Adherence to behavior therapy in the borderline personality disorder
- Authors: Prisman, Desiree
- Date: 2012-08-08
- Subjects: Borderline personality disorder treatment , Behavior therapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8944 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5417
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. , The aim of this study was to evaluate a feasible rating scale to measure the adherence of therapists carrying out Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) clients. Adherence referred to therapists carrying out DBT and how frequently and thoroughly they executed the specific targets and strategies of the therapy, which included taking the context into account. DBT is very specific in its treatment targets and in their hierarchical order of importance. The 97 item adherence scale was rated on a 7 point (0-6) scale. Some 86 items, that corresponded with the therapist ethological scale, were selected and then compared to the therapist and client ethological scales from an earlier study. These ethogram scales were process coding instruments which rated minute-by-minute, the frequency of specific categories of client and therapist verbal behaviors. The adherence scale was further compared to client self-report diary card measures. The diary card measures were also compared to the therapist and client ethological scales. Randomly selected client-therapist dyads (N = 10) were used, meeting criteria for BPD. All clients were women and between the ages of 18-45. The clients were seen by a total of 7 DBT trained therapists. Random sessions (N = 6) were selected from the first 16 sessions for each clienttherapist dyad. Some 60 sessions were chosen. 57 tapes were coded as 3 were too inaudible to code. Results indicated that the adherence rating of the respective therapist increased as the negative behaviors of the client increased (p < 0.05). Conversely, the greater the client's positive behavior on the ethological scale, the lower the DBT adherence rating of the therapist (p < 0.05). The problem solving category on both the adherence and therapist ethological scale covaried significantly (p < 0.02). Other therapist strategies (i.e., reciprocal, irreverence, primary targets 1-4, contingencies and validation) between the two scales were not significantly correlated. A test of the validity of the adherence scale to measure DBT fidelity draws its strongest support from two findings: 1) that when a client portrayed positive behaviors the therapist needed not to follow the primary targets so closely, resulting in a decrease in the adherence rating; and 2) the greater the negative behaviors of the client, the more stringently the therapist focused upon the primary targets and a wider array of strategies, which led to an overall increase in the adherence rating. The results of this study confirmed that a rating scale of therapist adherence is possible even with a flexible therapy such as DBT. Further, that minute-by-minute ethological ratings may serve to validate a more holistic adherence scale as tested here. Finally, recommendations are discussed for the further improvement and enhancement of the DBT adherence scale when used as a tool for rating DBT's treatment fidelity.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Prisman, Desiree
- Date: 2012-08-08
- Subjects: Borderline personality disorder treatment , Behavior therapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8944 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5417
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. , The aim of this study was to evaluate a feasible rating scale to measure the adherence of therapists carrying out Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) clients. Adherence referred to therapists carrying out DBT and how frequently and thoroughly they executed the specific targets and strategies of the therapy, which included taking the context into account. DBT is very specific in its treatment targets and in their hierarchical order of importance. The 97 item adherence scale was rated on a 7 point (0-6) scale. Some 86 items, that corresponded with the therapist ethological scale, were selected and then compared to the therapist and client ethological scales from an earlier study. These ethogram scales were process coding instruments which rated minute-by-minute, the frequency of specific categories of client and therapist verbal behaviors. The adherence scale was further compared to client self-report diary card measures. The diary card measures were also compared to the therapist and client ethological scales. Randomly selected client-therapist dyads (N = 10) were used, meeting criteria for BPD. All clients were women and between the ages of 18-45. The clients were seen by a total of 7 DBT trained therapists. Random sessions (N = 6) were selected from the first 16 sessions for each clienttherapist dyad. Some 60 sessions were chosen. 57 tapes were coded as 3 were too inaudible to code. Results indicated that the adherence rating of the respective therapist increased as the negative behaviors of the client increased (p < 0.05). Conversely, the greater the client's positive behavior on the ethological scale, the lower the DBT adherence rating of the therapist (p < 0.05). The problem solving category on both the adherence and therapist ethological scale covaried significantly (p < 0.02). Other therapist strategies (i.e., reciprocal, irreverence, primary targets 1-4, contingencies and validation) between the two scales were not significantly correlated. A test of the validity of the adherence scale to measure DBT fidelity draws its strongest support from two findings: 1) that when a client portrayed positive behaviors the therapist needed not to follow the primary targets so closely, resulting in a decrease in the adherence rating; and 2) the greater the negative behaviors of the client, the more stringently the therapist focused upon the primary targets and a wider array of strategies, which led to an overall increase in the adherence rating. The results of this study confirmed that a rating scale of therapist adherence is possible even with a flexible therapy such as DBT. Further, that minute-by-minute ethological ratings may serve to validate a more holistic adherence scale as tested here. Finally, recommendations are discussed for the further improvement and enhancement of the DBT adherence scale when used as a tool for rating DBT's treatment fidelity.
