COVID-19 and the cancellation of 2020 Two Oceans Marathon, Cape Town, South Africa
- Swart, Kamilla, Maralack, David
- Authors: Swart, Kamilla , Maralack, David
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Two Oceans Marathon , COVID-19 , Stakeholder engagement
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/442578 , uj:38612 , Swart, K., Maralack, D. 2020: COVID-19 and the cancellation of 2020 Two Oceans Marathon, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: , The Two Oceans Marathon, hosted annually in Cape Town, is a premier ultra-marathon in Africa and globally. The 51st edition scheduled for 8–11 April 2020 however three weeks prior it was announced that the event would be cancelled. The decision to cancel was not a popular one and given all the stakeholders involved it was also challenging. Drawing on primary and secondary data, this paper considers factors leading to the decision to cancel, stakeholder engagement and associated organizational and socio-economic impacts. Primary data included key informant interviews with the race director and stakeholders. The findings reveal that the last minute decision to cancel came at a huge cost to the event amidst growing uncertainty, however it is still viewed as the right decision. Regarding lessons learned, race organizers highlighted critical areas including process changes and stakeholder management. A more comprehensive risk management approach is also required.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Swart, Kamilla , Maralack, David
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Two Oceans Marathon , COVID-19 , Stakeholder engagement
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/442578 , uj:38612 , Swart, K., Maralack, D. 2020: COVID-19 and the cancellation of 2020 Two Oceans Marathon, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: , The Two Oceans Marathon, hosted annually in Cape Town, is a premier ultra-marathon in Africa and globally. The 51st edition scheduled for 8–11 April 2020 however three weeks prior it was announced that the event would be cancelled. The decision to cancel was not a popular one and given all the stakeholders involved it was also challenging. Drawing on primary and secondary data, this paper considers factors leading to the decision to cancel, stakeholder engagement and associated organizational and socio-economic impacts. Primary data included key informant interviews with the race director and stakeholders. The findings reveal that the last minute decision to cancel came at a huge cost to the event amidst growing uncertainty, however it is still viewed as the right decision. Regarding lessons learned, race organizers highlighted critical areas including process changes and stakeholder management. A more comprehensive risk management approach is also required.
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Economic impacts of the touring ventures sub-category of the Mzanzi Golden Economy Programme in South Africa
- Swart, Kamilla, Bob, Urmilla, Nkambule, Sizwe, Gumede, Amanda
- Authors: Swart, Kamilla , Bob, Urmilla , Nkambule, Sizwe , Gumede, Amanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: The Mzansi Golden Economy (MGE) , South Africa , Touring Ventures
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277032 , uj:29669 , Citation: Swart, K. et al. 2018. Economic impacts of the touring ventures sub-category of the Mzanzi Golden Economy Programme in South Africa. E u r o E c o n o m i c a, 1(37):90-103. , ISSN: 1582-8859
- Description: Abstract: Abstract: The Mzansi Golden Economy (MGE) began in 2011 in response to the Department of Arts and Culture’s assertion that the biggest challenge facing South Africa is unemployment and the arts, culture and heritage sector is well positioned to contribute to addressing this challenge as the “new gold” has the potential to increase economic growth and create jobs in South Africa. However, limited research empirically examines the economic impacts of this sector. The aim of this study is to investigate the economic impacts of Touring Ventures supported by the MGE programme during the past three years. Challenges in undertaking economic assessments are also noted. The methodological approach was interviews with 38 purposively chosen Touring Ventures. Data was analysed in relation to employment and job creation, amongst other economic aspects. The results indicate that there is a high reliance on public funding. There are a number of new entrants to the sector which suggests that the MGE is creating opportunities for more cultural events/ activities to be held in South Africa, contributing to the objective of supporting the arts. There is also job creation linked to Touring Ventures, albeit mostly temporary. However, historically disadvantaged groups and locals are benefitting which provides opportunities for livelihoods and skills development. The implication of the study is that the economic potential of Touring Ventures is evident, however, there are sustainability concerns. This type of study is important given that public funds are used to support the arts and cultural sector in South Africa.
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- Authors: Swart, Kamilla , Bob, Urmilla , Nkambule, Sizwe , Gumede, Amanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: The Mzansi Golden Economy (MGE) , South Africa , Touring Ventures
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277032 , uj:29669 , Citation: Swart, K. et al. 2018. Economic impacts of the touring ventures sub-category of the Mzanzi Golden Economy Programme in South Africa. E u r o E c o n o m i c a, 1(37):90-103. , ISSN: 1582-8859
- Description: Abstract: Abstract: The Mzansi Golden Economy (MGE) began in 2011 in response to the Department of Arts and Culture’s assertion that the biggest challenge facing South Africa is unemployment and the arts, culture and heritage sector is well positioned to contribute to addressing this challenge as the “new gold” has the potential to increase economic growth and create jobs in South Africa. However, limited research empirically examines the economic impacts of this sector. The aim of this study is to investigate the economic impacts of Touring Ventures supported by the MGE programme during the past three years. Challenges in undertaking economic assessments are also noted. The methodological approach was interviews with 38 purposively chosen Touring Ventures. Data was analysed in relation to employment and job creation, amongst other economic aspects. The results indicate that there is a high reliance on public funding. There are a number of new entrants to the sector which suggests that the MGE is creating opportunities for more cultural events/ activities to be held in South Africa, contributing to the objective of supporting the arts. There is also job creation linked to Touring Ventures, albeit mostly temporary. However, historically disadvantaged groups and locals are benefitting which provides opportunities for livelihoods and skills development. The implication of the study is that the economic potential of Touring Ventures is evident, however, there are sustainability concerns. This type of study is important given that public funds are used to support the arts and cultural sector in South Africa.
