed by rougher followed by cleaner and re-cleaner flotation banks and the final concentrate must contain less than 3% chromite. The effect of residence time and depressant dosage on PGM recovery and chromite entrainment on the recleaner stage was investigated by floating the feed to the re-cleaner banks using Dow froth 200, Cu2SO4, sodium isobutyl xanthate and carboxymethyl cellulose in a 3l Denver cell. It was found that extra 30g/t of depressant dosage (carboxymethyl cellulose) from standard conditions reduces the chromite content to 2.11% from 8.63% and only 37.54% of PGMs are lost to the recleaner tailings which are recirculated to the cleaner feed. The residence time was reduced by 15minutes from the normal residence time. The Malvern particle size analyzer results indicated that the increase in depressant dosage and decrease in residence time the finer the concentrate. By controlling the depressant dosage, amount of chromite content in the final concentrate can effectively be reduced to meet the required standards.
- Full Text:
Flotation of cobalt bearing minerals from a mixed copper-cobalt oxidized ore
- Authors: Bell, Desmond Tom
- Date: 2012-11-02
- Subjects: Flotation , Cobalt metallurgy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7291 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8031
- Description: M.Tech. (Extraction Metallurgy) , The techniques for the flotation of mixed copper and cobalt bearing oxide ores using the sulphidization method in order to recover the oxidized copper and cobalt bearing minerals have been well documented by previous researchers. These processes have been successfully implemented in many of the metallurgical plant operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The mixed copper and cobalt oxidised ores from this region present significant chal-lenges to metallurgists. Ore grades and gangue mineral constituents can vary quite significantly from one mine to another. Ore grades can also change substantially on an individual mine over a relatively short time period. These rather sudden ore feed grade changes can result in reduced flotation plant efficiency and hence losses in income. The prime objective of the project, to selectively recover and concentrate cobalt oxi-dized minerals by froth flotation, was not fully achieved on the ores tested. Very ac-ceptable cobalt recoveries were however achieved on three of the ores tested but it was invariably with an accompanying high copper recovery as well. Some valuable insights into the behaviour of both the cobalt and copper oxidized minerals in the froth flotation of these oxidized ores were observed and documented.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bell, Desmond Tom
- Date: 2012-11-02
- Subjects: Flotation , Cobalt metallurgy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7291 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8031
- Description: M.Tech. (Extraction Metallurgy) , The techniques for the flotation of mixed copper and cobalt bearing oxide ores using the sulphidization method in order to recover the oxidized copper and cobalt bearing minerals have been well documented by previous researchers. These processes have been successfully implemented in many of the metallurgical plant operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The mixed copper and cobalt oxidised ores from this region present significant chal-lenges to metallurgists. Ore grades and gangue mineral constituents can vary quite significantly from one mine to another. Ore grades can also change substantially on an individual mine over a relatively short time period. These rather sudden ore feed grade changes can result in reduced flotation plant efficiency and hence losses in income. The prime objective of the project, to selectively recover and concentrate cobalt oxi-dized minerals by froth flotation, was not fully achieved on the ores tested. Very ac-ceptable cobalt recoveries were however achieved on three of the ores tested but it was invariably with an accompanying high copper recovery as well. Some valuable insights into the behaviour of both the cobalt and copper oxidized minerals in the froth flotation of these oxidized ores were observed and documented.
- Full Text:
A multistage sulphidisation flotation procedure for a low grade malachite copper ore
- Phetla, Tebogo P., Muzenda, Edison
- Authors: Phetla, Tebogo P. , Muzenda, Edison
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sulphidisation , Copper oxide ore , Flotation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4707 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10951
- Description: This study was carried out to develop a flotation procedure for an oxide copper ore from a Region in Central Africa for producing an 18% copper concentrate for downstream processing at maximum recovery from a 4% copper feed grade. The copper recoveries achieved from the test work were less than 50% despite changes in reagent conditions (multistage sulphidisation, use of RCA emulsion and mixture, use of AM 2, etc). The poor recoveries were attributed to the mineralogy of the ore from which copper silicates accounted for approximately 70% (mass) of the copper minerals in the ore. These can be complex and difficult to float using conventional flotation methods. Best results were obtained using basic sulphidisation procedures, a high flotation temperature and extended flotation residence time.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Phetla, Tebogo P. , Muzenda, Edison
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sulphidisation , Copper oxide ore , Flotation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4707 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10951
- Description: This study was carried out to develop a flotation procedure for an oxide copper ore from a Region in Central Africa for producing an 18% copper concentrate for downstream processing at maximum recovery from a 4% copper feed grade. The copper recoveries achieved from the test work were less than 50% despite changes in reagent conditions (multistage sulphidisation, use of RCA emulsion and mixture, use of AM 2, etc). The poor recoveries were attributed to the mineralogy of the ore from which copper silicates accounted for approximately 70% (mass) of the copper minerals in the ore. These can be complex and difficult to float using conventional flotation methods. Best results were obtained using basic sulphidisation procedures, a high flotation temperature and extended flotation residence time.
