Application of JIT as a TQM Tool: The Case of an Aluminium Foundary Manufacturing
- Madanhire, Ignatio, Mbohwa, Charles
- Authors: Madanhire, Ignatio , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Just in time , Foundry , Aluminium
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93600 , uj:20367 , Citation: Madanhire, I. & Mbohwa, C. 2016. Application of JIT as a TQM Tool: The Case of an Aluminium Foundary Manufacturing.
- Description: Abstract: This research work investigates the use of Just in time (JIT) as a TQM tool for the aluminium foundary industry. It explores the adaptation of the manufacturing approach to metal foundry, where raw materials are imported in a highly unstable economy. JIT is applied to improve cost effectiveness of operations, quality and to achieve world class benchmarks on all facets of the engineering entity as competitiveness in product delivery is getting to be mandatory for business survival.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Madanhire, Ignatio , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Just in time , Foundry , Aluminium
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93600 , uj:20367 , Citation: Madanhire, I. & Mbohwa, C. 2016. Application of JIT as a TQM Tool: The Case of an Aluminium Foundary Manufacturing.
- Description: Abstract: This research work investigates the use of Just in time (JIT) as a TQM tool for the aluminium foundary industry. It explores the adaptation of the manufacturing approach to metal foundry, where raw materials are imported in a highly unstable economy. JIT is applied to improve cost effectiveness of operations, quality and to achieve world class benchmarks on all facets of the engineering entity as competitiveness in product delivery is getting to be mandatory for business survival.
- Full Text:
Characterization of the intermetallic compounds in aluminium and copper friction stir spot welds
- Mubiayi, Mukuna P., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo
- Authors: Mubiayi, Mukuna P. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Friction Stir Spot Welding
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241397 , uj:24851 , Citation: Mubiayi, M.P. & Akinlabi, E.T. 2017. Characterization of the intermetallic compounds in aluminium and copper friction stir spot welds. 5th International Conference of Materials Processing and Characterization (ICMPC 2016).
- Description: Abstract: Dissimilar metal joining techniques are necessary for the manufacturing of a number of structures and parts in the industries. The spot welds of aluminium and copper were produced using two different tool geometries, different rotational speeds and tool shoulder plunge depths. This paper presents the characterization of the intermetallic compounds using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques in the Stir Zone (SZ). Furthermore, the microhardness test was performed to investigate the effect of the intermetallics on the microhardness values. The XRD results showed that, the most common intermetallic compounds formed in the spot weld samples were Al4Cu9, Al Cu3, Al2Cu3 and Al2Cu, which also showed low peaks intensity. Moreover, the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis also revealed the presence of intermetallic compounds in the Stir Zone and which correlated to the X- ray diffraction analyses. Higher microhardness values were obtained in the stir zone for all the welds due to the smaller grains present in this region resulting from the frictional stirring of the tool. The high hardness values correlated to the high peaks of the intermetallics formed at the interface.
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- Authors: Mubiayi, Mukuna P. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Friction Stir Spot Welding
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241397 , uj:24851 , Citation: Mubiayi, M.P. & Akinlabi, E.T. 2017. Characterization of the intermetallic compounds in aluminium and copper friction stir spot welds. 5th International Conference of Materials Processing and Characterization (ICMPC 2016).
- Description: Abstract: Dissimilar metal joining techniques are necessary for the manufacturing of a number of structures and parts in the industries. The spot welds of aluminium and copper were produced using two different tool geometries, different rotational speeds and tool shoulder plunge depths. This paper presents the characterization of the intermetallic compounds using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques in the Stir Zone (SZ). Furthermore, the microhardness test was performed to investigate the effect of the intermetallics on the microhardness values. The XRD results showed that, the most common intermetallic compounds formed in the spot weld samples were Al4Cu9, Al Cu3, Al2Cu3 and Al2Cu, which also showed low peaks intensity. Moreover, the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis also revealed the presence of intermetallic compounds in the Stir Zone and which correlated to the X- ray diffraction analyses. Higher microhardness values were obtained in the stir zone for all the welds due to the smaller grains present in this region resulting from the frictional stirring of the tool. The high hardness values correlated to the high peaks of the intermetallics formed at the interface.