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Methodological challenges in assessing the economic impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa : reflections from a piloting project
- Bob, Urmilla, Swart, Kamilla, Ngalawa, Harold, Nzimande, Ntokozo
- Authors: Bob, Urmilla , Swart, Kamilla , Ngalawa, Harold , Nzimande, Ntokozo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT) , Operation Phakisa , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277025 , uj:29668 , Citation: Bob, U. et al. 2018. Methodological challenges in assessing the economic impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa : reflections from a piloting project. E u r o E c o n o m i c a, 1(37):202-2017. , ISSN: 1582-8859
- Description: Abstract: Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT), as part of the oceans economy, offers significant development opportunities that can contribute to job creation and sustainability. However, there are limited national and international best practices to assess the economic impacts of CMT. The aim of this study was to reflect on experiences from a piloting exercise that was undertaken to inform the development of a framework to assess the economic contribution of CMT to South Africa’s tourism sector. Previous studies, focus on contextualising Operation Phakisa, examining CMT globally and in South Africa, and highlighting economic contributions identified in selected CMT case studies (including the economic models generally used). Drawing on the review of existing studies as well as discussions with key economic experts, a framework for a pilot study to assess the economic impacts of CMT in South Africa was developed. Supply (coastal and marine tourism business owners, accommodation establishments, tour operators and restaurants and retail outlets) and demand (clients/ tourists/ users) side data collection surveys were piloted. The reflections and experiences from the piloting reveal challenges such as the unwillingness of supply side stakeholders to participate, lack of access to locations to undertake research, inability to access databases with contact details of supply side stakeholders, lengthy surveys and quality of information in relation to specific questions. The implications of the piloting is that the Input-Output model and Tourism Satellite Account is the most appropriate economic approach for the South African context. The value of this article is that it is important to focus on demand side data collection and ensure streamlined data collection tools and processes.
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- Authors: Bob, Urmilla , Swart, Kamilla , Ngalawa, Harold , Nzimande, Ntokozo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT) , Operation Phakisa , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277025 , uj:29668 , Citation: Bob, U. et al. 2018. Methodological challenges in assessing the economic impacts of Coastal and Marine Tourism in South Africa : reflections from a piloting project. E u r o E c o n o m i c a, 1(37):202-2017. , ISSN: 1582-8859
- Description: Abstract: Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT), as part of the oceans economy, offers significant development opportunities that can contribute to job creation and sustainability. However, there are limited national and international best practices to assess the economic impacts of CMT. The aim of this study was to reflect on experiences from a piloting exercise that was undertaken to inform the development of a framework to assess the economic contribution of CMT to South Africa’s tourism sector. Previous studies, focus on contextualising Operation Phakisa, examining CMT globally and in South Africa, and highlighting economic contributions identified in selected CMT case studies (including the economic models generally used). Drawing on the review of existing studies as well as discussions with key economic experts, a framework for a pilot study to assess the economic impacts of CMT in South Africa was developed. Supply (coastal and marine tourism business owners, accommodation establishments, tour operators and restaurants and retail outlets) and demand (clients/ tourists/ users) side data collection surveys were piloted. The reflections and experiences from the piloting reveal challenges such as the unwillingness of supply side stakeholders to participate, lack of access to locations to undertake research, inability to access databases with contact details of supply side stakeholders, lengthy surveys and quality of information in relation to specific questions. The implications of the piloting is that the Input-Output model and Tourism Satellite Account is the most appropriate economic approach for the South African context. The value of this article is that it is important to focus on demand side data collection and ensure streamlined data collection tools and processes.
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Repeat visitation to a host destination post a Sport Mega-event : South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World CupTM Legacy
- Moyo, Louis Grandgrind, Swart, Kamilla, Hattingh, Chris
- Authors: Moyo, Louis Grandgrind , Swart, Kamilla , Hattingh, Chris
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Repeat visitation , Sport mega-event , Football tourists
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/416393 , uj:35221 , Citation: Moyo, L.G., Swart, K., Hattingh, C. Repeat visitation to a host destination post a Sport Mega-event : South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World CupTM Legacy.
