Entrepreneurial orientation as one construct and the moderating effect of internal control measures
- Authors: Hewitt, L. M. M.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , Firm performance , Internal processes
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244565 , uj:25292 , Citation: Hewitt, L.M.M. 2017. Entrepreneurial orientation as one construct and the moderating effect of internal control measures.
- Description: Abstract: Firstly this paper explores and seeks to confirm if Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) should be used as five separate dimensions or as one construct. Secondly this paper used the Balanced Scorecard adopted to measure Firm Performance (FP) as currently literature differ in what is used when the relationship between EO and FP is tested. Thirdly, this paper reports and seeks to confirm the relationship between EO (dimensions) and FP (dimensions). Principle result: A sample size of N = 500 companies was used. Results indicated that EO should be measured as one construct and that tighter Internal Control Efficiency steered towards lower EO and this will impact negatively on FP.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hewitt, L. M. M.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , Firm performance , Internal processes
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244565 , uj:25292 , Citation: Hewitt, L.M.M. 2017. Entrepreneurial orientation as one construct and the moderating effect of internal control measures.
- Description: Abstract: Firstly this paper explores and seeks to confirm if Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) should be used as five separate dimensions or as one construct. Secondly this paper used the Balanced Scorecard adopted to measure Firm Performance (FP) as currently literature differ in what is used when the relationship between EO and FP is tested. Thirdly, this paper reports and seeks to confirm the relationship between EO (dimensions) and FP (dimensions). Principle result: A sample size of N = 500 companies was used. Results indicated that EO should be measured as one construct and that tighter Internal Control Efficiency steered towards lower EO and this will impact negatively on FP.
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Leadership challenges associated with the management of Generation Y employees : a proposed theoretical model
- Hewitt, L. M. M., Ukpere, Wilfred I.
- Authors: Hewitt, L. M. M. , Ukpere, Wilfred I.
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Management , Leadership , Generation Y , Gen-Yers , Motivation , Entrepreneurial orientation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5861 , ISSN 1993-8233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7958
- Description: This paper acknowledges that Generation Y (Gen-Yers), who have grown up in a world of convenience and easy access to information, are more complex to lead and to understand than generations before them. Gen-Yers have entered the labour market at a time when the current labour force is aging in the world and in South Africa. Gen-Yers are working with forty to sixty-year-olds and in some cases supervising employees old enough to be their parents. If unhappy with work circumstances Gen-Yers change careers fast, thus creating frustration for employers struggling to retain and recruit talented high-performers. According to the report for the Future of Small Business Management (2007) issued by the Institute for the Future (IFTF) based in California which has forecasted emerging trends affecting the global marketplace for 40 years, Gen-Yers, will emerge as the most entrepreneurial generation ever in the next decade. These highly independent individuals will rather be small business owners or freelancers and will choose not to work for large corporations. What are the leadership challenges facing South African companies when they engage with Gen-Yers? Firstly, this paper explores the concept Gen-Yers, as discussed in the theory. Secondly the paper further explores possible conflicting areas between current leadership practices and Gen-Yers. The paper concludes by supporting the value that Gen-Yers can bring to companies and suggests some practices that can be adopted by leadership to engage and motivate them and at the same time ensure that their companies stay ahead of competitors by keeping Gen-Yers motivated to stay in their employment. A theoretical model is suggested for testing Gen-Yers tenure of employment relationship.
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- Authors: Hewitt, L. M. M. , Ukpere, Wilfred I.
