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Where the law of the invisible hand fails : applying the perspectives of an economic tourist as he ventures into the heart of antediluvian economics

- Baur, P. W.

  • Authors: Baur, P. W.
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Information , Price setting behaviour , Economic tourists , Antediluvian economics
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/221835 , uj:22246 , Citation: Baur, P.W. 2016. Where the law of the invisible hand fails : applying the perspectives of an economic tourist as he ventures into the heart of antediluvian economics. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(2):1-14. http//:www.ajhtl.com , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: Value is subjective. Pricing structures are assumed to be an expression of value, but the problem is that they do not really express a universal value. While tourists may be armed with a bundle of local currency and a supply of sunscreen to protect themselves from the elements of nature, it’s really the established institutions within the territory that pose the real threat to the sanity of the decision maker. This paper examines the role of ‘Information’ in an institutional framework with the aim of exploring the challenges that an economic tourist would be confronted with when attempting to determine the value of a commodity. This within a market which cannot be determined using typical market fundamentals. While an archetypal tourist would be capable of following a road map that may confirm his belief in the markets. However, his own interpretation of the information on that map will be challenged as he ventures further into the world of an antediluvian market where low levels of competition exist and the interaction between supply and demand would best be described as unstable. The problems that modern day economic tourists would face is greatly increased as they are confronted by new and unpredictable institutional information. This information has been developed over centuries within a culturally biased informational context regarding commodities and products in different markets. The real value of a product in an antediluvian economy is determined by the ‘value of Information’ held by the institution within that economy which would serve as a regulator of ‘value’. While value is subjective, the price set within the antediluvian economy may echo issues such as political, social and economic conditions, not reflected in the price, and thus create a flood of misperception to the aspiring tourists.
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The ‘decision-making’ on the trade of 'Cultural Artefacts', applying the role of tourism to measure the economic perspective

- Baur, P. W.

  • Authors: Baur, P. W.
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Cultural Artefacts , Cultural Significance , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/285536 , uj:30881 , Citation: Baur, P.W. 2018. The ‘decision-making’ on the trade of 'Cultural Artefacts', applying the role of tourism to measure the economic perspective. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(4):1-19. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: Tourism continues to flow into Africa and along with this flow of tourism, is the flow of tourist spending. Much of the spending is used to purchase goods and souvenirs that are unique to the region from which they are bought. While tourism spending greatly contributes towards the growth and development of these regions, there is also the added benefit associated with the trade of 'Cultural Artefacts'. Each year, thousands of historically significant artefacts exchange hands across the world. What makes these artefacts so significant is that they contain within them an element of ‘cultural value’. This ‘cultural value’ is specific to the information, subjective norm and institutional importance relevant to religious, social and geographic location. The flow of Art from these regions is highly correlated with the flow of tourism, and tourism facilitates the link between local and international art markets. Yet the trade of 'Cultural Artefacts' which are rich in 'cultural significance' operate on a different level to that of ‘works of art’. This paper looks at the way in which the value of items of 'cultural significance' are considered within an economic context and proposes a methodology, to determine the role of value, within an historical cultural framework.
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Profiling and examining travel patterns pertaining to domestic tourism in Lesotho

- Bob, Urmilla, Swart, Kamilla, Perry, Edwin C., Gounden, Dinolen

The making of a ‘Big 5’ game reserve as an urban tourism destination : Dinokeng, South Africa

- Burton, Calum, Rogerson, Christian M., Rogerson, Jayne M.

The nexus of traditional ecological knowledge and ecotourism development : a case of Bobiri Forest and Butterfly Sanctuary, Ghana