- Description: Abstract: , This study seeks to investigate if international football tourists who attended the 2010 FIFA World CupTM in South Africa had revisited since the country hosted the tournament. The study used a quantitative methodology to survey 391 football fans in France during the 2016 UEFA European Championship, using a spatially based systematic sampling technique. The key findings show that only a minority of the respondents had travelled to South Africa to spectate at the World Cup, while an overwhelming majority watched the tournament on television thus underscoring the role that sport mega-events play in showcasing the host destinations. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the 2010 mega-event led to repeat visits, albeit limited, to South Africa as well as to other African countries. More importantly, the majority of the respondents showed a willingness to travel to South Africa should it host future sport mega-events. These results imply that visitation to a host destination during a specific mega-event lead to sport tourists having intentions of repeat visitation within the context of attending another sport mega-event. The study provides empirical evidence of the repeat visitation legacy of the 2010 FIFA World CupTM and has wider applicability to sport mega-events legacy research and body of knowledge.
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- Authors: Moyo, Louis Grandgrind , Swart, Kamilla , Hattingh, Chris
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Repeat visitation , Sport mega-event , Football tourists
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/416393 , uj:35221 , Citation: Moyo, L.G., Swart, K., Hattingh, C. Repeat visitation to a host destination post a Sport Mega-event : South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World CupTM Legacy.
- Description: Abstract: , This study seeks to investigate if international football tourists who attended the 2010 FIFA World CupTM in South Africa had revisited since the country hosted the tournament. The study used a quantitative methodology to survey 391 football fans in France during the 2016 UEFA European Championship, using a spatially based systematic sampling technique. The key findings show that only a minority of the respondents had travelled to South Africa to spectate at the World Cup, while an overwhelming majority watched the tournament on television thus underscoring the role that sport mega-events play in showcasing the host destinations. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the 2010 mega-event led to repeat visits, albeit limited, to South Africa as well as to other African countries. More importantly, the majority of the respondents showed a willingness to travel to South Africa should it host future sport mega-events. These results imply that visitation to a host destination during a specific mega-event lead to sport tourists having intentions of repeat visitation within the context of attending another sport mega-event. The study provides empirical evidence of the repeat visitation legacy of the 2010 FIFA World CupTM and has wider applicability to sport mega-events legacy research and body of knowledge.
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Stakeholder perspectives of sport tourism development in Gabon – a case study of the Africa Cup of Nations
- Swart, Kamilla, Tichaawa, Tembi M., Othy, Joelle-Desiree Odounga, Daniels, Tracy
- Authors: Swart, Kamilla , Tichaawa, Tembi M. , Othy, Joelle-Desiree Odounga , Daniels, Tracy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sport tourism , Development , Sport events
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277039 , uj:29670 , Citation: Swart, K. et al. 2018. Stakeholder perspectives of sport tourism development in Gabon – a case study of the Africa Cup of Nations. E u r o E c o n o m i c a, 1(37):177-189.
- Description: Abstract: Abstract: Sport tourism, and sport tourism events in particular, have been identified as tools for developing nations to stimulate economic development and position themselves as tourist destinations within a global context. In this light, Libreville, Gabon hosted the 38th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) football tournament in 2012. Adding to the growing body of knowledge on the impacts of sport tourism and its development in developing nations, this research sought to explore stakeholder perspectives of sport tourism development in Libreville, Gabon, providing insights into lessons learned through the hosting of the AFCON event and identifying opportunities for the hosting of future mega-events, and for sport tourism development more broadly, in the region. To garner rich and in-depth data, the study employed the qualitative research design, conducting semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the fields of sport, events, tourism and hospitality. The interviews were then transcribed and data analysed by thematic analysis. Results of the study show that although the AFCON was successfully hosted in Libreville, in order to develop a sustainable sport tourism industry, issues of poor infrastructure, the high cost of tourism in Gabon, a shortage of skills and corruption within government organisations needs to be addressed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Swart, Kamilla , Tichaawa, Tembi M. , Othy, Joelle-Desiree Odounga , Daniels, Tracy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sport tourism , Development , Sport events
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277039 , uj:29670 , Citation: Swart, K. et al. 2018. Stakeholder perspectives of sport tourism development in Gabon – a case study of the Africa Cup of Nations. E u r o E c o n o m i c a, 1(37):177-189.
- Description: Abstract: Abstract: Sport tourism, and sport tourism events in particular, have been identified as tools for developing nations to stimulate economic development and position themselves as tourist destinations within a global context. In this light, Libreville, Gabon hosted the 38th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) football tournament in 2012. Adding to the growing body of knowledge on the impacts of sport tourism and its development in developing nations, this research sought to explore stakeholder perspectives of sport tourism development in Libreville, Gabon, providing insights into lessons learned through the hosting of the AFCON event and identifying opportunities for the hosting of future mega-events, and for sport tourism development more broadly, in the region. To garner rich and in-depth data, the study employed the qualitative research design, conducting semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the fields of sport, events, tourism and hospitality. The interviews were then transcribed and data analysed by thematic analysis. Results of the study show that although the AFCON was successfully hosted in Libreville, in order to develop a sustainable sport tourism industry, issues of poor infrastructure, the high cost of tourism in Gabon, a shortage of skills and corruption within government organisations needs to be addressed.
- Full Text:
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