A case series describing the effect of thoracic manipulation on qEEG
- Authors: Bhamjee, Saeedah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268677 , uj:28524
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the effect of chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine on brain quantitative electro encephalogram (qEEG) readings. Method: A descriptive design following a case series approach was used to record changes in qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic clinic. The study comprised of 10 participants with thoracic motion restrictions. The brainwave activity of each participant was measured and recorded using the qEEG. A pre- manipulation reading was taken, which comprised of the measurement of the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then with their eyes closed. A post-manipulation reading was taken immediately after, also measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. Thirty minutes later a second post manipulation reading was taken, measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. The data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. The results were analysed and described to find the relationship between the manipulation and the different areas of the brain with its associated brain wave activity. Results: Changes of particular interest were found across all three lobes. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe were indicative of a relaxed and reflective state in participants. Changes in the delta and beta waves in the temporal and frontal lobe also showed the manipulations potential to increase the relaxed state in participants. Although, it should be noted that throughout the trial participants were in lying down in a quiet and un-stimulatory environment, which may also have contributed to the changes demonstrated. Conclusion: This study fully describes 10 participants and the manipulation effect on qEEG. Based on the results, chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine does have an effect on qEEG readings. However the motivation behind the results remain inconclusive. A larger group of participants are needed and the variables need to be more controlled to make a definite conclusion and allow for statistical analysis.
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- Authors: Bhamjee, Saeedah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268677 , uj:28524
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the effect of chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine on brain quantitative electro encephalogram (qEEG) readings. Method: A descriptive design following a case series approach was used to record changes in qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic clinic. The study comprised of 10 participants with thoracic motion restrictions. The brainwave activity of each participant was measured and recorded using the qEEG. A pre- manipulation reading was taken, which comprised of the measurement of the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then with their eyes closed. A post-manipulation reading was taken immediately after, also measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. Thirty minutes later a second post manipulation reading was taken, measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. The data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. The results were analysed and described to find the relationship between the manipulation and the different areas of the brain with its associated brain wave activity. Results: Changes of particular interest were found across all three lobes. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe were indicative of a relaxed and reflective state in participants. Changes in the delta and beta waves in the temporal and frontal lobe also showed the manipulations potential to increase the relaxed state in participants. Although, it should be noted that throughout the trial participants were in lying down in a quiet and un-stimulatory environment, which may also have contributed to the changes demonstrated. Conclusion: This study fully describes 10 participants and the manipulation effect on qEEG. Based on the results, chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine does have an effect on qEEG readings. However the motivation behind the results remain inconclusive. A larger group of participants are needed and the variables need to be more controlled to make a definite conclusion and allow for statistical analysis.
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A case series describing the effect of lumbar manipulation on qEEG
- Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Authors: Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268590 , uj:28514
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing whether or not chiropractic manipulation delivered to lumbar spine motion restrictions have any recognisable effect on quantitative electroencephalogram readings. Method: A descriptive case series method was chosen for this study. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic day clinic. The study consisted of 10 participants with lumbar spine motion restrictions. The electroencephalogram was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and closed, before any lumbar manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, two measurements were taken, one while the participants’ eyes were open and one while the participants’ eyes were closed. The first measurement took place immediately after the manipulation, and the second measurement took place 30 minutes later. It was decided to simplify the quantitative electroencephalogram data to eyes open only, and the data was converted into mean values of the theta and beta brain waves. A change was described in the quantitative electroencephalogram readings following chiropractic manipulation for each individual participant, as well as during observation of the group average results. Results: After investigating the results, the brain waves showed distinct changes across all three lobes in all 10 participants. Typically there was either an increase or decrease immediately post manipulation. The majority of measurements across all lobes were higher than the initial baseline values 30 minutes post manipulation. Theta wave activity across the frontal and temporal lobes showed the same decrease-increase trend possibly due to the after-effect mechanism caused by lumbar manipulation. The largest increase in theta activity took place in the frontal lobe 30 minutes post manipulation. The most significant increase trend of the beta waves also took place in the frontal lobe, possibly due to the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the temporal and parietal association areas. The trends of these waves represent increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, leaving the participants in an attentive and vigilant state of information processing. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for activation of the executive function mechanism used to improve neurological function such as improved joint position sense, reaction time, cortical...