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Sports as an intervention in a special school when aiming to modify challenging behaviour
- Authors: Mhlarhi, Odessa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sports for people with disabilities - South Africa , Sports - Psychological aspects , Developmentally disabled children - South Africa , Behavior therapy , Exercise therapy
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271393 , uj:28863
- Description: M.A. (Social Impact Assessment) , Abstract: The history of sports and physical education in South African schools and LSEN (learners with special educational needs) schools has significantly been under the radar in South Africa for the past few years. The process involving sports development and participation in MID (mildly intellectual disabled) LSEN schools hasn’t received the necessary attention that it deserves, thus, undermining the effectivity of sport as an intervention for behavioural problems within a school. The special education environment is a domain often constrained by various behavioural problems as well as ecological system challenges which can have a significant impact on a learner, thus influencing their behaviour either positively or negatively. Learners with behavioural problems in special schools often have multiple disabilities that are co-morbid in nature. This in itself creates an array of problems for learners as well putting strain on the learner’s emotional, physical, and cognitive resources. The challenges experienced by learners with special needs often affects the surrounding systems: microsystem (family), mesosystem (school and peers), exosystem (community), macrosystem (broader ideologies, cultural norms and social structures) and chronosystem (the changes within each system that can alter development of a learner) in their lives. These systems form part of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory, which suggests that any disturbance within one layer of this system will have a ripple effect on the entire system, as they work collaboratively together in order to ensure that the learner functions optimally within these systems. The effects of having a mild intellectual disability within a special school often results in the manifestation of challenging behaviour. This behaviour could significantly impact the learner and permeate through the walls of society. For that reason the discussion of a mild intellectual disability and challenging behaviour has led to the premise that being a learner with MID, currently displaying challenging behaviour, requires that the learner receives support from a holistic perspective in an attempt to mitigate the behaviour being displayed. Therefore, for the purpose of this research the use of sport as an intervention in one particular special school was investigated, as well as the role of various stakeholders...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mhlarhi, Odessa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sports for people with disabilities - South Africa , Sports - Psychological aspects , Developmentally disabled children - South Africa , Behavior therapy , Exercise therapy
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271393 , uj:28863
- Description: M.A. (Social Impact Assessment) , Abstract: The history of sports and physical education in South African schools and LSEN (learners with special educational needs) schools has significantly been under the radar in South Africa for the past few years. The process involving sports development and participation in MID (mildly intellectual disabled) LSEN schools hasn’t received the necessary attention that it deserves, thus, undermining the effectivity of sport as an intervention for behavioural problems within a school. The special education environment is a domain often constrained by various behavioural problems as well as ecological system challenges which can have a significant impact on a learner, thus influencing their behaviour either positively or negatively. Learners with behavioural problems in special schools often have multiple disabilities that are co-morbid in nature. This in itself creates an array of problems for learners as well putting strain on the learner’s emotional, physical, and cognitive resources. The challenges experienced by learners with special needs often affects the surrounding systems: microsystem (family), mesosystem (school and peers), exosystem (community), macrosystem (broader ideologies, cultural norms and social structures) and chronosystem (the changes within each system that can alter development of a learner) in their lives. These systems form part of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory, which suggests that any disturbance within one layer of this system will have a ripple effect on the entire system, as they work collaboratively together in order to ensure that the learner functions optimally within these systems. The effects of having a mild intellectual disability within a special school often results in the manifestation of challenging behaviour. This behaviour could significantly impact the learner and permeate through the walls of society. For that reason the discussion of a mild intellectual disability and challenging behaviour has led to the premise that being a learner with MID, currently displaying challenging behaviour, requires that the learner receives support from a holistic perspective in an attempt to mitigate the behaviour being displayed. Therefore, for the purpose of this research the use of sport as an intervention in one particular special school was investigated, as well as the role of various stakeholders...
