Greenhouse gas emissions assessment for electricity generation from coal : an Eskom power station
- Manzini, Lungile, Electric power production - Environmental aspects
- Authors: Manzini, Lungile , Electric power production - Environmental aspects
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Greenhouse gas mitigation , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/384430 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124753 , uj:20955
- Description: Abstract: Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are projected to increase to 36.7 billion metric tonnes in 2020 due to economic development specifically in developing countries as the demand for energy sources continue to increase. The combustion of fossil fuels for electricity generation is the largest contributor to global CO2 emissions. A total share of CO2 emissions from electricity generation have increased steadily over the past 40 years. Coal-fired power stations generate electricity from converting chemical energy stored in fossil fuels into electrical energy. In the conversion process, carbon contained in the fuel is oxidised releasing GHG emissions and other air pollutants into the atmosphere. GHG emitted during electricity generation are dependent on the characteristics of the fuel used during combustion. In the latest GHG emissions inventory published by the Department of Environment, electricity generation accounted for more than 50 per cent of the total emissions resulting from the combustion of coal. South Africa is dependent on coal for electricity generation mainly due to the abundance of coal reserves and affordability. The main aim of this study was to assess and analyse GHG emissions generated from an Eskom coal-fired power station. This study covered an assessment period of seven years, i.e. 2006 to 2012. The trends for the assessment periods were analysed using methodologies from Eskom and the IPCC guidelines. The results showed that there is a correlation between the amount and type of fuel combusted for electricity generation and GHG emitted. Total fuel (e.g. coal, oil, etc.) combusted at the power station for electricity generation was the main parameter used to estimate GHG emissions. During fossil fuel combustion for electricity generation, GHG are emitted in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, CO2 emissions accounted for the majority of emissions when compared to other gases for the seven year assessment period. Trends for the seven year assessment period varied throughout the years, overall GHG emissions from the coal-fired power station increased by 1.12 per cent from 2006 to 2012. The total GHG emissions measured from the coal-fired power station was 193, 099 GgCO2eq, with coal consumption contributing more than 99 per cent and fuel oil accounting for less than 1.0 per cent of these levels. Specifically, the total CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions measured were 192, 254 GgCO2eq, 804 GgCO2eq and 42 GgCO2eq respectively. This study shows how much of the three GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O) are emitted during the combustion of coal for the generation of electricity. Furthermore as more coal is burnt to meet the electricity needs of the country, GHG emissions will likely continue to increase in the future hence South Africa should focus its climate change mitigation efforts on this sector. , M.Sc. (Environmental Management)
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- Authors: Manzini, Lungile , Electric power production - Environmental aspects
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Greenhouse gas mitigation , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/384430 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124753 , uj:20955
- Description: Abstract: Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are projected to increase to 36.7 billion metric tonnes in 2020 due to economic development specifically in developing countries as the demand for energy sources continue to increase. The combustion of fossil fuels for electricity generation is the largest contributor to global CO2 emissions. A total share of CO2 emissions from electricity generation have increased steadily over the past 40 years. Coal-fired power stations generate electricity from converting chemical energy stored in fossil fuels into electrical energy. In the conversion process, carbon contained in the fuel is oxidised releasing GHG emissions and other air pollutants into the atmosphere. GHG emitted during electricity generation are dependent on the characteristics of the fuel used during combustion. In the latest GHG emissions inventory published by the Department of Environment, electricity generation accounted for more than 50 per cent of the total emissions resulting from the combustion of coal. South Africa is dependent on coal for electricity generation mainly due to the abundance of coal reserves and affordability. The main aim of this study was to assess and analyse GHG emissions generated from an Eskom coal-fired power station. This study covered an assessment period of seven years, i.e. 2006 to 2012. The trends for the assessment periods were analysed using methodologies from Eskom and the IPCC guidelines. The results showed that there is a correlation between the amount and type of fuel combusted for electricity generation and GHG emitted. Total fuel (e.g. coal, oil, etc.) combusted at the power station for electricity generation was the main parameter used to estimate GHG emissions. During fossil fuel combustion for electricity generation, GHG are emitted in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, CO2 emissions accounted for the majority of emissions when compared to other gases for the seven year assessment period. Trends for the seven year assessment period varied throughout the years, overall GHG emissions from the coal-fired power station increased by 1.12 per cent from 2006 to 2012. The total GHG emissions measured from the coal-fired power station was 193, 099 GgCO2eq, with coal consumption contributing more than 99 per cent and fuel oil accounting for less than 1.0 per cent of these levels. Specifically, the total CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions measured were 192, 254 GgCO2eq, 804 GgCO2eq and 42 GgCO2eq respectively. This study shows how much of the three GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O) are emitted during the combustion of coal for the generation of electricity. Furthermore as more coal is burnt to meet the electricity needs of the country, GHG emissions will likely continue to increase in the future hence South Africa should focus its climate change mitigation efforts on this sector. , M.Sc. (Environmental Management)
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Reliability assessment for medium voltage electrical network : a case study within Eskom distribution
- Authors: Zwane, Khanyisile C.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power distribution - Reliability , Electric power system stability
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/242819 , uj:25057
- Description: Abstract: In recent years electricity supply has played a very crucial part in people’s lives. However, just having access to electricity is not sufficient; the reliability of electricity supply is also important. In Africa the serious effect of an unreliable power supply is a prominent concern within electrical distribution networks. Outages in the Eskom distribution network accounted for the significant majority of the total outage duration experienced by Eskom Distribution customers. Distribution network systems constitute the greatest risk to the interruptions of electrical power supply; as it is still liable for more than 80% of the customer reliability issues, with the majority of the faults (70%) occurring on the Medium Voltage (MV) networks. As a result, this research study will identify, define, and quantify factors that lead to poor reliability of distribution networks, and, from the findings, alternative solutions will be proposed and discussed, based on the findings of the study. This is intended to assist electrical utilities effectively to investigate the affected network, and to be able to apply strategic reliability improvement plans to achieve optimal performance. The research methodology used to obtain and analyse the data during the research study consists of literature review and a qualitative approach. In order to conduct a full study of the research, the strategy used was a case study. The research findings within Eskom’s distribution network found that the reliability performance is poor due to defective equipment failures, overhead power line problems, maintenance or construction related failures, fuse failures, unit equipment problems and cable theft. Defective equipment posed the highest risk - particularly the cable network. Several solutions were proposed to improve the reliability of Eskom’s distribution, including investments information technology systems, smart grid technologies, capital, operational and maintenance strategies and reliability improvement strategies for defective equipment, overhead power line, fuse, unit equipment and cable theft was discussed. By applying these mitigation strategies and focusing on limiting the entire 85% impact presented by failure root causes, the power cut can be reduced from 18.747 hours to 2.75 hours. Meaning an 85% reliability improvement within Taunus’ distribution supply area in Eskom’s distribution. , M.Phil. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Zwane, Khanyisile C.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power distribution - Reliability , Electric power system stability
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/242819 , uj:25057
