The effect of costovertebral adjustment versus ischaemic compression of rhomboid muscles for interscapular pain
- Authors: Irwin, Jared Ashley
- Date: 2015-07-14
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Scapula , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13700 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13965
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of treating inter-scapular pain with either chiropractic adjustments delivered to the costovertebral joints, with ischaemic compression of the myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid muscles, or using a combination treatment protocol in order to determine which of the three treatment protocols was superior. DESIGN: This study was a comparative study consisting of three groups of ten participants each. Participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five and there was an equal male to female ratio. Prior to becoming a participant in this study individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A McGill Pain Questionnaire, numerical pain rating scale, a clinical case history, full physical examination, a cervical regional examination were completed. The method of treatment for each participant was determined by random group allocation. Group 1 received chiropractic adjustments to the costovertebral joints, Group 2 received ischaemic compression to the myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid muscles. Group 3 received a combination treatment involving both chiropractic adjustments to the costovertebral joints together with ischaemic compression of the rhomboid trigger points. Subjective and objective readings were based on the above treatment protocols. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the McGill Pain Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the ischaemic compression group showed the greatest improvement over time (84.06%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (78.70%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. With regards to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the ischaemic compression group showed the greatest improvement over time (35.44%). Once again, there were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it showed that all three treatment groups were effective in decreasing inter-scapular pain and disability. Although all three treatment protocols have shown to be effective, and have shown similar improvement, intergroup analysis indicates that statistically there is no treatment protocol that is seen to be more superior or more effective in treating inter-scapular pain.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Irwin, Jared Ashley
- Date: 2015-07-14
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Scapula , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13700 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13965
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of treating inter-scapular pain with either chiropractic adjustments delivered to the costovertebral joints, with ischaemic compression of the myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid muscles, or using a combination treatment protocol in order to determine which of the three treatment protocols was superior. DESIGN: This study was a comparative study consisting of three groups of ten participants each. Participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five and there was an equal male to female ratio. Prior to becoming a participant in this study individuals were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A McGill Pain Questionnaire, numerical pain rating scale, a clinical case history, full physical examination, a cervical regional examination were completed. The method of treatment for each participant was determined by random group allocation. Group 1 received chiropractic adjustments to the costovertebral joints, Group 2 received ischaemic compression to the myofascial trigger points of the rhomboid muscles. Group 3 received a combination treatment involving both chiropractic adjustments to the costovertebral joints together with ischaemic compression of the rhomboid trigger points. Subjective and objective readings were based on the above treatment protocols. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the McGill Pain Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the ischaemic compression group showed the greatest improvement over time (84.06%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (78.70%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. With regards to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the ischaemic compression group showed the greatest improvement over time (35.44%). Once again, there were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it showed that all three treatment groups were effective in decreasing inter-scapular pain and disability. Although all three treatment protocols have shown to be effective, and have shown similar improvement, intergroup analysis indicates that statistically there is no treatment protocol that is seen to be more superior or more effective in treating inter-scapular pain.
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The effects of chiropractic adjustments compared to stretching in freestyle dancers with lower back pain
- Authors: Fernandes, Carina
- Date: 2011-06-22T10:50:54Z
- Subjects: Dancing injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Stretching exercises , Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7125 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3718
- Description: M.Tech. , Dancing, over the years has become a highly competitive sport with demanding levels of fitness and flexibility needed in order to progress to a professional level (DeMann, 1997). With lower back pain becoming a common occurrence in dancers, both physical as well as emotional stress is placed on the dancer and their lower back (DeMann, 1997). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Chiropractic adjustments on the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, stretching certain muscle groups or the combination of the two treatment protocols on Freestyle dancers with chronic lower back pain with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine and pelvis range of motion. Thirty female participants between the ages of thirteen and twenty five years were recruited to participate in this study. Successful participants were then randomly placed into one of three groups, of ten participants each, which would receive different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group 1 underwent Chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, Group 2 received stretching exercises to the Quadratus lumborum muscle; gluteal muscles consisting of Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus; Piriformis; Psoas; Hamstring and Multifidus muscles only and Group 3 received a combination of the treatment protocols. Participants in all three groups were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for subjective readings; the Digital Inclinometer was used for objective readings of ROM. All treatments were performed at the Riviere Academy of Dance under the supervision of a qualified Chiropractor. The results concluded that the benefits of an adjustment alone, stretching alone as well as the two treatments combined showed a reduction of pain and increase of ROM, when managing a dancer with lower back pain. Not one treatment was shown to be more beneficial than the other.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fernandes, Carina
- Date: 2011-06-22T10:50:54Z
- Subjects: Dancing injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Stretching exercises , Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7125 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3718
- Description: M.Tech. , Dancing, over the years has become a highly competitive sport with demanding levels of fitness and flexibility needed in order to progress to a professional level (DeMann, 1997). With lower back pain becoming a common occurrence in dancers, both physical as well as emotional stress is placed on the dancer and their lower back (DeMann, 1997). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Chiropractic adjustments on the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, stretching certain muscle groups or the combination of the two treatment protocols on Freestyle dancers with chronic lower back pain with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine and pelvis range of motion. Thirty female participants between the ages of thirteen and twenty five years were recruited to participate in this study. Successful participants were then randomly placed into one of three groups, of ten participants each, which would receive different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group 1 underwent Chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, Group 2 received stretching exercises to the Quadratus lumborum muscle; gluteal muscles consisting of Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus; Piriformis; Psoas; Hamstring and Multifidus muscles only and Group 3 received a combination of the treatment protocols. Participants in all three groups were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for subjective readings; the Digital Inclinometer was used for objective readings of ROM. All treatments were performed at the Riviere Academy of Dance under the supervision of a qualified Chiropractor. The results concluded that the benefits of an adjustment alone, stretching alone as well as the two treatments combined showed a reduction of pain and increase of ROM, when managing a dancer with lower back pain. Not one treatment was shown to be more beneficial than the other.
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The effect of chiropractic adjustment of innervation versus attachment site in the treatment of chronic, active myofascial trigger points of infraspinatus
- Authors: Hutchinson, Melissa Jean
- Date: 2015-07-15
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13758 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14023
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: Shoulder pain has been identified to be one of the most common musculoskeletal problems found in a variety of different countries, showing characteristics of chronicity and recurrence. It is considered to be a main contributor towards nontraumatic upper limb pain. One of the identifiable causes of chronic or reoccuring shoulder pain may be attributed to myofascial pain syndrome which is caused by MTrP’s and produces symptoms that are similar to that of other shoulder pain syndromes. The infraspinatus muscle as an integral component of the rotator cuff complex is subject to high tension biomechanical strain as well as neuromuscular tension. While therapeutic interventions have been devised to treat varying degrees of biomechanical and neuomuscular tension, little evidence exists establishing which of these treatment regimes is most effective in treating myofascial trigger points. The purpose of this study was to compare different regional chiropractic adjustments relative to the attachment site and the innervation segment of the infraspinatus muscle and to identify the most effective treatment protocol with regard to chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. DESIGN: A selection of thirty participants were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups of fifteen participants each. Group A received a chiropractic adjustment to the glenohumeral joint, the attachment site for infraspinatus muscle. Group B received a chiropractic adjustment to the cervical spine segments associated with the innervation to the infraspinatus muscle. Cervical spine restrictions specific to levels C4/C5 and/or C5/C6, and glenohumeral joint restrictions were determined using motion palpation techniques. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three-four week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer and counting the number of active infrapsinatus myofascial trigger points. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (15.5%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (68.8%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. vii With regard to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (21.7%). There were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. The intragroup and intergroup analysis of the number of active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction showed no statistically significant differences between the groups or within each of the groups over time. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both treatment groups protocols were effective in reducing chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. Small differences were noted between the two treatment groups with regards to the subjective and objective findings. The glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest clinical and statistical improvements over the three-four week trial period.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hutchinson, Melissa Jean
- Date: 2015-07-15
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13758 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14023
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , PURPOSE: Shoulder pain has been identified to be one of the most common musculoskeletal problems found in a variety of different countries, showing characteristics of chronicity and recurrence. It is considered to be a main contributor towards nontraumatic upper limb pain. One of the identifiable causes of chronic or reoccuring shoulder pain may be attributed to myofascial pain syndrome which is caused by MTrP’s and produces symptoms that are similar to that of other shoulder pain syndromes. The infraspinatus muscle as an integral component of the rotator cuff complex is subject to high tension biomechanical strain as well as neuromuscular tension. While therapeutic interventions have been devised to treat varying degrees of biomechanical and neuomuscular tension, little evidence exists establishing which of these treatment regimes is most effective in treating myofascial trigger points. The purpose of this study was to compare different regional chiropractic adjustments relative to the attachment site and the innervation segment of the infraspinatus muscle and to identify the most effective treatment protocol with regard to chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. DESIGN: A selection of thirty participants were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups of fifteen participants each. Group A received a chiropractic adjustment to the glenohumeral joint, the attachment site for infraspinatus muscle. Group B received a chiropractic adjustment to the cervical spine segments associated with the innervation to the infraspinatus muscle. Cervical spine restrictions specific to levels C4/C5 and/or C5/C6, and glenohumeral joint restrictions were determined using motion palpation techniques. All participants received a total of six treatments over a three-four week period. MEASUREMENTS: Subjective measurements were obtained by the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective measurements were obtained using the hand-held pressure algometer and counting the number of active infrapsinatus myofascial trigger points. The data was collected on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. OUTCOME: With regards to the subjective readings, the results from the Functional Rating Index Questionnaire for the intragroup analysis indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (15.5%). No statistically significant differences were noted for the intergroup analysis. The intragroup analysis of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (68.8%). The intergroup analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences. vii With regard to the objective measurements, the intragroup analysis of the pressure algometer readings indicated that the glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest improvement over time (21.7%). There were no statistically significant differences with the intergroup analysis. The intragroup and intergroup analysis of the number of active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction showed no statistically significant differences between the groups or within each of the groups over time. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both treatment groups protocols were effective in reducing chronic, active infraspinatus myofascial trigger point dysfunction. Small differences were noted between the two treatment groups with regards to the subjective and objective findings. The glenohumeral joint adjustment group showed the greatest clinical and statistical improvements over the three-four week trial period.
