An assessment of the evolution of housing policy framework
- Authors: Aigbavboa, Clinton
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Low-income , Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/88022 , uj:19658 , Citattion: Aigbavboa, C. 2015. An assessment of the evolution of housing policy framework.
- Description: Abstract: Globally, housing policies have been used as an attempt to try and address housing problems, particularly in respect to the low-income earners, with the view of helping them access better housing. The evolution of housing policy in developing countries has been studied and identified in different ways, however, this paper present a robust theoretical background of the developments in housing policy framework. The data used in this paper were derived from secondary sources only; through a detailed review of related literature on the subject to meet the research objectives. The study is an in-depth literature exploration of the theoretical perspective of the housing studies framework. The literature reviewed found that the theory of housing had its origin in the Paleolithic period when homo-sapiens began to use natural materials like stone, wood, leaves, animal skin and other similar items to create shelter from elements of weather. It was also found that there are various theoretical perspective frameworks that have been used in the study of housing, such as political; social; developmental; institutional; and radical perspectives amongst others. This study provides a robust theoretical framework used in housing study.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Aigbavboa, Clinton
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Low-income , Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/88022 , uj:19658 , Citattion: Aigbavboa, C. 2015. An assessment of the evolution of housing policy framework.
- Description: Abstract: Globally, housing policies have been used as an attempt to try and address housing problems, particularly in respect to the low-income earners, with the view of helping them access better housing. The evolution of housing policy in developing countries has been studied and identified in different ways, however, this paper present a robust theoretical background of the developments in housing policy framework. The data used in this paper were derived from secondary sources only; through a detailed review of related literature on the subject to meet the research objectives. The study is an in-depth literature exploration of the theoretical perspective of the housing studies framework. The literature reviewed found that the theory of housing had its origin in the Paleolithic period when homo-sapiens began to use natural materials like stone, wood, leaves, animal skin and other similar items to create shelter from elements of weather. It was also found that there are various theoretical perspective frameworks that have been used in the study of housing, such as political; social; developmental; institutional; and radical perspectives amongst others. This study provides a robust theoretical framework used in housing study.
- Full Text:
An integrated framework for the implementation of sustainable road infrastructure projects in developing countries
- Ametepey, S.A., Aigbavboa, C.O.
- Authors: Ametepey, S.A. , Aigbavboa, C.O.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Developing countries , Infrastructure development , Road infrastructure
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/216686 , uj:21539 , Citation: Ametepey, S.A & Aigbavboa, C.O. 2016. An integrated framework for the implementation of sustainable road infrastructure projects in developing countries.
- Description: Abstract: With recent unprecedented environmental deterioration becoming more adverse worldwide, discussions by the international community for establishing an appropriate response policy against this menace has become more urgent. This has led the world to focus on a new sustainable development agenda tagged Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A significant section of the SDGs focuses on sustainable infrastructure development. Therefore, the road infrastructure sector cannot be left out of the sustainability agenda since it forms a significant part of infrastructure development. Though there are a few sustainability interventions in road infrastructure development, they are limited and unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an integrated framework to guide the implementation of sustainable road infrastructure projects in developing countries. The study will adopt a mixed method approach. Face-to-face interviews on selected representatives of key stakeholders will be carried out to select and classify, confirm and prioritize a list of sustainability performance targets that will be identified through literature and past research. A Delphi technique through questionnaire survey will be used to explore the extent to which the sustainability criteria and indicators impact or influence on Sustainable road infrastructure project implementation in developing countries. Through the identification and integration of different perceptions and priority needs of the stakeholders, as well as key sustainability indicators and solutions for critical issues, a set of decision-making guidelines will be developed to promote and drive consistent sustainability deliverables in road infrastructure projects. The study is expected to provide an innovative and practical framework which will aid road infrastructure development stakeholders in the implementation of Sustainable Road Infrastructure projects.
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- Authors: Ametepey, S.A. , Aigbavboa, C.O.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Developing countries , Infrastructure development , Road infrastructure
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/216686 , uj:21539 , Citation: Ametepey, S.A & Aigbavboa, C.O. 2016. An integrated framework for the implementation of sustainable road infrastructure projects in developing countries.
- Description: Abstract: With recent unprecedented environmental deterioration becoming more adverse worldwide, discussions by the international community for establishing an appropriate response policy against this menace has become more urgent. This has led the world to focus on a new sustainable development agenda tagged Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A significant section of the SDGs focuses on sustainable infrastructure development. Therefore, the road infrastructure sector cannot be left out of the sustainability agenda since it forms a significant part of infrastructure development. Though there are a few sustainability interventions in road infrastructure development, they are limited and unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an integrated framework to guide the implementation of sustainable road infrastructure projects in developing countries. The study will adopt a mixed method approach. Face-to-face interviews on selected representatives of key stakeholders will be carried out to select and classify, confirm and prioritize a list of sustainability performance targets that will be identified through literature and past research. A Delphi technique through questionnaire survey will be used to explore the extent to which the sustainability criteria and indicators impact or influence on Sustainable road infrastructure project implementation in developing countries. Through the identification and integration of different perceptions and priority needs of the stakeholders, as well as key sustainability indicators and solutions for critical issues, a set of decision-making guidelines will be developed to promote and drive consistent sustainability deliverables in road infrastructure projects. The study is expected to provide an innovative and practical framework which will aid road infrastructure development stakeholders in the implementation of Sustainable Road Infrastructure projects.
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Assessment of atmospheric pollution reduction : challenging issue for developing countries
- Mustapha, Z., Aigbavboa, C.O., Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku
- Authors: Mustapha, Z. , Aigbavboa, C.O. , Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Atmospheric pollution , Challenging issues , Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/73973 , uj:18482 , Citation: Mustapha, Z., Aigbavboa, C.O. & Thwala, W.D. 2015. Assessment of atmospheric pollution reduction : challenging issue for developing countries.
- Description: Abstract: Air pollution has been a menace in recent years posing serious threats to environmental and social wellbeing. One death out of every eight global deaths was linked to polluted air. The review of literature in the existing body of knowledge becomes paramount in order to continue with the research on the subject matter. The study will enable the road map for the assessment of the challenging issues related to atmospheric pollution in developing countries. A total number of thirty-five studies relevant to atmospheric pollution were selected out of the total number of fifty studies. The review of literature looked into details on different views from various scholars about the challenges faced by developing countries on air pollution and appropriate control measures. Discussion was also in the various countries that are on the priority list of industrial technologies for protection and exploitation of developed technologies, as well as the forms of technologies for future air pollution control measures. The findings from the literature review showed that the environmental health risk facing the world now is air pollution. This has resulted in the death of millions of people. It was also mostly mentioned that outdoor air pollution exposure levels have risen significantly in some parts of the world, particularly in countries with large populations’ growth through rapid industrialization, such as China and India. The paper presented the assessment of atmospheric pollution reduction: a challenging issue for developing countries. The evidence in literature signals the need for concerted effort to clean up the air we all breathe to save millions of lives.
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- Authors: Mustapha, Z. , Aigbavboa, C.O. , Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Atmospheric pollution , Challenging issues , Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/73973 , uj:18482 , Citation: Mustapha, Z., Aigbavboa, C.O. & Thwala, W.D. 2015. Assessment of atmospheric pollution reduction : challenging issue for developing countries.