- Description: Abstract: In recent years electricity supply has played a very crucial part in people’s lives. However, just having access to electricity is not sufficient; the reliability of electricity supply is also important. In Africa the serious effect of an unreliable power supply is a prominent concern within electrical distribution networks. Outages in the Eskom distribution network accounted for the significant majority of the total outage duration experienced by Eskom Distribution customers. Distribution network systems constitute the greatest risk to the interruptions of electrical power supply; as it is still liable for more than 80% of the customer reliability issues, with the majority of the faults (70%) occurring on the Medium Voltage (MV) networks. As a result, this research study will identify, define, and quantify factors that lead to poor reliability of distribution networks, and, from the findings, alternative solutions will be proposed and discussed, based on the findings of the study. This is intended to assist electrical utilities effectively to investigate the affected network, and to be able to apply strategic reliability improvement plans to achieve optimal performance. The research methodology used to obtain and analyse the data during the research study consists of literature review and a qualitative approach. In order to conduct a full study of the research, the strategy used was a case study. The research findings within Eskom’s distribution network found that the reliability performance is poor due to defective equipment failures, overhead power line problems, maintenance or construction related failures, fuse failures, unit equipment problems and cable theft. Defective equipment posed the highest risk - particularly the cable network. Several solutions were proposed to improve the reliability of Eskom’s distribution, including investments information technology systems, smart grid technologies, capital, operational and maintenance strategies and reliability improvement strategies for defective equipment, overhead power line, fuse, unit equipment and cable theft was discussed. By applying these mitigation strategies and focusing on limiting the entire 85% impact presented by failure root causes, the power cut can be reduced from 18.747 hours to 2.75 hours. Meaning an 85% reliability improvement within Taunus’ distribution supply area in Eskom’s distribution. , M.Phil. (Engineering Management)
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Establishing the causes of delays in Eskom construction projects
- Authors: Kgosi, Tshepo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Construction projects - South Africa , Eskom (Firm) , Construction industry - South Africa - Management , Production scheduling - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/284839 , uj:30778
- Description: Abstract: Construction projects are well known to fail or delays beyond their intended contractual duration due to multiple of reasons that pertains to project management. The commonly used construction term for such project management deferrals is referred to as delays. Delays of construction project in developing countries are disadvantageous for the economy’s progression. Therefore the research aims to determine the causes of delays in the South African construction industry, predominantly focused around Eskom capital expansion projects. It also seeks to identify potential project management activities to manage the causes of delays. The motive for conducting this research is to improve and develop the project managers’ knowledge and skills regarding project delays and how to management them. And also contribute in developing the project management society about the delays identified both locally and in the internationals constructions industries. Quantitative methodology outlining the research investigations was used to carry out the study. Snowballing sampling technique was applied to collect primary data, with the use of structured hand-outs, questionnaires and emails. Data was collected in three of Eskom construction sites. In addressing question one of the research, an initial 38 common delays were researched from various literatures on the same topic. From the 38 delays found in literature, the top 20 common causes were derived. Thereafter the highest top 5 and the least rated 5 of the 20 common causes of delays were selected for discussion. Subsequently the potential project management activities to manage the identified the causes of delays were researched and tabled. The top 5 rated causes of delays were matched with the ideal project management activities and further elaborated with supporting literature and survey results... , M.Phil. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Kgosi, Tshepo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Construction projects - South Africa , Eskom (Firm) , Construction industry - South Africa - Management , Production scheduling - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/284839 , uj:30778
- Description: Abstract: Construction projects are well known to fail or delays beyond their intended contractual duration due to multiple of reasons that pertains to project management. The commonly used construction term for such project management deferrals is referred to as delays. Delays of construction project in developing countries are disadvantageous for the economy’s progression. Therefore the research aims to determine the causes of delays in the South African construction industry, predominantly focused around Eskom capital expansion projects. It also seeks to identify potential project management activities to manage the causes of delays. The motive for conducting this research is to improve and develop the project managers’ knowledge and skills regarding project delays and how to management them. And also contribute in developing the project management society about the delays identified both locally and in the internationals constructions industries. Quantitative methodology outlining the research investigations was used to carry out the study. Snowballing sampling technique was applied to collect primary data, with the use of structured hand-outs, questionnaires and emails. Data was collected in three of Eskom construction sites. In addressing question one of the research, an initial 38 common delays were researched from various literatures on the same topic. From the 38 delays found in literature, the top 20 common causes were derived. Thereafter the highest top 5 and the least rated 5 of the 20 common causes of delays were selected for discussion. Subsequently the potential project management activities to manage the identified the causes of delays were researched and tabled. The top 5 rated causes of delays were matched with the ideal project management activities and further elaborated with supporting literature and survey results... , M.Phil. (Engineering Management)
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Managing the client and supplier relationship at Eskom power delivery projects
- Authors: Sithole, Menzeleleli
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Eskom (Firm) - Customer services , Customer relations
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/225928 , uj:22830
- Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: Background Organisations today are often involved in client-supplier relationships with the suppliers of services or products. The reason for this is that most organisations would rather buy a service or product if it requires specialised knowledge and constant research, as long as an effective supplier is available (Hugo, Van Biljon & Badernhorst-Weiss, 2004: 51). In Eskom Power Delivery Projects (EPDP), there is a capacity constraint on the prerequisite expertise and on the workforce responsible for the physical construction of transmission lines and substations. Thus, the service of physical construction of a transmission line and substation is insourced from a supplier that provides the service. Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish how the client-supplier relationship is established and managed in Eskom Power Delivery Projects (EPDP) for the supply of a service or product. Research method The dissertation studies the process of establishing client-supplier relationship, managing client-supplier relationship and managing supplier performance for the supply of a service or product; and how this is applied in EPDP for the supply of a service or product. To develop this understanding, it is necessary to conduct a qualitative study; this is the reason why qualitative research methodology was used in this dissertation. Conclusion Client-supplier relationship involves both the client and supplier. It needs to be established on a fair basis to avoid conflicts during the supply of a service or product. The client needs to provide the supplier with the scope of service which entails the exact specifications of the required service or product and furthermore provides the supplier with a time schedule that contains due dates by which the supplier is required to deliver. The client needs to set the service or product delivery dates that are realistic and consider the effort and time that is required by the supplier to do the...
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- Authors: Sithole, Menzeleleli
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Eskom (Firm) - Customer services , Customer relations
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/225928 , uj:22830
- Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: Background Organisations today are often involved in client-supplier relationships with the suppliers of services or products. The reason for this is that most organisations would rather buy a service or product if it requires specialised knowledge and constant research, as long as an effective supplier is available (Hugo, Van Biljon & Badernhorst-Weiss, 2004: 51). In Eskom Power Delivery Projects (EPDP), there is a capacity constraint on the prerequisite expertise and on the workforce responsible for the physical construction of transmission lines and substations. Thus, the service of physical construction of a transmission line and substation is insourced from a supplier that provides the service. Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish how the client-supplier relationship is established and managed in Eskom Power Delivery Projects (EPDP) for the supply of a service or product. Research method The dissertation studies the process of establishing client-supplier relationship, managing client-supplier relationship and managing supplier performance for the supply of a service or product; and how this is applied in EPDP for the supply of a service or product. To develop this understanding, it is necessary to conduct a qualitative study; this is the reason why qualitative research methodology was used in this dissertation. Conclusion Client-supplier relationship involves both the client and supplier. It needs to be established on a fair basis to avoid conflicts during the supply of a service or product. The client needs to provide the supplier with the scope of service which entails the exact specifications of the required service or product and furthermore provides the supplier with a time schedule that contains due dates by which the supplier is required to deliver. The client needs to set the service or product delivery dates that are realistic and consider the effort and time that is required by the supplier to do the...