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Effect of process parameters on tensile strength and morphology of friction stir spot welds of aluminium and copper
- Mubiayi, Mukuna Patrick, Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Makhatha, Mamookho Elizabeth
- Authors: Mubiayi, Mukuna Patrick , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Makhatha, Mamookho Elizabeth
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Copper ring
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237411 , uj:24321 , Citation: Mubiayi, M.P., Akinlabi, E.T. & Makhatha, M.E. 2017. Effect of process parameters on tensile strength and morphology of friction stir spot welds of aluminium and copper.
- Description: Abstract: Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a solid-state welding process used for joining similar and dissimilar materials. AA1060 and C11000 sheets were joined using different process parameters and tool geometries. The presence of a copper rings also called hooks were observed in all the produced spot welds and their length increases with the tool shoulder plunge depth; whereas the spot welds produced at 1200 rpm for the two tool geometries exhibited a decrease and a slight increment in the length of the copper ring using a flat pin/flat shoulder and conical pin/ concave shoulder, respectively. Furthermore, the mapping of the produced spot weld using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) exhibited different microstructures with the presence of copper fragments and particles in the aluminium matrix. It was also observed that, the shoulder plunge depth had an effect on the shear tensile results, except for the weld produced at 800 rpm when using a conical pin and a concave shoulder.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mubiayi, Mukuna Patrick , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Makhatha, Mamookho Elizabeth
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Copper ring
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237411 , uj:24321 , Citation: Mubiayi, M.P., Akinlabi, E.T. & Makhatha, M.E. 2017. Effect of process parameters on tensile strength and morphology of friction stir spot welds of aluminium and copper.
- Description: Abstract: Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a solid-state welding process used for joining similar and dissimilar materials. AA1060 and C11000 sheets were joined using different process parameters and tool geometries. The presence of a copper rings also called hooks were observed in all the produced spot welds and their length increases with the tool shoulder plunge depth; whereas the spot welds produced at 1200 rpm for the two tool geometries exhibited a decrease and a slight increment in the length of the copper ring using a flat pin/flat shoulder and conical pin/ concave shoulder, respectively. Furthermore, the mapping of the produced spot weld using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) exhibited different microstructures with the presence of copper fragments and particles in the aluminium matrix. It was also observed that, the shoulder plunge depth had an effect on the shear tensile results, except for the weld produced at 800 rpm when using a conical pin and a concave shoulder.
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Effects of modification techniques on mechanical properties of Al-Si cast alloys
- Ebhota, Williams S., Jen, Tien-Chen
- Authors: Ebhota, Williams S. , Jen, Tien-Chen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Aluminium , Al‐Si alloys , Refinement
- Language: English
- Type: Book Chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244729 , uj:25310 , Citation: Ebhota, W.S. & Jen, T.C. 2017. Effects of modification techniques on mechanical properties of Al-Si cast alloys.
- Description: Abstract: Mechanical, physical and chemical properties of a part depend on the size, morphology and dispersion of the constituents of the microstructure of the part’s material. Therefore, this chapter discusses the different processes of altering the microstructure of Al‐Si based alloys to desired functional properties. These processes, commonly called modification methods, were broadly categorised into three: chemical, thermal and mechanical methods. Chemical method, which involves the addition of some elements, in trace levels, to alloys to be modified, is the best modification option. The elements for modifying are called modifiers. The three commonest used modifiers (sodium, Na, strontium, Sr and antimony, Sb) were discussed. The chapter, however, noted that for optimal alloy’s mechanical attributes, thermal treatment is usually combined with both chemical and mechanical modification processes. Thermal involves rapid cooling of alloy for modification, while mechanical method depends on force to break up large α‐Al dendrites and plate‐like Si phases.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ebhota, Williams S. , Jen, Tien-Chen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Aluminium , Al‐Si alloys , Refinement
- Language: English
- Type: Book Chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244729 , uj:25310 , Citation: Ebhota, W.S. & Jen, T.C. 2017. Effects of modification techniques on mechanical properties of Al-Si cast alloys.