- Description: Abstract: Air pollution has been a menace in recent years posing serious threats to environmental and social wellbeing. One death out of every eight global deaths was linked to polluted air. The review of literature in the existing body of knowledge becomes paramount in order to continue with the research on the subject matter. The study will enable the road map for the assessment of the challenging issues related to atmospheric pollution in developing countries. A total number of thirty-five studies relevant to atmospheric pollution were selected out of the total number of fifty studies. The review of literature looked into details on different views from various scholars about the challenges faced by developing countries on air pollution and appropriate control measures. Discussion was also in the various countries that are on the priority list of industrial technologies for protection and exploitation of developed technologies, as well as the forms of technologies for future air pollution control measures. The findings from the literature review showed that the environmental health risk facing the world now is air pollution. This has resulted in the death of millions of people. It was also mostly mentioned that outdoor air pollution exposure levels have risen significantly in some parts of the world, particularly in countries with large populations’ growth through rapid industrialization, such as China and India. The paper presented the assessment of atmospheric pollution reduction: a challenging issue for developing countries. The evidence in literature signals the need for concerted effort to clean up the air we all breathe to save millions of lives.
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Current sources of financing power infrastructure in developing countries : principal component analysis approach
- Ayorinde, Emmanuel Oikelomen, Ngcobo, Ntebo, Mathe, Kasenge
- Authors: Ayorinde, Emmanuel Oikelomen , Ngcobo, Ntebo , Mathe, Kasenge
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Economic growth , Developing countries , Power infrastructure financing
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/403834 , uj:33857 , Citation: Ayorinde, E.O., Ngcobo, N. & Mathe, K. 2019. Current sources of financing power infrastructure in developing countries : principal component analysis approach.
- Description: Abstract: Infrastructure plays the dominant role in structuring and positioning every nation’s economy and social development. Infrastructure financing is the blue print in achieving infrastructure development in developing and developed countries. This research project determines the current sources of financing infrastructure in developing countries. The study adopted a quantitative research approach with data gathered from the respondents within power infrastructure development in the region. The findings revealed current sources of financing power infrastructure in developing countries to be commercial bank loans, public finance, private finance, power utility fees, public-private partnership, foreign direct investment. These were seen as current sources of financing power infrastructure in developing countries. Having established that no society can develop without adequate investment in the power infrastructure sector, there is a call for adequate investment in the power infrastructure to foster and re-integrate developing countries in the path of economic development and global relevance. If the central government can direct adequate finance and harness the current sources available to develop power infrastructure in their society, it will ultimately lead to enormous economic growth and social development in the region. This research project will contribute to the development of public infrastructure in developing countries, which will directly influence the development of power infrastructure in the region for the purpose of economic relevance and improvement of lives in the society.
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- Authors: Ayorinde, Emmanuel Oikelomen , Ngcobo, Ntebo , Mathe, Kasenge
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Economic growth , Developing countries , Power infrastructure financing
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/403834 , uj:33857 , Citation: Ayorinde, E.O., Ngcobo, N. & Mathe, K. 2019. Current sources of financing power infrastructure in developing countries : principal component analysis approach.
- Description: Abstract: Infrastructure plays the dominant role in structuring and positioning every nation’s economy and social development. Infrastructure financing is the blue print in achieving infrastructure development in developing and developed countries. This research project determines the current sources of financing infrastructure in developing countries. The study adopted a quantitative research approach with data gathered from the respondents within power infrastructure development in the region. The findings revealed current sources of financing power infrastructure in developing countries to be commercial bank loans, public finance, private finance, power utility fees, public-private partnership, foreign direct investment. These were seen as current sources of financing power infrastructure in developing countries. Having established that no society can develop without adequate investment in the power infrastructure sector, there is a call for adequate investment in the power infrastructure to foster and re-integrate developing countries in the path of economic development and global relevance. If the central government can direct adequate finance and harness the current sources available to develop power infrastructure in their society, it will ultimately lead to enormous economic growth and social development in the region. This research project will contribute to the development of public infrastructure in developing countries, which will directly influence the development of power infrastructure in the region for the purpose of economic relevance and improvement of lives in the society.
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Developing an urban sustainability toolbox using earth observation data and GIS for monitoring rapid urbanisation in developing countries.
