Trend associations between economic growth and air transport in South Africa: an ecological and joinpoint regression analysis between 1993 and 2016
- Authors: Pisa, Noleen , Luke, Rose
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/270577 , uj:28762 , Citation: Pisa, N. & Luke, R. 2018. Trend associations between economic growth and air transport in South Africa: an ecological and joinpoint regression analysis between 1993 and 2016.
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the trend associations between air transport and economic growth in South Africa. Trends in air transport were assessed by calculating annual percentage changes using linear regression using joinpoint regression. In addition, the trend associations between GDP annual growth and airfreight, air transport passengers (numbers) and air transport carriers (number) were computed by plotting standardised trends. The results showed that airfreight increased between 1993 and 2016 although four distinct phases of increase and decreases were observed. This is the first study to investigate the associations between air transport and economic using ecological analysis and joinpoint regression in South Africa. The results of this study confirm an association between GDP and air transport and can be used as a basis of further investigation to justify future investments in air transport in South Africa.
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- Authors: Pisa, Noleen , Luke, Rose
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/270577 , uj:28762 , Citation: Pisa, N. & Luke, R. 2018. Trend associations between economic growth and air transport in South Africa: an ecological and joinpoint regression analysis between 1993 and 2016.
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the trend associations between air transport and economic growth in South Africa. Trends in air transport were assessed by calculating annual percentage changes using linear regression using joinpoint regression. In addition, the trend associations between GDP annual growth and airfreight, air transport passengers (numbers) and air transport carriers (number) were computed by plotting standardised trends. The results showed that airfreight increased between 1993 and 2016 although four distinct phases of increase and decreases were observed. This is the first study to investigate the associations between air transport and economic using ecological analysis and joinpoint regression in South Africa. The results of this study confirm an association between GDP and air transport and can be used as a basis of further investigation to justify future investments in air transport in South Africa.
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Investigating stock-outs in Johannesburg’s warehouse retail liquor sector
- Govind, Amit, Luke, Rose, Pisa, Noleen
- Authors: Govind, Amit , Luke, Rose , Pisa, Noleen
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/375192 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244580 , uj:25293 , Citation: Govind, A., Luke, R. & Pisa, N., 2017, ‘Investigating stock-outs in Johannesburg’s warehouse retail liquor sector’, Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management 11(0), a303. https://doi.org/10.4102/jtscm.v11i0.303
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate how management practices and processes contribute to stock-outs in the warehouse retail liquor sector in Johannesburg. Research design: A pragmatic research philosophy was used in a multi-case approach to determine the association between business management practices and stock-outs. The unit of analysis of the study is the highest turnover outlets. Findings: The results revealed that retailers base demand forecasting on judgement and naïve or simple moving average forecast methods. There is little consideration of variability, lead time or targeted customer service levels when determining optimal inventory levels. Product breakages are common, implying that data inaccuracies and stock-outs are highly probable. Information sharing between the retailers and suppliers is limited and formal collaboration programmes do not exist. The respondents revealed that frequent stock-outs resulted in poor business performance characterised by declining sales, customer retention and competitive advantage. Limitations: Although the sample selected represented a significant portion of the top 50% contributors to the sector’s sales, the sample is small and the focus of the study is limited, which decreases the generalisability of the results. Practical implications: Retailers can reduce stock-outs by investing in improvements in demand forecasting, synchronisation through collaboration and training of employees. Originality or value: This study provides empirical evidence of the linkages between poor management practices and processes, stock-outs, customer service and business performance.