- Full Text:
A geometallurgical assessment of the geological and mineralogical influences on flotation performance at the Nkomati Nickel Mine, Mpumalanga, South Africa
- Authors: Gargi, Mishra
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Nickel ores - South Africa - Mpumalanga , Nickel - Metallurgy , Nickel mines and mining - South Africa - Mpumalanga , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/122644 , uj:20684
- Description: Abstract: The Uitkomst Complex is a Bushveld-age, layered body that intruded into the basal sediments of the Transvaal Supergroup. The complex is cogenetic with the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) of the Bushveld Complex. Mafic-ultramafic rocks of the complex host sulfide mineralisation. The main target element for mining is nickel (Ni), which is recovered by a bulk flotation process. Nkomati mine also produces copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and platinum group metals (PGEs) as by-products. This study provides a geometallurgical assessment of different ore variants associated with the main mineralised zone at Pit 3 of the Nkomati mine. Geometallurgical assessment provide an opportunity for improving mineral processing performance in existing concentrators and for describing the undeveloped ore bodies. A detailed geometallurgical study also contributes to better control and planning at the processing plant. Optimum results can be achieved by scheduling the most appropriate combination and sequence of material-type to the feed. In such instances, geometallurgy could be considered as an extension of the mine-to-mill process. A comprehensive understanding of the ore mineralogy is the key to understanding the flotation response of various minerals in an ore body. Ore characterisation is the first step for success of any geometallurgical study. Detailed mineralogical characterisation of ore is one of the most essential steps in this process; this requires a detailed investigation of the ore body in terms of modal mineralogy, liberation potential, and grain-size distribution. For this, 29 samples from four representative boreholes were used to determine the influence of mineralogy on flotation response at the Pit 3 ore body. Optical microscopy, Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used extensively for mineralogical characterisation of these samples. Upon detailed ore characterisation, it was observed that textural variations of sulfide mineralisation in the studied samples depend on host rock types, grain... , D.Phil. (Geology)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gargi, Mishra
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Nickel ores - South Africa - Mpumalanga , Nickel - Metallurgy , Nickel mines and mining - South Africa - Mpumalanga , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/122644 , uj:20684
- Description: Abstract: The Uitkomst Complex is a Bushveld-age, layered body that intruded into the basal sediments of the Transvaal Supergroup. The complex is cogenetic with the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) of the Bushveld Complex. Mafic-ultramafic rocks of the complex host sulfide mineralisation. The main target element for mining is nickel (Ni), which is recovered by a bulk flotation process. Nkomati mine also produces copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and platinum group metals (PGEs) as by-products. This study provides a geometallurgical assessment of different ore variants associated with the main mineralised zone at Pit 3 of the Nkomati mine. Geometallurgical assessment provide an opportunity for improving mineral processing performance in existing concentrators and for describing the undeveloped ore bodies. A detailed geometallurgical study also contributes to better control and planning at the processing plant. Optimum results can be achieved by scheduling the most appropriate combination and sequence of material-type to the feed. In such instances, geometallurgy could be considered as an extension of the mine-to-mill process. A comprehensive understanding of the ore mineralogy is the key to understanding the flotation response of various minerals in an ore body. Ore characterisation is the first step for success of any geometallurgical study. Detailed mineralogical characterisation of ore is one of the most essential steps in this process; this requires a detailed investigation of the ore body in terms of modal mineralogy, liberation potential, and grain-size distribution. For this, 29 samples from four representative boreholes were used to determine the influence of mineralogy on flotation response at the Pit 3 ore body. Optical microscopy, Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used extensively for mineralogical characterisation of these samples. Upon detailed ore characterisation, it was observed that textural variations of sulfide mineralisation in the studied samples depend on host rock types, grain... , D.Phil. (Geology)
- Full Text:
Study of the effect of impurities and defects on the ore beneficiation of metal sulphides
- Authors: Richter, Kalman
- Date: 2014-09-10
- Subjects: Zinc sulfide crystals , Flotation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12243 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12009