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- Authors: Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268590 , uj:28514
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing whether or not chiropractic manipulation delivered to lumbar spine motion restrictions have any recognisable effect on quantitative electroencephalogram readings. Method: A descriptive case series method was chosen for this study. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic day clinic. The study consisted of 10 participants with lumbar spine motion restrictions. The electroencephalogram was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and closed, before any lumbar manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, two measurements were taken, one while the participants’ eyes were open and one while the participants’ eyes were closed. The first measurement took place immediately after the manipulation, and the second measurement took place 30 minutes later. It was decided to simplify the quantitative electroencephalogram data to eyes open only, and the data was converted into mean values of the theta and beta brain waves. A change was described in the quantitative electroencephalogram readings following chiropractic manipulation for each individual participant, as well as during observation of the group average results. Results: After investigating the results, the brain waves showed distinct changes across all three lobes in all 10 participants. Typically there was either an increase or decrease immediately post manipulation. The majority of measurements across all lobes were higher than the initial baseline values 30 minutes post manipulation. Theta wave activity across the frontal and temporal lobes showed the same decrease-increase trend possibly due to the after-effect mechanism caused by lumbar manipulation. The largest increase in theta activity took place in the frontal lobe 30 minutes post manipulation. The most significant increase trend of the beta waves also took place in the frontal lobe, possibly due to the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the temporal and parietal association areas. The trends of these waves represent increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, leaving the participants in an attentive and vigilant state of information processing. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for activation of the executive function mechanism used to improve neurological function such as improved joint position sense, reaction time, cortical...
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A case series describing the medium term effect of cervical manipulation on qEEG
- Authors: Labuschagne, Larisha Rensia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268509 , uj:28504
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing the medium- term effect of cervical manipulation on quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) readings over multiple chiropractic manipulations. Method: A descriptive design was used to perform this study. One group, which consisted of 10 participants, contributed to this study to detect if a cervical manipulation may have an influence on brainwave activity over a period of time (and therefore qEEG readings). The study took place in the UJ Chiropractic Day Clinic on the Doornfontein Campus. The participants were manipulated once a week for three consecutive weeks. As qEEG readings are easily influenced by external stimuli, the participants were in a room with minimal stimulation. Each participant’s brainwaves were recorded with two-minutes eyes open and two-minutes eyes closed. They then received a cervical spine manipulation to restricted vertebrae followed with another two-minute eyes open and two-minute eyes closed intervals. Only the theta (slow waves) and beta (fast waves) values were converted into numerical values and were used to describe potential changes. Results: The frontal lobe presented the most varied readings throughout the three visits and the parietal lobe revealed the most active changes. Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in older participants and a single participant with peripheral complications. Conclusion: This study was done to describe the effect cervical manipulation has on qEEG (not a particular increase or decrease) in ten participants. It was shown that post-cervical manipulation over a medium - term theta and beta waves of all lobes demonstrated change. Further investigation is necessary in order to offer evidence on how and why a chiropractic manipulation may have an effect on qEEG as well as what the implications could mean.
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- Authors: Labuschagne, Larisha Rensia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268509 , uj:28504
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing the medium- term effect of cervical manipulation on quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) readings over multiple chiropractic manipulations. Method: A descriptive design was used to perform this study. One group, which consisted of 10 participants, contributed to this study to detect if a cervical manipulation may have an influence on brainwave activity over a period of time (and therefore qEEG readings). The study took place in the UJ Chiropractic Day Clinic on the Doornfontein Campus. The participants were manipulated once a week for three consecutive weeks. As qEEG readings are easily influenced by external stimuli, the participants were in a room with minimal stimulation. Each participant’s brainwaves were recorded with two-minutes eyes open and two-minutes eyes closed. They then received a cervical spine manipulation to restricted vertebrae followed with another two-minute eyes open and two-minute eyes closed intervals. Only the theta (slow waves) and beta (fast waves) values were converted into numerical values and were used to describe potential changes. Results: The frontal lobe presented the most varied readings throughout the three visits and the parietal lobe revealed the most active changes. Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in older participants and a single participant with peripheral complications. Conclusion: This study was done to describe the effect cervical manipulation has on qEEG (not a particular increase or decrease) in ten participants. It was shown that post-cervical manipulation over a medium - term theta and beta waves of all lobes demonstrated change. Further investigation is necessary in order to offer evidence on how and why a chiropractic manipulation may have an effect on qEEG as well as what the implications could mean.
