Differences in attribution style and self-conscious emotions between different categories of shyness
- Authors: Abbasi, Lubna
- Date: 2010-04-19T07:38:14Z
- Subjects: Attribution (Social psychology) , Emotions , Bashfulness , Self-consciousness
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6778 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3209
- Description: M.A. , The present study examined the relationship between shyness and self-conscious emotions in terms of attribution style. Participants were administered questionnaires and then categorized into fearful shy, self-conscious shy, undifferentiated shy and non-shy groups. These four groups were then compared in terms of shyness, shame, guilt, embarrassment, and attribution style. Furthermore, the relationships between shame, guilt, and embarrassment and the different attribution styles were examined. The fearful shy, self-conscious shy and undifferentiated shy groups differed from the non-shy group in terms of the attribution styles of context and luck. The fearful shy group was found to score higher than the non-shy group in terms of context, in addition to the fearful shy as well as the self-conscious shy groups scoring higher than the non-shy groups in terms of luck. However no differences were found in terms of ability and effort between the four groups. With regards to experiencing self-conscious emotions, the fearful shy, self-conscious shy, and the undifferentiated shy groups differed from the non-shy group by scoring higher on shame. The fearful shy, self-conscious shy, and the undifferentiated shy groups also scored higher in terms of embarrassment from the non-shy group, with the fearful shy group scoring the highest followed by the self-conscious shy group and then the undifferentiated shy group. Furthermore, the fearful shy and undifferentiated shy differed from one another with the fearful shy group scoring higher in terms of embarrassment. The four groups, however, did not vary in terms of guilt. In terms of the relationship between attribution styles and self-conscious emotions, positive correlations were found between ability and shame and ability and embarrassment. A positive correlation was found between effort and guilt. Positive correlations between luck and shame and luck and embarrassment were also found. Self-conscious emotions were found to be highly correlated with shyness. Attribution styles may play a significant role in terms of an individual experiencing these emotions. Shy individuals may differ from non-shy individuals with regards to the attributions they engage in, causing them to experience self-conscious emotions to a higher extent. This may suggest a cognitive component that may be associated with self-conscious emotions. Therefore, shy individuals may be predisposed to experiencing self-conscious emotions more frequently than non-shy individuals. It is suggested that future research focus on this cognitive component in the experience of self-conscious emotions.
- Full Text:
Differences in attribution style and self-conscious emotions between different categories of shyness
- Authors: Abbasi, Lubna
- Date: 2010-04-19T07:38:14Z
- Subjects: Attribution (Social psychology) , Emotions , Bashfulness , Self-consciousness
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6778 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3209
- Description: M.A. , The present study examined the relationship between shyness and self-conscious emotions in terms of attribution style. Participants were administered questionnaires and then categorized into fearful shy, self-conscious shy, undifferentiated shy and non-shy groups. These four groups were then compared in terms of shyness, shame, guilt, embarrassment, and attribution style. Furthermore, the relationships between shame, guilt, and embarrassment and the different attribution styles were examined. The fearful shy, self-conscious shy and undifferentiated shy groups differed from the non-shy group in terms of the attribution styles of context and luck. The fearful shy group was found to score higher than the non-shy group in terms of context, in addition to the fearful shy as well as the self-conscious shy groups scoring higher than the non-shy groups in terms of luck. However no differences were found in terms of ability and effort between the four groups. With regards to experiencing self-conscious emotions, the fearful shy, self-conscious shy, and the undifferentiated shy groups differed from the non-shy group by scoring higher on shame. The fearful shy, self-conscious shy, and the undifferentiated shy groups also scored higher in terms of embarrassment from the non-shy group, with the fearful shy group scoring the highest followed by the self-conscious shy group and then the undifferentiated shy group. Furthermore, the fearful shy and undifferentiated shy differed from one another with the fearful shy group scoring higher in terms of embarrassment. The four groups, however, did not vary in terms of guilt. In terms of the relationship between attribution styles and self-conscious emotions, positive correlations were found between ability and shame and ability and embarrassment. A positive correlation was found between effort and guilt. Positive correlations between luck and shame and luck and embarrassment were also found. Self-conscious emotions were found to be highly correlated with shyness. Attribution styles may play a significant role in terms of an individual experiencing these emotions. Shy individuals may differ from non-shy individuals with regards to the attributions they engage in, causing them to experience self-conscious emotions to a higher extent. This may suggest a cognitive component that may be associated with self-conscious emotions. Therefore, shy individuals may be predisposed to experiencing self-conscious emotions more frequently than non-shy individuals. It is suggested that future research focus on this cognitive component in the experience of self-conscious emotions.