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Classifying and assessing the water quality of wetlands impacted by Eskom’s Matla Power Station in the Mpumalanga Province
- Authors: Mokobodi, Makoena Refilwe
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Wetlands - Environmental aspects - South Africa , Wetland ecology - South Africa , Water - Pollution - South Africa , Water quality - South Africa - Analysis , Water quality biological assessment , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58783 , uj:16490
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Sc. (Environmental Management)
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- Authors: Mokobodi, Makoena Refilwe
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Wetlands - Environmental aspects - South Africa , Wetland ecology - South Africa , Water - Pollution - South Africa , Water quality - South Africa - Analysis , Water quality biological assessment , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58783 , uj:16490
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Sc. (Environmental Management)
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The evaluation of project success and failure in an electricity distribution environment
- Shongwe, Chantyle Madidimalo
- Authors: Shongwe, Chantyle Madidimalo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Management , Distributed resources (Electric utilities) , Electric power distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/242328 , uj:24991
- Description: M.Ing. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: South Africa’s power utility distribution division executes numerous projects every financial year.The utility utilises project-management processes to execute these projects. Numerous projects in the organisation are found to have succeeded; while various other projects appear to have barriers. Projects are also delayed at the execution of the project life-cycle stage. As a result of delayed projects, reviews of the Capital expenditure (Capex) show inconsistency, as from the years 2012 to 2015. Delayed projects have caused an under expenditure of the approved budget. There are numerous times when the capital expenditure was overspent due to pressure by management for completion of the backlog of projects and critical projects within the year. This leads to a requirement for critical analysis of the utility’s distribution-project successes and failures. The objective of the research is to critically review and understand what leads to the utility distribution projects’ successes and failures. The literature was gathered to build up information on the topic. The literature from published articles, books and organisation reports is reviewed. The research makes use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. A comprehensive questionnaire is selected as the instrument for the data collection. The questions are guided by the literature review’s findings on the topic. Based on the clear correlation found between the literature’s findings and questionnaire’s results, the following summarised project success factors at distribution division were found: Management support Proper planning Scope management Competency of the project manager Effective communication Competent contractor The respondents also revealed budget and material issues, as contributing to project failure. Furthermore, organisation-specific, results analysis and recommendations are detailed in the dissertation.
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- Authors: Shongwe, Chantyle Madidimalo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Management , Distributed resources (Electric utilities) , Electric power distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/242328 , uj:24991
- Description: M.Ing. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: South Africa’s power utility distribution division executes numerous projects every financial year.The utility utilises project-management processes to execute these projects. Numerous projects in the organisation are found to have succeeded; while various other projects appear to have barriers. Projects are also delayed at the execution of the project life-cycle stage. As a result of delayed projects, reviews of the Capital expenditure (Capex) show inconsistency, as from the years 2012 to 2015. Delayed projects have caused an under expenditure of the approved budget. There are numerous times when the capital expenditure was overspent due to pressure by management for completion of the backlog of projects and critical projects within the year. This leads to a requirement for critical analysis of the utility’s distribution-project successes and failures. The objective of the research is to critically review and understand what leads to the utility distribution projects’ successes and failures. The literature was gathered to build up information on the topic. The literature from published articles, books and organisation reports is reviewed. The research makes use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. A comprehensive questionnaire is selected as the instrument for the data collection. The questions are guided by the literature review’s findings on the topic. Based on the clear correlation found between the literature’s findings and questionnaire’s results, the following summarised project success factors at distribution division were found: Management support Proper planning Scope management Competency of the project manager Effective communication Competent contractor The respondents also revealed budget and material issues, as contributing to project failure. Furthermore, organisation-specific, results analysis and recommendations are detailed in the dissertation.
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The reliability and maintainability of the transmission transformers in South Africa
- Authors: Molabe P.P.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric transformers - South Africa - Maintenance and repair , Electric insulators and insulation , Electric power transmission , Electric power supplies to apparatus
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/286013 , uj:30941
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The power utilities have the challenging task of supplying electricity and meeting stakeholders expectations with constrained resources. Like other power utilities, Eskom has a mandate of generating and distributing electricity in a safe, reliable and cost-effective ways. The success and failure of the South African power utility are depended on the capabilities of the transformers and the maintenance strategies adopted to support the systems. This study presents the finding of the reliability and maintainability analysis of the transmission transformers in Eskom from the period of 2014 to 2016. The study used statistical methods to analyse secondary data from Eskom operational records and reports. During the period of analysis, Eskom experienced twenty-nine failures related to transmission transformers. The study shows that Eskom was operating with the ageing transmission transformers, the protection system and bushings came out as dominating causes for malfunctions. It is recommended that Eskom change the maintenance strategy and focus on replacing the high failing component or systems to improve reliability.
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- Authors: Molabe P.P.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric transformers - South Africa - Maintenance and repair , Electric insulators and insulation , Electric power transmission , Electric power supplies to apparatus
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/286013 , uj:30941
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The power utilities have the challenging task of supplying electricity and meeting stakeholders expectations with constrained resources. Like other power utilities, Eskom has a mandate of generating and distributing electricity in a safe, reliable and cost-effective ways. The success and failure of the South African power utility are depended on the capabilities of the transformers and the maintenance strategies adopted to support the systems. This study presents the finding of the reliability and maintainability analysis of the transmission transformers in Eskom from the period of 2014 to 2016. The study used statistical methods to analyse secondary data from Eskom operational records and reports. During the period of analysis, Eskom experienced twenty-nine failures related to transmission transformers. The study shows that Eskom was operating with the ageing transmission transformers, the protection system and bushings came out as dominating causes for malfunctions. It is recommended that Eskom change the maintenance strategy and focus on replacing the high failing component or systems to improve reliability.
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Energy capital, productive capital and economic growth : a crossmunicipality granger causality analysis
- Authors: Chiviya, Kudzai
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Electric power distribution - South Africa , Electric power distribution - Economic aspects - South Africa , South Africa. Electricity Supply Commission , Electric power failures - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Eskom (Firm) , Power resources - South Africa , Economic development - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271851 , uj:28921
- Description: M.Com. (Local Economic Development) , Abstract: In 2008 South Africa experienced a period of constrained electricity supply, which led to wide-spread blackouts. In order to deal with these electricity capacity constraints, there has since been a shift in focus in the country with significant investment in this sector. Most studies in the energy-economic growth nexus have focused on the economic effects of energy use. There is a body of literature that has looked at infrastructure investment and economic growth, but does not treat energy investment as a particular kind. We argue that it is not only energy consumption that matters for economic growth, but the investment it its production as well. Investors might carefully watch energy capacity development in order to make their investment decisions in other economic sectors, which make investment in energy a possible trigger of capital formation in other sectors and subsequent economic growth. With this hypothesis, our paper investigates the causal relationship between investments in energy and capital formation in other sectors of the economy on one hand, and the causal relations to economic growth on the other. We use annual data for 228 South African municipalities from 1993 to 2015. The paper uses the newly developed heterogeneous panel Granger causality methodology, which improves the traditional causality approaches in accounting for heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel data. Traditional approaches were developed under the assumption of homogeneity in slope, intercept or both, and the independence of panel units. Our findings are therefore more robust to heterogeneity issues and account for individual differences between municipalities. Another difference between this paper and the majority of academic work is our shift in focus from a national level to a local/municipal level. Our findings suggest that there is an overall bidirectional causal relationship between investments in energy, capital formation in other sectors of the economy, and economic growth. This finding highlights the potential that investments in energy have to trigger capital formation in other sectors and promote economic growth. Such findings will have significant local economic development implications in terms of the role of energy capital in attracting capital in other sectors, with broader implications for economic growth in view of job creation and poverty reduction.
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- Authors: Chiviya, Kudzai
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Electric power distribution - South Africa , Electric power distribution - Economic aspects - South Africa , South Africa. Electricity Supply Commission , Electric power failures - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Eskom (Firm) , Power resources - South Africa , Economic development - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271851 , uj:28921
- Description: M.Com. (Local Economic Development) , Abstract: In 2008 South Africa experienced a period of constrained electricity supply, which led to wide-spread blackouts. In order to deal with these electricity capacity constraints, there has since been a shift in focus in the country with significant investment in this sector. Most studies in the energy-economic growth nexus have focused on the economic effects of energy use. There is a body of literature that has looked at infrastructure investment and economic growth, but does not treat energy investment as a particular kind. We argue that it is not only energy consumption that matters for economic growth, but the investment it its production as well. Investors might carefully watch energy capacity development in order to make their investment decisions in other economic sectors, which make investment in energy a possible trigger of capital formation in other sectors and subsequent economic growth. With this hypothesis, our paper investigates the causal relationship between investments in energy and capital formation in other sectors of the economy on one hand, and the causal relations to economic growth on the other. We use annual data for 228 South African municipalities from 1993 to 2015. The paper uses the newly developed heterogeneous panel Granger causality methodology, which improves the traditional causality approaches in accounting for heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel data. Traditional approaches were developed under the assumption of homogeneity in slope, intercept or both, and the independence of panel units. Our findings are therefore more robust to heterogeneity issues and account for individual differences between municipalities. Another difference between this paper and the majority of academic work is our shift in focus from a national level to a local/municipal level. Our findings suggest that there is an overall bidirectional causal relationship between investments in energy, capital formation in other sectors of the economy, and economic growth. This finding highlights the potential that investments in energy have to trigger capital formation in other sectors and promote economic growth. Such findings will have significant local economic development implications in terms of the role of energy capital in attracting capital in other sectors, with broader implications for economic growth in view of job creation and poverty reduction.