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Management , Leadership , Generation Y , Gen-Yers , Motivation , Entrepreneurial orientation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5861 , ISSN 1993-8233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7958
- Description: This paper acknowledges that Generation Y (Gen-Yers), who have grown up in a world of convenience and easy access to information, are more complex to lead and to understand than generations before them. Gen-Yers have entered the labour market at a time when the current labour force is aging in the world and in South Africa. Gen-Yers are working with forty to sixty-year-olds and in some cases supervising employees old enough to be their parents. If unhappy with work circumstances Gen-Yers change careers fast, thus creating frustration for employers struggling to retain and recruit talented high-performers. According to the report for the Future of Small Business Management (2007) issued by the Institute for the Future (IFTF) based in California which has forecasted emerging trends affecting the global marketplace for 40 years, Gen-Yers, will emerge as the most entrepreneurial generation ever in the next decade. These highly independent individuals will rather be small business owners or freelancers and will choose not to work for large corporations. What are the leadership challenges facing South African companies when they engage with Gen-Yers? Firstly, this paper explores the concept Gen-Yers, as discussed in the theory. Secondly the paper further explores possible conflicting areas between current leadership practices and Gen-Yers. The paper concludes by supporting the value that Gen-Yers can bring to companies and suggests some practices that can be adopted by leadership to engage and motivate them and at the same time ensure that their companies stay ahead of competitors by keeping Gen-Yers motivated to stay in their employment. A theoretical model is suggested for testing Gen-Yers tenure of employment relationship.
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The moderating role of antecedents when using entrepreneurial orientation to predict firm performance
- Hewitt, L. M. M., Roodt, Gerhard
- Authors: Hewitt, L. M. M. , Roodt, Gerhard
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , Antecedents , External contextual knowledge
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244461 , uj:25278 , Citation: Hewitt, L. M. M. & Roodt, G. 2017. The moderating role of antecedents when using entrepreneurial orientation to predict firm performance.
- Description: Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present how the following antecedents: external contextual knowledge; internal environment; the founder or owner and biographical factors impacted on entrepreneurial orientation and therefore predicted firm performance. The paper further supports that a firm’s knowledge of its external contextual environment, which is mediated by its internal organization, independently or interactively predicts entrepreneurial orientation and if entrepreneurial orientation is strategically adopted it will lead to an increase in firm performance. Data from 500 small businesses in the Gauteng Province, South Africa were used. Exploratory Factor analysis was used to test factor structures. A process of model modification using General Linear Modeling was followed and a final predictive model is presented.
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- Authors: Hewitt, L. M. M. , Roodt, Gerhard
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , Antecedents , External contextual knowledge
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244461 , uj:25278 , Citation: Hewitt, L. M. M. & Roodt, G. 2017. The moderating role of antecedents when using entrepreneurial orientation to predict firm performance.
- Description: Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present how the following antecedents: external contextual knowledge; internal environment; the founder or owner and biographical factors impacted on entrepreneurial orientation and therefore predicted firm performance. The paper further supports that a firm’s knowledge of its external contextual environment, which is mediated by its internal organization, independently or interactively predicts entrepreneurial orientation and if entrepreneurial orientation is strategically adopted it will lead to an increase in firm performance. Data from 500 small businesses in the Gauteng Province, South Africa were used. Exploratory Factor analysis was used to test factor structures. A process of model modification using General Linear Modeling was followed and a final predictive model is presented.
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Effects of entrepreneurial orientation and external business environment on entrepreneurial intentions of STEM students in Nigeria
- Jegede, O., Nieuwenhuizen, C.
- Authors: Jegede, O. , Nieuwenhuizen, C.
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial intention , Entrepreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurship education
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489587 , uj:44645 , Citation: Jegede, O. and Nieuwenhuizen, C., 2021. Effects of entrepreneurial orientation and external business environment on entrepreneurial intentions of STEM students in Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Management, 18(2), pp.42-66. , DOI: https://doi.org/10.35683/jcm21026.119 , ISSN: 1815-7440
- Description: Abstract: Purpose of the study: This study investigates the effects of entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education, and external business environment on entrepreneurial intention of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students attending a federal university in southwestern Nigeria. This inquiry was conducted by exploring the one hundred and fifty students selected from six relevant faculties in the university. Design/methodology/approach: The main research instrument was a set questionnaire designed to elicit entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship infrastructure, and entrepreneurial intention. Descriptive and inferential statistics (partial regression) were used to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and the other variables. Findings: The findings identified that while entrepreneurship orientation and entrepreneurship education are more closely associated with entrepreneurship intentions, and entrepreneurship education was the most important driver of entrepreneurship intentions among STEM students. The study also established that the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the STEM students is somewhat weak thus having little of no influence on driving entrepreneurial interest among the STEM students. Recommendations/value: The study thus concludes that theoretical knowledge from business schools, combined with practical knowledge from incubators, workshops, laboratories, and technology transfer offices, are necessary for stimulating entrepreneurship intentions among the STEM students. Managerial implications: It was established in the study taking entrepreneurship modules or degrees such as MBA at the university and spontaneous exposure to entrepreneurship education have a lot of influence on the build-up of entrepreneurial interest among STEM students. It also established that effective entrepreneurial learning can also occur through science parks, incubators, workshops, laboratories, and technology transfer offices. Thus, Universities need to encourage and support STEM students by exposing them harnessing the different channels of entrepreneurial learning.
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- Authors: Jegede, O. , Nieuwenhuizen, C.
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial intention , Entrepreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurship education
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489587 , uj:44645 , Citation: Jegede, O. and Nieuwenhuizen, C., 2021. Effects of entrepreneurial orientation and external business environment on entrepreneurial intentions of STEM students in Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Management, 18(2), pp.42-66. , DOI: https://doi.org/10.35683/jcm21026.119 , ISSN: 1815-7440
- Description: Abstract: Purpose of the study: This study investigates the effects of entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education, and external business environment on entrepreneurial intention of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students attending a federal university in southwestern Nigeria. This inquiry was conducted by exploring the one hundred and fifty students selected from six relevant faculties in the university. Design/methodology/approach: The main research instrument was a set questionnaire designed to elicit entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship infrastructure, and entrepreneurial intention. Descriptive and inferential statistics (partial regression) were used to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and the other variables. Findings: The findings identified that while entrepreneurship orientation and entrepreneurship education are more closely associated with entrepreneurship intentions, and entrepreneurship education was the most important driver of entrepreneurship intentions among STEM students. The study also established that the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the STEM students is somewhat weak thus having little of no influence on driving entrepreneurial interest among the STEM students. Recommendations/value: The study thus concludes that theoretical knowledge from business schools, combined with practical knowledge from incubators, workshops, laboratories, and technology transfer offices, are necessary for stimulating entrepreneurship intentions among the STEM students. Managerial implications: It was established in the study taking entrepreneurship modules or degrees such as MBA at the university and spontaneous exposure to entrepreneurship education have a lot of influence on the build-up of entrepreneurial interest among STEM students. It also established that effective entrepreneurial learning can also occur through science parks, incubators, workshops, laboratories, and technology transfer offices. Thus, Universities need to encourage and support STEM students by exposing them harnessing the different channels of entrepreneurial learning.
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Women entrepreneurship orientation, networks and firm performance in the tourism industry in resource-scarce contexts
- Ribeiro, Manuel Alector, Adam, Issahaku, Kimbu, Albert Nsom, Afenyo-Agbe, Ewoenam, Adeola, Ogechi, Figueroa-Domecq, Cristina, De-Jong, Anna
- Authors: Ribeiro, Manuel Alector , Adam, Issahaku , Kimbu, Albert Nsom , Afenyo-Agbe, Ewoenam , Adeola, Ogechi , Figueroa-Domecq, Cristina , De-Jong, Anna
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , Political ties , Business ties
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/483543 , uj:43888 , Citation: Ribeiro, M.A. et al. 2021. Women entrepreneurship orientation, networks and firm performance in the tourism industry in resource-scarce contexts.
- Description: Abstract: Drawing on network theory, this study examines how the entrepreneurship orientation (EO)-performance nexus is intermediated by networks firms establish with government agencies, suppliers, and resource acquisition. Structural equation modelling is used to test the model on a sample of 556 women tourism entrepreneurs in Ghana and Nigeria. Findings indicate that EO positively influences firms’ social ties, resource acquisition, and performance. The results also indicate that establishing strong ties with government agencies leads to more resource acquisition among women owned tourism businesses than strong business ties with suppliers. Furthermore, business ties are more beneficial when they mediate the effect of EO on performance and become weak and negative when the effect is sequentially mediated by business ties and network resource acquisition. Political ties negatively influenced performance. This study provides novel insights into the EO, networks and performance nexus in resource-scarce contexts. The managerial implications for supporting women entrepreneurs are critically examined.
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- Authors: Ribeiro, Manuel Alector , Adam, Issahaku , Kimbu, Albert Nsom , Afenyo-Agbe, Ewoenam , Adeola, Ogechi , Figueroa-Domecq, Cristina , De-Jong, Anna
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , Political ties , Business ties
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/483543 , uj:43888 , Citation: Ribeiro, M.A. et al. 2021. Women entrepreneurship orientation, networks and firm performance in the tourism industry in resource-scarce contexts.
- Description: Abstract: Drawing on network theory, this study examines how the entrepreneurship orientation (EO)-performance nexus is intermediated by networks firms establish with government agencies, suppliers, and resource acquisition. Structural equation modelling is used to test the model on a sample of 556 women tourism entrepreneurs in Ghana and Nigeria. Findings indicate that EO positively influences firms’ social ties, resource acquisition, and performance. The results also indicate that establishing strong ties with government agencies leads to more resource acquisition among women owned tourism businesses than strong business ties with suppliers. Furthermore, business ties are more beneficial when they mediate the effect of EO on performance and become weak and negative when the effect is sequentially mediated by business ties and network resource acquisition. Political ties negatively influenced performance. This study provides novel insights into the EO, networks and performance nexus in resource-scarce contexts. The managerial implications for supporting women entrepreneurs are critically examined.
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Intrapreneurial orientation in SMEs: A South African Perspective
- Schachtebeck, C, Groenewald, D, Nieuwenhuizen, C
- Authors: Schachtebeck, C , Groenewald, D , Nieuwenhuizen, C
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Intrapreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurial orientation , Small and medium-sized enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/406966 , uj:34237 , Citation: Schachtebeck, C., Groenewald, D., Nieuwenhuizen, D. 2019 : Intrapreneurial orientation in SMEs: A South African Perspective.
- Description: Abstract : The aim of this study is to identify South African constructs of Intrapreneurial Orientation aiding the internal growth of SMEs. The study is qualitative in design and utilizes a triangulation approach by performing a Delphi study with South African entrepreneurship experts as well as semi-structured interviews with SME employees. The results reveal that IO elements promoting growth in SMEs are behavioral, attitudinal, managerial and environmental in nature. These constructs contain traditional Entrepreneurship Orientation (EO) elements as well as multi-dimensional factors centering on the individual in the SME. The findings of this study allow for the development of a South African instrument investigating Intrapreneurial Orientation in SMEs. The constructs further allow established SMEs to improve their propensity to innovate by instilling an entrepreneurial spirit within their employees. To date, no South African study has been conducted into underlying constructs of Intrapreneurial Orientation, a sub-field of Intrapreneurship which has received limited attention in literature.
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- Authors: Schachtebeck, C , Groenewald, D , Nieuwenhuizen, C
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Intrapreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurial orientation , Small and medium-sized enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/406966 , uj:34237 , Citation: Schachtebeck, C., Groenewald, D., Nieuwenhuizen, D. 2019 : Intrapreneurial orientation in SMEs: A South African Perspective.