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A case series describing the effect of extremity manipulation on qEEG
- Authors: Randal-Smith, Devlin Sean
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Ankle , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246598 , uj:25577
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the effect that an extremity manipulation particulary a talocrural joint (TCJM) manipulation had on qEEG. Method: A descriptive case series was chosen for this study. 10 participants that met the relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The study looked to observe changes in the qEEG readings before and immediately following the extremity manipulation, as well as 30 minutes after the manipulation was delivered. The study took place in the Chiropractic Clinic at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus. The 10 participants were screened for long axis extension talocrural joint restrictions. The qEEG was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then closed before any manipulation was given. Immediately following the manipulation, another recording was taken, again with the eyes open and then closed. Finally, the values 30 minutes post-manipulation were captured. Once again with the eyes open and then closed. The qEEG data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. These values were used to find any statistical significance in the results. An analysis of the results was performed to identify relationships between the manipulation and brain wave activity within each of the lobes (frontal, temporal and parietal). Results: Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in all of the lobes. Beta and delta wave changes immediately following the manipulation, in the frontal lobe and temporal lobe were indicative of the participants’ increased relaxed/ resting states.. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe following the manipulation and 30 minutes later were also suggestive of the participants’ increased relaxed and reflective state. Also important to consider was the patients immobile and quiet state throughout the trial. Conclusion: In this study, the findings are limited and inconclusive as there is no sure way to quantify how much of the increase in relaxation of the participant was a result of the extremity manipulation or the participants’ motionless and silent state. Research is severely limited on the relationship between peripheral joint manipulation and its effect on the brain. The only studies that exist are concerned with spinal manipulation. It is interesting to see that the degree of changes following the TCJM showed a similar extent of change as seen by the spinal studies. This could suggest that there are alternative factors responsible for the changes directly following the manipulation. The study has still made an encouraging contribution to the claim that chiropractic manipulation has an effect on qEEG readings, based on the...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Randal-Smith, Devlin Sean
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Ankle , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246598 , uj:25577
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the effect that an extremity manipulation particulary a talocrural joint (TCJM) manipulation had on qEEG. Method: A descriptive case series was chosen for this study. 10 participants that met the relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The study looked to observe changes in the qEEG readings before and immediately following the extremity manipulation, as well as 30 minutes after the manipulation was delivered. The study took place in the Chiropractic Clinic at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus. The 10 participants were screened for long axis extension talocrural joint restrictions. The qEEG was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then closed before any manipulation was given. Immediately following the manipulation, another recording was taken, again with the eyes open and then closed. Finally, the values 30 minutes post-manipulation were captured. Once again with the eyes open and then closed. The qEEG data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. These values were used to find any statistical significance in the results. An analysis of the results was performed to identify relationships between the manipulation and brain wave activity within each of the lobes (frontal, temporal and parietal). Results: Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in all of the lobes. Beta and delta wave changes immediately following the manipulation, in the frontal lobe and temporal lobe were indicative of the participants’ increased relaxed/ resting states.. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe following the manipulation and 30 minutes later were also suggestive of the participants’ increased relaxed and reflective state. Also important to consider was the patients immobile and quiet state throughout the trial. Conclusion: In this study, the findings are limited and inconclusive as there is no sure way to quantify how much of the increase in relaxation of the participant was a result of the extremity manipulation or the participants’ motionless and silent state. Research is severely limited on the relationship between peripheral joint manipulation and its effect on the brain. The only studies that exist are concerned with spinal manipulation. It is interesting to see that the degree of changes following the TCJM showed a similar extent of change as seen by the spinal studies. This could suggest that there are alternative factors responsible for the changes directly following the manipulation. The study has still made an encouraging contribution to the claim that chiropractic manipulation has an effect on qEEG readings, based on the...
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The effect of manual versus mechanical cervical manipulation on QEEG
- Authors: Robertson, Kim Nicole
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231436 , uj:23576
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of manual chiropractic manipulations versus a mechanical manipulating device on the influence on oscillations at different frequencies with an extracranial scalp quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG). Method: A comparative design using random group allocation was chosen for this study. This study looked for changes in the QEEG readings before and after manual chiropractic manipulations and compared them to before and after readings of the mechanical manipulating device results. The study took place in the Chiropractic Clinic at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus. The study comprised twenty participants with cervical spine motion restrictions who were randomly allocated into two groups of ten. The QEEG was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then closed before any manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, there was a reading done immediately after, again with the eyes open and then closed, as well as thirty minutes post-manipulation. The QEEG data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, theta and beta. These values were used to find any statistical significance in the results. An exploratory analysis was performed with the assistance of Statkon to identify relationships in the results using the theta: beta ratio. Results: Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in the parietal lobe. In the parietal lobe, there was a significant difference between Group A (mechanical manipulation) and Group B (manual manipulation) in the intergroup analysis pre-manipulation (p=0.019) and post-manipulation (p=0.023) when the participants’ eyes were open. After assessing the mean ranks, it could be concluded that manual manipulation had a greater effect on the parietal lobe than mechanical manipulation. In the frontal and temporal lobe, although important, no findings were of particular interest as there were no statistically significant findings evident in the results relating to these lobes. Conclusion: In this study, the limited findings indicate that no clear conclusions can be drawn with regards to whether or not mechanical manipulation has a similar effect to manual manipulation. The study has contributed positively to the claim that manual manipulation does have an effect on QEEG as there were significant changes present post-manual manipulation in
