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Efficacy of plastic shopping bag tax as a governance tool : lessons for South Africa from Irish and Danish success stories

- Muphoshi, Asphat, Mpinganjira, Mercy, Wait, Marius

Efficacy of plastic shopping bag tax as a governance tool : lessons for South Africa from Irish and Danish success stories

- Muposhi, Asphat, Mpinganjira, Mercy, Wait, Marius

  • Authors: Muposhi, Asphat , Mpinganjira, Mercy , Wait, Marius
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Single-use plastic bags , Plastic bag tax , Circular economy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/483486 , uj:43881 , Citation: Muposhi, A., Mpinganjira, M. & Wait, M. 2021. Efficacy of plastic shopping bag tax as a governance tool: Lessons for South Africa from Irish and Danish success stories.
  • Description: Abstract: Orientation: The negative environmental effects of single-use plastic shopping bags have prompted national governments to implement interventions to curtail their use. Plastic bag tax is gaining prominence as a single-use plastic shopping bag governance tool in several jurisdictions. Research purpose: The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of plastic shopping bag tax as a governance tool in South Africa by drawing lessons from Ireland and Denmark success stories. Motivation for the study: This study contributes to the evolving debate on managing plastic bag litter with the objective of proffering long-term plastic bag litter management strategies. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative case study methodology was employed in this study. South Africa, Ireland and Denmark qualified as units of analysis. A case study was appropriate for this study as it allowed for an in-depth, context specific analysis of the implementation of plastic bag tax. Document analysis in form of government and environmental reports was used to collected data. Thematic content analysis, which employed an inductive approach was used to analyse data. Main findings: Stakeholder acceptance, importance of a baseline assessment, proper tax governance, the necessity of continuously monitoring and enforcing the tax emerged as critical success factors. Practical/managerial implications: Consumer education, regular reviews, extended producer responsibility tax and improved transparency in the use of tax revenue are recommended as best practices to promote effective plastic bag tax implementation. Contribution/value-add: Effectiveness of the plastic bag tax should be assessed based on changes on volumes of plastic bag consumed, environmental quality and acceptance of the tax by key stakeholders such as manufacturers, retailers and consumers. Promotion of a circular economy in which discarded plastic bags can be reused for energy generation is recommended as a sustainable option.
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Evaluating the experience of students as actors in a people intensive service delivery system

- Stiehler-Mulder, Beate, Wait, Marius

  • Authors: Stiehler-Mulder, Beate , Wait, Marius
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Students , South Africa , Service design
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/406636 , uj:34196 , Citation: Stiehler-Mulder, B., Wait, M. 2019 : Evaluating the experience of students as actors in a people intensive service delivery system.
  • Description: Abstract : South Africa’s higher education landscape has gone through some turbulent waters of late. Students play a fundamental role in this intensive university service delivery system. This study’s aim was to evaluate students’ needs, frustrations, challenges, experiences and emotions as actors within a people intensive higher education service delivery system. It places the student as the center of the service design approach and highlights several areas of exploration wherein students are actors within the system. The study adopted a qualitative approach. Several group interviews were conducted with students. The collected data was analysed using an inductive content analysis approach. The main results indicated that overall the students’ experience and emotions are positive, albeit a few areas of improvement is needed. Students need extra attention during their first year of study and some of the service departments need improvement. The contributions of this study are on the practical implementation of an improved service design and eliminating these service gaps.
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Exploring factors that determine effective fuel loyalty programmes in South Africa, an emerging economy

- Wait, Marius, Lekhuleni, Nonsikelelo

Factors influencing use of non-plastic reusable shopping bags : a cognitive-normative-habitual approach

- Muposhi, Asphat, Mpinganjira, Mercy, Wait, Marius

Influence of personal value orientations on pro-environmental behaviour : a case of green shopping bags

- Muposhi, Asphat, Mpinganjira, Mercy, Wait, Marius

Investigating knowledge gained and workplace implementation of work‐integrated learning in the graduate’s workplace

- Wait, Marius

  • Authors: Wait, Marius
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Work‐integrated learning (WIL) , knowledge gained , WIL implementation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/283716 , uj:30609 , Citation: Wait, M. 2018. Investigating knowledge gained and workplace implementation of work‐integrated learning in the graduate’s workplace.
  • Description: Abstract: Orientation: Interest in work‐integrated learning is growing in the higher education agenda and is widely considered significant in getting graduates ready for the working environment. Motivation for the study: This study investigated whether graduates gained knowledge from workintegrated learning projects and whether this knowledge was implemented in the workplace. The graduates’ experience and understanding of work‐integrated learning was also analysed. Research design, approach and method: This research paper used ten questionnaires with open ended questions and a qualitative approach. The opinions of working graduates were utilised in the deductive content analysis. Main findings: The results indicate that the graduates have gained knowledge and are able to implement their learning successfully – gained from their work‐integrated learning project in their relevant disciplines – in the workplace.
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Investigating retention and workplace implementation of board game learning in employee development

- Wait, Marius, Frazer, Mariette

Managing work integrated learning strengths, opportunities and risks in the emerging South African environment