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The effect of chiropractic occipital adjustments versus sacroiliac joint adjustments on chronic lumbar sacral pain
- Authors: Geldenhuys, Roxanne
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Lumbar vertebrae , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Sacroilic joint , Cranial manipulation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/388901 , uj:2379 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4834
- Description: M.Tech. , According to the “Lovett Reactor” as explained by Walther (2000), the Atlas and the 5th lumbar vertebrae rotate in the same direction when a person walks. This relationship continues throughout the spinal column as 3rd cervical vertebrae (C3) rotates in the same direction as 3rd lumbar vertebrae (L3). From this point the movement changes to counter-rotation as 4th cervical vertebrae (C4) counter-rotates to 2nd lumbar vertebrae (L2) and 5th cervical vertebrae (C5) to 1st lumbar vertebrae (L1). According to Inman, Ralston and Todd (1981) this correlation extends as the Sacrum reacts with the Occiput. Thus, there is clinical verification demonstrating that the Lovett Reactor vertebrae are often interrelated to primary and compensatory subluxations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chiropractic Occipital adjustments versus Chiropractic Sacroiliac adjustments in the treatment of chronic Lumbar Sacral pain.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Geldenhuys, Roxanne
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Lumbar vertebrae , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Sacroilic joint , Cranial manipulation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/388901 , uj:2379 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4834
- Description: M.Tech. , According to the “Lovett Reactor” as explained by Walther (2000), the Atlas and the 5th lumbar vertebrae rotate in the same direction when a person walks. This relationship continues throughout the spinal column as 3rd cervical vertebrae (C3) rotates in the same direction as 3rd lumbar vertebrae (L3). From this point the movement changes to counter-rotation as 4th cervical vertebrae (C4) counter-rotates to 2nd lumbar vertebrae (L2) and 5th cervical vertebrae (C5) to 1st lumbar vertebrae (L1). According to Inman, Ralston and Todd (1981) this correlation extends as the Sacrum reacts with the Occiput. Thus, there is clinical verification demonstrating that the Lovett Reactor vertebrae are often interrelated to primary and compensatory subluxations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chiropractic Occipital adjustments versus Chiropractic Sacroiliac adjustments in the treatment of chronic Lumbar Sacral pain.
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The comparative efficacy of attachment- versus innervation- segment chiropractic adjustments in the treatment of chronic, active rhomboid myofascial trigger point dysfunction
- Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Authors: Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4760
- Description: M. Tech. , Background: No substantiated theory exists by which chiropractic adjustments are known to correct myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Myofascial trigger points are theorized to be either a primary muscle dysfunction or a secondary manifestation to central/ peripheral neurological mechanisms. Chiropractic adjustments are theorized to exert their therapeutic influence either primarily through biomechanical effects and/ or via neurophysiological mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chiropractic adjustments on chronic, active rhomboid MTrPs, by comparing the clinical effects attained with rhomboid attachment-segment (C7-T5) relative to rhomboid innervation-segment (C4 and/ or C5) chiropractic adjustments. Setting: University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Participants: Thirty female subjects selected from the general population (from 18 to 40 years) were randomly divided into two different treatment groups of 15 each. Methods: The subjective information required the completion of the Subjective Pain and Discomfort Questionnaire, including the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The objective measures collected were pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and range of motion measurements using the algometer and digital inclinometer, respectively. Additionally, the change in the number of active MTrPs over the treatment period was recorded. All measurements were recorded at the first, third and fifth consultations, over a 3 to 4 week period. The data gathered were then statistically analyzed with the use of a 95% confidence interval. The nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for the intragroup comparisons, and the Mann Whitney- U test was used for the intergroup comparisons. Interventions: Treatment group 1 received upper-thoracic/ attachment- segment chiropractic adjustments, and treatment group 2 received mid-cervical/ innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments. The research project was carried out so that both groups received 5 treatment sessions over 3 to 4 weeks. Results: There were no statistically significant results obtained for intergroup comparisons. Attachment-segment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values (p=0.000), PPT values (p=0.000), cervical spine right lateral flexion range (p=0.004), thoracic spine extension (p=0.005) and left rotation range (p=0.003) over time. Innervationsegment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values v ii (p=0.001), cervical spine right rotation (p=0.003), thoracic spine flexion (p=0.001) right lateral flexion (p=0.001) and left rotation (p=0.005) over time. Conclusions: This study does not suggest that attachment-segment or innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments possess greater clinical efficacy relative to one another in terms of improving the clinical picture associated with chronic, active rhomboid MTrP activity. In a further study, a larger sample size will be necessary to identify subtle changes in measurement parameters.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Williams, Dillon Christopher
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:2301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4760
- Description: M. Tech. , Background: No substantiated theory exists by which chiropractic adjustments are known to correct myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Myofascial trigger points are theorized to be either a primary muscle dysfunction or a secondary manifestation to central/ peripheral neurological mechanisms. Chiropractic adjustments are theorized to exert their therapeutic influence either primarily through biomechanical effects and/ or via neurophysiological mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chiropractic adjustments on chronic, active rhomboid MTrPs, by comparing the clinical effects attained with rhomboid attachment-segment (C7-T5) relative to rhomboid innervation-segment (C4 and/ or C5) chiropractic adjustments. Setting: University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Participants: Thirty female subjects selected from the general population (from 18 to 40 years) were randomly divided into two different treatment groups of 15 each. Methods: The subjective information required the completion of the Subjective Pain and Discomfort Questionnaire, including the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The objective measures collected were pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and range of motion measurements using the algometer and digital inclinometer, respectively. Additionally, the change in the number of active MTrPs over the treatment period was recorded. All measurements were recorded at the first, third and fifth consultations, over a 3 to 4 week period. The data gathered were then statistically analyzed with the use of a 95% confidence interval. The nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for the intragroup comparisons, and the Mann Whitney- U test was used for the intergroup comparisons. Interventions: Treatment group 1 received upper-thoracic/ attachment- segment chiropractic adjustments, and treatment group 2 received mid-cervical/ innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments. The research project was carried out so that both groups received 5 treatment sessions over 3 to 4 weeks. Results: There were no statistically significant results obtained for intergroup comparisons. Attachment-segment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values (p=0.000), PPT values (p=0.000), cervical spine right lateral flexion range (p=0.004), thoracic spine extension (p=0.005) and left rotation range (p=0.003) over time. Innervationsegment chiropractic adjustments revealed statistically significant changes in NPRS values v ii (p=0.001), cervical spine right rotation (p=0.003), thoracic spine flexion (p=0.001) right lateral flexion (p=0.001) and left rotation (p=0.005) over time. Conclusions: This study does not suggest that attachment-segment or innervation-segment chiropractic adjustments possess greater clinical efficacy relative to one another in terms of improving the clinical picture associated with chronic, active rhomboid MTrP activity. In a further study, a larger sample size will be necessary to identify subtle changes in measurement parameters.