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The importance of effective communication for project success
- Authors: Tayob, Rashaad
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Project management - South Africa , Communication in management - South Africa , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/293914 , uj:31968
- Description: Abstract: Effective communication in projects is critical in achieving project success within scope, cost, time and with an acceptable level of quality. The lack thereof or ineffective communication would result in project failure. Project failure goes beyond an ‘unsuccessful project’, but has an inherent effect on the organisation and the end customer. The key objective of the current research is to assess the effectiveness of internal communication during the development of energy infrastructure projects at Eskom Transmission and to understand the communication gaps that exist which ultimately hinder project success. In doing so, the research will answer questions relating to the key requirements for effective communication in a project environment as well as to understanding the state of existing project communications processes, which include key aspects of project stakeholder management, at the power utility. Project stakeholder management was a subset of the project communications management knowledge area in earlier editions of the PMBOK® Guide and was seen as a critical area of project communications that could not be ignored. The quantitative research methodology was used and the process followed was adapted from the Organisational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3®). An online survey was used as the data collection tool. The survey results indicated that lack of effective communication was considered by the vast majority to be a critical factor contributing to projects being delivered late as well as to the escalation of project costs due to scope creep. Existing project communications processes, including the processes of identifying and prioritising stakeholders, did not possess the required levels of maturity. The best communications medium for stakeholder engagements is not always defined and the feedback rate of project communications sent or received is also poor. Project stakeholders the majority of the times do not show active engagement in... , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Tayob, Rashaad
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Project management - South Africa , Communication in management - South Africa , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/293914 , uj:31968
- Description: Abstract: Effective communication in projects is critical in achieving project success within scope, cost, time and with an acceptable level of quality. The lack thereof or ineffective communication would result in project failure. Project failure goes beyond an ‘unsuccessful project’, but has an inherent effect on the organisation and the end customer. The key objective of the current research is to assess the effectiveness of internal communication during the development of energy infrastructure projects at Eskom Transmission and to understand the communication gaps that exist which ultimately hinder project success. In doing so, the research will answer questions relating to the key requirements for effective communication in a project environment as well as to understanding the state of existing project communications processes, which include key aspects of project stakeholder management, at the power utility. Project stakeholder management was a subset of the project communications management knowledge area in earlier editions of the PMBOK® Guide and was seen as a critical area of project communications that could not be ignored. The quantitative research methodology was used and the process followed was adapted from the Organisational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3®). An online survey was used as the data collection tool. The survey results indicated that lack of effective communication was considered by the vast majority to be a critical factor contributing to projects being delivered late as well as to the escalation of project costs due to scope creep. Existing project communications processes, including the processes of identifying and prioritising stakeholders, did not possess the required levels of maturity. The best communications medium for stakeholder engagements is not always defined and the feedback rate of project communications sent or received is also poor. Project stakeholders the majority of the times do not show active engagement in... , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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The integration of quality management systems into the strategic business plan (a case study of Eskom)
- Authors: Xaba-Jama, Nondumiso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Industrial productivity - Measurement , Organizational behavior - South Africa , Corporate culture - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/393863 , uj:32604
- Description: Abstract : ESKOM is mandated to supply electricity to consumers in the Republic of South Africa. Achieving quality in the fulfillment of this crucial mandate is essential for the development of the country. Integrating Quality Management Systems (QMSs) into ESKOM’s strategic business plan can assist this company in meeting its goal of supplying electricity to the satisfaction of its consumers in the country. The review of the existing literature has established that the integration of QMSs principles into a company’s business plan can assist in the achievement of its business goals by providing feedback to managers on progress towards the attainment of the set goals. Barriers to the implementation of QMSs exist. These include managerial attitude, insufficient resources, and lack of employee participation. Although ESKOM has been awarded the ISO 9001 quality standard, it continues to face challenges in realising a steady supply of electricity to customers. This manifests itself in the form of power outages. This research investigated how ESKOM is integrating QMSs into its strategic business plan to ensure the provision of reliable power supply to all consumers in South Africa. Questionnaires were distributed to workers and management at Eskom’s Duvha power station located in Mpumalanga province. The aim was to gather information on how QMSs are being integrated into the company’s strategic business plan. The survey also aimed to identify possible barriers, and establish how the company addresses them. The questionnaire contained questions assessing the implementation of QMSs principles, establishing the barriers and benefits of QMSs implementation, and appraising the performance of the quality department in achieving the company’s set goals. The survey results were used to examine the relationships between behavior, QMSs management principles, benefits of and barriers to the QMSs implementation process. Based on the outcome of the analysed data, it is apparent that the integration of QMS principles into ESKOM’s strategic business plan is of great value to the company: it is assisting in the streamlining of its business operations, to achieve its set goals. , M.Tech. (Operations Management)
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- Authors: Xaba-Jama, Nondumiso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Industrial productivity - Measurement , Organizational behavior - South Africa , Corporate culture - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/393863 , uj:32604
- Description: Abstract : ESKOM is mandated to supply electricity to consumers in the Republic of South Africa. Achieving quality in the fulfillment of this crucial mandate is essential for the development of the country. Integrating Quality Management Systems (QMSs) into ESKOM’s strategic business plan can assist this company in meeting its goal of supplying electricity to the satisfaction of its consumers in the country. The review of the existing literature has established that the integration of QMSs principles into a company’s business plan can assist in the achievement of its business goals by providing feedback to managers on progress towards the attainment of the set goals. Barriers to the implementation of QMSs exist. These include managerial attitude, insufficient resources, and lack of employee participation. Although ESKOM has been awarded the ISO 9001 quality standard, it continues to face challenges in realising a steady supply of electricity to customers. This manifests itself in the form of power outages. This research investigated how ESKOM is integrating QMSs into its strategic business plan to ensure the provision of reliable power supply to all consumers in South Africa. Questionnaires were distributed to workers and management at Eskom’s Duvha power station located in Mpumalanga province. The aim was to gather information on how QMSs are being integrated into the company’s strategic business plan. The survey also aimed to identify possible barriers, and establish how the company addresses them. The questionnaire contained questions assessing the implementation of QMSs principles, establishing the barriers and benefits of QMSs implementation, and appraising the performance of the quality department in achieving the company’s set goals. The survey results were used to examine the relationships between behavior, QMSs management principles, benefits of and barriers to the QMSs implementation process. Based on the outcome of the analysed data, it is apparent that the integration of QMS principles into ESKOM’s strategic business plan is of great value to the company: it is assisting in the streamlining of its business operations, to achieve its set goals. , M.Tech. (Operations Management)
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Life cycle management of equipment in the power generation industry
- Authors: Govender, Lenesh
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Maintenance and repair , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Management , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Equipment and supplies , Electric power production - South Africa - Management
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/83253 , uj:19068