- Description: Ph.D. (Chemistry) , The effect of crystal defects on the adsorption and flotation properties of zinc sulphides was examined. Flotation experiments were restricted to collectorless flotation, that is to the flotation of untreated and copper-activated samples. The effect of cyanide treatment was examined only so that an explanation could be found for the bonding characteristics of the adsorbed copper on regions where the crystallography was undisturbed and on those where it was distorted. The electrochemical method for the determination of copper permitted continuous and highly sensitive monitoring of the copper adsorption on the sphalerites. The first part of the thesis concerns the adsorption of copper on synthetic zinc sulphide crystals and natural sphalerites. It is stated that the degree of adsorption depends on the defect structure. Structure etching, gamma-ray irradiation, and selective grinding experiments are shown to justify the conclusions reached. The second part of the thesis describes the flotation of the samples. The adsorption characteristics of the samples are defined in the first part and the adsorption and flotation properties are correlated.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Richter, Kalman
- Date: 2014-09-10
- Subjects: Zinc sulfide crystals , Flotation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12243 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12009
- Description: Ph.D. (Chemistry) , The effect of crystal defects on the adsorption and flotation properties of zinc sulphides was examined. Flotation experiments were restricted to collectorless flotation, that is to the flotation of untreated and copper-activated samples. The effect of cyanide treatment was examined only so that an explanation could be found for the bonding characteristics of the adsorbed copper on regions where the crystallography was undisturbed and on those where it was distorted. The electrochemical method for the determination of copper permitted continuous and highly sensitive monitoring of the copper adsorption on the sphalerites. The first part of the thesis concerns the adsorption of copper on synthetic zinc sulphide crystals and natural sphalerites. It is stated that the degree of adsorption depends on the defect structure. Structure etching, gamma-ray irradiation, and selective grinding experiments are shown to justify the conclusions reached. The second part of the thesis describes the flotation of the samples. The adsorption characteristics of the samples are defined in the first part and the adsorption and flotation properties are correlated.
- Full Text:
Modelling, simulation and optimization of the comminution and flotation circuits of platinum for sustainable mineral processing
- Nyemba, Wilson R., Kapumha, Zvikomborero B., Mushiri, Tawanda, Mbohwa, Charles
- Authors: Nyemba, Wilson R. , Kapumha, Zvikomborero B. , Mushiri, Tawanda , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Comminution , Modelling , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/438718 , uj:38142 , Citation: Nyemba, W.R. et al. 2020. Modelling, simulation and optimization of the comminution and flotation circuits of platinum for sustainable mineral processing.
- Description: Abstract: The quantum of minerals extracted from ore is critical for the success of mineral processing, hence the necessity to optimize the process flows in order to recover as much minerals as possible. The aim of this research was to identify bottlenecks and recovery-hampering factors within the comminution and flotation circuits of the concentrator plant at a platinum processing company in Zimbabwe. Modelling and simulation of the circuits were carried using Arena and Limn simulation software to optimize the process flows for improved throughput, maximum mineral recovery and enhanced efficiency and productivity. Alternative configurations of the layout of equipment were experimented on and compared with the original setup. The recommended reconfiguration of the circuits achieved increases of 2.97% in mineral recovery and 4 grams/ton in productivity resulting in a maximized output for the sustainable processing of platinum ore.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nyemba, Wilson R. , Kapumha, Zvikomborero B. , Mushiri, Tawanda , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Comminution , Modelling , Flotation
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/438718 , uj:38142 , Citation: Nyemba, W.R. et al. 2020. Modelling, simulation and optimization of the comminution and flotation circuits of platinum for sustainable mineral processing.
- Description: Abstract: The quantum of minerals extracted from ore is critical for the success of mineral processing, hence the necessity to optimize the process flows in order to recover as much minerals as possible. The aim of this research was to identify bottlenecks and recovery-hampering factors within the comminution and flotation circuits of the concentrator plant at a platinum processing company in Zimbabwe. Modelling and simulation of the circuits were carried using Arena and Limn simulation software to optimize the process flows for improved throughput, maximum mineral recovery and enhanced efficiency and productivity. Alternative configurations of the layout of equipment were experimented on and compared with the original setup. The recommended reconfiguration of the circuits achieved increases of 2.97% in mineral recovery and 4 grams/ton in productivity resulting in a maximized output for the sustainable processing of platinum ore.
- Full Text: