A review of energy and gender poverty in South Africa
- Authors: Longe, Omowunmi Mary
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Firewood , Gender poverty
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/453941 , uj:40122 , Citation: Longe, O.M. 2020. A review of energy and gender poverty in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: About 15% of South African households lack access to electricity from the mains, most of which are found in the rural areas and informal settlements. This energy poor population consist 57% women and 43% men; hence, women are more energy poor than men in the country. Energy poverty has led to gender poverty as women and girls are faced with the task of collecting and using firewood and other unclean energy sources to meet their households’ energy needs, which exposes them to challenges such as health hazards, premature deaths, time poverty, etc. mainly from the indoor air pollution. The challenges facing grid extension to unelectrified areas contribute to energy poverty and consequently, gender poverty for women and girls. Hence, there is need to explore modern, clean, reliable and affordable electricity through decentralised renewable energy sources, with accompanying policies, in order to mitigate energy and gender poverty in South Africa.
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- Authors: Longe, Omowunmi Mary
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Firewood , Gender poverty
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/453941 , uj:40122 , Citation: Longe, O.M. 2020. A review of energy and gender poverty in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: About 15% of South African households lack access to electricity from the mains, most of which are found in the rural areas and informal settlements. This energy poor population consist 57% women and 43% men; hence, women are more energy poor than men in the country. Energy poverty has led to gender poverty as women and girls are faced with the task of collecting and using firewood and other unclean energy sources to meet their households’ energy needs, which exposes them to challenges such as health hazards, premature deaths, time poverty, etc. mainly from the indoor air pollution. The challenges facing grid extension to unelectrified areas contribute to energy poverty and consequently, gender poverty for women and girls. Hence, there is need to explore modern, clean, reliable and affordable electricity through decentralised renewable energy sources, with accompanying policies, in order to mitigate energy and gender poverty in South Africa.
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A study on the use of unclean energy fuel in rural South Africa
- Authors: Longe, Omowunmi Mary
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Firewood , Rural South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489184 , uj:44594 , Longe, O.M. 2021. A study on the use of unclean energy fuel in rural South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: About 3.2 million households in South Africa use different types of unclean fuels for cooking most of whom are living in informal dwelling/shack at the backyard and structures built on a separate stand or yard or on farm. The highest statistics using unclean fuels for cooking in rural and urban areas are found in Limpopo and Gauteng provinces respectively. With the focus on use of firewood as an unclean energy source for cooking, Limpopo province was chosen for this study. The study revealed that rural women and girls are mostly affected by the use of unclean cooking facilities including premature deaths, health hazards, domestic/shack fire accidents, literacy, etc. There is need to address these challenges through appropriate awareness on the demerits on unclean fuels and merits of clean fuels, affordable, subsidized and incentivized clean cooking facilities, etc. among others.
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- Authors: Longe, Omowunmi Mary
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Firewood , Rural South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489184 , uj:44594 , Longe, O.M. 2021. A study on the use of unclean energy fuel in rural South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: About 3.2 million households in South Africa use different types of unclean fuels for cooking most of whom are living in informal dwelling/shack at the backyard and structures built on a separate stand or yard or on farm. The highest statistics using unclean fuels for cooking in rural and urban areas are found in Limpopo and Gauteng provinces respectively. With the focus on use of firewood as an unclean energy source for cooking, Limpopo province was chosen for this study. The study revealed that rural women and girls are mostly affected by the use of unclean cooking facilities including premature deaths, health hazards, domestic/shack fire accidents, literacy, etc. There is need to address these challenges through appropriate awareness on the demerits on unclean fuels and merits of clean fuels, affordable, subsidized and incentivized clean cooking facilities, etc. among others.
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An Assessment of the Energy Poverty and Gender Nexus towards Clean Energy Adoption in Rural South Africa
- Authors: Longe, Omowunmi Mary
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Energy poverty and gender nexus , Firewood
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489411 , uj:44623 , Citation: Longe, O.M. An Assessment of the Energy Poverty and Gender Nexus towards Clean Energy Adoption in Rural South Africa. Energies 2021, 14, 3708. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123708 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123708
- Description: Abstract: South Africa has about 2.5 million households without electricity access, most of which are located in rural areas and urban informal settlements. The nexus of energy poverty and gender is at play in the affected communities, as women and girls are culturally stereotyped with the task of collecting unclean fuels (e.g., firewood) and using these for their households’ energy demands. Therefore, this study prioritized rural women and girls as respondents in the provinces most affected by gendered energy poverty (GEP) in the country. The study was carried out in selected rural unelectrified areas of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces using structured interviews. The study revealed that GEP in the rural areas has exposed women and girls living there to security concerns, health hazards, premature death, domestic fire accidents, time poverty, income poverty, illiteracy, drudgery in households and farm tasks, etc., at different levels of severity. It also showed the effects of perceptions, age, income, and culture on the choice of energy use among the respondents. Mitigation strategies against GEP in rural South African communities through clean energy adoption are also proposed in this paper.