- Description: Abstract : The aim of this study is to identify South African constructs of Intrapreneurial Orientation aiding the internal growth of SMEs. The study is qualitative in design and utilizes a triangulation approach by performing a Delphi study with South African entrepreneurship experts as well as semi-structured interviews with SME employees. The results reveal that IO elements promoting growth in SMEs are behavioral, attitudinal, managerial and environmental in nature. These constructs contain traditional Entrepreneurship Orientation (EO) elements as well as multi-dimensional factors centering on the individual in the SME. The findings of this study allow for the development of a South African instrument investigating Intrapreneurial Orientation in SMEs. The constructs further allow established SMEs to improve their propensity to innovate by instilling an entrepreneurial spirit within their employees. To date, no South African study has been conducted into underlying constructs of Intrapreneurial Orientation, a sub-field of Intrapreneurship which has received limited attention in literature.
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Assessment of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial orientation constructs : an analysis of past research
- Schachtebeck, Chris, Groenewald, Darelle, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Authors: Schachtebeck, Chris , Groenewald, Darelle , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Intrapreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurial orientation , Corporate entrepreneurship
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289467 , uj:31407 , Citation: Schachtebeck, C., Groenewald, D. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2018. Assessment of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial orientation constructs : an analysis of past research.
- Description: Abstract: Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) can act as a predictor and indicator of firm-level entrepreneurship in organisations of different sizes. Intrapreneurial Orientation (IO), as an offspring of EO, describes an individual employee’s inclination to act entrepreneurially. Yet while the importance of an organisation’s EO cannot be overstated, a lack of clarity exists as to which common constructs underpin these concepts, as no study has attempted to analyse the shared conceptual basis underpinning EO, IO and other connected concepts. The purpose of this study is to analyse the underlying constructs of past EO and IO studies. The study is qualitative in nature by utilising a narrative review methodology. The review was conducted in prominent international databases. Discovered articles were analysed by means of content and thematic analysis. Results reveal that EO studies mostly utilise three constructs, namely risk-taking, innovativeness and proactiveness, while competitive aggressiveness and autonomy are less frequently utilised. Instruments developed by Miller (1983), as well as Covin and Slevin (1989) were the most frequently utilised instruments to assess EO. Studies investigating IO lack commonality in constructs, with only innovativeness representing a common construct. Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation was found to act as an extension to IO, utilising similar constructs and one underlying instrument only. Findings of this study provide researchers and academics with an up-to-date identification and analysis of the main constructs underlying popular EO and IO instruments, thereby assisting in the development of instruments in future EO and IO studies.
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- Authors: Schachtebeck, Chris , Groenewald, Darelle , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Intrapreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurial orientation , Corporate entrepreneurship
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289467 , uj:31407 , Citation: Schachtebeck, C., Groenewald, D. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2018. Assessment of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial orientation constructs : an analysis of past research.
- Description: Abstract: Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) can act as a predictor and indicator of firm-level entrepreneurship in organisations of different sizes. Intrapreneurial Orientation (IO), as an offspring of EO, describes an individual employee’s inclination to act entrepreneurially. Yet while the importance of an organisation’s EO cannot be overstated, a lack of clarity exists as to which common constructs underpin these concepts, as no study has attempted to analyse the shared conceptual basis underpinning EO, IO and other connected concepts. The purpose of this study is to analyse the underlying constructs of past EO and IO studies. The study is qualitative in nature by utilising a narrative review methodology. The review was conducted in prominent international databases. Discovered articles were analysed by means of content and thematic analysis. Results reveal that EO studies mostly utilise three constructs, namely risk-taking, innovativeness and proactiveness, while competitive aggressiveness and autonomy are less frequently utilised. Instruments developed by Miller (1983), as well as Covin and Slevin (1989) were the most frequently utilised instruments to assess EO. Studies investigating IO lack commonality in constructs, with only innovativeness representing a common construct. Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation was found to act as an extension to IO, utilising similar constructs and one underlying instrument only. Findings of this study provide researchers and academics with an up-to-date identification and analysis of the main constructs underlying popular EO and IO instruments, thereby assisting in the development of instruments in future EO and IO studies.
