Energy requirement estimates for two step ethanolysis of waste vegetable oils for biodiesel production
- Ligeris, Nikolas, Jalama, Kalala
- Authors: Ligeris, Nikolas , Jalama, Kalala
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Waste vegetable oils , Biodiesel , Ethanol
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5052 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13591
- Description: ChemCad 6.4 simulation package was used to model a two-step biodiesel production process from waste vegetable oils (WVO) and ethanol using homogeneous acid and alkali catalysts respectively. The developed process flowsheet consisted of pre-esterification and transesterification of WVO, ethanol and glycerol recovery, and biodiesel refining. The energy required for each processing unit as well as the energy required for the whole process have been estimated. Ethanol recovery accounted for the highest portion of the energy required for the entire process estimated as 2.75 MJ per kg of biodiesel produced.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ligeris, Nikolas , Jalama, Kalala
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Waste vegetable oils , Biodiesel , Ethanol
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5052 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13591
- Description: ChemCad 6.4 simulation package was used to model a two-step biodiesel production process from waste vegetable oils (WVO) and ethanol using homogeneous acid and alkali catalysts respectively. The developed process flowsheet consisted of pre-esterification and transesterification of WVO, ethanol and glycerol recovery, and biodiesel refining. The energy required for each processing unit as well as the energy required for the whole process have been estimated. Ethanol recovery accounted for the highest portion of the energy required for the entire process estimated as 2.75 MJ per kg of biodiesel produced.
- Full Text:
An investigation into the effect of agitation on the ethanol yield in a fed batch fermentation process
- Authors: Scrase, Stephen Paul
- Date: 2014-06-21
- Subjects: Ethanol , Fermentation , Mixing machinery
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11577 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11288
- Description: M.Tech. (Chemical Engineering) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Scrase, Stephen Paul
- Date: 2014-06-21
- Subjects: Ethanol , Fermentation , Mixing machinery
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11577 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11288
- Description: M.Tech. (Chemical Engineering) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
Non-distillation oil extraction from SCG using ethanol Propan ropan-2-ol
- Mabona, Nomfundo, Muzenda, Edison, Mollagee, Mansoor, Mguni, Liberty L
- Authors: Mabona, Nomfundo , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor , Mguni, Liberty L
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Ethanol , Propanol , Spent coffee grounds , Oil extraction
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4904 , ISSN 2349-1442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13002
- Description: Non-distillation oil extraction is a process whereby the step required to distillate the solvent (alcohol) to recover residual oil and by-products is eliminated. This is achieved by cooling the extraction products such that oil and some by-products become immiscible and they separate from the alcohol. The effect of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)/solvent ratio on non-distillation oil recovery was investigated. It was observed that recovery increased with an increase in ratio for both solvents, ethanol and propanol. The effect of separation temperature was also investigated and it was observed that the highest recovery was achieved at 15 oC. Generally it was observed that propanol recovery for non-distillation extraction was higher than that of ethanol. The main fatty acids present in the SCG oil were found to be palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C 18:0) and linoleic acid (18:2). Unsaponification values obtained for non-distillation extracted oil were 6.8 and 8.3% for ethanol and propanol respectively. These values are comparable with those of refined oil.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mabona, Nomfundo , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor , Mguni, Liberty L
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Ethanol , Propanol , Spent coffee grounds , Oil extraction
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4904 , ISSN 2349-1442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13002
- Description: Non-distillation oil extraction is a process whereby the step required to distillate the solvent (alcohol) to recover residual oil and by-products is eliminated. This is achieved by cooling the extraction products such that oil and some by-products become immiscible and they separate from the alcohol. The effect of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)/solvent ratio on non-distillation oil recovery was investigated. It was observed that recovery increased with an increase in ratio for both solvents, ethanol and propanol. The effect of separation temperature was also investigated and it was observed that the highest recovery was achieved at 15 oC. Generally it was observed that propanol recovery for non-distillation extraction was higher than that of ethanol. The main fatty acids present in the SCG oil were found to be palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C 18:0) and linoleic acid (18:2). Unsaponification values obtained for non-distillation extracted oil were 6.8 and 8.3% for ethanol and propanol respectively. These values are comparable with those of refined oil.
- Full Text:
- «
- ‹
- 1
- ›
- »