- Description: Abstract: Eskom is the largest power generating utility in South Africa. It mainly utilises coal fired power stations to generate electricity, which are reaching or have reached their mid-life span. Electricity demand has risen substantially over the years and Eskom is currently struggling to meet the demand. It has also deferred their planned maintenance in order to meet the electricity demand. This has resulted in several break-downs on various systems within the power station on a daily basis. These break downs have a direct effect on the availability and reliability of the power station and in certain instances “load shedding” is applied due to lack of electricity generation. The concept of “load shedding” will be discussed later in the minor dissertation. The lack of maintenance of the power stations has resulted in the need for reactive maintenance. In the current economic climate, the maintenance costs of the power stations are relatively big contributors to the financial well-being of Eskom. This minor dissertation focuses on the theoretical background of reliability engineering and how it is practically applied towards a system in the Power Station. It covers the approach towards managing the maintenance of a specific system in the Power Station. This minor dissertation provides the reader with concepts related to maintenance management and utilises a case study to illustrate these concepts practically. It also discusses the development of a maintenance strategy with respect to a system in the Power Station. The objective of maintenance management will be discussed and the logical framework that will be used to achieve these maintenance objectives will be investigated. The various options that could be used to move the entire system in the Power Station to preventative maintenance will be discussed in this minor dissertation. The benefits of preventative maintenance will also be discussed. Condition monitoring will be discussed as well as the role of continuous improvement of the maintenance system. , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Govender, Lenesh
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Maintenance and repair , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Management , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Equipment and supplies , Electric power production - South Africa - Management
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/83253 , uj:19068
- Description: Abstract: Eskom is the largest power generating utility in South Africa. It mainly utilises coal fired power stations to generate electricity, which are reaching or have reached their mid-life span. Electricity demand has risen substantially over the years and Eskom is currently struggling to meet the demand. It has also deferred their planned maintenance in order to meet the electricity demand. This has resulted in several break-downs on various systems within the power station on a daily basis. These break downs have a direct effect on the availability and reliability of the power station and in certain instances “load shedding” is applied due to lack of electricity generation. The concept of “load shedding” will be discussed later in the minor dissertation. The lack of maintenance of the power stations has resulted in the need for reactive maintenance. In the current economic climate, the maintenance costs of the power stations are relatively big contributors to the financial well-being of Eskom. This minor dissertation focuses on the theoretical background of reliability engineering and how it is practically applied towards a system in the Power Station. It covers the approach towards managing the maintenance of a specific system in the Power Station. This minor dissertation provides the reader with concepts related to maintenance management and utilises a case study to illustrate these concepts practically. It also discusses the development of a maintenance strategy with respect to a system in the Power Station. The objective of maintenance management will be discussed and the logical framework that will be used to achieve these maintenance objectives will be investigated. The various options that could be used to move the entire system in the Power Station to preventative maintenance will be discussed in this minor dissertation. The benefits of preventative maintenance will also be discussed. Condition monitoring will be discussed as well as the role of continuous improvement of the maintenance system. , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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Investigation and mitigation of technical electric power losses within City Power distribution network : South African case study
- Authors: Bakana, S. R.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Electric power-plants - South Africa - Load , Electric power-plants - Simulation methods , Electric power-plants - Efficiency , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/225142 , uj:22732
- Description: Abstract: The national grid is found more constrained, influenced by the growth in population and electrical usage, in addition to South Africa’s electricity sole power supplier (Eskom’s) load shedding scenario due to generating constraints. As the distribution network change its normal business, energy efficiency is the dominating term and the reduction of technical losses is one of the sections that needs attention in the emerging economy of South Africa. This dissertation evaluates different loads (residential, commercial and industrial), utilizing calculations through load factor improvement and simulation (DIgSILENT) methodologies in order to develop accurate and authentic results. These results are further analysed to develop optimum solution, mainly around improving the load factor with battery energy storage by peak shaving. The dissertation focuses on improving technical losses due to circulating current (I2R), thereby improving the overall energy efficiency that can further boost the operational efficiency and planning equipment’s of the electrical network when a battery energy storage is involved. , M.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
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- Authors: Bakana, S. R.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Electric power-plants - South Africa - Load , Electric power-plants - Simulation methods , Electric power-plants - Efficiency , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/225142 , uj:22732
- Description: Abstract: The national grid is found more constrained, influenced by the growth in population and electrical usage, in addition to South Africa’s electricity sole power supplier (Eskom’s) load shedding scenario due to generating constraints. As the distribution network change its normal business, energy efficiency is the dominating term and the reduction of technical losses is one of the sections that needs attention in the emerging economy of South Africa. This dissertation evaluates different loads (residential, commercial and industrial), utilizing calculations through load factor improvement and simulation (DIgSILENT) methodologies in order to develop accurate and authentic results. These results are further analysed to develop optimum solution, mainly around improving the load factor with battery energy storage by peak shaving. The dissertation focuses on improving technical losses due to circulating current (I2R), thereby improving the overall energy efficiency that can further boost the operational efficiency and planning equipment’s of the electrical network when a battery energy storage is involved. , M.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
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Evaluating an empirical relationship between recloser placement and reliability improvement in distribution networks
- Authors: Thomas, Ponny
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Electric networks , Electric power distribution , Electric power transmission , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213003 , uj:21065
- Description: Abstract: The National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) has implemented an Incentive- Based Regulation (IBR) scheme that either rewards or penalizes distributors on the System- Average Interruption-Duration Index (SAIDI) and other network performance indices [1]. The optimal placement of automatic reclosers (auto-reclosers) is seen as a cost-effective measure to reduce the system-average interruption-duration index (SAIDI) impact along a medium voltage (MV) feeder. An auto-recloser is seen as a function of distribution automation (DA), thus reducing customer impact. A great advantage of a correctly implemented and operated DA system can improve network reliability significantly. This dissertation evaluates the empirical relationship between recloser placement and reliability from the perspective of control and instrumentation within ESKOM. It also puts forward an additional performance-improvement framework that can be implemented to achieve RAM (Reliability, Availability and Maintainability) management. Loop automation functionality is also under discussion; this is a Distribution-System Automation-scheme that restores the supply to the fault-free sections of a network, if they have been disconnected, because of a fault in another section of the network. Loop automation can also restore the normal network configuration automatically, when the faulty section is repaired. The process of isolating the faulty section and re-configuring the network to restore supply back to the fault-free sections is the first capability of Loop Automation. This research investigation assesses two different scenarios, namely: A conventional implementation of auto-reclosers on MV networks using Eskom reliability standard; and (ii.) the findings of a case-study using this recloser implementation (loop automation) to improve the reliability and the system’s performance. Results obtained are presented and discussed. , M.Phil. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Thomas, Ponny
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Electric networks , Electric power distribution , Electric power transmission , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213003 , uj:21065
- Description: Abstract: The National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) has implemented an Incentive- Based Regulation (IBR) scheme that either rewards or penalizes distributors on the System- Average Interruption-Duration Index (SAIDI) and other network performance indices [1]. The optimal placement of automatic reclosers (auto-reclosers) is seen as a cost-effective measure to reduce the system-average interruption-duration index (SAIDI) impact along a medium voltage (MV) feeder. An auto-recloser is seen as a function of distribution automation (DA), thus reducing customer impact. A great advantage of a correctly implemented and operated DA system can improve network reliability significantly. This dissertation evaluates the empirical relationship between recloser placement and reliability from the perspective of control and instrumentation within ESKOM. It also puts forward an additional performance-improvement framework that can be implemented to achieve RAM (Reliability, Availability and Maintainability) management. Loop automation functionality is also under discussion; this is a Distribution-System Automation-scheme that restores the supply to the fault-free sections of a network, if they have been disconnected, because of a fault in another section of the network. Loop automation can also restore the normal network configuration automatically, when the faulty section is repaired. The process of isolating the faulty section and re-configuring the network to restore supply back to the fault-free sections is the first capability of Loop Automation. This research investigation assesses two different scenarios, namely: A conventional implementation of auto-reclosers on MV networks using Eskom reliability standard; and (ii.) the findings of a case-study using this recloser implementation (loop automation) to improve the reliability and the system’s performance. Results obtained are presented and discussed. , M.Phil. (Engineering Management)