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Stress inoculation training for posttraumatic stress disorder in emergency workers
- Authors: Klein, Alwyn Brian
- Date: 2014-04-15
- Subjects: Emergency medical personnel , Post-traumatic stress disorder - Prevention , Stress (Psychology) - Prevention , Behavior therapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10216
- Description: M.A. (Psychology) , Human suffering and death are an intrinsic part of the work of emergency response personnel. Emergency workers are not immune to the stresses of emergency situations, and it is therefore understandable that those dealing with the critically ill or injured will experience feelings like anger, anxiety and sadness. Gibbs, Drummond and Lachenmeyer (1993) cite some characteristic responses ofemergency workers in their reaction to the daily experience oftrauma. These responses include increased anxiety, tension and feelings of distress, and cognitive deficiencies. Physical symptoms and the abuse of alcohol are also common. Despite the considerable body of knowledge regarding stress in emergency workers, most intervention strategies to alleviate the long-term consequences of mental trauma on these workers have been prophylactic in terms of future service. Little has been done to validate such efforts (Dunning, 1990). Within the South African context research in this field is also scant, yet the overwhelming evidence ofthe reactions cited in research (Hetherington, 1993a; Gibbs et al, 1993; Mitchell, 1985, 1982, 1984b; Sparrius, 1992 and Mitchell and Bray, 1990), both local and international, would indicate that such reactions exist in South Africa and should therefore be extensively investigated. It would therefore be necessary to implement an intervention programme for this group and systematically evaluate it. However, the nature of PTSD on its own, and how it relates to the emergency worker needs to be discussed...
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- Authors: Klein, Alwyn Brian
- Date: 2014-04-15
- Subjects: Emergency medical personnel , Post-traumatic stress disorder - Prevention , Stress (Psychology) - Prevention , Behavior therapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10216
- Description: M.A. (Psychology) , Human suffering and death are an intrinsic part of the work of emergency response personnel. Emergency workers are not immune to the stresses of emergency situations, and it is therefore understandable that those dealing with the critically ill or injured will experience feelings like anger, anxiety and sadness. Gibbs, Drummond and Lachenmeyer (1993) cite some characteristic responses ofemergency workers in their reaction to the daily experience oftrauma. These responses include increased anxiety, tension and feelings of distress, and cognitive deficiencies. Physical symptoms and the abuse of alcohol are also common. Despite the considerable body of knowledge regarding stress in emergency workers, most intervention strategies to alleviate the long-term consequences of mental trauma on these workers have been prophylactic in terms of future service. Little has been done to validate such efforts (Dunning, 1990). Within the South African context research in this field is also scant, yet the overwhelming evidence ofthe reactions cited in research (Hetherington, 1993a; Gibbs et al, 1993; Mitchell, 1985, 1982, 1984b; Sparrius, 1992 and Mitchell and Bray, 1990), both local and international, would indicate that such reactions exist in South Africa and should therefore be extensively investigated. It would therefore be necessary to implement an intervention programme for this group and systematically evaluate it. However, the nature of PTSD on its own, and how it relates to the emergency worker needs to be discussed...
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The effects of an anger-expressive cognitive-behavioural intervention programme on HIV-seropositive patients
- Authors: Lamb, Torsten Rainer
- Date: 2012-08-16
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) , AIDS (Disease) - Epidemiology , AIDS (Disease) - Psychological aspects , AIDS (Disease) - Patients - Mental health , AIDS (Disease) - Patients - Research - South Africa , Behavior therapy , Group psychotherapy , Cognitive therapy , Psychometrics
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/382928 , uj:9573 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5997
- Description: D.Phil. , This thesis presents an intervention programme that aims to facilitate anger-expression and takes psychosocial and immunological variables into account. The present research argues that if the effects of the programme are validated, similar programmes may yield similar benefits for other participants in future intervention programmes in a South African context. The nature, course and effects of the HIV disease are described and include specific processes and mechanisms of influence in physical, mental and social terms. Biological processes that result from immunological deficiencies causing AIDS are analyzed and an explication of disease progression is offered. Psychological and social aspects related to immune-system deterioration carry implications for patients and influence their prognosis. The research was conducted in the context of a biopsychosocial conceptualization and was aimed at reducing levels of anger and helping establish recourses in the patients to manage infection and disease, as well as improve or at least retard decrements in immunological functioning. The goal of this intervention programme was to reduce levels of anger, anxiety, depression and social isolation. This would in turn increase the participant's personal sense of self-control, self-efficacy and self-esteem. Changes in these factors would help retard the overall HIV disease progression. An intervention programme was tailored to address the specific needs of HIV- infected patients. The group intervention was focused in such a way that relevant psychological, behavioural and social aspects were addressed. The programme borrowed and used aspects of different models and reformulated an intervention that would best address the specific needs of the participants. It was possible to isolate specific problems and focus the intervention on these specific areas, such as depression, anger, social isolation and hopelessness. For example, it was possible to take into account the participants' low self-efficacy and problems related to a lack of interpersonal coping skills and develop the participants' confidence and assertiveness (Antoni, 1991)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lamb, Torsten Rainer