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Die invloed van enkele emosies op persoonlike welstand : 'n persoonlike en professionele leierskapsperspektief
- Authors: Durandt, Petrus Gerhardus
- Date: 2012-02-06
- Subjects: Emotions , Laughter , Wit and Humor
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:1993 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4348
- Description: M.Phil. , Everybody wants to experience happiness, prosperity and good health. Today's demands and pressures make it very difficult to experience well-being in our work environment and personal life. Symptoms like stress, negative attitude, depression, aggression and low productivity are visible. All these symptoms have an influence on the human body and emotions. Psychosomatic illnesses like depression, stress, heart disease, high blood pressure, asthma and back and shoulder pains are common phenomena. The question is what can a person do, in spite of the circumstances, to achieve personal well-being and healthiness. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of some emotions on personal well-being, specifically the influence of stress as an unhealthy emotion and laughter and humor as healthy emotions. The specific research questions are: 1. What is the effect of stress, as an unhealthy emotion, on a human's wellbeing? 2. What is the effect of laughter and humor, as healthy emotions, on a human's well-being? 3. What are the benefits that laughter and humor, as healthy emotions, have for personal wellbeing and healthiness? The research programme entails the following: Chapter one gives a general orientation of the study. The second chapter focuses on the influence of stress as an unhealthy emotion on personal well-being while chapter three deals with the influence of laughter and humor as healthy emotions on personal well-being. In chapter four the characteristics of a personal and professional leader as well as the main life domains are investigated. Chapter five concludes the research with a summary, findings and conclusion. 2. METHOD OF APPROACH A descriptive research strategy was followed in this study. A descriptive research study is a systematic, accurate and factual description of something, in this case the influence of some emotions on personal well-being, for the sake of better understanding, insight and informativeness (Smith, 1993:35). The prevalent research methods used were studies of existing literature available in this field as well as concept and phenomena analyses. 3. RESEARCH FINDINGS The research findings are as follows: Stress has a physiological and a psychological influence on the human body and has been shown to affect almost all body systems, resulting in cardiovascular disease, neuromuscular disorders (including migraine and chronic back pain}, respiratory and allergic disorders, immunologic disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances (including peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), skin disease, dental problems, and a host of other disorders (Hafen, 1996:44). Laughter and humor have, because of the physiological changes that take place, a big impact in terms of physical benefits (including respiratory activity, oxygen exchange, heartrate, and toning the cardiovascular system), pain relief, (arthritis, gout, back and shoulder pain), immunity-enhancing and psychological benefits (stress relieve, bestowing a sense of power, giving new perspective). By applying specific suggestions how to use laughter and humor as healthy emotions from a Personal and Professional Perspective it is possible to achieve personal well-being and healthiness.
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- Authors: Durandt, Petrus Gerhardus
- Date: 2012-02-06
- Subjects: Emotions , Laughter , Wit and Humor
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:1993 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4348
- Description: M.Phil. , Everybody wants to experience happiness, prosperity and good health. Today's demands and pressures make it very difficult to experience well-being in our work environment and personal life. Symptoms like stress, negative attitude, depression, aggression and low productivity are visible. All these symptoms have an influence on the human body and emotions. Psychosomatic illnesses like depression, stress, heart disease, high blood pressure, asthma and back and shoulder pains are common phenomena. The question is what can a person do, in spite of the circumstances, to achieve personal well-being and healthiness. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of some emotions on personal well-being, specifically the influence of stress as an unhealthy emotion and laughter and humor as healthy emotions. The specific research questions are: 1. What is the effect of stress, as an unhealthy emotion, on a human's wellbeing? 2. What is the effect of laughter and humor, as healthy emotions, on a human's well-being? 3. What are the benefits that laughter and humor, as healthy emotions, have for personal wellbeing and healthiness? The research programme entails the following: Chapter one gives a general orientation of the study. The second chapter focuses on the influence of stress as an unhealthy emotion on personal well-being while chapter three deals with the influence of laughter and humor as healthy emotions on personal well-being. In chapter four the characteristics of a personal and professional leader as well as the main life domains are investigated. Chapter five concludes the research with a summary, findings and conclusion. 2. METHOD OF APPROACH A descriptive research strategy was followed in this study. A descriptive research study is a systematic, accurate and factual description of something, in this case the influence of some emotions on personal well-being, for the sake of better understanding, insight and informativeness (Smith, 1993:35). The prevalent research methods used were studies of existing literature available in this field as well as concept and phenomena analyses. 3. RESEARCH FINDINGS The research findings are as follows: Stress has a physiological and a psychological influence on the human body and has been shown to affect almost all body systems, resulting in cardiovascular disease, neuromuscular disorders (including migraine and chronic back pain}, respiratory and allergic disorders, immunologic disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances (including peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), skin disease, dental problems, and a host of other disorders (Hafen, 1996:44). Laughter and humor have, because of the physiological changes that take place, a big impact in terms of physical benefits (including respiratory activity, oxygen exchange, heartrate, and toning the cardiovascular system), pain relief, (arthritis, gout, back and shoulder pain), immunity-enhancing and psychological benefits (stress relieve, bestowing a sense of power, giving new perspective). By applying specific suggestions how to use laughter and humor as healthy emotions from a Personal and Professional Perspective it is possible to achieve personal well-being and healthiness.