- Musakwa, W., van Niekerk, A. & Mbinza, Z
- Authors: Musakwa, W., van Niekerk, A. & Mbinza, Z
- Subjects: Urban sustainability , Urbanisation , Developing countries , Urban planners
- Language: English
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/15905 , uj:15716 , Musakwa, W, van Niekerk, A & Mbinza, Z, 2013. Developing an urban sustainability toolbox using earth observation data and GIS for monitoring rapid urbanisation in developing countries. 49th ISOCARP Congress , 1 – 4 October 2013, Brisbane, Australia.
- Description: Abstract Please refer to full text
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- Authors: Musakwa, W., van Niekerk, A. & Mbinza, Z
- Subjects: Urban sustainability , Urbanisation , Developing countries , Urban planners
- Language: English
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/15905 , uj:15716 , Musakwa, W, van Niekerk, A & Mbinza, Z, 2013. Developing an urban sustainability toolbox using earth observation data and GIS for monitoring rapid urbanisation in developing countries. 49th ISOCARP Congress , 1 – 4 October 2013, Brisbane, Australia.
- Description: Abstract Please refer to full text
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Implications of the World Trade Organisation agreements for developing countries with specific reference to Southern Africa
- Authors: Du Plessis, Sharon
- Date: 2011-12-06
- Subjects: World Trade Organization , General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) , Developing countries
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:1790 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4154
- Description: M.A.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Du Plessis, Sharon
- Date: 2011-12-06
- Subjects: World Trade Organization , General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) , Developing countries
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:1790 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4154
- Description: M.A.
- Full Text:
Lessons gained from four case studies of operations research for sustainable development in South Africa
- Authors: Ittmann, Hans W.
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Developing countries , OR for sustainable development , System dynamics
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/396257 , uj:32893 , Citation: Ittmann, H.W. 2019. Lessons gained from four case studies of operations research for sustainable development in South Africa. Central European Journal of Operations Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-019-00644-x
- Description: Abstract: South Africa is a developing country with many unique and challenging problems. Many of these challenges can be addressed using Operations Research (OR). While industry and many components of the country’s economy are comparable to that of a developed country, South Africa is the country in the world where inequality between the rich and the poor is the highest. Unemployment is unacceptably high; the official rate is close to 30%. A major component of the population is dependent on social grants, while the remains of its political past will be felt for many years to come. Given this brief background it is surprising that OR applications to address many of the developmental challenges and problems in the country remain limited. In this paper four case studies are briefly presented about OR for sustainable development work performed at the major research institution in the country. It is a historic perspective of work done over the past twenty odd years and endeavours to give a view of the nature of the work done, as well as the hurdles and difficulties encountered in the process. Two major challenges identified in doing this work are the need for enough funding for this work, and sustainability. It is indicated that sustainability, in these cases, refers to ensuring that the beneficiaries of the work will be able to continue, and be self-supporting after completion of the projects.
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- Authors: Ittmann, Hans W.
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Developing countries , OR for sustainable development , System dynamics
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/396257 , uj:32893 , Citation: Ittmann, H.W. 2019. Lessons gained from four case studies of operations research for sustainable development in South Africa. Central European Journal of Operations Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-019-00644-x
- Description: Abstract: South Africa is a developing country with many unique and challenging problems. Many of these challenges can be addressed using Operations Research (OR). While industry and many components of the country’s economy are comparable to that of a developed country, South Africa is the country in the world where inequality between the rich and the poor is the highest. Unemployment is unacceptably high; the official rate is close to 30%. A major component of the population is dependent on social grants, while the remains of its political past will be felt for many years to come. Given this brief background it is surprising that OR applications to address many of the developmental challenges and problems in the country remain limited. In this paper four case studies are briefly presented about OR for sustainable development work performed at the major research institution in the country. It is a historic perspective of work done over the past twenty odd years and endeavours to give a view of the nature of the work done, as well as the hurdles and difficulties encountered in the process. Two major challenges identified in doing this work are the need for enough funding for this work, and sustainability. It is indicated that sustainability, in these cases, refers to ensuring that the beneficiaries of the work will be able to continue, and be self-supporting after completion of the projects.