- Date: 2012-08-16
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) , AIDS (Disease) - Epidemiology , AIDS (Disease) - Psychological aspects , AIDS (Disease) - Patients - Mental health , AIDS (Disease) - Patients - Research - South Africa , Behavior therapy , Group psychotherapy , Cognitive therapy , Psychometrics
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/382928 , uj:9573 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5997
- Description: D.Phil. , This thesis presents an intervention programme that aims to facilitate anger-expression and takes psychosocial and immunological variables into account. The present research argues that if the effects of the programme are validated, similar programmes may yield similar benefits for other participants in future intervention programmes in a South African context. The nature, course and effects of the HIV disease are described and include specific processes and mechanisms of influence in physical, mental and social terms. Biological processes that result from immunological deficiencies causing AIDS are analyzed and an explication of disease progression is offered. Psychological and social aspects related to immune-system deterioration carry implications for patients and influence their prognosis. The research was conducted in the context of a biopsychosocial conceptualization and was aimed at reducing levels of anger and helping establish recourses in the patients to manage infection and disease, as well as improve or at least retard decrements in immunological functioning. The goal of this intervention programme was to reduce levels of anger, anxiety, depression and social isolation. This would in turn increase the participant's personal sense of self-control, self-efficacy and self-esteem. Changes in these factors would help retard the overall HIV disease progression. An intervention programme was tailored to address the specific needs of HIV- infected patients. The group intervention was focused in such a way that relevant psychological, behavioural and social aspects were addressed. The programme borrowed and used aspects of different models and reformulated an intervention that would best address the specific needs of the participants. It was possible to isolate specific problems and focus the intervention on these specific areas, such as depression, anger, social isolation and hopelessness. For example, it was possible to take into account the participants' low self-efficacy and problems related to a lack of interpersonal coping skills and develop the participants' confidence and assertiveness (Antoni, 1991)
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Behavioural intervention in atopic dermatitis
- Authors: Solomon, Michael William
- Date: 2014-03-10
- Subjects: Behavior therapy , Atopic dermatitis - Psychological aspects , Atopic dermatitis -Treatment - Research , Atopic dermatitis -Treatment - Case Studies
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4242 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9600
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , The purpose of this study was to determine whether a behavioural intervention could reduce scratching behaviour in atopic dermatitis. The literature dealing with the psychological aspects, and existing approaches to the treatment of atopic dermatitis and related dermatoses was reviewed. It was hypothesized that if subjects with atopic dermatitis were able to reduce their scratching behaviour they would show a corresponding reduction in size of identified lesions. In order to test these hypotheses, SUbjects with atopic dermatitis participated in a self-control programme lasting between eight and ten weeks. Of the seven subj ects that originally started the programme, four completed it. SUbjects' self-monitoring details reflected changes in scratching behaviour, and a specially designed grid was used to measure changes in lesion size. Inspection of the data showed that two SUbjects eliminated their scratching behaviour and lesions entirely; the other two showed marked reduction. The results of this study indicate that self-control procedures could be usefully applied as adjuncts to the conventional dermatological management of atopic dermatitis.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Solomon, Michael William
- Date: 2014-03-10
- Subjects: Behavior therapy , Atopic dermatitis - Psychological aspects , Atopic dermatitis -Treatment - Research , Atopic dermatitis -Treatment - Case Studies
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4242 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9600
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , The purpose of this study was to determine whether a behavioural intervention could reduce scratching behaviour in atopic dermatitis. The literature dealing with the psychological aspects, and existing approaches to the treatment of atopic dermatitis and related dermatoses was reviewed. It was hypothesized that if subjects with atopic dermatitis were able to reduce their scratching behaviour they would show a corresponding reduction in size of identified lesions. In order to test these hypotheses, SUbjects with atopic dermatitis participated in a self-control programme lasting between eight and ten weeks. Of the seven subj ects that originally started the programme, four completed it. SUbjects' self-monitoring details reflected changes in scratching behaviour, and a specially designed grid was used to measure changes in lesion size. Inspection of the data showed that two SUbjects eliminated their scratching behaviour and lesions entirely; the other two showed marked reduction. The results of this study indicate that self-control procedures could be usefully applied as adjuncts to the conventional dermatological management of atopic dermatitis.