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- Authors: Longe, Omowunmi Mary
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Energy poverty and gender nexus , Firewood
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489411 , uj:44623 , Citation: Longe, O.M. An Assessment of the Energy Poverty and Gender Nexus towards Clean Energy Adoption in Rural South Africa. Energies 2021, 14, 3708. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123708 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123708
- Description: Abstract: South Africa has about 2.5 million households without electricity access, most of which are located in rural areas and urban informal settlements. The nexus of energy poverty and gender is at play in the affected communities, as women and girls are culturally stereotyped with the task of collecting unclean fuels (e.g., firewood) and using these for their households’ energy demands. Therefore, this study prioritized rural women and girls as respondents in the provinces most affected by gendered energy poverty (GEP) in the country. The study was carried out in selected rural unelectrified areas of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces using structured interviews. The study revealed that GEP in the rural areas has exposed women and girls living there to security concerns, health hazards, premature death, domestic fire accidents, time poverty, income poverty, illiteracy, drudgery in households and farm tasks, etc., at different levels of severity. It also showed the effects of perceptions, age, income, and culture on the choice of energy use among the respondents. Mitigation strategies against GEP in rural South African communities through clean energy adoption are also proposed in this paper.
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Assessment of household energy poverty levels in Louiville, Mpumalanga, South Africa
- Mgwambani, Shalala, Kasangana, Kevin K., Masekameni, Daniel, Makonese, Tafadzwa, Gulumian, Mary, Mbonane, Thokozani P.
- Authors: Mgwambani, Shalala , Kasangana, Kevin K. , Masekameni, Daniel , Makonese, Tafadzwa , Gulumian, Mary , Mbonane, Thokozani P.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Energy use , Households
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/267564 , uj:28389 , Citation: Mgwambani, S. et al. 2018. Assessment of household energy poverty levels in Louiville, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: In this paper, an assessment of the extent of household energy poverty and the implications of socio-economic status of the households in Louiville (a rural settlement in Mpumalanga province, South Africa) is made. In total 165 households were sampled over the course of two years. A survey was conducted from a sample of 165 households recording objective data of energy expenses and subjective data about households’ satisfaction with current energy sources versus what they can afford vis-à-vis their income. Using the objective approach, the results showed a high prevalence, over 84% (n= 138), resulting from both the escalation of energy prices and low household income. Among the households under the poverty threshold, high dependence on traditional fuels including wood, coal and candles was noted for cooking, heating and illumination purposes. The subjective indicator analysis showed that, although the majority of households use traditional fuels for cooking and heating, over 91% of these households are not satisfied with their current energy share owing largely to energy affordability. In conclusion, the establishment of affordable energy tariffs for the poor can address several energy inequalities in the poor settlement.
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- Authors: Mgwambani, Shalala , Kasangana, Kevin K. , Masekameni, Daniel , Makonese, Tafadzwa , Gulumian, Mary , Mbonane, Thokozani P.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Energy use , Households
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/267564 , uj:28389 , Citation: Mgwambani, S. et al. 2018. Assessment of household energy poverty levels in Louiville, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: In this paper, an assessment of the extent of household energy poverty and the implications of socio-economic status of the households in Louiville (a rural settlement in Mpumalanga province, South Africa) is made. In total 165 households were sampled over the course of two years. A survey was conducted from a sample of 165 households recording objective data of energy expenses and subjective data about households’ satisfaction with current energy sources versus what they can afford vis-à-vis their income. Using the objective approach, the results showed a high prevalence, over 84% (n= 138), resulting from both the escalation of energy prices and low household income. Among the households under the poverty threshold, high dependence on traditional fuels including wood, coal and candles was noted for cooking, heating and illumination purposes. The subjective indicator analysis showed that, although the majority of households use traditional fuels for cooking and heating, over 91% of these households are not satisfied with their current energy share owing largely to energy affordability. In conclusion, the establishment of affordable energy tariffs for the poor can address several energy inequalities in the poor settlement.
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Beyond utilitarian economics : a capability approach to energy poverty and social suffering
- Authors: Chipango, Ellen Fungisai
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Capability approach , Social suffering , Energy poverty
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/481760 , uj:43663 , Citation: Chipango, E.F. 2021. Beyond utilitarian economics : a capability approach to energy poverty and social suffering.