- Description: Abstract: Mechanical, physical and chemical properties of a part depend on the size, morphology and dispersion of the constituents of the microstructure of the part’s material. Therefore, this chapter discusses the different processes of altering the microstructure of Al‐Si based alloys to desired functional properties. These processes, commonly called modification methods, were broadly categorised into three: chemical, thermal and mechanical methods. Chemical method, which involves the addition of some elements, in trace levels, to alloys to be modified, is the best modification option. The elements for modifying are called modifiers. The three commonest used modifiers (sodium, Na, strontium, Sr and antimony, Sb) were discussed. The chapter, however, noted that for optimal alloy’s mechanical attributes, thermal treatment is usually combined with both chemical and mechanical modification processes. Thermal involves rapid cooling of alloy for modification, while mechanical method depends on force to break up large α‐Al dendrites and plate‐like Si phases.
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Evaluation of microstructural and nanomechanical performance of spark plasma sintered TiFe-SiC reinforced aluminium matrix composites
- Akinwamide, Samuel Olukayode, Lesufi, Miltia, Akinribide, Ojo Jeremiah, Mpolo, Peggy, Olubam, Peter Apata
- Authors: Akinwamide, Samuel Olukayode , Lesufi, Miltia , Akinribide, Ojo Jeremiah , Mpolo, Peggy , Olubam, Peter Apata
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Spark plasma sintering , Aluminium , Silicon carbide
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/444284 , uj:38831 , Citation: Akinwamide, S.O. et al. 2020. Evaluation of microstructural and nanomechanical performance of spark plasma sintered TiFe-SiC reinforced aluminium matrix composites.
- Description: Abstract: tDue to the increasing demand for lighter materials with enhanced properties, the upgrade oftechniques to improve the production of high-performance composite materials is of greatinterest in modern technology. The microstructural and mechanical properties of sparkplasma sintered aluminium based composites with ferrotitanium (TiFe) and silicon carbide(SiC) reinforcements were investigated. High energy ball milling technique was adopted toeffectively disperse the particles SiC and TiFe reinforcements into the matrix of aluminium,and the admixed powders were compacted using spark plasma sintering technique. Thespecimens sectioned from the sintered compacts were analysed using an X-ray diffractome-ter (XRD), optical microscope (OM), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)to understand the microstructural features and phase evolution of the sintered compos-ites. The mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated through hardness,nanomechanical and tribology tests. Results from the microstructural examinations con-ducted shows that the reinforcement particles were evenly dispersed within the aluminiummatrix, as a result of the milling process. Furthermore, all the sintered composites hadtheir microstructural features enhanced, but properties such as hardness, frictional coeffi-cient, and elastic modulus were more enhanced in specimen reinforced with 2%SiC+2%TiFeparticles. The reduced crystallite size recorded by the sintered specimens confirmed theeffectiveness of the milling process, and powder metallurgy route adopted for fabrication.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Akinwamide, Samuel Olukayode , Lesufi, Miltia , Akinribide, Ojo Jeremiah , Mpolo, Peggy , Olubam, Peter Apata
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Spark plasma sintering , Aluminium , Silicon carbide
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/444284 , uj:38831 , Citation: Akinwamide, S.O. et al. 2020. Evaluation of microstructural and nanomechanical performance of spark plasma sintered TiFe-SiC reinforced aluminium matrix composites.
- Description: Abstract: tDue to the increasing demand for lighter materials with enhanced properties, the upgrade oftechniques to improve the production of high-performance composite materials is of greatinterest in modern technology. The microstructural and mechanical properties of sparkplasma sintered aluminium based composites with ferrotitanium (TiFe) and silicon carbide(SiC) reinforcements were investigated. High energy ball milling technique was adopted toeffectively disperse the particles SiC and TiFe reinforcements into the matrix of aluminium,and the admixed powders were compacted using spark plasma sintering technique. Thespecimens sectioned from the sintered compacts were analysed using an X-ray diffractome-ter (XRD), optical microscope (OM), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)to understand the microstructural features and phase evolution of the sintered compos-ites. The mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated through hardness,nanomechanical and tribology tests. Results from the microstructural examinations con-ducted shows that the reinforcement particles were evenly dispersed within the aluminiummatrix, as a result of the milling process. Furthermore, all the sintered composites hadtheir microstructural features enhanced, but properties such as hardness, frictional coeffi-cient, and elastic modulus were more enhanced in specimen reinforced with 2%SiC+2%TiFeparticles. The reduced crystallite size recorded by the sintered specimens confirmed theeffectiveness of the milling process, and powder metallurgy route adopted for fabrication.