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- Authors: Govind, Amit , Luke, Rose , Pisa, Noleen
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/375192 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/244580 , uj:25293 , Citation: Govind, A., Luke, R. & Pisa, N., 2017, ‘Investigating stock-outs in Johannesburg’s warehouse retail liquor sector’, Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management 11(0), a303. https://doi.org/10.4102/jtscm.v11i0.303
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate how management practices and processes contribute to stock-outs in the warehouse retail liquor sector in Johannesburg. Research design: A pragmatic research philosophy was used in a multi-case approach to determine the association between business management practices and stock-outs. The unit of analysis of the study is the highest turnover outlets. Findings: The results revealed that retailers base demand forecasting on judgement and naïve or simple moving average forecast methods. There is little consideration of variability, lead time or targeted customer service levels when determining optimal inventory levels. Product breakages are common, implying that data inaccuracies and stock-outs are highly probable. Information sharing between the retailers and suppliers is limited and formal collaboration programmes do not exist. The respondents revealed that frequent stock-outs resulted in poor business performance characterised by declining sales, customer retention and competitive advantage. Limitations: Although the sample selected represented a significant portion of the top 50% contributors to the sector’s sales, the sample is small and the focus of the study is limited, which decreases the generalisability of the results. Practical implications: Retailers can reduce stock-outs by investing in improvements in demand forecasting, synchronisation through collaboration and training of employees. Originality or value: This study provides empirical evidence of the linkages between poor management practices and processes, stock-outs, customer service and business performance.
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An analysis of impediments to deliver sustainable transport in cities of the developing countries : the case of Harare, Zimbabwe
- Mbara, Tatenda, Pisa, Noleen
- Authors: Mbara, Tatenda , Pisa, Noleen
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Urbanisation , Developing country , Sustainable urban transport
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289039 , uj:31353 , Citation: Mbara, T. & Pisa, N. 2018. An analysis of impediments to deliver sustainable transport in cities of the developing countries : the case of Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Africa is urbanizing at a rapid rate. The rapid rise in population coupled with constrained real economic growth has created unintended consequences impacting on the economy, social fabric and the environment. Ironically, as the urban population grows, the provision of services has declined. For instance, the formal public transport that was dominant in many African cities has disappeared. The twin factors of increasing population and the dearth of conventional public transport have stimulated the growth of informal public transport, which has become the major form of public transport in many countries. Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, exhibits these characteristics which are common in most cities. Public transport is the preserve of the informal sector. The informal public transport sector continues to grow and the city’s main urban public space is increasingly more congested; impeding rather than facilitating the urban population’s ability to access the required social and economic services. A clear mismatch between the demand for traffic space and its availability is evident. The need to provide a sustainable urban transport system cannot be overemphasised. Sustainability creates and maintains conditions under which society can cope and viably support livelihood requirements. The key stakeholders in Zimbabwe have agreed on the need to craft a sustainable urban transport system in Harare. Notwithstanding this agreement, there is no indication of addressing the challenges and the transport system is deteriorating. The paper assesses the impediments to the realisation of a sustainable urban transport system which is vital for economic growth.
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- Authors: Mbara, Tatenda , Pisa, Noleen
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Urbanisation , Developing country , Sustainable urban transport
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289039 , uj:31353 , Citation: Mbara, T. & Pisa, N. 2018. An analysis of impediments to deliver sustainable transport in cities of the developing countries : the case of Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Africa is urbanizing at a rapid rate. The rapid rise in population coupled with constrained real economic growth has created unintended consequences impacting on the economy, social fabric and the environment. Ironically, as the urban population grows, the provision of services has declined. For instance, the formal public transport that was dominant in many African cities has disappeared. The twin factors of increasing population and the dearth of conventional public transport have stimulated the growth of informal public transport, which has become the major form of public transport in many countries. Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, exhibits these characteristics which are common in most cities. Public transport is the preserve of the informal sector. The informal public transport sector continues to grow and the city’s main urban public space is increasingly more congested; impeding rather than facilitating the urban population’s ability to access the required social and economic services. A clear mismatch between the demand for traffic space and its availability is evident. The need to provide a sustainable urban transport system cannot be overemphasised. Sustainability creates and maintains conditions under which society can cope and viably support livelihood requirements. The key stakeholders in Zimbabwe have agreed on the need to craft a sustainable urban transport system in Harare. Notwithstanding this agreement, there is no indication of addressing the challenges and the transport system is deteriorating. The paper assesses the impediments to the realisation of a sustainable urban transport system which is vital for economic growth.
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Service innovation by industrial cluster formation and export promotion
- Pisa, Noleen, Grater, Sonja, Rossouw, Riaan
- Authors: Pisa, Noleen , Grater, Sonja , Rossouw, Riaan
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Service innovation , Industrial clusters , Export promotion
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/256734 , uj:26955 , Citation: Pisa, N., Grater, S. & Rossouw, R. 2017. Service innovation by industrial cluster formation and export promotion.