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The effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy and instrument assisted fascial release in the treatment of chronic mechanical lower back pain
- Authors: Plakotaris, Athena
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58579 , uj:16465
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Plakotaris, Athena
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58579 , uj:16465
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effect of dry needling versus extracorporeal shockwave therapy on myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle
- Authors: Vandeyar, Shirda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Acupuncture
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/388532 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292985 , uj:31848
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dry needling versus extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. The results of each treatment protocol were compared in terms of pain, pain-pressure threshold and range of motion of the cervical spine. The findings of this study would establish which treatment protocol was more effective in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. Method: Thirty participants between the ages of 18 and 40 years took part in this study. All participants presented with active trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups with each group consisting of 15 participants. Group 1 received the dry needling technique, while Group 2 received extracorporeal shockwave therapy. Procedure: The trial period consisted of seven consultations which were conducted over a period of three weeks. Each participant received a total of six treatments. The purpose of the seventh visit was to obtain final measurements only. Subjective and objective measurements were collected on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Subjective measurements regarding pain were obtained via the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective measurements were obtained via the use of the Pressure Algometer to assess physical pressure-pain threshold; and The Cervical Range of Motion Goniometer was used to assess cervical spine range of motion. Results: The results of this study was analysed and interpreted by STATKON at the University of Johannesburg. The Shapiro-Wilk test for normality showed that the data was not normally distributed and therefore non-parametric analyses were utilized for the intragroup and intergroup analyses in this study. The non-parametric Friedman test and post-hoc Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were utilised for the intragroup analyses. The Mann-Whitney U test was utilised for the intergroup analyses. The intragroup analyses on all subjective and objective measurements showed statistically significant differences for both groups. The intergroup analyses on the subjective Numerical Pain Rating Scale and all objective measurements revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups at...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Vandeyar, Shirda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Acupuncture
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/388532 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292985 , uj:31848
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dry needling versus extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. The results of each treatment protocol were compared in terms of pain, pain-pressure threshold and range of motion of the cervical spine. The findings of this study would establish which treatment protocol was more effective in the treatment of active myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. Method: Thirty participants between the ages of 18 and 40 years took part in this study. All participants presented with active trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups with each group consisting of 15 participants. Group 1 received the dry needling technique, while Group 2 received extracorporeal shockwave therapy. Procedure: The trial period consisted of seven consultations which were conducted over a period of three weeks. Each participant received a total of six treatments. The purpose of the seventh visit was to obtain final measurements only. Subjective and objective measurements were collected on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Subjective measurements regarding pain were obtained via the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Objective measurements were obtained via the use of the Pressure Algometer to assess physical pressure-pain threshold; and The Cervical Range of Motion Goniometer was used to assess cervical spine range of motion. Results: The results of this study was analysed and interpreted by STATKON at the University of Johannesburg. The Shapiro-Wilk test for normality showed that the data was not normally distributed and therefore non-parametric analyses were utilized for the intragroup and intergroup analyses in this study. The non-parametric Friedman test and post-hoc Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were utilised for the intragroup analyses. The Mann-Whitney U test was utilised for the intergroup analyses. The intragroup analyses on all subjective and objective measurements showed statistically significant differences for both groups. The intergroup analyses on the subjective Numerical Pain Rating Scale and all objective measurements revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups at...
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The effectiveness of chiropractic adjustive therapy in conjunction with a rehabilitation exercise program in the management of lower back pain in athletes presenting with lower-crossed syndrome
- Authors: Stewart, Duane Edward
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Lower-Crossed Syndrome , Chiropractic adjustive therapy , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Exercise therapy , Running injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Running injuries - Exercise therapy , Sports injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Sports injuries - Exercise therapy , Athletes - Rehabilitation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8822 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5236
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: To determine the most effective treatment protocol in the treatment of Lower-Crossed Syndrome by comparing objective results gained from a Rehabilitation program (group one), Spinal Manipulative Therapy (group two) and a combination of these therapies (group three) directed at the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine. DESIGN: The study was a clinical trial in which three experimental groups of sixteen participants each were compared to each other. These participants were recruited from the local general population and were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, presenting with Lower-Crossed Syndrome and demonstrating unremarkable clinical and radiological findings. INTERVENTION AND DURATION: After randomisation, group one received a Rehabilitation program which consisted of a stretching and strengthening program only, group two received Spinal Manipulative Therapy only whereas group three received a combination of Spinal Manipulative Therapy and a Rehabilitation program. The frequency of the follow up consultations for this study was two consultations over the first two weeks of the trial and once a week for the following four weeks of the trial. MEASUREMENTS: Objective measurements included lumbar spine flexion and extension ranges of motion, hip flexor flexibility (hip extension), active and passive hamstring flexibility, gluteus maximus and abdominal strength tests and Sorenson’s Test (static back extensor strength test). Subjective measurements were the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index and McGill’s Questionnaire. Measurements were taken before (pre-) and after (post-) the first (initial), third, fifth and eighth (last) consultations. CONCLUSIONS: The aim of the study was to determine the most effective treatment protocol in the management of Lower Back Pain in athletes presenting with Lower-Crossed Syndrome. Although the combined group (group three) showed the greatest improvement these findings were statistically no greater than the statistical findings in group one and group two. All groups showed a statistically significant improvement over the trial period. This illustrates that both Spinal Manipulative Therapy and a Rehabilitation program (including stretching and strengthening) was effective in the management of Lower-Crossed Syndrome. From this study it can therefore be concluded that one treatment protocol did not prove to be more effective than that of the others.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Stewart, Duane Edward
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Lower-Crossed Syndrome , Chiropractic adjustive therapy , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Exercise therapy , Running injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Running injuries - Exercise therapy , Sports injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Sports injuries - Exercise therapy , Athletes - Rehabilitation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8822 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5236
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: To determine the most effective treatment protocol in the treatment of Lower-Crossed Syndrome by comparing objective results gained from a Rehabilitation program (group one), Spinal Manipulative Therapy (group two) and a combination of these therapies (group three) directed at the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine. DESIGN: The study was a clinical trial in which three experimental groups of sixteen participants each were compared to each other. These participants were recruited from the local general population and were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, presenting with Lower-Crossed Syndrome and demonstrating unremarkable clinical and radiological findings. INTERVENTION AND DURATION: After randomisation, group one received a Rehabilitation program which consisted of a stretching and strengthening program only, group two received Spinal Manipulative Therapy only whereas group three received a combination of Spinal Manipulative Therapy and a Rehabilitation program. The frequency of the follow up consultations for this study was two consultations over the first two weeks of the trial and once a week for the following four weeks of the trial. MEASUREMENTS: Objective measurements included lumbar spine flexion and extension ranges of motion, hip flexor flexibility (hip extension), active and passive hamstring flexibility, gluteus maximus and abdominal strength tests and Sorenson’s Test (static back extensor strength test). Subjective measurements were the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index and McGill’s Questionnaire. Measurements were taken before (pre-) and after (post-) the first (initial), third, fifth and eighth (last) consultations. CONCLUSIONS: The aim of the study was to determine the most effective treatment protocol in the management of Lower Back Pain in athletes presenting with Lower-Crossed Syndrome. Although the combined group (group three) showed the greatest improvement these findings were statistically no greater than the statistical findings in group one and group two. All groups showed a statistically significant improvement over the trial period. This illustrates that both Spinal Manipulative Therapy and a Rehabilitation program (including stretching and strengthening) was effective in the management of Lower-Crossed Syndrome. From this study it can therefore be concluded that one treatment protocol did not prove to be more effective than that of the others.