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The impact of project definition readiness index on capital projects for coal-fired power station projects
- Authors: Motsepe, Yolisa Andi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Projects, Economic development , Economic development projects - Cost effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/280470 , uj:30138
- Description: Abstract: ESKOM constantly manages capital projects to sustain its assets (power stations, transmission lines, distribution lines and buildings) and to increase its operational life cycle. The past decade was marked by an increasing number of capital projects, completed by the power utility in South Africa, meeting the organisation's objectives to supply power. ESKOM expanded its generation and transmission capacity to meet South Africa’s energy demands. ESKOM adapted the Project Definition Readiness Index (PDRI) instrument as part of its Front End Planning (FEP), to address the challenge of poor scope definition resulting in scope creep, project costs escalations and delays. The PDRI provides a quantitative measure of the level of the scope definition of the project. It correlates the level of the scope definition to project success factors. This research focussed on evaluating the impact of the PDRI on ESKOM’s coal generation capital projects. A case study evaluated the direct and indirect outcome of the PDRI on ESKOM’s FEP for capital projects. The case study was based on completed projects; one project underwent Project Definition Readiness Index Assessment (PDRA) in FEP whilst the additional project did not. The main findings were that the project that completed PDRI as part of FEP performed better than that which did not undergo the PDRA. The project that completed PDRA spent less than the budgeted amount and it completed earlier than the schedule time. The project that did not complete PDRI as part of its FEP planning, had several change orders due to scope changes, resulting in changes in the project contractual basis, leading to costs escalation and delays in the schedules. Earned value management principles were used to evaluate the project performance of the completed projects. Interviews were conducted to evaluate customer satisfaction with PDRI. The outcome indicated that the users of the PDRI instrument are satisfied with the value it added in the FEP. There was a strong indication that the PDRI instrument assisted the project team in planning for the next project phase, as the instrument identifies outstanding items that need to be addressed. The interviews also evaluated how the project team impact the PDRI score. As the use of PDRI matures, and more... , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Motsepe, Yolisa Andi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Projects, Economic development , Economic development projects - Cost effectiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/280470 , uj:30138
- Description: Abstract: ESKOM constantly manages capital projects to sustain its assets (power stations, transmission lines, distribution lines and buildings) and to increase its operational life cycle. The past decade was marked by an increasing number of capital projects, completed by the power utility in South Africa, meeting the organisation's objectives to supply power. ESKOM expanded its generation and transmission capacity to meet South Africa’s energy demands. ESKOM adapted the Project Definition Readiness Index (PDRI) instrument as part of its Front End Planning (FEP), to address the challenge of poor scope definition resulting in scope creep, project costs escalations and delays. The PDRI provides a quantitative measure of the level of the scope definition of the project. It correlates the level of the scope definition to project success factors. This research focussed on evaluating the impact of the PDRI on ESKOM’s coal generation capital projects. A case study evaluated the direct and indirect outcome of the PDRI on ESKOM’s FEP for capital projects. The case study was based on completed projects; one project underwent Project Definition Readiness Index Assessment (PDRA) in FEP whilst the additional project did not. The main findings were that the project that completed PDRI as part of FEP performed better than that which did not undergo the PDRA. The project that completed PDRA spent less than the budgeted amount and it completed earlier than the schedule time. The project that did not complete PDRI as part of its FEP planning, had several change orders due to scope changes, resulting in changes in the project contractual basis, leading to costs escalation and delays in the schedules. Earned value management principles were used to evaluate the project performance of the completed projects. Interviews were conducted to evaluate customer satisfaction with PDRI. The outcome indicated that the users of the PDRI instrument are satisfied with the value it added in the FEP. There was a strong indication that the PDRI instrument assisted the project team in planning for the next project phase, as the instrument identifies outstanding items that need to be addressed. The interviews also evaluated how the project team impact the PDRI score. As the use of PDRI matures, and more... , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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Integration aspects of risk based inspection and maintenance based on ISO 9001
- Authors: Xaba, Lungisani
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power-plants - Maintenance and repair , Electric power-plants Q- uality control , Electric power-plants - Efficiency
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/263132 , uj:27811
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: This mini dissertation describes the development and implementation of Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance termed RBIM for Eskom’s Power Generation Fleet. This study is as a result of the changes in the regulations governing vessels under pressure. The current fleet of Eskom power stations consists of 87 power generating units including Koeberg with a net capacity of 42000 MW. The challenge with the current fleet is that 63 units have either reached or exceeded their design life which poses legal and regulatory compliance threat to Eskom. To be compliant to legal and regulatory requirements Eskom had to comply with in-service inspection and testing interval requirements referred to regulation 11.1.d or implement regulation 12 of the PER in the face of load shedding. Eskom could not afford extended outages due to maintenance and opted of the implementation of a certified risk based inspection and maintenance management system. The aim of risk based inspection and maintenance is to improve safety, pressure equipment integrity, reliability, availability and maximized plant life. This mini dissertation looks at how RBIM process was developed, implemented and certified in the Eskom Power Generation fleet specifically 10 Power Stations. Audit reports from certification body and internal audit reports were analyzed to establish the integration aspects of the RIMAP process and ISO 9001 requirements, as well as the role played by quality assurance of, as well as the role played by quality assurance officers in the implementation and sustainability of the RBIM process. The outcome of the study revealed that there are a lot of similar requirements from RIMAP process requirements and ISO 9001 requirements that can be integrated to function holistically. The results also indicated that quality assurance officers have an important role to play in guiding the implementation, certification and sustainability of the process through continual improvement. The mini dissertation then concludes with the recommendations for power stations and other organisations wishing to implement such a framework and the need for future research.
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- Authors: Xaba, Lungisani
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power-plants - Maintenance and repair , Electric power-plants Q- uality control , Electric power-plants - Efficiency
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/263132 , uj:27811
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: This mini dissertation describes the development and implementation of Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance termed RBIM for Eskom’s Power Generation Fleet. This study is as a result of the changes in the regulations governing vessels under pressure. The current fleet of Eskom power stations consists of 87 power generating units including Koeberg with a net capacity of 42000 MW. The challenge with the current fleet is that 63 units have either reached or exceeded their design life which poses legal and regulatory compliance threat to Eskom. To be compliant to legal and regulatory requirements Eskom had to comply with in-service inspection and testing interval requirements referred to regulation 11.1.d or implement regulation 12 of the PER in the face of load shedding. Eskom could not afford extended outages due to maintenance and opted of the implementation of a certified risk based inspection and maintenance management system. The aim of risk based inspection and maintenance is to improve safety, pressure equipment integrity, reliability, availability and maximized plant life. This mini dissertation looks at how RBIM process was developed, implemented and certified in the Eskom Power Generation fleet specifically 10 Power Stations. Audit reports from certification body and internal audit reports were analyzed to establish the integration aspects of the RIMAP process and ISO 9001 requirements, as well as the role played by quality assurance of, as well as the role played by quality assurance officers in the implementation and sustainability of the RBIM process. The outcome of the study revealed that there are a lot of similar requirements from RIMAP process requirements and ISO 9001 requirements that can be integrated to function holistically. The results also indicated that quality assurance officers have an important role to play in guiding the implementation, certification and sustainability of the process through continual improvement. The mini dissertation then concludes with the recommendations for power stations and other organisations wishing to implement such a framework and the need for future research.
