Assessing the missing link within the concept of preventive diplomacy with reference to African conflicts
- Authors: Niyitunga, Eric B.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Diplomacy , Conflict management - Africa , Africa - Foreign relations
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/218644 , uj:21800 , Citation: Niyitunga, E.B. 2016. Assessing the missing link within the concept of preventive diplomacy with reference to African conflicts. Journal for Contemporary History, 41(2):229-250. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/ 10.18820/24150509/ JCH41.v2.12 , ISSN: 0258-2422 , ISSN: 2415-0509
- Description: Abstract: The role of preventive diplomacy is to prevent the emergence of violent conflicts, to prevent on-going conflicts from spreading and to prevent the relapse of an already settled conflict. The purpose of this article is to critically assess the existing gaps within the concept of preventive diplomacy that render it less appropriate in preventing and managing African conflicts in the post-Cold War era. The article gives an overview of the historical development of preventive diplomacy, referred to as orthodox preventive diplomacy. It examines the existent missing link within the concept of orthodox preventive diplomacy, and explains why the concept was ineffective in resolving African conflicts and preventing their recurrence. In conclusion, it is asserted that, given the fact that both the character and the agents of conflicts changed from interstate to intrastate, a new preventive diplomacy is needed to successfully prevent deadly conflicts before they occur. A qualitative research method, with an exploratory approach, was adopted.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Niyitunga, Eric B.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Diplomacy , Conflict management - Africa , Africa - Foreign relations
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/218644 , uj:21800 , Citation: Niyitunga, E.B. 2016. Assessing the missing link within the concept of preventive diplomacy with reference to African conflicts. Journal for Contemporary History, 41(2):229-250. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/ 10.18820/24150509/ JCH41.v2.12 , ISSN: 0258-2422 , ISSN: 2415-0509
- Description: Abstract: The role of preventive diplomacy is to prevent the emergence of violent conflicts, to prevent on-going conflicts from spreading and to prevent the relapse of an already settled conflict. The purpose of this article is to critically assess the existing gaps within the concept of preventive diplomacy that render it less appropriate in preventing and managing African conflicts in the post-Cold War era. The article gives an overview of the historical development of preventive diplomacy, referred to as orthodox preventive diplomacy. It examines the existent missing link within the concept of orthodox preventive diplomacy, and explains why the concept was ineffective in resolving African conflicts and preventing their recurrence. In conclusion, it is asserted that, given the fact that both the character and the agents of conflicts changed from interstate to intrastate, a new preventive diplomacy is needed to successfully prevent deadly conflicts before they occur. A qualitative research method, with an exploratory approach, was adopted.
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Exploring the challenges of the African Union (AU)-led mediation in peace processes : the cases of Burundi, Libya, and Zimbabwe
- Authors: Niyitunga, Eric Blanco
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mediation - Africa , Conflict management - Africa , Peace-building - Africa , Peacekeeping forces, African , African Union
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/251595 , uj:26206
- Description: Abstract: Extensive research exists on the role of peacekeeping forces and yet relatively few studies have examined the role of AU mediation and the challenges it encounters in resolving African conflicts. While peacekeeping missions can halt political conflicts, however, literature depicts that they do not help deal with the conflicts from their root causes, and this is the reason why in many places political violence and insecurity have become intractable on the continent. The central aim of this study has been to study the role of mediation in resolving political violence and investigate whether the AU does fully own the mediation process and has autonomy over the mediation agendas and outcome. The study finds that Africa’s most important inter-state actor has no supremacy and wherewithal to act as an autonomous and powerful actor in the mediation process. Autonomous in that it is unable to act independently by setting and presiding of its agenda, and to act victoriously without being overcome by narrow endogenous (Africa) or exogenous (extra African) interests and influence. Challenges that were found depriving the AU of ownership and autonomy in mediation processes are both internal and external. The internal challenges were confirmed to include: the AU’s mediators’ failure to understand the origins, root causes and nature of African conflicts; the AU’s mediators’ lack of professional expertise in conflict analysis; unchecked divisions among AU member states; the AU’s lack of full control and authority over the mediation process; the AU’s lack of professionally trained and experienced mediators in mediation research; weakness of the AU mediation process; unfilled gaps in the AU’s Peace and Security Architecture; the lack of institutionalised mediation architecture and mediation teams at the AU; and lack of African originated resources to support AU mediation processes. The external challenges include: the presence of the seemingly unconquerable external conspiracy of dictatorial forces from the Western countries before and/or during the mediation process. Therefore, with these challenges, the study demonstrated that the AU does neither own mediation processes nor does it have autonomy over the mediation agenda item and outcomes. This was done through the close examination of how the AU mediation team applied the principles governing successful mediation in three African cases... , D.Litt. et Phil.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Niyitunga, Eric Blanco
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mediation - Africa , Conflict management - Africa , Peace-building - Africa , Peacekeeping forces, African , African Union
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/251595 , uj:26206
- Description: Abstract: Extensive research exists on the role of peacekeeping forces and yet relatively few studies have examined the role of AU mediation and the challenges it encounters in resolving African conflicts. While peacekeeping missions can halt political conflicts, however, literature depicts that they do not help deal with the conflicts from their root causes, and this is the reason why in many places political violence and insecurity have become intractable on the continent. The central aim of this study has been to study the role of mediation in resolving political violence and investigate whether the AU does fully own the mediation process and has autonomy over the mediation agendas and outcome. The study finds that Africa’s most important inter-state actor has no supremacy and wherewithal to act as an autonomous and powerful actor in the mediation process. Autonomous in that it is unable to act independently by setting and presiding of its agenda, and to act victoriously without being overcome by narrow endogenous (Africa) or exogenous (extra African) interests and influence. Challenges that were found depriving the AU of ownership and autonomy in mediation processes are both internal and external. The internal challenges were confirmed to include: the AU’s mediators’ failure to understand the origins, root causes and nature of African conflicts; the AU’s mediators’ lack of professional expertise in conflict analysis; unchecked divisions among AU member states; the AU’s lack of full control and authority over the mediation process; the AU’s lack of professionally trained and experienced mediators in mediation research; weakness of the AU mediation process; unfilled gaps in the AU’s Peace and Security Architecture; the lack of institutionalised mediation architecture and mediation teams at the AU; and lack of African originated resources to support AU mediation processes. The external challenges include: the presence of the seemingly unconquerable external conspiracy of dictatorial forces from the Western countries before and/or during the mediation process. Therefore, with these challenges, the study demonstrated that the AU does neither own mediation processes nor does it have autonomy over the mediation agenda item and outcomes. This was done through the close examination of how the AU mediation team applied the principles governing successful mediation in three African cases... , D.Litt. et Phil.
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