- Govender, Cookie M., Wait, Marius

  • Authors: Govender, Cookie M. , Wait, Marius
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Work integrated learning (WIL) , WIL project , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244448 , uj:25277 , Citation: Govender, C.M. & Wait, M. 2017. Managing work integrated learning strengths, opportunities and risks in the emerging South African environment.
  • Description: Abstract: It is critical for the current rapidly changing education, government and business environments that training providers provide practical application to enhance theoretical learning in education, training and development programs. There is a need for effective and efficient work integrated learning (WIL) project leaders who aim to develop future-fit graduate or employee skills and competencies. Empirical research was conducted to identify, confirm and present the strengths, opportunities and risks (weaknesses and threats) in WIL projects in the emerging South African context. The qualitative research method entailed a classical two round Delphi technique and inductive content analysis. The key findings reveal that WIL project strengths include gaining a competitive advantage, forging industry partnerships and creating employment opportunities. Key weaknesses include the lack of a WIL project strategy, having limited skills and a lack of marketing competencies. Key opportunities include enhancing a diverse range of skills, creating new markets and further study with WIL. A key threat is the changing landscape. The theoretical contribution of this study is that it adds to the body of knowledge on WIL projects in South Africa, Africa and other developing economies. The research contribution is the use of the Delphi technique to gain validated consensus on WIL project management criteria. The practical contribution lies in the WIL SWOT matrix that can be utilized by WIL project leaders, managers and administrators to effectively and efficiently evaluate their WIL and other education, training and development projects.
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SWOT criteria for the strategic evaluation of work integrated learning projects

- Wait, Marius, Govender, Cookie

  • Authors: Wait, Marius , Govender, Cookie
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Work integrated learning (WIL); WIL project; WIL evaluation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/397711 , uj:33069 , Citation : Wait, M. 2019. SWOT criteria for the strategic evaluation of work integrated learning projects , https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2018.1457965
  • Description: Abstract : Work integrated learning (WIL) is an integral part of the curriculum in tertiary educational institutions. WIL project leaders require a strategy to evaluate the success of WIL projects. This paper reports on evaluation criteria used in assessing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) identified in WIL projects. This multi-qualitative research was conducted to determine and confirm the SWOT criteria deemed significant for WIL project evaluation. Feedback was collated from 12 WIL specialists, representing the major higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa. The Delphi technique and inductive content analysis formed the basis of the research method. The key finding revealed that the strengths of WIL projects should be evaluated by measuring how well the WIL project maintains a competitive advantage and has a strong financial budget. Major weaknesses of a WIL project are a lack of strategic direction and the HEI’s lack of sound academic offerings and reputation.
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The effect of board game learning on adult learners’ mood states towards financial training

- Wait, Marius, Frazer, Mariette

The effectiveness of board game learning as an educational tool in employee development

- Wait, Marius, Frazer, Mariette

  • Authors: Wait, Marius , Frazer, Mariette
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Board game learning , Employee development , Game based learning
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244445 , uj:25276 , Citation: Wait, M. & Frazer, M. 2017. The effectiveness of board game learning as an educational tool in employee development.
  • Description: Abstract: Board games as an educational tool in the development of employees are an underutilised instrument. It is one of many interventions used in employee development, but its effectiveness has not been widely studied by academia. Company executives often have preconceived ideas about this form of education but need to consider including board game learning (BGL) into employee development as it creates a big business picture in a practical, interactive way. This qualitative study explored the opinions of employees after a board game was introduced into their curriculum. Two group interviews were conducted and the content of this transcribed data was subjected to deductive content analysis. The results indicated definite success as the employees were both entertained and educated. This educational tool has proven its success in employee development, a serious consideration for company executives.
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The rivalry between online and direct selling – Is there a winner?

- Wait, Marius

Transdisciplinary student validation of a multi-stakeholder work integrated learning model

- Govender, Cookie, Wait, Marius

  • Authors: Govender, Cookie , Wait, Marius
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Multi-stakeholder , Student , Transdisciplinary
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/278177 , uj:29846 , Citation: Govender, C. & Wait, M. 2018. Transdisciplinary student validation of a multi-stakeholder work integrated learning model.
  • Description: Abstract: Work integrated learning (WIL) is designed to align theory to practice, expose future graduates to the workplace, and enable business and government to engage in a triple helix partnership, viewing future talent, advertising their employer brand, and meeting their organisational and national targets. Stakeholders in any WIL model or strategy include students, educators, business and government. Students are key stakeholders and should be consulted on the effectiveness of the model or strategy used. Empirical mixed-method research was conducted to determine whether and why students, as key WIL stakeholders, validated their WIL model. A single instrument was used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data in focus group sessions. The data were analysed abductively to include both inductive and deductive analysis. The findings reveal that most of the participants validated the Multi-Stakeholder WIL Model implemented in their study programme. Furthermore, most of the students validated all the phases and processes in the model, indicating that they found the model comprehensive, simple to implement and likely to be effective in providing them with a successful WIL experience. This validated model could be of benefit to all WIL stakeholders, especially educators, and the research method used to validate the model could benefit WIL project leaders. The study contributes to theory by adding to the body of knowledge on WIL, especially in Africa and South Africa. The research contribution is the single-instrument mixed method used to gather rigorous, rich data. The practical contribution is the awareness and strategy that managers and leaders can utilise in managing their WIL projects.
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