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Friction stir welding of aluminium and copper : fracture surface characterizations
- Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Authors: Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Fracture surfaces , Friction stir welding
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4745 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11731
- Description: Butt welds of aluminium alloy and copper alloy were produced by Friction Stir Welding by varying the feed rate and keeping all other parameters constant. The final weld matrix was composed of welds produced by a constant rotational speed of 600 rpm and the feed rate varied between 50 and 300mm/min. The microstructure and fracture surfaces of the joint interfaces were investigated. The results revealed that the joint interface was characterised with mixed layers of both materials joined. The strongest weld was produced at the highest feed rate employed at 300 mm/min. The fracture surfaces were characterised with thin layers of intermetallic compounds and can be considered fit for practical applications.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Akinlabi, Stephen A.
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Fracture surfaces , Friction stir welding
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4745 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11731
- Description: Butt welds of aluminium alloy and copper alloy were produced by Friction Stir Welding by varying the feed rate and keeping all other parameters constant. The final weld matrix was composed of welds produced by a constant rotational speed of 600 rpm and the feed rate varied between 50 and 300mm/min. The microstructure and fracture surfaces of the joint interfaces were investigated. The results revealed that the joint interface was characterised with mixed layers of both materials joined. The strongest weld was produced at the highest feed rate employed at 300 mm/min. The fracture surfaces were characterised with thin layers of intermetallic compounds and can be considered fit for practical applications.
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Friction stir welding of dissimilar materials between aluminium alloys and copper - an overview
- Authors: Mubiayi., Mukuna P.
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Friction stir welding
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/390844 , uj:4847 , ISBN 978-988-19252-9-9 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12514
- Description: Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process used for welding similar and dissimilar materials. The process is widely used because it produces sound welds and does not have common problems such as solidification and liquefaction cracking associated with the fusion welding techniques. The FSW of Aluminium and its alloys has been commercialised; and recent interest is focused on joining dissimilar materials. However, in order to commercialise the process, research studies are required to characterise and establish process windows. In particular, FSW has inspired researchers to attempt joining dissimilar materials such as aluminium to copper which differ in properties and sound welds with none or limited intermetallic compounds has been produced. In this paper, we review the current research state of FSW between aluminium and copper with a focus on the resulting weld microstructure, mechanical testing and the tools employed to produce the welds and also an insight into future research in this field of study.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mubiayi., Mukuna P.
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Friction stir welding
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/390844 , uj:4847 , ISBN 978-988-19252-9-9 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12514
- Description: Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process used for welding similar and dissimilar materials. The process is widely used because it produces sound welds and does not have common problems such as solidification and liquefaction cracking associated with the fusion welding techniques. The FSW of Aluminium and its alloys has been commercialised; and recent interest is focused on joining dissimilar materials. However, in order to commercialise the process, research studies are required to characterise and establish process windows. In particular, FSW has inspired researchers to attempt joining dissimilar materials such as aluminium to copper which differ in properties and sound welds with none or limited intermetallic compounds has been produced. In this paper, we review the current research state of FSW between aluminium and copper with a focus on the resulting weld microstructure, mechanical testing and the tools employed to produce the welds and also an insight into future research in this field of study.
- Full Text:
Microstructural characterization of friction stir lap welds of aluminium incorporated with titanium carbide
- Abegunde, O. O., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Madyira, D. M.
- Authors: Abegunde, O. O. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Madyira, D. M.