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Entrepreneurial orientation in South African social enterprises
- Teles, Daniella, Schachtebeck, Chris
- Authors: Teles, Daniella , Schachtebeck, Chris
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Entrepreneurial orientation , Social enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/401728 , uj:33590 , Citation: Teles, D., & Schachtebeck, C. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientation in South African Social Enterprises. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(3), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070305
- Description: Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate to what extent an Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) exists within social enterprises in South Africa. Research Design & Methods: The study was quantitative in nature and used a descriptive research design, utilising an adapted measuring instrument to measure five dimensions of EO. A simple random sampling approach was followed, with resulting data analysed in SPSS by means of descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and ANOVA. Findings: We found that four dimensions of EO exist within social enterprises to a moderate extent, namely risk-taking, innovation, proactiveness, and autonomy. Findings indicated low levels of competitive aggressiveness. Implications & Recommendations: The article intends to fill the gap in literature that exists regarding EO within social enterprises in South Africa. The study provides insights into the existence of EO in South African social enterprises, allowing for policy and managerial interventions to be made to improve EO levels. Contribution & Value Added: The main contribution of the study provides an indication of the existence of an EO in South African social enterprises, thereby establishing the basis for further research in this under-researched area.
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- Authors: Teles, Daniella , Schachtebeck, Chris
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship , Entrepreneurial orientation , Social enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/401728 , uj:33590 , Citation: Teles, D., & Schachtebeck, C. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientation in South African Social Enterprises. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(3), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070305
- Description: Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate to what extent an Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) exists within social enterprises in South Africa. Research Design & Methods: The study was quantitative in nature and used a descriptive research design, utilising an adapted measuring instrument to measure five dimensions of EO. A simple random sampling approach was followed, with resulting data analysed in SPSS by means of descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and ANOVA. Findings: We found that four dimensions of EO exist within social enterprises to a moderate extent, namely risk-taking, innovation, proactiveness, and autonomy. Findings indicated low levels of competitive aggressiveness. Implications & Recommendations: The article intends to fill the gap in literature that exists regarding EO within social enterprises in South Africa. The study provides insights into the existence of EO in South African social enterprises, allowing for policy and managerial interventions to be made to improve EO levels. Contribution & Value Added: The main contribution of the study provides an indication of the existence of an EO in South African social enterprises, thereby establishing the basis for further research in this under-researched area.
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The rise of the social enterprise – an entrepreneurial gender perspective
- Teles, Daniella, Schachtebeck, Chris
- Authors: Teles, Daniella , Schachtebeck, Chris
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , South Africa , Social enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402611 , uj:33699 , Citation: Teles, D. & Schachtebeck, C. 2019. The rise of the social enterprise – an entrepreneurial gender perspective.
- Description: Abstract: South Africa’s socio-economic landscape is plagued by persistently high rates of unemployment, poverty, joblessness and sluggish economic growth. These economic conditions have resulted in a reduction in government expenditure, as well as a struggle for survival. The social enterprise sector is absorbing much of this burden by attempting to alleviate social ills. Yet, the failure rates and lack of entrepreneurial spirit in social enterprises is concerning. Additionally, little insight exists whether social enterprises are entrepreneurial, as well as whether gender plays a role in this regard. The purpose of this study is to therefore determine whether gender differences exist in entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of South African social enterprises. This study was quantitative in nature, making use of an adapted measuring instrument based on prominent EO instruments. The study was conducted in social enterprises across South Africa, with 342 responses being received. Data was analysed by means of an exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis (through the Cronbach Alpha coefficient), as well as t-tests. Results indicated that only two dimensions of EO showed statistically significant differences between genders, namely proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness, with the risk-taking, innovativeness and autonomy dimensions showing no differences. The study is of value to social enterprises in South Africa as little research in EO has been conducted in this sector, thereby providing preliminary insights into gender specific differences in EO.