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The effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy and therapeutic elastic taping in the treatment of rhomboid trigger points
- Authors: Ngobeni, Phetheka Ina
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Acutaping , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226629 , uj:22921
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim was to determine whether a combination of chiropractic manipulation and therapeutic elastic taping in the management of rhomboid trigger points would yield an improved outcome, as opposed to the application of either therapy exclusively. Methodology:The study comprised of three groups of ten participants who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were placed randomly into the three groups. The 30 participants included 11 males and 19 females, who were between the ages of 18 - 40, who had active rhomboid trigger points. The first group of participants received chiropractic manipulation only, the second group received therapeutic elastic taping only and the third group received a combination of therapeutic elastic taping and chiropractic manipulation. Participants were seen for seven consultations, that is twice a week for three weeks and the seventh consult was for data collection only. Subjective data was collected in the form of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) which measured the pain intensity. Objective data was collected using a Pressure Algometer, on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Procedure: The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality.Non-parametric methods were used to analyse the subjective and objective data, intra-group analysis Friedman and the Wilcoxon-signed rank tests were used to detect significant changes within each group and where these changes occurred. Inter-group analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-wallis test, which allowed comparison between the three groups. Results:With regards to the NPRS, in the Friedman test, all three groups had a p -value of 0.000 which indicates that each of the three groups had statistically significant changes in the NPRS scores over time. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was able to detect differences between the first and fourth consultation and between the fourth and seventh consultations as well as between the seventh and first consultation. This test showed a significant difference of p≤0.05 between the first and fourth consultations as well as between the first and the seventh consultations. The inter-group analyses revealed p>0.05 which indicated that the was no significant difference between the three groups For the pressure algometer data collected, all three groups had p=0.00 with regards to Friedman’s test meaning that individually all three groups had statistically significant improvements over time. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed that there were significant differences between the first and fourth consultations as well as between the first and seventh consultations as the p value was p≤0.05. Comparison between the groups showed that all three group had similar results over time as the p value was p>0.05...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ngobeni, Phetheka Ina
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Acutaping , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226629 , uj:22921
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim was to determine whether a combination of chiropractic manipulation and therapeutic elastic taping in the management of rhomboid trigger points would yield an improved outcome, as opposed to the application of either therapy exclusively. Methodology:The study comprised of three groups of ten participants who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were placed randomly into the three groups. The 30 participants included 11 males and 19 females, who were between the ages of 18 - 40, who had active rhomboid trigger points. The first group of participants received chiropractic manipulation only, the second group received therapeutic elastic taping only and the third group received a combination of therapeutic elastic taping and chiropractic manipulation. Participants were seen for seven consultations, that is twice a week for three weeks and the seventh consult was for data collection only. Subjective data was collected in the form of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) which measured the pain intensity. Objective data was collected using a Pressure Algometer, on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Procedure: The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality.Non-parametric methods were used to analyse the subjective and objective data, intra-group analysis Friedman and the Wilcoxon-signed rank tests were used to detect significant changes within each group and where these changes occurred. Inter-group analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-wallis test, which allowed comparison between the three groups. Results:With regards to the NPRS, in the Friedman test, all three groups had a p -value of 0.000 which indicates that each of the three groups had statistically significant changes in the NPRS scores over time. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was able to detect differences between the first and fourth consultation and between the fourth and seventh consultations as well as between the seventh and first consultation. This test showed a significant difference of p≤0.05 between the first and fourth consultations as well as between the first and the seventh consultations. The inter-group analyses revealed p>0.05 which indicated that the was no significant difference between the three groups For the pressure algometer data collected, all three groups had p=0.00 with regards to Friedman’s test meaning that individually all three groups had statistically significant improvements over time. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed that there were significant differences between the first and fourth consultations as well as between the first and seventh consultations as the p value was p≤0.05. Comparison between the groups showed that all three group had similar results over time as the p value was p>0.05...
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The effect of spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with subcutaneous parenteral Traumeel® in the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain
- Authors: Peyton, David
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Backache - Homeopathic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Traumeel® , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Homeopathic remedies
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8836 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5249
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects of lumbar spine and/or pelvic manipulation, and lumbar spine and/or pelvic manipulation in conjunction with the application of subcutaneous parenteral Traumeel® in the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine range of motion. These effects were evaluated using a questionnaire consisting of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire, and by measuring lumbar spine range of motion using a digital inclinometer. The questionnaire was completed and the range of motion readings were taken prior to treatment on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Method: Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were stratified in number and gender between two groups of equal size (15 participants each). Group one received spinal manipulation to restricted lumbar spine and/or sacroiliac joints followed by the administration of subcutaneous parenteral Traumeel®. The second group received spinal manipulation to restricted lumbar spine and/or sacroiliac joints. Participants were treated six times out of a total of seven sessions, over a maximum three week period. Procedure: Subjective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth consultations, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and an Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire in order to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth session, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a digital inclinometer in order to assess lumbar spine range of motion. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. Results: Clinically significant improvements in group 1 and group 2 were noted over the duration of the study with reference to pain, disability, and lumbar spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes were noted in group 1 and group 2 with reference to pain and disability, and in group 1 with reference to lumbar spine range of motion. vi Conclusion: The results show that both spinal manipulation, as well as spinal manipulation in conjunction with subcutaneous parenteral Traumeel® are effective treatment protocols (as demonstrated clinically, and to a lesser extent, statistically) in decreasing pain and disability, and increasing lumbar spine range of motion in patients with mechanical low back pain. However, neither treatment protocol proved to be preferential. The results carry a possible suggestion that chiropractic manipulation (common to both groups) is effective in ameliorating participant-rated pain and disability, and increasing lumbar spine range of motion in the case of chronic mechanical low back pain.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Peyton, David
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Backache - Homeopathic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Traumeel® , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Homeopathic remedies
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8836 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5249
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects of lumbar spine and/or pelvic manipulation, and lumbar spine and/or pelvic manipulation in conjunction with the application of subcutaneous parenteral Traumeel® in the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine range of motion. These effects were evaluated using a questionnaire consisting of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire, and by measuring lumbar spine range of motion using a digital inclinometer. The questionnaire was completed and the range of motion readings were taken prior to treatment on the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Method: Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were stratified in number and gender between two groups of equal size (15 participants each). Group one received spinal manipulation to restricted lumbar spine and/or sacroiliac joints followed by the administration of subcutaneous parenteral Traumeel®. The second group received spinal manipulation to restricted lumbar spine and/or sacroiliac joints. Participants were treated six times out of a total of seven sessions, over a maximum three week period. Procedure: Subjective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth consultations, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and an Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire in order to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth session, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a digital inclinometer in order to assess lumbar spine range of motion. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. Results: Clinically significant improvements in group 1 and group 2 were noted over the duration of the study with reference to pain, disability, and lumbar spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes were noted in group 1 and group 2 with reference to pain and disability, and in group 1 with reference to lumbar spine range of motion. vi Conclusion: The results show that both spinal manipulation, as well as spinal manipulation in conjunction with subcutaneous parenteral Traumeel® are effective treatment protocols (as demonstrated clinically, and to a lesser extent, statistically) in decreasing pain and disability, and increasing lumbar spine range of motion in patients with mechanical low back pain. However, neither treatment protocol proved to be preferential. The results carry a possible suggestion that chiropractic manipulation (common to both groups) is effective in ameliorating participant-rated pain and disability, and increasing lumbar spine range of motion in the case of chronic mechanical low back pain.
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The effects of diversified chiropractic adjustments versus flexion-distraction technique in the treatment and management of chronic lumbar facet syndrome
- Kekana, Mahlodi Ntebaleng Sekutupu
- Authors: Kekana, Mahlodi Ntebaleng Sekutupu
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Lumbar vertebrae , Lumbar facet syndrome , Spinal adjustment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/373655 , uj:2297 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4757
- Description: M. Tech. , Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Diversified Chiropractic adjustments versus Flexion-Distraction Technique in the management and treatment of chronic Lumbar Facet Syndrome. Method: This study consisted of two groups, Group A and Group B, each consisting of 15 participants with chronic Lumbar Facet Syndrome. The participants were between the ages of 20 and 45 years. Potential candidates were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received Diversified Chiropractic Adjustments and Group B received Flexion-Distraction Technique to the lumbar facets. Procedure: Each participant was treated eight times over a period of four weeks. Before the commencement of treatment one, four and eight, the participants completed the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale. A Digital Inclinometer was used to measure lumbar spine ranges of motion. Diversified Chiropractic adjustments were then administered to Group A based on the restrictions obtained during motion palpation. Flexion-Distraction Technique was administered to Group B based also on the restrictions that were obtained during motion palpation. Results: Objective statistically significant differences were noted on flexion and left lateral flexion ranges of motion before treatment, and clinically significant differences we noted on flexion and right lateral flexion after treatment, in favour of Group A. Subjective readings also showed statistically significant differences with regards to Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index and Visual Analogue Scale in favour of both Group A and Group B. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that both Diversified Chiropractic adjustments and Flexion-Distraction Technique have a positive effect on patients suffering from chronic Lumbar Facet Syndrome. However, Diversified Chiropractic adjustments proved to have a greater overall benefit compared to Flexion-Distraction Technique in the management and treatment of Lumbar Facet Syndrome.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kekana, Mahlodi Ntebaleng Sekutupu
- Date: 2012-06-04
- Subjects: Lumbar vertebrae , Lumbar facet syndrome , Spinal adjustment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/373655 , uj:2297 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4757
- Description: M. Tech. , Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Diversified Chiropractic adjustments versus Flexion-Distraction Technique in the management and treatment of chronic Lumbar Facet Syndrome. Method: This study consisted of two groups, Group A and Group B, each consisting of 15 participants with chronic Lumbar Facet Syndrome. The participants were between the ages of 20 and 45 years. Potential candidates were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received Diversified Chiropractic Adjustments and Group B received Flexion-Distraction Technique to the lumbar facets. Procedure: Each participant was treated eight times over a period of four weeks. Before the commencement of treatment one, four and eight, the participants completed the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale. A Digital Inclinometer was used to measure lumbar spine ranges of motion. Diversified Chiropractic adjustments were then administered to Group A based on the restrictions obtained during motion palpation. Flexion-Distraction Technique was administered to Group B based also on the restrictions that were obtained during motion palpation. Results: Objective statistically significant differences were noted on flexion and left lateral flexion ranges of motion before treatment, and clinically significant differences we noted on flexion and right lateral flexion after treatment, in favour of Group A. Subjective readings also showed statistically significant differences with regards to Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index and Visual Analogue Scale in favour of both Group A and Group B. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that both Diversified Chiropractic adjustments and Flexion-Distraction Technique have a positive effect on patients suffering from chronic Lumbar Facet Syndrome. However, Diversified Chiropractic adjustments proved to have a greater overall benefit compared to Flexion-Distraction Technique in the management and treatment of Lumbar Facet Syndrome.