- Date: 2015-07-01
- Subjects: Aluminium , Friction stir welding , Titanium carbide , Aluminum
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5123 , ISBN 9789881404701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14085
- Description: In this research study, the characterization of the microstructure evolution of friction stir lap welds (FSLW) of Aluminium incorporated with Titanium Carbide powder to form Aluminium based composites is presented. The Titanium Carbide powder was infused at the weld interface to produce a composite. The FSLW were conducted on an Intelligent Stir Welding for Industry and Research (I-STIR) Process Development System (PDS). Different welding parameters were used for the welding process. Rotational speeds of 1600 rpm and 2000 rpm and transverse speeds of 100 mm/min, 200 mm/min and 300 mm/min were employed. The process parameters were carefully selected to represent a low, medium and high setting for the feed rates. The microstructural evolution of the samples were studied. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to investigate the particle distribution of the welded samples. The results obtained revealed the influence of the welding parameters on the particle distribution of the welded samples. A homogenous mixture of the materials was observed at higher rotational speed of 2000 rpm.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Abegunde, O. O. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Madyira, D. M.
- Date: 2015-07-01
- Subjects: Aluminium , Friction stir welding , Titanium carbide , Aluminum
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5123 , ISBN 9789881404701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14085
- Description: In this research study, the characterization of the microstructure evolution of friction stir lap welds (FSLW) of Aluminium incorporated with Titanium Carbide powder to form Aluminium based composites is presented. The Titanium Carbide powder was infused at the weld interface to produce a composite. The FSLW were conducted on an Intelligent Stir Welding for Industry and Research (I-STIR) Process Development System (PDS). Different welding parameters were used for the welding process. Rotational speeds of 1600 rpm and 2000 rpm and transverse speeds of 100 mm/min, 200 mm/min and 300 mm/min were employed. The process parameters were carefully selected to represent a low, medium and high setting for the feed rates. The microstructural evolution of the samples were studied. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to investigate the particle distribution of the welded samples. The results obtained revealed the influence of the welding parameters on the particle distribution of the welded samples. A homogenous mixture of the materials was observed at higher rotational speed of 2000 rpm.
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Microstructural evolution and mechanical characterizations of AL-TiC matrix composites produced via friction stir
- Abegunde, Olayinka O., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Madyira, Daniel M.
- Authors: Abegunde, Olayinka O. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Madyira, Daniel M.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Friction stir welding , Metal matrix composite , Aluminium
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/236151 , uj:24161 , Citation: Abegunde, O.O., Akinlabi, E.T. & Madyira, D.M. 2017. Microstructural evolution and mechanical characterizations of AL-TiC matrix composites produced via friction stir.
- Description: Abstract: In this research work, ample study was conducted on the material characterization of aluminium (Al) and titanium carbide (TiC) metal matrix composites produced via friction stir welding. Different process parameters were employed for the welding process. Rotational speeds of 1600 rpm to 2000 rpm at an interval of 200 rpm and traverse speeds of 100 to 300 mm/min at an interval of 100 mm/min were employed for the welding conducted on an Intelligent Stir Welding for Industry and Research (I-STIR) Process Development System (PDS) platform. The characterizations carried out include optical microscopy and the scanning electron microscopy analyses combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) techniques to investigate the particle distribution, microstructural evolution and the chemical analysis of the welded samples. Vickers microhardness tests were used to determine the hardness distribution of the welded zone and tensile testing was conducted to quantify the strength of the welded area to the base metal in order to establish the optimal process parameters. Based on the results obtained from the characterization analysis, it was found that the process parameters played a major role in the microstructural evolution. Homogenous distribution of the TiC particles was observed at high rotational speed of 2000 rpm and low traverse speed of 100 mm/min. The highest hardness value was measured at the stir zone of the weld due to the presence of the TiC reinforcement particles. The tensile strength also increased as the rotational speed increased and 92% joint efficiency was recorded in a sample produced at 2000 rpm and 100 mm/min. The EDS analysis revealed that Al, Ti and C made up the composition formed at the stir zone. The optimum process parameter setting was found to be at 2000 rpm and 100 mm/min and can be recommended.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Abegunde, Olayinka O. , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Madyira, Daniel M.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Friction stir welding , Metal matrix composite , Aluminium
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/236151 , uj:24161 , Citation: Abegunde, O.O., Akinlabi, E.T. & Madyira, D.M. 2017. Microstructural evolution and mechanical characterizations of AL-TiC matrix composites produced via friction stir.