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- Authors: Teles, Daniella , Schachtebeck, Chris
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , South Africa , Social enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402611 , uj:33699 , Citation: Teles, D. & Schachtebeck, C. 2019. The rise of the social enterprise – an entrepreneurial gender perspective.
- Description: Abstract: South Africa’s socio-economic landscape is plagued by persistently high rates of unemployment, poverty, joblessness and sluggish economic growth. These economic conditions have resulted in a reduction in government expenditure, as well as a struggle for survival. The social enterprise sector is absorbing much of this burden by attempting to alleviate social ills. Yet, the failure rates and lack of entrepreneurial spirit in social enterprises is concerning. Additionally, little insight exists whether social enterprises are entrepreneurial, as well as whether gender plays a role in this regard. The purpose of this study is to therefore determine whether gender differences exist in entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of South African social enterprises. This study was quantitative in nature, making use of an adapted measuring instrument based on prominent EO instruments. The study was conducted in social enterprises across South Africa, with 342 responses being received. Data was analysed by means of an exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis (through the Cronbach Alpha coefficient), as well as t-tests. Results indicated that only two dimensions of EO showed statistically significant differences between genders, namely proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness, with the risk-taking, innovativeness and autonomy dimensions showing no differences. The study is of value to social enterprises in South Africa as little research in EO has been conducted in this sector, thereby providing preliminary insights into gender specific differences in EO.
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Entrepreneurial education and individual entrepreneurial orientation : an experts’ perspective an empirical Delphi study
- Teles, Daniella Da Silva, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile, Schachtebeck, Chris
- Authors: Teles, Daniella Da Silva , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile , Schachtebeck, Chris
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , Individual entrepreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurial education
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/482052 , uj:43699 , Citation: Teles, D.D., Nieuwenhuizen, C. & Schachtebeck, C. 2021. Entrepreneurial education and individual entrepreneurial orientation : an experts’ perspective an empirical Delphi study.
- Description: Abstract: Individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) has been defined as the ability to psychologically understand the reasons why individuals choose to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, for individuals to start these much-needed business ventures, they must be oriented to do so upon completion of their studies. Entrepreneurial education (EE) might directly influence whether students decide to pursue an entrepreneurial venture based on the knowledge and skills which they feel they have accumulated through their studies. A Delphi study was performed to determine how the EE being received by university students, in the context of Scotland and South Africa, may influence them to choose an entrepreneurial career. The data were obtained from 16 academic experts, eight from South African universities and eight from Scottish universities. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis. IEO has been studied using the five original dimensions, namely, innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness. However, the results reveal that only three of the five IEO dimensions are prevalent when aligning to a student’s entrepreneurial behaviour...
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- Authors: Teles, Daniella Da Silva , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile , Schachtebeck, Chris
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Entrepreneurial orientation , Individual entrepreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurial education
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/482052 , uj:43699 , Citation: Teles, D.D., Nieuwenhuizen, C. & Schachtebeck, C. 2021. Entrepreneurial education and individual entrepreneurial orientation : an experts’ perspective an empirical Delphi study.
- Description: Abstract: Individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) has been defined as the ability to psychologically understand the reasons why individuals choose to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, for individuals to start these much-needed business ventures, they must be oriented to do so upon completion of their studies. Entrepreneurial education (EE) might directly influence whether students decide to pursue an entrepreneurial venture based on the knowledge and skills which they feel they have accumulated through their studies. A Delphi study was performed to determine how the EE being received by university students, in the context of Scotland and South Africa, may influence them to choose an entrepreneurial career. The data were obtained from 16 academic experts, eight from South African universities and eight from Scottish universities. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis. IEO has been studied using the five original dimensions, namely, innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness. However, the results reveal that only three of the five IEO dimensions are prevalent when aligning to a student’s entrepreneurial behaviour...
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