- Dumbe, Yunus, Seebaway M. Zakaria, Eshun, Gabriel

  • Authors: Dumbe, Yunus , Seebaway M. Zakaria , Eshun, Gabriel
  • Date: 2018
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271515 , uj:28879 , Citation: Dumbe, Y., Seebaway M.Z. & Eshun, G. 2018. The nexus of traditional ecological knowledge and ecotourism development : a case of Bobiri Forest and Butterfly Sanctuary, Ghana. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(2):1-19. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: This study focused on the nexus of ecotourism and traditional or local ecological knowledge at the Bobiri Forest and Butterfly Sanctuary in Ghana., The paper argues that although ecotourism needs specific personnel and tangible facilities, ecotourism is a complex phenomenon, which needs a multi-stakeholder approach embedded within the appropriation of traditional ecological knowledge enhanced by religion and customs for sustainability. The study employed a mixed-method approach. The study relied largely on primary data. The target population involved the Kubease community and the management staff of the Sanctuary. In total, 115 semi-structured questionnaires were administered to selected residents from the Kubease community near the Sanctuary. There was also a qualitative study which involved a focus group discussion. The focus group discussion involved eight individuals including the manager of the Sanctuary and seven individuals from the Kubease community in order to provide more data on the local ecological knowledge on the forest. The data from the questionnaires were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS Version 16. The study also employed thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Recommendations have been devised in order to create fusion knowledge that may increases the visitor experience at the Sanctuary.
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Towards a sustainable coastal tourism development in Ghana

- Eshun, Gabriel, Tichaawa, Tembi M., Appiah, Divine Odame

  • Authors: Eshun, Gabriel , Tichaawa, Tembi M. , Appiah, Divine Odame
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Coastal tourism , policies , sanitation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/396245 , uj:32891 , Citation: Eshun, G., Tichaawa, T.M. & Appiah, D. 2019. Towards a sustainable coastal tourism development in Ghana. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(4): 1-18. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: Beaches are great resources for coastal tourism development. They attract a large number of domestic and international tourists. This study focuses on ensuring clean beaches in Ghana for robust and sustainable coastal tourism development. The study specifically addressed the following objectives: policies to ensure clean beach, stakeholders’ participation, promotional activities and sanitation challenges facing beaches in Ghana. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This involved administering semi-structured questionnaires to a total of 150 residents from the study community through convenience sampling. Using purposive sampling, key stakeholders from the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Environmental Protection Agency, Accra Metropolitan Assembly and Ministry of Sanitation were interviewed. Also, through purposive sampling, management from Labadi Beach Resort, La Pleasure Beach Resort, Coco Beach, Next Door Beach, Laboma Beach, Bojo Beach, and La Palm Royal Beach were interviewed towards addressing the study objectives. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of IBM SPSS Version 20.0. The data from the interviews were subjected to thematic explication. The findings revealed that there are some policy measures and practices in place to clean beaches, especially in Accra. However, factors such as limited local participation in beach cleaning, a poor image in some of the sites due to poor sanitation, poor facilities, ineffective coordination among stakeholders remain to be addressed towards achieving sustainable coastal tourism in Ghana.
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Mise en place : time management behaviour and flow within the hospitality training environment

- Geyser, Ita, Crous, Freddie, Geldenhuys, Madelyn

Measurable operational risk in human capital development in the South African service sector

- Govender, Cookie M., Jasson, Cashandra C.

  • Authors: Govender, Cookie M. , Jasson, Cashandra C.
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Service sector , Measurement , Human capital development (HCD)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/264574 , uj:27997 , Citation: Govender, C.M. & Jasson, C.C. 2018. Measurable operational risk in human capital development in the South African service sector. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(2):1-16. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: The contemporary global business, political, technological and social arena is fraught with challenges, rapid development, continuous change and turbulence, which impact on all employees and the manner in which they are led and managed. Organisations in developed as well as emerging and developing economies, such as South Africa (SA), whether they offer goods or services, are especially affected by radical shifts in operational processes that often impede strategic success. Leaders and managers try to mitigate gaps in performance caused by such turbulence, via change management, organisational development and training and development interventions; however, they have to be extra vigilant of the operational risks that are associated with business operations and human capital development (HCD). Empirical research was conducted to understand and explain the perspectives of South African managers operating in the service sector on the measurable operational risks associated with their investments in HCD initiatives. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders and managers who were responsible for HCD in selected organisations. Responses were analysed thematically to seek for common patterns and profound narratives. The key finding indicate that the top five risks in HCD are: poor staff retention; lack of learning transfer; misaligned training needs; disengaged trainees; and budget constraints. Risks ranked as high are: staff retention; lack of transfer; competitors; misaligned training; training aversion; limited budget; changing landscape; and training without impact. Further research is recommended to explore whether managers, HCD professionals and training providers measure specific risks, as well compare the operational effectiveness and risks of human capital development.
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Lean practices for efficiency in the South African hospitality sector

- Govender, Cookie M., Jasson, Cashandra C.