- Description: Abstract: Service innovation drives economic growth and structural change by stimulating the development of new sectors and productivity improvements in existing sectors. Resource based sectors are the main contributors to South Africa’s North West province’s economic output This paper illustrates how such a region can use industrial cluster formation and focused export promotion as a strategy to enhance service innovation. Four service clusters were identified within the above mentioned province through structural path analysis and power of pull methods. An export market selection model is applied to the identified service industrial clusters to reveal realistic export opportunities associated with each cluster. Finally, trade multipliers are used to show the spill-over benefits given an increase in the clusters’ exports. Policymakers can use these results to inform actions that may assist in the development of these services clusters to strengthen the province’s competitive advantage and diversify its output.
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- Authors: Pisa, Noleen , Grater, Sonja , Rossouw, Riaan
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Service innovation , Industrial clusters , Export promotion
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/256734 , uj:26955 , Citation: Pisa, N., Grater, S. & Rossouw, R. 2017. Service innovation by industrial cluster formation and export promotion.
- Description: Abstract: Service innovation drives economic growth and structural change by stimulating the development of new sectors and productivity improvements in existing sectors. Resource based sectors are the main contributors to South Africa’s North West province’s economic output This paper illustrates how such a region can use industrial cluster formation and focused export promotion as a strategy to enhance service innovation. Four service clusters were identified within the above mentioned province through structural path analysis and power of pull methods. An export market selection model is applied to the identified service industrial clusters to reveal realistic export opportunities associated with each cluster. Finally, trade multipliers are used to show the spill-over benefits given an increase in the clusters’ exports. Policymakers can use these results to inform actions that may assist in the development of these services clusters to strengthen the province’s competitive advantage and diversify its output.
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Time trends and associations between gross domestic product variations and transport service trade : evidence from South Africa
- Authors: Pisa, Noleen , Luke, Rose
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Exports , Imports , Transport services
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/275853 , uj:29490 , Citation: Pisa, N. & Luke, R. 2018. Time trends and associations between gross domestic product variations and transport service trade : evidence from South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The aim of the present paper is to analyse time trends in transport services trade and to determine associations between gross domestic product (GDP) growth and transport services trade for South Africa. Methods: Associations between economic growth assessed through GDP as primary exposure and transport services for both exports and imports are reported for South Africa. Four indicators were used to assess transport services trade namely; percentage of commercial service exports; percentage of commercial service imports); percentage of service exports, balance of payment (BoP)] and percentage of service imports, BoP). Regressions were computed using Joinpoint statistical software to assess overtime trends for both exports and imports for transport services between 1992 and 2016. Trends in transport exports and imports services were assessed by calculating annual percentage changes (APC) using linear regression: ratey b0+b1 y with log (ratey) being the natural log of transport services (% of commercial service exports) in year y for example. APC in these services are reported and discussed. Results: Significant decreases in transport service exports were observed between 1993 and 1997 (APC = -6.33 p-value <0.05) and 2011 and 2016 (APC = -4.18 p-value = <0.05). Additionally, non-significant percentage increases in transport services exports were observed between 1997 and 2001 (APC = 4.61) and 2004 and 2011 (APC = 2.3). Both a significant and non-significant increases in transport service imports was observed between 1993 and 2007 (APC =1.19 p-value <0.05) and 2010 and 2014 (APC=4.86) respectively. Additionally, nonsignificant percentage decreases in transport services imports were observed between 2007 and 2010 (APC=4.61) and 2014 and 2016 (APC=2.3). Though slightly different over time trends estimates in terms of the APC of observed for transports service exports and imports, BOP they were similar and comparable to commercial transport service exports and imports respectively. Overall, there was no correlation between GDP and transport service trade. Conclusion: This study indicates that despite good ranking on the quality of infrastructure in Africa, South Africa has been experiencing a deficit transport services trade overtime. In addition, the results show that transport services trade was not trend associated with GDP growth in the time reported in the current study, as various fluctuations were observed.