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Management through decentralisation and local economic development: a condition for sustainable urbanisation in Africa
- Authors: Edoun, Emmanuel Innocents
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Developing countries , Marshall plan , Decentralisation , Africa , Corruption
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/91983 , uj:20170 , Citation: Edoun, E.I. 2016. Management through decentralisation and local economic development: a condition for sustainable urbanisation in Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Many developing countries including those in Africa thrive to provide decent public services to their citizens; this includes the provision of basic services such as water and electricity. However, the initial findings revealed that, lack of capacity, adequate leadership; corruption and good governance are some of the reasons why these countries failed to achieve their development objective, especially in most African countries. Western countries after the World War II (WWII) put in place the Marshall Plan to assist countries in Europe that were seriously damaged by the atrocities of the War. The Marshall Plan was a whole developmental package for reconstruction and development strategy; this included the rebuilding of infrastructures, schools, hospitals and the entire reorganisation of state apparatus. From there on many international organisations were created to entrench and consolidate the notion of democracy in most of these European countries. The notion of democracy and good governance therefore became the flagship for administration in Europe. Since then nation building and societal cohesion initiatives have assist local, provincial and national governments to adopt policies that use national resources effectively for continually building Europe in order to maintain its economic and political power. Organisations such as the United City of Local Government (UCLG) based in Spain and its related organs across the world have encouraged cities of countries members to develop through decentralisation strategies since decentralisation is perceived in the current context as a condition to sustainable urbanisation and local economic development. This paper is therefore based on the premise that, urbanisation could be effective only if decentralisation policy is at the centre of development initiatives. In this way the paper argues, local authorities could utilize local resources to ignite local economic development (LED) through for instance trade activities and investments.LED initiatives aim at empowering local stakeholders to utilise business enterprises, labour, capital and other local resources effectively to maximise local benefits in order to contribute to poverty reduction and the uplifting of citizens life conditions. The paper is divided into four major parts. The first part gives a background of the notion of decentralisation, urbanisation and local economic development. The second part gives an account on how the above are inter-related. The third part provides the challenges faced by urbanisation in achieving local economic development and part four is presented as conclusion and recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Edoun, Emmanuel Innocents
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Developing countries , Marshall plan , Decentralisation , Africa , Corruption
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/91983 , uj:20170 , Citation: Edoun, E.I. 2016. Management through decentralisation and local economic development: a condition for sustainable urbanisation in Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Many developing countries including those in Africa thrive to provide decent public services to their citizens; this includes the provision of basic services such as water and electricity. However, the initial findings revealed that, lack of capacity, adequate leadership; corruption and good governance are some of the reasons why these countries failed to achieve their development objective, especially in most African countries. Western countries after the World War II (WWII) put in place the Marshall Plan to assist countries in Europe that were seriously damaged by the atrocities of the War. The Marshall Plan was a whole developmental package for reconstruction and development strategy; this included the rebuilding of infrastructures, schools, hospitals and the entire reorganisation of state apparatus. From there on many international organisations were created to entrench and consolidate the notion of democracy in most of these European countries. The notion of democracy and good governance therefore became the flagship for administration in Europe. Since then nation building and societal cohesion initiatives have assist local, provincial and national governments to adopt policies that use national resources effectively for continually building Europe in order to maintain its economic and political power. Organisations such as the United City of Local Government (UCLG) based in Spain and its related organs across the world have encouraged cities of countries members to develop through decentralisation strategies since decentralisation is perceived in the current context as a condition to sustainable urbanisation and local economic development. This paper is therefore based on the premise that, urbanisation could be effective only if decentralisation policy is at the centre of development initiatives. In this way the paper argues, local authorities could utilize local resources to ignite local economic development (LED) through for instance trade activities and investments.LED initiatives aim at empowering local stakeholders to utilise business enterprises, labour, capital and other local resources effectively to maximise local benefits in order to contribute to poverty reduction and the uplifting of citizens life conditions. The paper is divided into four major parts. The first part gives a background of the notion of decentralisation, urbanisation and local economic development. The second part gives an account on how the above are inter-related. The third part provides the challenges faced by urbanisation in achieving local economic development and part four is presented as conclusion and recommendations.