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Exploring procedures to fast track projects in Eskom Gauteng Operating Unit
- Authors: Mbundu, T. L.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Project management , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213305 , uj:21133
- Description: Abstract: The fast track project strategy is designed to execute design, procurement and construction phases concurrently to significantly decrease the project schedule. The design phase is more important in fast track projects because design and construction are implemented almost simultaneously. The successful implementation of design procedure in fast track projects is very challenging because the compressed schedule interferes with the inherently iterative nature of design, resulting in sub-optimal design. The typical lack of time for pre-project planning in fast track projects outcomes in insufficient development of project and design scope, causing costly changes during project implementation which result in project cost exceeds and the project is behind schedule and the quality deteriorates of the final output. The fast track project delivery strategy is being utilised in industrial projects to reduce the time to the market, making the study of best practices for management of design in fast track industrial projects more cogent (Deshpan, 2009). As this study is deductive in nature, contributing in testing a theory and using questionnaire as an instrument for collecting data, therefore, the research methodology of this study is considered quantitative. In fast track projects, the different phases of the project such as the design, procurement and construction are implemented concurrently. This makes major fights with the important design procedure because the design is rushed in order not to delay the construction on site. As a result there will be mistakes on the designs, because what is on site/field must correspond to the final design drawings. There are numerous reasons for fast tracking a project. If there is a lack of investment in time and resources in the planning phase, then the project will be behind schedule and the costs will be very high. Experts have often recommended project managers to anticipate, accept and budget for changes / rework in fast track projects (Williams 1995). All the relevant stakeholders should be dedicated to the project. The feedback from various stakeholders has to be received in less time in a compressed schedule resulting in many problems including increased noise generation, information overload, delay in information transmission, translation difficulties between disciplines, lack of time for reflection and exploration of design and rapid transmission of errors (Elvin 2003). , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Mbundu, T. L.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Project management , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213305 , uj:21133
- Description: Abstract: The fast track project strategy is designed to execute design, procurement and construction phases concurrently to significantly decrease the project schedule. The design phase is more important in fast track projects because design and construction are implemented almost simultaneously. The successful implementation of design procedure in fast track projects is very challenging because the compressed schedule interferes with the inherently iterative nature of design, resulting in sub-optimal design. The typical lack of time for pre-project planning in fast track projects outcomes in insufficient development of project and design scope, causing costly changes during project implementation which result in project cost exceeds and the project is behind schedule and the quality deteriorates of the final output. The fast track project delivery strategy is being utilised in industrial projects to reduce the time to the market, making the study of best practices for management of design in fast track industrial projects more cogent (Deshpan, 2009). As this study is deductive in nature, contributing in testing a theory and using questionnaire as an instrument for collecting data, therefore, the research methodology of this study is considered quantitative. In fast track projects, the different phases of the project such as the design, procurement and construction are implemented concurrently. This makes major fights with the important design procedure because the design is rushed in order not to delay the construction on site. As a result there will be mistakes on the designs, because what is on site/field must correspond to the final design drawings. There are numerous reasons for fast tracking a project. If there is a lack of investment in time and resources in the planning phase, then the project will be behind schedule and the costs will be very high. Experts have often recommended project managers to anticipate, accept and budget for changes / rework in fast track projects (Williams 1995). All the relevant stakeholders should be dedicated to the project. The feedback from various stakeholders has to be received in less time in a compressed schedule resulting in many problems including increased noise generation, information overload, delay in information transmission, translation difficulties between disciplines, lack of time for reflection and exploration of design and rapid transmission of errors (Elvin 2003). , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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Critical success factors for instrumentation and control projects within the power industry in South Africa
- Authors: Mathew, Sheeba
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric utilities - South Africa - Equipment and supplies , Electric utilities - Management , Demand-side management (Electric utilities) , Electric power distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/242274 , uj:24984
- Description: M.Ing. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The energy sector in South Africa has experienced major shortfalls in meeting the country’s energy demands. This lack of generating capacity is attributed to delays in the approval of new infrastructure and the increase in the country’s economic growth between the years 1994 and 2007 [1]. The electricity producer Eskom Holdings SOC (State Owned Company) Limited, has since implemented initiatives that are aimed to address the energy supply shortfalls. One such initiative is the refurbishment of the existing operational fleet of coal fired power stations. The overall intention of this initiative being to extend plant operating life, improve reliability and availability as well as to align these assets to current safety standards. The operating life of power stations often resides between forty to fifty years. Within this lifecycle instrumentation & control (I&C) upgrades are planned and executed to secure the continued reliable operation of the generating assets. These projects often entail the full upgrade or refurbishment of the power station’s process control system [2]. The research identifies the critical success factors to be considered for I&C projects rolled out within the energy generating sector in South Africa. The study is established on a comprehensive literature review that provides insight into the South African energy industry, I&C environment and business architectural framework processes. The review covers the spectrum of people, plant and processes and sheds light onto the critical success factors (CSFs) to be considered during the different project phases. The identified CSFs are used to formulate the framework of a survey distributed amongst key stakeholders from the operating, engineering, maintenance and project management fraternity. The results of the survey is analysed to identify the relevant CSFs across the different project phases. An insight into the organisation’s change management maturity is provided by evaluating the identified CSFs with those established through the literature review. The research work concludes with the proposal of CSFs for I&C projects within the power generation industry and provides recommendations for future studies.
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- Authors: Mathew, Sheeba
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric utilities - South Africa - Equipment and supplies , Electric utilities - Management , Demand-side management (Electric utilities) , Electric power distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/242274 , uj:24984
- Description: M.Ing. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The energy sector in South Africa has experienced major shortfalls in meeting the country’s energy demands. This lack of generating capacity is attributed to delays in the approval of new infrastructure and the increase in the country’s economic growth between the years 1994 and 2007 [1]. The electricity producer Eskom Holdings SOC (State Owned Company) Limited, has since implemented initiatives that are aimed to address the energy supply shortfalls. One such initiative is the refurbishment of the existing operational fleet of coal fired power stations. The overall intention of this initiative being to extend plant operating life, improve reliability and availability as well as to align these assets to current safety standards. The operating life of power stations often resides between forty to fifty years. Within this lifecycle instrumentation & control (I&C) upgrades are planned and executed to secure the continued reliable operation of the generating assets. These projects often entail the full upgrade or refurbishment of the power station’s process control system [2]. The research identifies the critical success factors to be considered for I&C projects rolled out within the energy generating sector in South Africa. The study is established on a comprehensive literature review that provides insight into the South African energy industry, I&C environment and business architectural framework processes. The review covers the spectrum of people, plant and processes and sheds light onto the critical success factors (CSFs) to be considered during the different project phases. The identified CSFs are used to formulate the framework of a survey distributed amongst key stakeholders from the operating, engineering, maintenance and project management fraternity. The results of the survey is analysed to identify the relevant CSFs across the different project phases. An insight into the organisation’s change management maturity is provided by evaluating the identified CSFs with those established through the literature review. The research work concludes with the proposal of CSFs for I&C projects within the power generation industry and provides recommendations for future studies.