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Die huidige stand en status van gedragsterapie
- Authors: Novello, Annemarie
- Date: 2014-09-10
- Subjects: Behavior therapy , Psychotherapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12235 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12001
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , A literature study was done to establish the current status and position of behavior therapy.The context within which this was evaluated was the history of behavior therapy, as well as the current status and position of other forms of therapy- and of psychotherapy in general...
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- Authors: Novello, Annemarie
- Date: 2014-09-10
- Subjects: Behavior therapy , Psychotherapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12235 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12001
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , A literature study was done to establish the current status and position of behavior therapy.The context within which this was evaluated was the history of behavior therapy, as well as the current status and position of other forms of therapy- and of psychotherapy in general...
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Coronary heart disease prevention in healthy coronary-prone individuals
- Authors: Webster, Sharon
- Date: 2012-08-23
- Subjects: Coronary heart disease -- Patients -- Psychology , Type A behavior , Coronary heart disease -- Prevention , Cardiovascular system -- Diseases , Heart -- Diseases , Behavior therapy , Cognitive therapy , Angina pectoris , Myocardial infarction , Heart failure , Lifestyles , Stress (Psychology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3128 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6548
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. , This research investigated the effectiveness of the treatment programme used by the South African Recurrent Coronary Prevention Project (SARCPP) in reducing the risk of not only recurrent heart disease, but also of original occurrence of heart disease. Heart disease can often be attributed to lifestyle factors such as obesity, high fat content diets and smoking (Friedman & Ulmer, 1995 and Richards & Baker, 1988). Another lifestyle risk factor of heart disease is Type A behaviour, as first discovered by Rosenman and Friedman (1959). Type A behaviour is made up of various components, such as hostility, time urgency and insecurity. The SARCPP has effectively reduced Type A behaviour in past studies (Venter, 1993; Viljoen, 1993; MacLennan, 1994 and Webster, 1994) and it has been found that reducing Type A behaviour through this programme increases high density lipoproteins and decreases total triglycerides, thus decreasing physiological risk factors of heart disease (Wolff, Thoresen, Viljoen, & Venter, 1994). The SARCPP thus far had only been used with Type A persons who had already suffered a form of heart disease, such as myocardial infarction and angina pectoris (here called "unhealthy" Type As). Other interventions have been used to decrease Type A behaviour in subjects who had not yet suffered heart disease (or "healthy" Type As). A leading researcher in this field is Ethel Roskies (1979-1990). Due to ineffective measurement and ineffective treatment programmes, her attempts were not successful, though. This research study applied the treatment used in the SARCPP to both "healthy" and "unhealthy" Type As and it was found that it was as successful in reducing Type A behaviour in both the "healthy" subjects as in the "unhealthy" subjects. Not only was global Type A behaviour as measured by the Videotaped Structured Interview decreased in the treatment groups, but so were the components of Hostility, Time Urgency and Insecurity (although Insecurity was not decreased in the "unhealthy" subjects). The tendency by the subjects to repress angry feelings was reduced in both "unhealthy" and "healthy" subjects, as was cynical hostility in the "healthy" subjects. It was found that the "unhealthy" subjects had significantly more State and Trait anxiety before the treatment took place than the "healthy" subjects and that the treatment reduced that anxiety in the "unhealthy" subjects significantly. Depression was decreased in both "healthy" and "unhealthy" subjects. Thus, the treatment programme of the SARCPP was effective in reducing coronary-prone behavioural factors and can be used as both prevention in recurrence and prevention in original occurrence of heart disease.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Webster, Sharon
- Date: 2012-08-23
- Subjects: Coronary heart disease -- Patients -- Psychology , Type A behavior , Coronary heart disease -- Prevention , Cardiovascular system -- Diseases , Heart -- Diseases , Behavior therapy , Cognitive therapy , Angina pectoris , Myocardial infarction , Heart failure , Lifestyles , Stress (Psychology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3128 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6548