  • Authors: Govender, Cookie M. , Jasson, Cashandra C.
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Lean practices , Lean advantages , Lean challenges
  • Language: Article
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289978 , uj:31472 , Citation: Govender, C.M. & Jasson, C.C. 2018. Lean practices for efficiency in the South African hospitality sector. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(2):1-14. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: Lean thinking and practices entail the reduction of waste, time, effort and cost while perfecting the quality of products and services towards improved customer satisfaction. Lean practices are regarded as global business best practice; especially in light of the recent global recession, greening of the planet initiatives and the millennial need for streamlined systems and processes. The purpose of this article is to propose a set of lean tools by exploring the advantages and difficulties of lean implementation in the South African hospitality sector. The motivation for this paper is that there is a gap in the literature with limited conceptual and empirical knowledge on lean practices in South African organisations, especially in the hospitality sector. This conceptual paper presents the intensive literature study undertaken to explore the advantages and challenges of lean thinking, implementation and practice. The implications of this paper are that the hospitality sector in South Africa and Africa may benefit by adopting the lean advantages and eliminating the lean challenges highlighted by this theoretical paper. Furthermore, leaders and managers can practically engage with the identified lean benefits and challenges and adapt it as required by the process and systems in their organisation. This paper adds theoretically and practically. Theoretically, it increases the body of knowledge on lean thinking, lean practices, advantages and challenges as applied in the South African context. The practical contribution is that it creates awareness on lean thinking and practices as hospitality operational managers may immediately be able to reduce waste, increase profit and improve product, performance and people in their line function.
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Creative industries in Central Johannesburg : entrepreneurs, organisation and locational choice

- Gregory, James J., Rogerson, Christian M.

Factors inhibiting large enterprises from establishing sustainable linkages with black-owned tourism SMMEs in South Africa

- Harilal, V., Nyikana, S.

  • Authors: Harilal, V. , Nyikana, S.
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Tourism , SMMEs , Linkages
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/293537 , uj:31918 , Citation: Harilal, V. & Nyikana, S. 2019. Factors inhibiting large enterprises from establishing sustainable linkages with black-owned tourism SMMEs in South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(3):1-14. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: South African policy has identified the need for the tourism sector to undergo transformation, especially in relation to the black ownership of tourism companies. However, in reality the above has not taken place at the pace that the government desired, owing to various challenges. Of particular concern has been the uncertain nature of the effective linkages between large enterprises and smaller, black-owned enterprises, in relation to the opportunities that the large enterprises present for mutual benefit and participation in the tourism value chain. The current study aims at determining the main factors that inhibit large enterprises from establishing such long-lasting business linkages with black-owned SMMEs, for the sustainable development of South Africa’s tourism industry. A qualitative research design was adopted in conducting the study. Through a series of interviews with large tourism enterprises, the study reveals a number of factors that impede cooperation between large and small tourism enterprises. Among others are the negative perceptions that are held by large businesses regarding the capacity and resourcing of small black enterprises, as well as the lack of access between the two, linked to the procurement patterns of large enterprises, in particular. The study, therefore, proposes some potential strategies for nationwide adoption, which might serve to improve cooperation between the large and small enterprises for the overall benefit of the South African tourism industry, thereby forming sustainable linkages between the dominant large enterprises and the smaller, blackowned tourism SMMEs.
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Community perceptions of the economic impacts of ecotourism in Cameroon

- Harilal, Vyasha, Tichaawa, Tembi M.

Community perceptions on the socio-economic impacts of wildlife tourism from the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in Botswana : the case of Tsabong

- Lekgau, Refiloe Julia, Tichaawa, Tembi M.