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An analysis of Eskom’s strategic sourcing as a catalyst for supplier development
- Authors: Mbiko, Mzoxolo Elliot
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Industrial procurement - South Africa , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124561 , uj:20931
- Description: Abstract: Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd (a State-Owned Company), Registration Number 2002/015527/30, is South Africa’s primary electricity supplier which is wholly owned by the South African government. Eskom’s mission is to provide sustainable electricity solutions to grow the economy and improve the quality of life of the people in South Africa and in the region. Owing to its strategic importance in the country, Eskom is compelled to procure different commodities and services strategically to ensure sustainable electricity provision to consumers while driving supplier development for security of supply. As a result, strategic sourcing was introduced as a way to procure commodities and supplier development as a mechanism to drive industry growth in the energy sector. To maximise multiple benefits for the company, integration and collaborative framework between strategic sourcing and supplier development is a fundamental aspect that should be given attention. The study analysed how strategic sourcing can be a catalyst for supplier development in Eskom. An exploratory research design and a mixed research methods (quantitative and qualitative) were employed. Non-probability purposive sampling was applied to select respondents and participants. Survey instruments (semi-structured questionnaires) were administered to commodity managers and middle managers in Commodity Sourcing and Supplier Development and Localisation departments respectively. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with executive management at Eskom. Data were analysed through content analysis. The results and findings of the study revealed that there is no unified and systematic approach on the planning, implementation and monitoring tasks between the two departments. It was found that procurement spend in Commodity Sourcing is used to drive supplier development objectives but commodity managers are not contracted on the objectives. Nevertheless, strategic sourcing is viewed as a great mechanism to advance supplier development objectives provided a joint planning, execution and monitoring and reporting is done appropriately. It is important that an operating model between the two departments or entire Group Commercial be reviewed and four recommendations and areas for future research are articulated. , M.Com. (Business Management)
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- Authors: Mbiko, Mzoxolo Elliot
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Industrial procurement - South Africa , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124561 , uj:20931
- Description: Abstract: Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd (a State-Owned Company), Registration Number 2002/015527/30, is South Africa’s primary electricity supplier which is wholly owned by the South African government. Eskom’s mission is to provide sustainable electricity solutions to grow the economy and improve the quality of life of the people in South Africa and in the region. Owing to its strategic importance in the country, Eskom is compelled to procure different commodities and services strategically to ensure sustainable electricity provision to consumers while driving supplier development for security of supply. As a result, strategic sourcing was introduced as a way to procure commodities and supplier development as a mechanism to drive industry growth in the energy sector. To maximise multiple benefits for the company, integration and collaborative framework between strategic sourcing and supplier development is a fundamental aspect that should be given attention. The study analysed how strategic sourcing can be a catalyst for supplier development in Eskom. An exploratory research design and a mixed research methods (quantitative and qualitative) were employed. Non-probability purposive sampling was applied to select respondents and participants. Survey instruments (semi-structured questionnaires) were administered to commodity managers and middle managers in Commodity Sourcing and Supplier Development and Localisation departments respectively. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with executive management at Eskom. Data were analysed through content analysis. The results and findings of the study revealed that there is no unified and systematic approach on the planning, implementation and monitoring tasks between the two departments. It was found that procurement spend in Commodity Sourcing is used to drive supplier development objectives but commodity managers are not contracted on the objectives. Nevertheless, strategic sourcing is viewed as a great mechanism to advance supplier development objectives provided a joint planning, execution and monitoring and reporting is done appropriately. It is important that an operating model between the two departments or entire Group Commercial be reviewed and four recommendations and areas for future research are articulated. , M.Com. (Business Management)
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Cost analysis : power generation plants versus demand side management programmes
- Authors: Mulongo, Ndala Yves
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Electric power-plants - South Africa - Costs , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Management , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Equipment and supplies , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213026 , uj:21068
- Description: Abstract: Over the last decade, South Africa has been experiencing an electricity supply crisis. This power crisis has been threatening the stability of the national power grid. The crisis was caused by insufficient generation capacity as well as an increased demand for electricity. In order to counteract this situation, the state owned electricity utility, Eskom decided to increase its power capacity by building new power plants, and implementing demand side management (DSM) initiatives to save energy. All of this came at a cost. Therefore, the present study was aimed at helping decision makers in the South African electricity sector to decide on the optimum funding allocation for the above projects. The research methodology adopted in this study was cost analysis. Three levels of cost comparison were developed in this study. These were based on power generating technologies (coal, gas, nuclear, wind, concentrated solar power, and solar photovoltaic), and on DSM programmes (residential mass rollouts, standard offer programme, standard product programme, performance contracting programme, and energy services companies model mass rollouts). The first level analysed the costs of building power plants as well as costs of producing electricity using different power generating technologies. The second level analysed the costs of implementing DSM programmes as well as costs of saving energy by implementing DSM programmes. Lastly, the third level analysed the costs of building power plants against the costs of implementing DSM programmes, as well as assessing the costs of producing electricity versus the costs of saving energy. The results for both power plants and DSM measures were tested through sensitivity analyses. At the first comparison, it was revealed that renewable energy technologies have the highest costs, higher than other generating technologies. At this level, a conclusion was drawn up in three parts noting that (1) although renewable technologies are expensive, they should be given more weight due to the fact that they are inexhaustible, (2) they guarantee safety to the environment, and (3) they do not emit greenhouse gases into the environment. At the second level of cost comparison, it was demonstrated that residential mass rollout (RMR) has the highest cost, higher than any other programme. At this level, it was concluded that due to the target market of RMR, which is residential sector, RMR should be given more weight, because more energy is wasted in this sector. It was further observed that residential consumers use a lot of electricity during peak period, and this increases during the winter season. The third level of cost comparison demonstrated that DSM measures were the resource alternative available at the lowest cost to the electricity utility. Hence, DSM initiatives could help to alleviate power outages issues and therefore, delay the need for building new power plants. Since DSM initiatives were found to be cheaper to run, their implementations meant that the utility would save billions of Rand by not using large amounts of water, coal, fuel, operating the plant at lower levels of intensify and doing less maintenance on the power plant. , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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- Authors: Mulongo, Ndala Yves
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Electric power-plants - South Africa - Costs , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Management , Electric power-plants - South Africa - Equipment and supplies , Eskom (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213026 , uj:21068
- Description: Abstract: Over the last decade, South Africa has been experiencing an electricity supply crisis. This power crisis has been threatening the stability of the national power grid. The crisis was caused by insufficient generation capacity as well as an increased demand for electricity. In order to counteract this situation, the state owned electricity utility, Eskom decided to increase its power capacity by building new power plants, and implementing demand side management (DSM) initiatives to save energy. All of this came at a cost. Therefore, the present study was aimed at helping decision makers in the South African electricity sector to decide on the optimum funding allocation for the above projects. The research methodology adopted in this study was cost analysis. Three levels of cost comparison were developed in this study. These were based on power generating technologies (coal, gas, nuclear, wind, concentrated solar power, and solar photovoltaic), and on DSM programmes (residential mass rollouts, standard offer programme, standard product programme, performance contracting programme, and energy services companies model mass rollouts). The first level analysed the costs of building power plants as well as costs of producing electricity using different power generating technologies. The second level analysed the costs of implementing DSM programmes as well as costs of saving energy by implementing DSM programmes. Lastly, the third level analysed the costs of building power plants against the costs of implementing DSM programmes, as well as assessing the costs of producing electricity versus the costs of saving energy. The results for both power plants and DSM measures were tested through sensitivity analyses. At the first comparison, it was revealed that renewable energy technologies have the highest costs, higher than other generating technologies. At this level, a conclusion was drawn up in three parts noting that (1) although renewable technologies are expensive, they should be given more weight due to the fact that they are inexhaustible, (2) they guarantee safety to the environment, and (3) they do not emit greenhouse gases into the environment. At the second level of cost comparison, it was demonstrated that residential mass rollout (RMR) has the highest cost, higher than any other programme. At this level, it was concluded that due to the target market of RMR, which is residential sector, RMR should be given more weight, because more energy is wasted in this sector. It was further observed that residential consumers use a lot of electricity during peak period, and this increases during the winter season. The third level of cost comparison demonstrated that DSM measures were the resource alternative available at the lowest cost to the electricity utility. Hence, DSM initiatives could help to alleviate power outages issues and therefore, delay the need for building new power plants. Since DSM initiatives were found to be cheaper to run, their implementations meant that the utility would save billions of Rand by not using large amounts of water, coal, fuel, operating the plant at lower levels of intensify and doing less maintenance on the power plant. , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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