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Emotions, transcendence, differentiated voices and resistances at Cape Coast Castle in Ghana : poetic analysis
- Eshun, Gabriel, Gedzi, Victor Selorme
- Authors: Eshun, Gabriel , Gedzi, Victor Selorme
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Emotions , Transcendence , Differentiated voices
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/416401 , uj:35222 , Citation: Eshun, G., Geszi, V.S. Emotions, transcendence, differentiated voices and resistances at Cape Coast Castle in Ghana : poetic analysis.
- Description: Abstract: , The study discusses experiences of the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade symbolically represented in Ghana by the Cape Coast Castle. It considers the themes of emotions, transcendence, differentiated voices, and resistances characterised tourists’ experiences of heritage tourism in Ghana. There is already a small but growing literature on heritage tourism in Ghana. But this literature focuses on econometric insights and little consider the emotions and transcendence, differentiated voices and resistances involved in such heritage tourism. This present study then adopts a novel approach of poetic analysis, by employing research and interpretative poems to analyse the transcribed data. It involved observation and in-depth interviews of 50 informants selected through accidental sampling procedure. The study revealed that the deployment of poetry provides a conduit to express complex, heteroglossic forms of reality that move beyond the conventional methodologies common in tourism research. As such, it has contributed to both local and international theories on heritage tourism.
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- Authors: Eshun, Gabriel , Gedzi, Victor Selorme
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Emotions , Transcendence , Differentiated voices
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/416401 , uj:35222 , Citation: Eshun, G., Geszi, V.S. Emotions, transcendence, differentiated voices and resistances at Cape Coast Castle in Ghana : poetic analysis.
- Description: Abstract: , The study discusses experiences of the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade symbolically represented in Ghana by the Cape Coast Castle. It considers the themes of emotions, transcendence, differentiated voices, and resistances characterised tourists’ experiences of heritage tourism in Ghana. There is already a small but growing literature on heritage tourism in Ghana. But this literature focuses on econometric insights and little consider the emotions and transcendence, differentiated voices and resistances involved in such heritage tourism. This present study then adopts a novel approach of poetic analysis, by employing research and interpretative poems to analyse the transcribed data. It involved observation and in-depth interviews of 50 informants selected through accidental sampling procedure. The study revealed that the deployment of poetry provides a conduit to express complex, heteroglossic forms of reality that move beyond the conventional methodologies common in tourism research. As such, it has contributed to both local and international theories on heritage tourism.