Good, better, best practise – a comparative analysis of official destination websites

- Louw, Candice

  • Authors: Louw, Candice
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: E-tourism , Tourism websites , Official destination websites
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/259378 , uj:27289 , Citation: Louw, C. 2017. Good, better, best practise – a comparative analysis of official destination websites. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(3):1-13. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: The uplifting financial impact that tourism may have on local and global economies of scale has resulted in tourists becoming a highly sought-after commodity capable of turning almost any tourism destination and its attractions into thriving exports. With the rapid evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the introduction of smart technologies in particular, however, tourism has become not only more accessible, but arguably also more competitive with an online, try-before-you-buy tourism experience now becoming a reality. Subsequently, the battle is no longer for top offline destination only, but also for online destination of choice. An opportunity thus exists for Official Destination Websites (ODWs) to take advantage of these, and additional opportunities, to enhance a prospective tourist’s online, pre-tourism experience. By analysing seven of the world’s most popular destinations’ capital city ODWs, we come to realise that ODWs have become an integrated, rather than independent, part of facilitating tourism. As such, the importance of developing, implementing and maintaining an ODW to increase the likelihood of a possible tourist conversion from mere browser to buyer is highlighted. Finally, the similarities and differences between the analysed ODWs are also listed in an attempt to guide prospective tourism destinations in their endeavour to establish a new ODW, as well as allowing destinations with an existing ODW to possibly implement improvements.
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The digital disruption of virtual reality and the future of the steel roller coaster : an initial industry analysis

- Louw, Candice, Louw, Brenda Lotriet

  • Authors: Louw, Candice , Louw, Brenda Lotriet
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Digital disruption , Virtual reality , Roller coaster
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/276349 , uj:29569 , Citation: Louw, C. & Louw, B.L. 2018. The digital disruption of virtual reality and the future of the steel roller coaster : an initial industry analysis. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: In the overlapping realms of digital design, engineering, tourism/leisure and thrill seeking, roller coasters are sought after attractions capable of drawing millions of visitors to amusement and theme parks located all over the world. More recently (from 2015) however, numerous new and existing roller coasters have been retrofitted to accommodate a Virtual Reality (VR) experience overlay – evidence of the infiltration of the digital disruption in yet another industry. Subsequently, in this paper, we firstly endeavour to examine the global footprint of the European Steel Roller Coaster Industry (ESRCI) as an export of the European economic region, while secondly, determining to what extent Virtual Reality (VR) has already infiltrated the industry. As a result, an exploratory study was conducted to identify the operational roller coasters of 23 European-based steel roller coaster manufacturers, also noting the country in which each roller coaster is operating. The results were used to establish a global footprint of the ESRCI, while an indication is also given to whether any of these manufacturers’ operational roller coasters have already been retrofitted with VR. Initial findings confirm that although the concept of the VR enhanced roller coaster is still fairly new (introduced in 2015), the effects are already wide spread with 8 of the 23 ESRC manufacturers having been affected by VR additions to one or more of their operational roller coasters within the 3 year time frame (2015 – 2017). While VR product development and integration strategies are still in the early stages, as it currently stands, VR is identified as a key role player and complementary technology for further consideration in the roller coaster industry going forward. Moreover, by adopting a manufacturer and industry centric point of view on the subject matter, this paper provides a point of departure for examining the current usage and trends of VR in the ESRCI, which may be transferrable to the roller coaster and amusement industries at large. This, in turn, may advance future discourse in the understanding of whether VR poses a threat to new roller coaster infrastructure development, is a complimentary asset to existing roller coaster infrastructure or is merely a passing fad.
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Airport Wi-Fi service delivery and monetisation strategies – an international perspective

- Louw, Candice

  • Authors: Louw, Candice
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Airports , Air travel , Free Wi-Fi
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/398881 , uj:33226 , Citation: Louw, C. 2019. Airport Wi-Fi Service Delivery and Monetisation Strategies – an International Perspective. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(5):1-8. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: With internet connectivity becoming an important enabler to knowledge sharing, information access and communication, free Wi-Fi offerings are becoming more prevalent not only in a business context, but also in a leisure context. When looking at the tourism industry in particular, airports are often the point of embarkation and debarkation for very many data hungry travellers that are operating outside of their service provider’s jurisdiction. In both the case of the business and leisure traveller, free Wi-Fi offerings have become crucial to ensuring their further mobility. As a result, this research analyses the approaches taken by a selection of international airports spanning Africa, Europe, the Middle East and North America in delivering free Wi-Fi on their premises. The typical approaches taken in order to monetize this high frequency, high demand service are subsequently identified, also noting whether end user Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is collected in the process. Initial findings from the selection of 25 airports from 15 countries indicate that advertising based revenue models, premium (upgraded at a cost) internet service business models, as well as sponsor/third party internet service provision business models are most popular when it comes to airport Wi-Fi service delivery and monetisation. Overall, unique user identification (by means of collecting PII) to make use of these free Wi-Fi services at airports is required by 9 out of 25 (36%) airports, indicating that while Wi-Fi is still regarded as a high-value resource in certain jurisdictions (most notably in South Africa), liberalisation of access is becoming a global reality. The results of this study may be used not only by other airports, but also other high frequency tourist destinations, innovation hubs, entrepreneurial co-working spaces etc., who wish to introduce their own free Wi-Fi services or to diversify their existing revenue streams.
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Employees’ perceptions of food waste management in hotels