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The effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy versus spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with guided imagery in the treatment of chronic lower back pain
- Authors: Jordaan, Aileen
- Date: 2012-08-01
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Imagery (Psychology) - Therapeutic use
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8903 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5375
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the extent of the benefit of combining psychological intervention, in the form of guided imagery, with spinal manipulative therapy, in the treatment of mechanical chronic lower back pain. The guided imagery functioned to address the psychosocial factors playing a role in the experience, maintenance and exacerbation of chronic pain (Turk, Swanson & Tunks, 2008), while the chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy functioned to address the dysfunctional biomechanics which cause the biological and neurological aspects of the chronic pain. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: 30 subjects between the ages of 18 and 40, presenting to the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic day clinic with chronic lower back pain, participated in the trail. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, which both underwent 6 treatments. During the initial consultation, both groups had their lumbar range of motion measured with the digital inclinometer, and were asked to complete the Oswestry Pain and Disability Index (Appendix G), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (Appendix H), and Perceived Stress Scale (Appendix I). This was followed for group A by spinal manipulative therapy to the restricted segments. Group B was treated with spinal manipulative therapy and a guided imagery session, performed by a registered psychologist. The participants were instructed on how to perform the guided imagery on their own, and were asked to perform it at home 3 times per week for the duration of the treatment. During the 2nd consultation, both groups received spinal manipulative therapy, and their progress was noted throughout on a SOAP note. During the 3rd consultation, both groups again had their lumbar range of motion measured, and were asked to complete the Oswestry Pain and Disability Index, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Treatment followed as per the initial consultation for both groups. During the 4th and 5th consultations, both groups received spinal manipulative therapy. During the final consultation, both groups were again treated with spinal manipulative therapy, followed by lumbar range of motion measurements, and final completion of the Oswestry Pain and Disability Index, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in overall lumbar range of motion for both groups throughout all degrees of freedom respectively. It is interesting to note that both in extension as well as rotation the inter-group measurements were statistically significantly different at treatment outset, but due to greater improvement in group B over group A, became statistically comparable on completion of the trials. There was also a significant overall improvement and decrease in subjective symptoms of perceived pain, disability and stress for both groups, and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale also demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in results, due to greater improvement of group B over group A. CONCLUSION: The subjective and objective results between participants of the same group, demonstrated that both spinal manipulative therapy alone, as well as spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with guided imagery was effective in treating chronic mechanical lower back pain. When comparing results between the two groups, the combined protocol group showed statistically significant improvement above the purely chiropractic group in 3 out of 6 objective measures, and 1 out of 3 subjective measures. There is thus limited evidence as to the advantage of combining guided imagery with the chiropractic treatment protocol of chronic mechanical lower back pain, however unfortunately not sufficient evidence to draw a definitive conclusion.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Jordaan, Aileen
- Date: 2012-08-01
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Imagery (Psychology) - Therapeutic use
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8903 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5375
- Description: M.Tech. , OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the extent of the benefit of combining psychological intervention, in the form of guided imagery, with spinal manipulative therapy, in the treatment of mechanical chronic lower back pain. The guided imagery functioned to address the psychosocial factors playing a role in the experience, maintenance and exacerbation of chronic pain (Turk, Swanson & Tunks, 2008), while the chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy functioned to address the dysfunctional biomechanics which cause the biological and neurological aspects of the chronic pain. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: 30 subjects between the ages of 18 and 40, presenting to the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic day clinic with chronic lower back pain, participated in the trail. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, which both underwent 6 treatments. During the initial consultation, both groups had their lumbar range of motion measured with the digital inclinometer, and were asked to complete the Oswestry Pain and Disability Index (Appendix G), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (Appendix H), and Perceived Stress Scale (Appendix I). This was followed for group A by spinal manipulative therapy to the restricted segments. Group B was treated with spinal manipulative therapy and a guided imagery session, performed by a registered psychologist. The participants were instructed on how to perform the guided imagery on their own, and were asked to perform it at home 3 times per week for the duration of the treatment. During the 2nd consultation, both groups received spinal manipulative therapy, and their progress was noted throughout on a SOAP note. During the 3rd consultation, both groups again had their lumbar range of motion measured, and were asked to complete the Oswestry Pain and Disability Index, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Treatment followed as per the initial consultation for both groups. During the 4th and 5th consultations, both groups received spinal manipulative therapy. During the final consultation, both groups were again treated with spinal manipulative therapy, followed by lumbar range of motion measurements, and final completion of the Oswestry Pain and Disability Index, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in overall lumbar range of motion for both groups throughout all degrees of freedom respectively. It is interesting to note that both in extension as well as rotation the inter-group measurements were statistically significantly different at treatment outset, but due to greater improvement in group B over group A, became statistically comparable on completion of the trials. There was also a significant overall improvement and decrease in subjective symptoms of perceived pain, disability and stress for both groups, and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale also demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in results, due to greater improvement of group B over group A. CONCLUSION: The subjective and objective results between participants of the same group, demonstrated that both spinal manipulative therapy alone, as well as spinal manipulative therapy in conjunction with guided imagery was effective in treating chronic mechanical lower back pain. When comparing results between the two groups, the combined protocol group showed statistically significant improvement above the purely chiropractic group in 3 out of 6 objective measures, and 1 out of 3 subjective measures. There is thus limited evidence as to the advantage of combining guided imagery with the chiropractic treatment protocol of chronic mechanical lower back pain, however unfortunately not sufficient evidence to draw a definitive conclusion.
- Full Text:
Spinal manipulative therapy versus laser therapy and a combination thereof in the treatment of active rhomboid trigger points
- Authors: Van Der Merwe, Megan Alida
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Lasers - Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268635 , uj:28519
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of thoracic spinal manipulative therapy, laser therapy of the rhomboid trigger points and the combination thereof in the treatment of active rhomboid trigger points. This study would then help identify the most effective treatment protocol for active rhomboid trigger points. Method: A sample of thirty participants was used, individuals comprised of males and females between the ages of 18 and 50 years that presented with inter-scapular pain with the presence of active rhomboid trigger points and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was divided into three groups: each group consisted of ten randomly allocated participants. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy, group 2 received laser therapy, and group 3 received a combination treatment including spinal manipulative therapy and laser therapy. Procedure: There were a total of seven visits. Participants received a total of six treatments over a three week period. Participants received the same treatment at each visit according to their group allocation made at the initial visit. Subjective readings which included the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale, as well as objective data that included Pressure algometer readings were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric testing. For the intragroup analysis the Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was performed and for intergroup analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference for...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Der Merwe, Megan Alida
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Lasers - Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268635 , uj:28519
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of thoracic spinal manipulative therapy, laser therapy of the rhomboid trigger points and the combination thereof in the treatment of active rhomboid trigger points. This study would then help identify the most effective treatment protocol for active rhomboid trigger points. Method: A sample of thirty participants was used, individuals comprised of males and females between the ages of 18 and 50 years that presented with inter-scapular pain with the presence of active rhomboid trigger points and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was divided into three groups: each group consisted of ten randomly allocated participants. Group 1 received spinal manipulative therapy, group 2 received laser therapy, and group 3 received a combination treatment including spinal manipulative therapy and laser therapy. Procedure: There were a total of seven visits. Participants received a total of six treatments over a three week period. Participants received the same treatment at each visit according to their group allocation made at the initial visit. Subjective readings which included the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale, as well as objective data that included Pressure algometer readings were taken on the first, fourth and seventh visits. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric testing. For the intragroup analysis the Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was performed and for intergroup analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference for...