- Full Text:
The politics of global trade: why do some developing countries trade more yet earn less?
- Authors: Curtin, Camilla
- Date: 2010-05-24T09:06:21Z
- Subjects: World Trade Organization , Developing countries , International trade , Foreign trade regulation , Poverty
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6817 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3251
- Description: M.A. , International markets have expanded through the global reduction of protectionist policies, such as tariffs and quotas, which has in turn expanded international trade between states. The reduction of trade barriers and the implementation of trade liberalisation have caused the international trade structure to change; resources are shifting away from traditional industries and into new ones resulting in new trade opportunities and trade-offs. However, the gains from increased international trade have been unequal; some states, mainly the industrialised, developed nations and the East Asian economies, have reaped the benefits from an increasingly integrated trading system. Numerous developing countries have actively reduced their barriers to international trade and have attempted to integrate their economies into the international trading system. Nevertheless, many of these developing countries are highly impoverished and uncompetitive in the global economy. Within this context, it is the purpose of this dissertation to determine with greater clarity why certain developing countries have significantly decreased their barriers to international trade but have not benefited, both politically and economically, from these actions. In other words, why have certain developing countries, such as those in Latin America, the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and Africa, increased their trade liberalisation but not benefited from this increased openness. Additionally, why have other developing states, such as the East Asian economies, become key competitors within the global economy? In short, this study investigates why some developing countries trade more yet earn less. The examination of developing countries within the international trading system is presented in a theoretical perspective constructed with a focus on the three classic international relations theories, namely realism, liberalism and structuralism. Each of these theories is employed descriptively as well as prescriptively as tools to evaluate the nature of the international trading system as well as the positioning of developing countries within the trading regime. Applying these prisms of reality, certain developing countries’ position in the global economy are assessed and evaluated through an examination of the WTO and developing countries, the implementation of import substitution policies and export-led industrialisation strategies by various developing countries and the international trends that have caused various developing countries to be uncompetitive in the global trading regime.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Curtin, Camilla
- Date: 2010-05-24T09:06:21Z
- Subjects: World Trade Organization , Developing countries , International trade , Foreign trade regulation , Poverty
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6817 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3251
- Description: M.A. , International markets have expanded through the global reduction of protectionist policies, such as tariffs and quotas, which has in turn expanded international trade between states. The reduction of trade barriers and the implementation of trade liberalisation have caused the international trade structure to change; resources are shifting away from traditional industries and into new ones resulting in new trade opportunities and trade-offs. However, the gains from increased international trade have been unequal; some states, mainly the industrialised, developed nations and the East Asian economies, have reaped the benefits from an increasingly integrated trading system. Numerous developing countries have actively reduced their barriers to international trade and have attempted to integrate their economies into the international trading system. Nevertheless, many of these developing countries are highly impoverished and uncompetitive in the global economy. Within this context, it is the purpose of this dissertation to determine with greater clarity why certain developing countries have significantly decreased their barriers to international trade but have not benefited, both politically and economically, from these actions. In other words, why have certain developing countries, such as those in Latin America, the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and Africa, increased their trade liberalisation but not benefited from this increased openness. Additionally, why have other developing states, such as the East Asian economies, become key competitors within the global economy? In short, this study investigates why some developing countries trade more yet earn less. The examination of developing countries within the international trading system is presented in a theoretical perspective constructed with a focus on the three classic international relations theories, namely realism, liberalism and structuralism. Each of these theories is employed descriptively as well as prescriptively as tools to evaluate the nature of the international trading system as well as the positioning of developing countries within the trading regime. Applying these prisms of reality, certain developing countries’ position in the global economy are assessed and evaluated through an examination of the WTO and developing countries, the implementation of import substitution policies and export-led industrialisation strategies by various developing countries and the international trends that have caused various developing countries to be uncompetitive in the global trading regime.
- Full Text:
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