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Positive emotional experiences, impression management and their relationship with organisational citizenship behaviour
- Authors: Letsela, Masechaba Amanda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Emotions , Positive psychology , Organizational behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/451484 , uj:39783
- Description: Abstract: Orientation: The changing world of work has led to high levels of competition for organisations. Employees may be a key source of competitive advantage within the changing landscape. Organisations are required to cultivate environments in which employees may thrive and where optimal organisational performance can be achieved amid fast-paced digital change. Employees may be required to be continuously engaged and display high levels of resilience within this environment, whilst they are also expected to experience appropriate emotional states... , M.Phil. (Leadership Performance and Change)
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- Authors: Letsela, Masechaba Amanda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Emotions , Positive psychology , Organizational behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/451484 , uj:39783
- Description: Abstract: Orientation: The changing world of work has led to high levels of competition for organisations. Employees may be a key source of competitive advantage within the changing landscape. Organisations are required to cultivate environments in which employees may thrive and where optimal organisational performance can be achieved amid fast-paced digital change. Employees may be required to be continuously engaged and display high levels of resilience within this environment, whilst they are also expected to experience appropriate emotional states... , M.Phil. (Leadership Performance and Change)
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Positive emotional traits as predictors of behavioural activation
- Authors: Myburgh, Janine
- Date: 2014-04-24
- Subjects: Emotions , Affect (Psychology) , Behavioral assessment , Neuropsychology
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10383
- Description: M.A. (Counselling Psychology) , Gray proposed two psycho-neurobiological systems, namely the behavioural approach system (BAS) and the behavioural inhibition system (BIS) which are respectively related to positive affectivity and negative affectivity. The literature does not currently indicate any specific positive emotional traits related to the BAS scale with certainty, although happiness, elation and hope have been suggested as possibilities. Curiosity, empathy and hope were chosen as positive emotional traits to study in relation to the BAS, as these positive emotional traits can each be related to the three factors of the BAS, namely drive, fun seeking and reward responsiveness. Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory explains that each emotion evokes a thought-action tendency and when positive emotions are experienced, the types of possible behavioural responses are broadened. It is expected that this broadened response repertoire should be detected in the behavioural approach system, which is responsible for organising behaviour in response to stimuli that signal rewards or no punishment. Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory is thus a useful framework to utilise in the conceptualisation of the study. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which curiosity, empathy and hope act as predictors for the variance in the BAS. The sample consisted of 130 first year mathematics students at the University of Johannesburg. Psychometric instruments utilised for the study included Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scales, the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (CEI), the short form of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-short) and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. A standard multiple regression was conducted to investigate the nature of the relationships between the BAS and curiosity, empathy and hope. The results indicate the total variance in the BAS levels explained by curiosity, empathy and hope simultaneously was 16.8 percent. Hope made the largest unique contribution by accounting for 6.8 percent of the variance in the total BAS scores while curiosity also made a statistically significant contribution by accounting for 3.2 percent of the variance in the total BAS scores. Empathy did not make a statistically significant unique contribution to the variance in the total BAS scores. Future studies of this nature should consider a larger sample size. The prefrontal cortex was identified as a neural counterpart that might be related to Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, but future research could explore this further.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Myburgh, Janine
- Date: 2014-04-24
- Subjects: Emotions , Affect (Psychology) , Behavioral assessment , Neuropsychology
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10383
- Description: M.A. (Counselling Psychology) , Gray proposed two psycho-neurobiological systems, namely the behavioural approach system (BAS) and the behavioural inhibition system (BIS) which are respectively related to positive affectivity and negative affectivity. The literature does not currently indicate any specific positive emotional traits related to the BAS scale with certainty, although happiness, elation and hope have been suggested as possibilities. Curiosity, empathy and hope were chosen as positive emotional traits to study in relation to the BAS, as these positive emotional traits can each be related to the three factors of the BAS, namely drive, fun seeking and reward responsiveness. Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory explains that each emotion evokes a thought-action tendency and when positive emotions are experienced, the types of possible behavioural responses are broadened. It is expected that this broadened response repertoire should be detected in the behavioural approach system, which is responsible for organising behaviour in response to stimuli that signal rewards or no punishment. Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory is thus a useful framework to utilise in the conceptualisation of the study. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which curiosity, empathy and hope act as predictors for the variance in the BAS. The sample consisted of 130 first year mathematics students at the University of Johannesburg. Psychometric instruments utilised for the study included Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scales, the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (CEI), the short form of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-short) and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. A standard multiple regression was conducted to investigate the nature of the relationships between the BAS and curiosity, empathy and hope. The results indicate the total variance in the BAS levels explained by curiosity, empathy and hope simultaneously was 16.8 percent. Hope made the largest unique contribution by accounting for 6.8 percent of the variance in the total BAS scores while curiosity also made a statistically significant contribution by accounting for 3.2 percent of the variance in the total BAS scores. Empathy did not make a statistically significant unique contribution to the variance in the total BAS scores. Future studies of this nature should consider a larger sample size. The prefrontal cortex was identified as a neural counterpart that might be related to Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, but future research could explore this further.
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An exploration of the social constructionist paradigm as a possible lens to understand meaning-making around 'emotional' pain
- Authors: Peltz, Martiana
- Date: 2008-11-12T07:04:54Z
- Subjects: Social psychology , Postmodernism , Pain , Emotions
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14655 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1619
- Description: M.A. , This study explores social constructionism as a paradigm for looking at emotional pain. Social constructionism has its philosophical underpinnings in postmodernism. In this mini-dissertation pre-modern, modern and postmodern epistemological assumptions are explored. Various views of postmodernism, both its origin and its effect on other spheres are reflected upon. The impact of postmodernism on psychology is explored by tracking the path of cybernetics, constructivism and finally social constructionism. The way emotions and emotional pain is seen through history is explored. By using social constructionism as a paradigm, the meaning making around emotional pain provides another lens for researchers and therapists in dealing with emotional pain.