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A comparison between chiropractic manipulative therapy and foam rolling for the treatment of low back pain in rowers
- Authors: Bolus, Kyle
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Foam rollers (Exercise equipment) , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Rowers - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/296864 , uj:32350
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulative therapy versus foam rolling in the treatment of rowers suffering with low back pain. Method: The study comprised of 30 rowers between the ages of 16 and 30 years of age, who have had a history of low back pain. The participants were separated into three groups. Group 1 had received a combination of chiropractic manipulative therapy (CMT) and foam rolling therapy. Group 2 had received foam rolling therapy only. Group 3 had received CMT only. Participants attended a total of 7 visits over a 3 week period which consisted of 6 treatments and a 7th (final) visit where only measurements had be taken. Objective measurements were performed by a digital inclinometer to measure lumbar spine range of motion (ROM). Subjective measurements were taken in the form of two questionnaires, the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and the Oswestry low back pain and disability questionnaire (ODI). The data was recorded by the researcher and once the trials were completed, the results were sent to STATKON to be analysed. Results: The intra-group analysis of ROM revealed that group 3 had a greater improvement in lumbar spine ROM, especially in extension and rotation. Inter-group analysis of ROM revealed that group 1 had a significant improvement compared to the other groups. Intra-group analysis of the NPRS results revealed that all 3 group had an effect on pain levels, on intergroup analysis it was seen that group 1 had the greatest decrease in pain levels. Intra-group analysis the ODI results revealed that there was a decrease in disability across the 3 groups, however on inter-group analysis there was no statistical difference between the groups to determine which treatment is more beneficial. Conclusion: There is evidence that both CMT and foam rolling therapy has positive effects on ROM, pain and disability. Even though this study... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bolus, Kyle
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Foam rollers (Exercise equipment) , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Rowers - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/296864 , uj:32350
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chiropractic manipulative therapy versus foam rolling in the treatment of rowers suffering with low back pain. Method: The study comprised of 30 rowers between the ages of 16 and 30 years of age, who have had a history of low back pain. The participants were separated into three groups. Group 1 had received a combination of chiropractic manipulative therapy (CMT) and foam rolling therapy. Group 2 had received foam rolling therapy only. Group 3 had received CMT only. Participants attended a total of 7 visits over a 3 week period which consisted of 6 treatments and a 7th (final) visit where only measurements had be taken. Objective measurements were performed by a digital inclinometer to measure lumbar spine range of motion (ROM). Subjective measurements were taken in the form of two questionnaires, the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and the Oswestry low back pain and disability questionnaire (ODI). The data was recorded by the researcher and once the trials were completed, the results were sent to STATKON to be analysed. Results: The intra-group analysis of ROM revealed that group 3 had a greater improvement in lumbar spine ROM, especially in extension and rotation. Inter-group analysis of ROM revealed that group 1 had a significant improvement compared to the other groups. Intra-group analysis of the NPRS results revealed that all 3 group had an effect on pain levels, on intergroup analysis it was seen that group 1 had the greatest decrease in pain levels. Intra-group analysis the ODI results revealed that there was a decrease in disability across the 3 groups, however on inter-group analysis there was no statistical difference between the groups to determine which treatment is more beneficial. Conclusion: There is evidence that both CMT and foam rolling therapy has positive effects on ROM, pain and disability. Even though this study... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
Flexion distraction in conjunction with diversified lumbar adjustments in the treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain
- Authors: Mc William, Chase Ross
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Lumbar vertebrae , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4563 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9911
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a single treatment approach of flexion distraction or diversified lumbar adjustments, compared to the combined treatment of flexion distraction in conjunction with diversified lumbar adjustments. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 30 participants were used, they all presented with chronic low back pain (LBP) of mechanical origin. SETTING: University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS: The participants were divided randomly into one of 3 groups: Group 1 was treated with diversified lumbar adjustments. Group 2 was treated with flexion distraction directed at the lumbar spine. Group 3 was treated with a combination of diversified lumbar adjustments and flexion distraction. Each participant was treated 6 times over a 3 week period, with a 7th consultation where subjective and objective measurements were taken with no treatment. METHODS: Group 1 was adjusted on a chiropractic table in a seated or side lying posture. Group 2 was treated lying prone on the Cox Flexion Distraction Table. Group 3 was treated with a combination of the above treatments. Flexion distraction was applied to all participants in group 2. It was applied over the segments that were found to be restricted during motion palpation. One set of 10 repetitions was performed under distraction in each range of motion (ROM). Mobilisation of the restricted joints was executed until full and complete ROM was detected. To ensure that the participant was comfortable and received the best treatment possible Velcro straps were used to secure them onto the flexion distraction table. Diversified chiropractic adjustments were done on the flexion distraction bed or the chiropractic tables in the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. Spinous Hook (Pull), Thigh-Transverso-Deltoid, Transverso-Deltoid and Push-Pull Technique were the names of the adjustments used to treat participants in group 1 or group 3. PROCEDURE: Subjective data was collected using the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), which were completed by the participants prior to the 1st and 4th consultations and then again on the 7th consultation. Objective data was collected using the Digital Inclinometer. The ROMs measured were forward flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion left rotation and right rotation of the lumbar spine. This data was collected by the researcher prior to the 1st and 4th consultations and then again on the 7th consultation. RESULTS: This study was done to try and establish the most effective approach in the management of chronic mechanical LBP using the different treatment approaches. When comparing the results obtained from the study it can be seen that all 3 groups were effective at reducing pain levels using the NPRS. There was a significant change that occurred on the 7th consultation when looking at the NPRS values. The statistics were then further analysed and a statistically significant difference was shown to have occurred between groups 1 and 3. This indicates that the chiropractic adjustment used alone, was the best treatment protocol compared to groups 2 and 3. The ODQ values showed that the treatments for all 3 groups were effective at getting the participants back to normal activities of daily living over the treatment protocol, with no preference between any of the treatment protocols. Statistically significant changes were found to have occurred in only some ranges of motion of the lumbar spine within certain groups. Clinical improvements regarding ROM were evident in group 1 concerning flexion, left rotation and right rotation. A clinical decrease was found in extension, left and right lateral flexion with group 1. Clinical improvements concerning group 2 were found in extension, left rotation and right rotation. Flexion showed a clinical decrease in ROM values of group 2. Statistically significant improvements were found with left and right lateral flexion in group 2. Group 3 showed positive clinical results with left and right rotation. Flexion and left and right lateral flexion ROM showed decreased values clinically in group in group 3. Extension showed a statistically significant decrease in group 3. These results indicate that chiropractic adjustments used alone, were the best treatment protocol compared to group 2 and 3 when using the NPRS. The ODQ values showed that there was no preference between either of the treatment protocols with regards to normal activities of daily living.
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- Authors: Mc William, Chase Ross
- Date: 2014-04-01
- Subjects: Lumbar vertebrae , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4563 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9911
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a single treatment approach of flexion distraction or diversified lumbar adjustments, compared to the combined treatment of flexion distraction in conjunction with diversified lumbar adjustments. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 30 participants were used, they all presented with chronic low back pain (LBP) of mechanical origin. SETTING: University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS: The participants were divided randomly into one of 3 groups: Group 1 was treated with diversified lumbar adjustments. Group 2 was treated with flexion distraction directed at the lumbar spine. Group 3 was treated with a combination of diversified lumbar adjustments and flexion distraction. Each participant was treated 6 times over a 3 week period, with a 7th consultation where subjective and objective measurements were taken with no treatment. METHODS: Group 1 was adjusted on a chiropractic table in a seated or side lying posture. Group 2 was treated lying prone on the Cox Flexion Distraction Table. Group 3 was treated with a combination of the above treatments. Flexion distraction was applied to all participants in group 2. It was applied over the segments that were found to be restricted during motion palpation. One set of 10 repetitions was performed under distraction in each range of motion (ROM). Mobilisation of the restricted joints was executed until full and complete ROM was detected. To ensure that the participant was comfortable and received the best treatment possible Velcro straps were used to secure them onto the flexion distraction table. Diversified chiropractic adjustments were done on the flexion distraction bed or the chiropractic tables in the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Day Clinic. Spinous Hook (Pull), Thigh-Transverso-Deltoid, Transverso-Deltoid and Push-Pull Technique were the names of the adjustments used to treat participants in group 1 or group 3. PROCEDURE: Subjective data was collected using the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), which were completed by the participants prior to the 1st and 4th consultations and then again on the 7th consultation. Objective data was collected using the Digital Inclinometer. The ROMs measured were forward flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion left rotation and right rotation of the lumbar spine. This data was collected by the researcher prior to the 1st and 4th consultations and then again on the 7th consultation. RESULTS: This study was done to try and establish the most effective approach in the management of chronic mechanical LBP using the different treatment approaches. When comparing the results obtained from the study it can be seen that all 3 groups were effective at reducing pain levels using the NPRS. There was a significant change that occurred on the 7th consultation when looking at the NPRS values. The statistics were then further analysed and a statistically significant difference was shown to have occurred between groups 1 and 3. This indicates that the chiropractic adjustment used alone, was the best treatment protocol compared to groups 2 and 3. The ODQ values showed that the treatments for all 3 groups were effective at getting the participants back to normal activities of daily living over the treatment protocol, with no preference between any of the treatment protocols. Statistically significant changes were found to have occurred in only some ranges of motion of the lumbar spine within certain groups. Clinical improvements regarding ROM were evident in group 1 concerning flexion, left rotation and right rotation. A clinical decrease was found in extension, left and right lateral flexion with group 1. Clinical improvements concerning group 2 were found in extension, left rotation and right rotation. Flexion showed a clinical decrease in ROM values of group 2. Statistically significant improvements were found with left and right lateral flexion in group 2. Group 3 showed positive clinical results with left and right rotation. Flexion and left and right lateral flexion ROM showed decreased values clinically in group in group 3. Extension showed a statistically significant decrease in group 3. These results indicate that chiropractic adjustments used alone, were the best treatment protocol compared to group 2 and 3 when using the NPRS. The ODQ values showed that there was no preference between either of the treatment protocols with regards to normal activities of daily living.