- Description: Abstract: This article uses energy poverty and social suffering phenomena to show the inadequacy of utilitarian policy-making that puts primary focus on resource generation and availability as a means of socio-economic development. This approach fails to acknowledge that energy generation can go-hand-in-hand with energy poverty and social suffering. Drawing on empirical qualitative research in Zimbabwe, the article shows how a lack of social and political-economic capabilities contributes to energy poverty, which consequently leads to social suffering. The article draws on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and then extends the argument through a Foucauldian analysis of power...
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- Authors: Chipango, Ellen Fungisai
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Capability approach , Social suffering , Energy poverty
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/481760 , uj:43663 , Citation: Chipango, E.F. 2021. Beyond utilitarian economics : a capability approach to energy poverty and social suffering.
- Description: Abstract: This article uses energy poverty and social suffering phenomena to show the inadequacy of utilitarian policy-making that puts primary focus on resource generation and availability as a means of socio-economic development. This approach fails to acknowledge that energy generation can go-hand-in-hand with energy poverty and social suffering. Drawing on empirical qualitative research in Zimbabwe, the article shows how a lack of social and political-economic capabilities contributes to energy poverty, which consequently leads to social suffering. The article draws on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and then extends the argument through a Foucauldian analysis of power...
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Constructing, understanding and interpreting energy poverty in Zimbabwe : a postmodern perspective
- Authors: Chipango, Ellen Fungisai
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Discourse , Narrative
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/477073 , uj:43092 , Citation: Chipango, E.F. 2021. Constructing, understanding and interpreting energy poverty in Zimbabwe : a postmodern perspective.
- Description: Abstract: Energy poverty is well acknowledged in the global public and scholarly discussions. Nonetheless, it is habitually analysed in isolation from the discourse through which it is framed, produced, represented and known. Using Zimbabwe as a case study, inductive qualitative research reveals that there is one main discourse associated with energy poverty: net deficit (supply-demand mismatch). This discourse is expressed by narratives that have competed for dominance in the Zimbabwean energy sector (2012-present), in particular, the effect of changes in the climate, vandalism of electricity infrastructure, the impact of sanctions, and the low rate of renewable energy adoption, are analysed...
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- Authors: Chipango, Ellen Fungisai
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Energy poverty , Discourse , Narrative
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/477073 , uj:43092 , Citation: Chipango, E.F. 2021. Constructing, understanding and interpreting energy poverty in Zimbabwe : a postmodern perspective.
- Description: Abstract: Energy poverty is well acknowledged in the global public and scholarly discussions. Nonetheless, it is habitually analysed in isolation from the discourse through which it is framed, produced, represented and known. Using Zimbabwe as a case study, inductive qualitative research reveals that there is one main discourse associated with energy poverty: net deficit (supply-demand mismatch). This discourse is expressed by narratives that have competed for dominance in the Zimbabwean energy sector (2012-present), in particular, the effect of changes in the climate, vandalism of electricity infrastructure, the impact of sanctions, and the low rate of renewable energy adoption, are analysed...
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The global alliance for clean cookstoves: implications for South Africa
- Matinga, M. N., Robinson, J. W., Annegarn, H. J.
- Authors: Matinga, M. N. , Robinson, J. W. , Annegarn, H. J.
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , Domestic stoves , Energy poverty , Clean energy
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6242 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8186
- Description: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the newly launched Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves with the aim of highlighting the opportunities that it represents for South Africa. The paper argues that South Africa’s participation in the Alliance could support the developmental objectives of the country including: addressing equity issues related to energy poverty and health; supporting poverty alleviation efforts; supporting the Government’s constitutional commitments on clean air; and developing an innovative research, development and manufacturing sector. It further cites key lessons that South Africa can learn from Peru’s efforts to address indoor air pollution and concludes with a set of recommendations.
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- Authors: Matinga, M. N. , Robinson, J. W. , Annegarn, H. J.
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves , Domestic stoves , Energy poverty , Clean energy
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6242 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8186
- Description: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the newly launched Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves with the aim of highlighting the opportunities that it represents for South Africa. The paper argues that South Africa’s participation in the Alliance could support the developmental objectives of the country including: addressing equity issues related to energy poverty and health; supporting poverty alleviation efforts; supporting the Government’s constitutional commitments on clean air; and developing an innovative research, development and manufacturing sector. It further cites key lessons that South Africa can learn from Peru’s efforts to address indoor air pollution and concludes with a set of recommendations.
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