- Full Text:
- Authors: Robertson, Kim Nicole
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231436 , uj:23576
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of manual chiropractic manipulations versus a mechanical manipulating device on the influence on oscillations at different frequencies with an extracranial scalp quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG). Method: A comparative design using random group allocation was chosen for this study. This study looked for changes in the QEEG readings before and after manual chiropractic manipulations and compared them to before and after readings of the mechanical manipulating device results. The study took place in the Chiropractic Clinic at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus. The study comprised twenty participants with cervical spine motion restrictions who were randomly allocated into two groups of ten. The QEEG was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then closed before any manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, there was a reading done immediately after, again with the eyes open and then closed, as well as thirty minutes post-manipulation. The QEEG data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, theta and beta. These values were used to find any statistical significance in the results. An exploratory analysis was performed with the assistance of Statkon to identify relationships in the results using the theta: beta ratio. Results: Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in the parietal lobe. In the parietal lobe, there was a significant difference between Group A (mechanical manipulation) and Group B (manual manipulation) in the intergroup analysis pre-manipulation (p=0.019) and post-manipulation (p=0.023) when the participants’ eyes were open. After assessing the mean ranks, it could be concluded that manual manipulation had a greater effect on the parietal lobe than mechanical manipulation. In the frontal and temporal lobe, although important, no findings were of particular interest as there were no statistically significant findings evident in the results relating to these lobes. Conclusion: In this study, the limited findings indicate that no clear conclusions can be drawn with regards to whether or not mechanical manipulation has a similar effect to manual manipulation. The study has contributed positively to the claim that manual manipulation does have an effect on QEEG as there were significant changes present post-manual manipulation in
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Describing the trends of qEEG change caused by cervical manipulation
- Authors: Scott, Michelle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268532 , uj:28506
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is used to measure brain wave activity. qEEG is commonly used to determine and asses neural function, neurophysiology and neurological deficits. It is an inexpensive tool used for both diagnostic and prognostic information. It is alleged that chiropractic manipulation affects the central nervous system beyond the dorsal root ganglia; as well as the brain itself. Although controversial studies are demonstrating there is an effect on brain qEEG, limited research has looked at the detailed trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. This could theoretically stimulate further related research and thus redefine the existing limits of chiropractic treatment of the central nervous system by influencing brain wave activity. Method: A descriptive design was used to attempt to track trends on qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. The EEG equipment that was used for the trials was a MP 150 Biopac system. On arrival at the Chiropractic clinic all participants were assessed as new patients and then randomly divided into two groups of 5. Once this was completed the EEG cap was placed on the participants head and the first of six recordings was started. Subsequent to the completion of the first recording, the participants’ cervical spine was manipulated/ sham manipulated (control group). The remainder of the recordings then took place at 15 minute intervals. Results: There was a definitive difference in the readings pre- and post-manipulation for both groups, across all three brain lobes. Group A appeared to have more consistent predictable changes. Group B appeared to have haphazard changes. Some participants showed more pronounced changes in brain wave activity than others. Conclusion: The definitive changes pre- and post- manipulation readings demonstrate that there are apparent variations in the qEEG readings post cervical manipulation...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Scott, Michelle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268532 , uj:28506
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is used to measure brain wave activity. qEEG is commonly used to determine and asses neural function, neurophysiology and neurological deficits. It is an inexpensive tool used for both diagnostic and prognostic information. It is alleged that chiropractic manipulation affects the central nervous system beyond the dorsal root ganglia; as well as the brain itself. Although controversial studies are demonstrating there is an effect on brain qEEG, limited research has looked at the detailed trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. This could theoretically stimulate further related research and thus redefine the existing limits of chiropractic treatment of the central nervous system by influencing brain wave activity. Method: A descriptive design was used to attempt to track trends on qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. The EEG equipment that was used for the trials was a MP 150 Biopac system. On arrival at the Chiropractic clinic all participants were assessed as new patients and then randomly divided into two groups of 5. Once this was completed the EEG cap was placed on the participants head and the first of six recordings was started. Subsequent to the completion of the first recording, the participants’ cervical spine was manipulated/ sham manipulated (control group). The remainder of the recordings then took place at 15 minute intervals. Results: There was a definitive difference in the readings pre- and post-manipulation for both groups, across all three brain lobes. Group A appeared to have more consistent predictable changes. Group B appeared to have haphazard changes. Some participants showed more pronounced changes in brain wave activity than others. Conclusion: The definitive changes pre- and post- manipulation readings demonstrate that there are apparent variations in the qEEG readings post cervical manipulation...
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