- Description: Abstract: In this research work, ample study was conducted on the material characterization of aluminium (Al) and titanium carbide (TiC) metal matrix composites produced via friction stir welding. Different process parameters were employed for the welding process. Rotational speeds of 1600 rpm to 2000 rpm at an interval of 200 rpm and traverse speeds of 100 to 300 mm/min at an interval of 100 mm/min were employed for the welding conducted on an Intelligent Stir Welding for Industry and Research (I-STIR) Process Development System (PDS) platform. The characterizations carried out include optical microscopy and the scanning electron microscopy analyses combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) techniques to investigate the particle distribution, microstructural evolution and the chemical analysis of the welded samples. Vickers microhardness tests were used to determine the hardness distribution of the welded zone and tensile testing was conducted to quantify the strength of the welded area to the base metal in order to establish the optimal process parameters. Based on the results obtained from the characterization analysis, it was found that the process parameters played a major role in the microstructural evolution. Homogenous distribution of the TiC particles was observed at high rotational speed of 2000 rpm and low traverse speed of 100 mm/min. The highest hardness value was measured at the stir zone of the weld due to the presence of the TiC reinforcement particles. The tensile strength also increased as the rotational speed increased and 92% joint efficiency was recorded in a sample produced at 2000 rpm and 100 mm/min. The EDS analysis revealed that Al, Ti and C made up the composition formed at the stir zone. The optimum process parameter setting was found to be at 2000 rpm and 100 mm/min and can be recommended.
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Microstructure and electrical resistivity properties of copper and aluminium friction stir spot welds
- Mubiayi, Mukuna Patrick, Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Makhatha, Mamookho Elizabeth
- Authors: Mubiayi, Mukuna Patrick , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Makhatha, Mamookho Elizabeth
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Electrical resistivity
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237433 , uj:24325 , Citation: Mubiayi, M.P., Akinlabi, E.T. & Makhatha, M.E. 2017. Microstructure and electrical resistivity properties of copper and aluminium friction stir spot welds.
- Description: Abstract: Dissimilar metal joining methods are essential for the manufacturing of a various structures and parts in the industries. Friction stir spot welding process was performed on 3 mm thick AA1060 and C11000. This paper presents the results on the microstructure, chemical analysis and electrical resistivities of the produced joints. The microstructure showed a contrast between the two different materials namely copper and aluminium and the presence of a copper ring (hook) in all the produced spot welds. The presence of copper particles in the aluminium matrix was observed in most of the welds. The conducted energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the presence intermetallic compounds. It was observed that, the spot weld produced using 800 rpm and 1 mm shoulder plunge depth exhibited a low electrical resistivity value of 0.009 μΩ, which shows an appreciation of 0.011 μΩ (55 %), compared to the average of the parent materials (0.020 μΩ). This could be an attractive option for electrical applications.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mubiayi, Mukuna Patrick , Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo , Makhatha, Mamookho Elizabeth
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Aluminium , Copper , Electrical resistivity
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237433 , uj:24325 , Citation: Mubiayi, M.P., Akinlabi, E.T. & Makhatha, M.E. 2017. Microstructure and electrical resistivity properties of copper and aluminium friction stir spot welds.
- Description: Abstract: Dissimilar metal joining methods are essential for the manufacturing of a various structures and parts in the industries. Friction stir spot welding process was performed on 3 mm thick AA1060 and C11000. This paper presents the results on the microstructure, chemical analysis and electrical resistivities of the produced joints. The microstructure showed a contrast between the two different materials namely copper and aluminium and the presence of a copper ring (hook) in all the produced spot welds. The presence of copper particles in the aluminium matrix was observed in most of the welds. The conducted energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the presence intermetallic compounds. It was observed that, the spot weld produced using 800 rpm and 1 mm shoulder plunge depth exhibited a low electrical resistivity value of 0.009 μΩ, which shows an appreciation of 0.011 μΩ (55 %), compared to the average of the parent materials (0.020 μΩ). This could be an attractive option for electrical applications.
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