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The effect of chiropractic manipulation and /or a combination of abdominal strengthening exercises on the feed-forward reaction of the deep abdominal muscles in people with chronic mechanical low back pain
- Authors: Meldrum, Celia
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Abdominal strengthening exercises , Spinal adjustment , Muscle strength , Abdomen muscles
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364934 , uj:8814 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5229
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Chiropractic adjustment has been shown to be an effective treatment for low back pain (Cox, 1999 and Lawrence et al, 2008). The role that the transverse abdominus plays in low back pain is not clear. Sacroiliac adjustment changes the activation speed (Marshall and Murphy, 2006) and the strength of contraction of transverse abdominus. This study aims to determine the short-term effects of chiropractic manipulative treatment on the feed-forward activation of the deep abdominal muscles in patients with chronic low back pain. Method: Forty five participants with chronic mechanical low back pain were used in this study. The primary cause of their back pain was mechanical. The study consisted of three randomly selected groups of participants. Group one was treated using abdominal exercise only. Group two was treated using both chiropractic manipulation and abdominal exercise. Group three was treated using chiropractic manipulation only. Procedure: The effect on the feed-forward activation of transverse abdominus and internal oblique was measured and recorded using surface electromyography in each group. The participants also completed an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale in order to record any change in back pain. Participants were seen seven times over a maximum four week period. Readings were taken on the first, third and fifth and seventh visits. Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) results were seen in all three groups for the Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Minimum EMG results were not statistically significant, however group three showed improvement clinically. Maximum EMG results were also did not show a statistically significant change. Feed-forward activation of the transverse abdominus muscle showed no statistically significant change. Conclusion: Favourable results were obtained clinically for all three groups. Group three (chiropractic manipulation only) was shown to be the most effective in terms of patient perception of pain and disability. Objectively, the results were less definitive. Chiropractic manipulation alone had the most favourable effect on the resting surface EMG readings of the transverse abdominus, while chiropractic manipulation combined with abdominal exercises and abdominal exercises alone did not show this change. This too was seen in the results for the maximum EMG readings. Onset times of the transverse abdominus muscle showed no improvement.
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- Authors: Meldrum, Celia
- Date: 2012-07-19
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Abdominal strengthening exercises , Spinal adjustment , Muscle strength , Abdomen muscles
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364934 , uj:8814 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5229
- Description: M.Tech. , Purpose: Chiropractic adjustment has been shown to be an effective treatment for low back pain (Cox, 1999 and Lawrence et al, 2008). The role that the transverse abdominus plays in low back pain is not clear. Sacroiliac adjustment changes the activation speed (Marshall and Murphy, 2006) and the strength of contraction of transverse abdominus. This study aims to determine the short-term effects of chiropractic manipulative treatment on the feed-forward activation of the deep abdominal muscles in patients with chronic low back pain. Method: Forty five participants with chronic mechanical low back pain were used in this study. The primary cause of their back pain was mechanical. The study consisted of three randomly selected groups of participants. Group one was treated using abdominal exercise only. Group two was treated using both chiropractic manipulation and abdominal exercise. Group three was treated using chiropractic manipulation only. Procedure: The effect on the feed-forward activation of transverse abdominus and internal oblique was measured and recorded using surface electromyography in each group. The participants also completed an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale in order to record any change in back pain. Participants were seen seven times over a maximum four week period. Readings were taken on the first, third and fifth and seventh visits. Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) results were seen in all three groups for the Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Minimum EMG results were not statistically significant, however group three showed improvement clinically. Maximum EMG results were also did not show a statistically significant change. Feed-forward activation of the transverse abdominus muscle showed no statistically significant change. Conclusion: Favourable results were obtained clinically for all three groups. Group three (chiropractic manipulation only) was shown to be the most effective in terms of patient perception of pain and disability. Objectively, the results were less definitive. Chiropractic manipulation alone had the most favourable effect on the resting surface EMG readings of the transverse abdominus, while chiropractic manipulation combined with abdominal exercises and abdominal exercises alone did not show this change. This too was seen in the results for the maximum EMG readings. Onset times of the transverse abdominus muscle showed no improvement.
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Effectiveness of chiropractic treatment of chronic mechanical lower back pain in conjunction with the use of the Cory Knee cushion
- Authors: King, Bronwen Lynn
- Date: 2014-02-05
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Backache - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3657 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9042
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment of chronic lower back pain in conjunction with the use of the Cory knee cushion during sleep as compared with chiropractic treatment alone. The cushion is used in an attempt to improve sleeping posture. It was proposed that both treatment protocols would be effective, but that the combined therapy would show better results. An unblinded, controlled pilot study was conducted. Patients responding to advertisements were recruited from the general population. Thirty patients who conformed to the specified criteria and delimitations were accepted into the study and placed randomly in one of two possible treatment groups. One group received chiropractic adjustments in conjunction with the use of the Cory knee cushion during sleep, the other received chiropractic adjustments alone. Comparisons were performed by means of objective (lumbar spine range of motion) and subjective (Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire, MCGiIl Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale) assessments over the eight-week treatment period, with comparisons made at treatments one, four, seven, nine and ten. The results were recorded and the data was statistically analysed using two-sample ttests, paired t-tests, sign rank tests and Mann-Whitney tests. The results indicated that there was a generalised improvement in both of the treatment groups in terms of lumbar spine range of motion and pain relief. While group one attained a better range for rotation after the month break, this was an isolated improvement. Under the circumstances of the research, neither group showed considerably superior results over the other, as there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Thus, the full benefit of sleeping with a cushion between the knees in an attempt to improve sleeping posture will need additional investigation in order to be of-use as an adjunct to chiropractic treatment.
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- Authors: King, Bronwen Lynn
- Date: 2014-02-05
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Backache - Chiropractic treatment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3657 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9042
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic treatment of chronic lower back pain in conjunction with the use of the Cory knee cushion during sleep as compared with chiropractic treatment alone. The cushion is used in an attempt to improve sleeping posture. It was proposed that both treatment protocols would be effective, but that the combined therapy would show better results. An unblinded, controlled pilot study was conducted. Patients responding to advertisements were recruited from the general population. Thirty patients who conformed to the specified criteria and delimitations were accepted into the study and placed randomly in one of two possible treatment groups. One group received chiropractic adjustments in conjunction with the use of the Cory knee cushion during sleep, the other received chiropractic adjustments alone. Comparisons were performed by means of objective (lumbar spine range of motion) and subjective (Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire, MCGiIl Pain Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale) assessments over the eight-week treatment period, with comparisons made at treatments one, four, seven, nine and ten. The results were recorded and the data was statistically analysed using two-sample ttests, paired t-tests, sign rank tests and Mann-Whitney tests. The results indicated that there was a generalised improvement in both of the treatment groups in terms of lumbar spine range of motion and pain relief. While group one attained a better range for rotation after the month break, this was an isolated improvement. Under the circumstances of the research, neither group showed considerably superior results over the other, as there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Thus, the full benefit of sleeping with a cushion between the knees in an attempt to improve sleeping posture will need additional investigation in order to be of-use as an adjunct to chiropractic treatment.