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. , This research investigated the effectiveness of the treatment programme used by the South African Recurrent Coronary Prevention Project (SARCPP) in reducing the risk of not only recurrent heart disease, but also of original occurrence of heart disease. Heart disease can often be attributed to lifestyle factors such as obesity, high fat content diets and smoking (Friedman & Ulmer, 1995 and Richards & Baker, 1988). Another lifestyle risk factor of heart disease is Type A behaviour, as first discovered by Rosenman and Friedman (1959). Type A behaviour is made up of various components, such as hostility, time urgency and insecurity. The SARCPP has effectively reduced Type A behaviour in past studies (Venter, 1993; Viljoen, 1993; MacLennan, 1994 and Webster, 1994) and it has been found that reducing Type A behaviour through this programme increases high density lipoproteins and decreases total triglycerides, thus decreasing physiological risk factors of heart disease (Wolff, Thoresen, Viljoen, & Venter, 1994). The SARCPP thus far had only been used with Type A persons who had already suffered a form of heart disease, such as myocardial infarction and angina pectoris (here called "unhealthy" Type As). Other interventions have been used to decrease Type A behaviour in subjects who had not yet suffered heart disease (or "healthy" Type As). A leading researcher in this field is Ethel Roskies (1979-1990). Due to ineffective measurement and ineffective treatment programmes, her attempts were not successful, though. This research study applied the treatment used in the SARCPP to both "healthy" and "unhealthy" Type As and it was found that it was as successful in reducing Type A behaviour in both the "healthy" subjects as in the "unhealthy" subjects. Not only was global Type A behaviour as measured by the Videotaped Structured Interview decreased in the treatment groups, but so were the components of Hostility, Time Urgency and Insecurity (although Insecurity was not decreased in the "unhealthy" subjects). The tendency by the subjects to repress angry feelings was reduced in both "unhealthy" and "healthy" subjects, as was cynical hostility in the "healthy" subjects. It was found that the "unhealthy" subjects had significantly more State and Trait anxiety before the treatment took place than the "healthy" subjects and that the treatment reduced that anxiety in the "unhealthy" subjects significantly. Depression was decreased in both "healthy" and "unhealthy" subjects. Thus, the treatment programme of the SARCPP was effective in reducing coronary-prone behavioural factors and can be used as both prevention in recurrence and prevention in original occurrence of heart disease.
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Narratives of professional golfers regarding sport psychology : a social constructionist perspective
- Authors: Ohayon, Johnny
- Date: 2012-09-11
- Subjects: Sports -- Psychological aspects -- Research , Golf -- Psychological aspects , Cognitive therapy , Behavior therapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10038 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7427
- Description: M.A. , The approach of psychology to sport has over the century been ambivalent. The relationship between the field of psychology and matters on the sports field has tended to favour one type of understanding, namely cognitive-behavioural psychology. The theoretical underpinnings of this conception are seen to be directly connected to a set of philosophical, ethical and aesthetic ideas known as Modernism, which have dominated this century. It is suggested herein that with the renewed interest of psychology in matters sporting, some of the current theoretical perspectives in the general field of psychology might be applied to sports. The approach adopted here explores how the narratives of professional golfers, looked at through a social constructionist lens, could assist them in re-evaluating and enriching their experiences. Social constructionism aims to change the traditional agenda of psychological research, which might lead to new ways of talking about ourselves and our surroundings. Social constructionism is situated inside a different set of theoretical premises, which are known as Postmodern, which challenge the Modern way of knowing.
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Narratives of professional golfers regarding sport psychology : a social constructionist perspective
- Authors: Ohayon, Johnny
- Date: 2012-09-11
- Subjects: Sports -- Psychological aspects -- Research , Golf -- Psychological aspects , Cognitive therapy , Behavior therapy
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10038 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7427
- Description: M.A. , The approach of psychology to sport has over the century been ambivalent. The relationship between the field of psychology and matters on the sports field has tended to favour one type of understanding, namely cognitive-behavioural psychology. The theoretical underpinnings of this conception are seen to be directly connected to a set of philosophical, ethical and aesthetic ideas known as Modernism, which have dominated this century. It is suggested herein that with the renewed interest of psychology in matters sporting, some of the current theoretical perspectives in the general field of psychology might be applied to sports. The approach adopted here explores how the narratives of professional golfers, looked at through a social constructionist lens, could assist them in re-evaluating and enriching their experiences. Social constructionism aims to change the traditional agenda of psychological research, which might lead to new ways of talking about ourselves and our surroundings. Social constructionism is situated inside a different set of theoretical premises, which are known as Postmodern, which challenge the Modern way of knowing.
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