- Mabaso, Cynthia H., Hewson, D. S.

  • Authors: Mabaso, Cynthia H. , Hewson, D. S.
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Food waste , Hotels , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/387864 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/285542 , uj:30883 , Citation: Mabaso, C.H. & Hewson, D.S. 2018. Employees’ perceptions of food waste management in hotels. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: This study was designed to explain current food waste practices, specifically from the perspective of the staff in hotel kitchens. A case study of the perceptions of the staff involved in the food waste chain in a hotel group in Gauteng was undertaken, using a quantitative approach. The study objective was achieved using structured questionnaires that were administered to the relevant stakeholders involved in food waste generation. The findings revealed that the staff concerned generally had a positive perception of the environmental issues pertaining to food waste generation. With this positive foundation, the study recommends that general hotel initiatives should focus on the food waste policies and procedures that capitalise on the positive perceptions involved, by means of assisting staff to create greater balance between their beliefs and work practices. Initiatives such as specific training could assist the staff to better understand ‘best food waste practice’ in relation to such negotiated sustainability issues as “social, environmental and financial policies and procedures”. The study proposes a conceptual framework that could be useful and applicable in the managing of food waste within hotels in the South African context. The study, further, offers insights into the current food waste strategies that are in place to reduce the amount of food waste within hotels and to further unpack the nature and patterns of food waste within specific hotels.
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Stakeholders’ assessments of tourism policy and product development in Zimbabwe

- Makoni, Logistic, Tichaawa, Tembi M.

Residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards urban tourism product offerings in Harare, Zimbabwe

- Makoni, Logistic, Tichaawa, Tembi M.

  • Authors: Makoni, Logistic , Tichaawa, Tembi M.
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Residents , Tourism product offerings , Urban tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/381064 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/248434 , uj:25825 , Citation: Makoni, L. & Tichaawa, T.M. 2017. Residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards urban tourism product offerings in Harare, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(4):1-15. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: The main objective of the study in this article was to evaluate the perceptions of some Harare residents on urban tourism product offerings, particularly with regards to the current state of tourism product offerings and their contribution to the residents’ livelihoods. A questionnaire technique was used to meet the objective of the study, in which the residents’ perceptions were measured on a five-point Likert scale. A total of 246 respondents were interviewed, with the findings proving that their perceptions about tourism offerings were generally negative. The results show that the highest perception score was for the item “the current tourism policy of Harare allows for the residents to engage in tourism activities” (2.72), whereas the lowest perception score was for the item “I am happy with the current quality of tourism offerings in Harare” (1.88). With regards to the results, the study concludes that there could be a lack of STD, which is considered an overall objective of tourism development, and this raises concerns in relation to the well-being of the residents in Harare. With regard to the results, the study identified the ZTA as the main stakeholder with the mandate to address such issues identified in the study, in which three recommendations were put forward: (1) To formulate a tourism policy that promotes effective community involvement; (2) to promote local investment in tourism, which could serve to attract the community members and to boost their participation in tourism activities; and (3) to promote domestic tourism to the residents in such a way as to change how the residents perceive tourism offerings in the country.
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Sustainability management and tourism impacts on communities : residents’ attitudes in Maun and Tshabong, Botswana

- Manwa, Haretsebe, Saarinen, Jarkko, Atlhopheng, Julius R., Hambira, Wame L.

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