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Chiropractic manipulative therapy combined with Kinesio Tape™ versus elastic bandage in treatment of chronic lower back pain
- Authors: Venter, Macheré
- Date: 2014-06-04
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Bandages and bandaging , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11393 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11031
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Chronic lower back pain (LBP) is considered as one of the most prevalent conditions in our society with 70-85% of the population experiencing pain at some point in their lives and 80% having recurrent episodes. The majority of chronic LBP is treated with conservative care, with spinal manipulation being a treatment modality shown to be beneficial resulting in restoration of normal ranges of movement, decrease of muscle spasm and there is an overall biomechanical change. One of the more modern trends is combining manipulation with taping. It has been shown that with the application of Kinesio tape to the lumbar para-spinal muscles effectively increases lumbar range of motion and decreases pain with the relaxation of tense muscles as well as increase in proprioception as the tape increasingly stimulates cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Elastic bandage has been shown to improve proprioceptive acuity as it stimulates cutaneous mechanoreceptors, as well as providing support to joint structure. The purpose of this study was to determine the superiority of one tape versus the other as well as the efficacy of the individual tape and whether the combination treatment of spinal manipulative therapy and taping of the lumbar paraspinal muscles are possibly a more effective treatment protocol in the treatment of chronic lower back pain. Method: This clinical study was a comparative study and consisted of two groups of fifteen participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years of age. Group 1 was treated with lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint adjustments and the application of Kinesio tape. Group 2 was treated with lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint adjustments and the application of elastic bandage. Treatment took place over a period of three weeks and participants were treated six times out of a total of seven consultations. Procedure: Subjective data was recorded at the first and fourth consultation prior to treatment and on the seventh consultation by means of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale and an Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire to assess pain and disability. Objective data was recorded at the first and fourth consultation prior to treatment and on the seventh consultation by means of a digital inclinometer for assessing lumbar spine range of motion. Data recorded was analyzed by a statistician. Results: Clinically and statistically significant improvements were noted in both groups over the course of the study with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine range of motion. Conclusion: The results show that both combination treatments of spinal manipulative therapy and the application of Kinesio™ tape or elastic adhesive bandage are effective treatment protocols, both clinical and statistical in decreasing pain, disability and improving lumbar range of motion in patients with chronic lower back pain. However neither treatment protocols proved to be superior over the other.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Venter, Macheré
- Date: 2014-06-04
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Bandages and bandaging , Manipulation (Therapeutics)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11393 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11031
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Chronic lower back pain (LBP) is considered as one of the most prevalent conditions in our society with 70-85% of the population experiencing pain at some point in their lives and 80% having recurrent episodes. The majority of chronic LBP is treated with conservative care, with spinal manipulation being a treatment modality shown to be beneficial resulting in restoration of normal ranges of movement, decrease of muscle spasm and there is an overall biomechanical change. One of the more modern trends is combining manipulation with taping. It has been shown that with the application of Kinesio tape to the lumbar para-spinal muscles effectively increases lumbar range of motion and decreases pain with the relaxation of tense muscles as well as increase in proprioception as the tape increasingly stimulates cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Elastic bandage has been shown to improve proprioceptive acuity as it stimulates cutaneous mechanoreceptors, as well as providing support to joint structure. The purpose of this study was to determine the superiority of one tape versus the other as well as the efficacy of the individual tape and whether the combination treatment of spinal manipulative therapy and taping of the lumbar paraspinal muscles are possibly a more effective treatment protocol in the treatment of chronic lower back pain. Method: This clinical study was a comparative study and consisted of two groups of fifteen participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years of age. Group 1 was treated with lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint adjustments and the application of Kinesio tape. Group 2 was treated with lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint adjustments and the application of elastic bandage. Treatment took place over a period of three weeks and participants were treated six times out of a total of seven consultations. Procedure: Subjective data was recorded at the first and fourth consultation prior to treatment and on the seventh consultation by means of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale and an Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire to assess pain and disability. Objective data was recorded at the first and fourth consultation prior to treatment and on the seventh consultation by means of a digital inclinometer for assessing lumbar spine range of motion. Data recorded was analyzed by a statistician. Results: Clinically and statistically significant improvements were noted in both groups over the course of the study with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine range of motion. Conclusion: The results show that both combination treatments of spinal manipulative therapy and the application of Kinesio™ tape or elastic adhesive bandage are effective treatment protocols, both clinical and statistical in decreasing pain, disability and improving lumbar range of motion in patients with chronic lower back pain. However neither treatment protocols proved to be superior over the other.
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The effects of chiropractic adjustive therapy on lower back pain in South African Police Service operational mounted policemen in Gauteng
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Sheena
- Date: 2011-06-29T06:47:16Z
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Chiropractic treatment , Mounted police - Health and hygiene
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3735
- Description: M.Tech. , This research study was conducted as an unblinded controlled pilot study. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of Chiropractic adjustive therapy on lower back pain in South African Police Service (SAPS) operational mounted policemen in Gauteng. The participants for this research where obtained from the Johannesburg, East Rand, Vaal Rand and Pretoria SAPS Mounted units. Only male participants were recruited and placed into one group where they received Chiropractic adjustive therapy to the restricted Lumbar and Sacroiliac joints. Thirty participants were treated 6 times over a 3-week period, which translated to 2 treatments per week. A two day follow-up visit (visit 7) was conducted to obtain only subjective and objective data, no treatment was administered. An important part of this study was that the duties of the participants continued as usual and were not stopped during this trial. Subjective data was collected using the Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire. Objective data was collected using lumbar range of motion (with a Digital Inclinometer) in flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation. All data was collected during the 1st, 4th and 7th visits. Additional data was collected by enquiring about the saddle type and stirrup length that the participants used. The data collected was analysed using Maunchly and Greenhouse Tests for parametric tests and the Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests for the non-parametric tests. The results of this study concluded that Chiropractic adjustive therapy was effective in relieving or completely eliminating the lower back pain of the participants as well as increasing there lumbar spine range of motion.
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- Authors: Van Niekerk, Sheena
- Date: 2011-06-29T06:47:16Z
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Chiropractic treatment , Mounted police - Health and hygiene
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7144 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3735
- Description: M.Tech. , This research study was conducted as an unblinded controlled pilot study. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of Chiropractic adjustive therapy on lower back pain in South African Police Service (SAPS) operational mounted policemen in Gauteng. The participants for this research where obtained from the Johannesburg, East Rand, Vaal Rand and Pretoria SAPS Mounted units. Only male participants were recruited and placed into one group where they received Chiropractic adjustive therapy to the restricted Lumbar and Sacroiliac joints. Thirty participants were treated 6 times over a 3-week period, which translated to 2 treatments per week. A two day follow-up visit (visit 7) was conducted to obtain only subjective and objective data, no treatment was administered. An important part of this study was that the duties of the participants continued as usual and were not stopped during this trial. Subjective data was collected using the Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire. Objective data was collected using lumbar range of motion (with a Digital Inclinometer) in flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation. All data was collected during the 1st, 4th and 7th visits. Additional data was collected by enquiring about the saddle type and stirrup length that the participants used. The data collected was analysed using Maunchly and Greenhouse Tests for parametric tests and the Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests for the non-parametric tests. The results of this study concluded that Chiropractic adjustive therapy was effective in relieving or completely eliminating the lower back pain of the participants as well as increasing there lumbar spine range of motion.
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The efficacy of chiropractic care in the treatment of chronic low back pain utilizing spinal manipulation and manipulation of the foot
- Authors: Knapp, Charlotte
- Date: 2014-02-05
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Chronic low back pain , Spinal manipulation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3656 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9041
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of the lumbar spine manipulation versus the foot manipulation/mobilisation for people suffering with chronic low back pain. This research aims to compare the effects of lumbar spine manipulation alone, foot manipulatioil/mobilisation alone or the combination of the two in people suffering with chronic low back pain. Candidates for the study were recruited from the local surrounding area, and through information pamphlets distributed through the Technikon Witwatersrand Doornfontein. The candidates were asked to participate in the study, which was held at the Technikon Witwatersrand Chiropractic day clinic. Only -those candidates that conformed to the selection criteria were allowed to participate in the study. The candidates were assigned to one of three groups. Eac.h group had ten candidates. Group 1 received lumbar spine manipulation alone. Group 2 received foot manipulation/mobilisation alone. Group 3 candidates received lumbar spine manipulation and foot manipulatioil/mobilisation. Subjective data was collected using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 and the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire. Objective data was collected using the electronic inclinometer to measure lumbar spine range of motion in flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left anterior rotation. The paired Hest was used for statistical analysis, where a statistically significant difference was found; the Student-Newman-Keuls test was performed to identify which statistically significant difference between the groups was found. The results of this study indicate that lumbar spine manipulation alone would appear to have responded better in terms of lumbar spine range ofmotion...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Knapp, Charlotte
- Date: 2014-02-05
- Subjects: Chiropractic treatment , Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Chronic low back pain , Spinal manipulation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3656 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9041
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of the lumbar spine manipulation versus the foot manipulation/mobilisation for people suffering with chronic low back pain. This research aims to compare the effects of lumbar spine manipulation alone, foot manipulatioil/mobilisation alone or the combination of the two in people suffering with chronic low back pain. Candidates for the study were recruited from the local surrounding area, and through information pamphlets distributed through the Technikon Witwatersrand Doornfontein. The candidates were asked to participate in the study, which was held at the Technikon Witwatersrand Chiropractic day clinic. Only -those candidates that conformed to the selection criteria were allowed to participate in the study. The candidates were assigned to one of three groups. Eac.h group had ten candidates. Group 1 received lumbar spine manipulation alone. Group 2 received foot manipulation/mobilisation alone. Group 3 candidates received lumbar spine manipulation and foot manipulatioil/mobilisation. Subjective data was collected using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 and the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire. Objective data was collected using the electronic inclinometer to measure lumbar spine range of motion in flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left anterior rotation. The paired Hest was used for statistical analysis, where a statistically significant difference was found; the Student-Newman-Keuls test was performed to identify which statistically significant difference between the groups was found. The results of this study indicate that lumbar spine manipulation alone would appear to have responded better in terms of lumbar spine range ofmotion...
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