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- Authors: Peltz, Martiana
- Date: 2008-11-12T07:04:54Z
- Subjects: Social psychology , Postmodernism , Pain , Emotions
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14655 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1619
- Description: M.A. , This study explores social constructionism as a paradigm for looking at emotional pain. Social constructionism has its philosophical underpinnings in postmodernism. In this mini-dissertation pre-modern, modern and postmodern epistemological assumptions are explored. Various views of postmodernism, both its origin and its effect on other spheres are reflected upon. The impact of postmodernism on psychology is explored by tracking the path of cybernetics, constructivism and finally social constructionism. The way emotions and emotional pain is seen through history is explored. By using social constructionism as a paradigm, the meaning making around emotional pain provides another lens for researchers and therapists in dealing with emotional pain.
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Emotional stability/instability and ingestive disorders in males.
- Authors: Schnider, Justine
- Date: 2012-08-14
- Subjects: Eating disorders - South Africa , White men - South Africa - Psychology , Emotions
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9232 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5680
- Description: M.A. , The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in the six facets of the Neuroticism subscale of the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (measuring Emotional Stability / Instability) in relation to two eating disorder inventories, namely the EDI (Eating Disorder Inventory) and the EI (Eating Inventory) in males. The six facets of the Neuroticism scale are Anxiety, Angry Hostility, Depression, Impulsiveness, Self-Consciousness and Vulnerability. Based on the literature review, it was hypothesised that males with differential Neuroticism scores would show different scores on the eating disorder inventories. The sample consisted of 98 white, male, English speaking university students between the ages of 18 and 28, drawn from two tertiary education institutes in South Africa. The males were divided into high, medium and low groups for each facet of the Neuroticism scale according to the norm tables provided in the NEO PI-R manual. The NEO PI-R, the EDI and the EI were administered to all subjects. The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences between males with high, medium and low scores on the Anxiety, Depression, Self-Consciousness and Vulnerability facets of the Neuroticism subscales of the NEO PI-R in terms of the 11 subscales of the EDI taken together. There were also statistically significant differences between the males with high, medium and low scores on the Depression and Impulsiveness facets of the Neuroticism subscale of the NEO PI-R in terms of the 3 subscales of the EI taken together. It can be deduced that certain temperament traits may be related to eating disordered symptomatology and cognition. The above hypothesis was thus supported. These findings are also supported by findings from previous research which has found that emotional instability is evident in eating disordered individuals, even from childhood, and studies that have found that eating disordered individuals have tendencies towards neurotic personalities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Schnider, Justine
- Date: 2012-08-14
- Subjects: Eating disorders - South Africa , White men - South Africa - Psychology , Emotions
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9232 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5680
- Description: M.A. , The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in the six facets of the Neuroticism subscale of the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (measuring Emotional Stability / Instability) in relation to two eating disorder inventories, namely the EDI (Eating Disorder Inventory) and the EI (Eating Inventory) in males. The six facets of the Neuroticism scale are Anxiety, Angry Hostility, Depression, Impulsiveness, Self-Consciousness and Vulnerability. Based on the literature review, it was hypothesised that males with differential Neuroticism scores would show different scores on the eating disorder inventories. The sample consisted of 98 white, male, English speaking university students between the ages of 18 and 28, drawn from two tertiary education institutes in South Africa. The males were divided into high, medium and low groups for each facet of the Neuroticism scale according to the norm tables provided in the NEO PI-R manual. The NEO PI-R, the EDI and the EI were administered to all subjects. The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences between males with high, medium and low scores on the Anxiety, Depression, Self-Consciousness and Vulnerability facets of the Neuroticism subscales of the NEO PI-R in terms of the 11 subscales of the EDI taken together. There were also statistically significant differences between the males with high, medium and low scores on the Depression and Impulsiveness facets of the Neuroticism subscale of the NEO PI-R in terms of the 3 subscales of the EI taken together. It can be deduced that certain temperament traits may be related to eating disordered symptomatology and cognition. The above hypothesis was thus supported. These findings are also supported by findings from previous research which has found that emotional instability is evident in eating disordered individuals, even from childhood, and studies that have found that eating disordered individuals have tendencies towards neurotic personalities.
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