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- Authors: Pisa, Noleen , Luke, Rose
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Exports , Imports , Transport services
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/275853 , uj:29490 , Citation: Pisa, N. & Luke, R. 2018. Time trends and associations between gross domestic product variations and transport service trade : evidence from South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Aim: The aim of the present paper is to analyse time trends in transport services trade and to determine associations between gross domestic product (GDP) growth and transport services trade for South Africa. Methods: Associations between economic growth assessed through GDP as primary exposure and transport services for both exports and imports are reported for South Africa. Four indicators were used to assess transport services trade namely; percentage of commercial service exports; percentage of commercial service imports); percentage of service exports, balance of payment (BoP)] and percentage of service imports, BoP). Regressions were computed using Joinpoint statistical software to assess overtime trends for both exports and imports for transport services between 1992 and 2016. Trends in transport exports and imports services were assessed by calculating annual percentage changes (APC) using linear regression: ratey b0+b1 y with log (ratey) being the natural log of transport services (% of commercial service exports) in year y for example. APC in these services are reported and discussed. Results: Significant decreases in transport service exports were observed between 1993 and 1997 (APC = -6.33 p-value <0.05) and 2011 and 2016 (APC = -4.18 p-value = <0.05). Additionally, non-significant percentage increases in transport services exports were observed between 1997 and 2001 (APC = 4.61) and 2004 and 2011 (APC = 2.3). Both a significant and non-significant increases in transport service imports was observed between 1993 and 2007 (APC =1.19 p-value <0.05) and 2010 and 2014 (APC=4.86) respectively. Additionally, nonsignificant percentage decreases in transport services imports were observed between 2007 and 2010 (APC=4.61) and 2014 and 2016 (APC=2.3). Though slightly different over time trends estimates in terms of the APC of observed for transports service exports and imports, BOP they were similar and comparable to commercial transport service exports and imports respectively. Overall, there was no correlation between GDP and transport service trade. Conclusion: This study indicates that despite good ranking on the quality of infrastructure in Africa, South Africa has been experiencing a deficit transport services trade overtime. In addition, the results show that transport services trade was not trend associated with GDP growth in the time reported in the current study, as various fluctuations were observed.
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Causal relationship between air transport, tourism and economic Growth : joinpoint regression and granger causality analysis
- Authors: Pisa, Noleen
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Causality , Tourism , Economic growth
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/278217 , uj:29851 , Citation: Pisa, N. 2018. Causal relationship between air transport, tourism and economic Growth : joinpoint regression and granger causality analysis.
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study is twofold: to describe the overtime changes in trends and to investigate the causal relationship between air transport, tourism and economic growth for South Africa between 1995 and 2015. Using an ecological design, Joinpoint regressions tailed at p<0.05 were computed for each variable to determine annual percentage changes. Causality and co-integration were inferred through the Granger causality and the Johansen co-integration tests. Additionally, a vector auto-regressive model (VAR) was computed to test for linear inter-dependencies among the variables. Significant increases were observed for all variables between 1995 and 2015. The results of the stationary tests showed that that air transport variables were stationary the first differences while the tourism variables and GDP variables were stationary at second difference. Cointegration tests can be applied on series that are stationary at the same level. Therefore no further inference was made on the relationship between air transport variables and GDP. Both the cointegration and causality tests did not provide evidence of causality and long run relationships between GDP and tourism variables. However, a proportion of the variance in tourism expenditure and tourism receipts was shown to be explained by GDP through the VAR model. The results imply potential associations between tourism and GDP in South Africa.
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- Authors: Pisa, Noleen
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Causality , Tourism , Economic growth
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/278217 , uj:29851 , Citation: Pisa, N. 2018. Causal relationship between air transport, tourism and economic Growth : joinpoint regression and granger causality analysis.
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study is twofold: to describe the overtime changes in trends and to investigate the causal relationship between air transport, tourism and economic growth for South Africa between 1995 and 2015. Using an ecological design, Joinpoint regressions tailed at p<0.05 were computed for each variable to determine annual percentage changes. Causality and co-integration were inferred through the Granger causality and the Johansen co-integration tests. Additionally, a vector auto-regressive model (VAR) was computed to test for linear inter-dependencies among the variables. Significant increases were observed for all variables between 1995 and 2015. The results of the stationary tests showed that that air transport variables were stationary the first differences while the tourism variables and GDP variables were stationary at second difference. Cointegration tests can be applied on series that are stationary at the same level. Therefore no further inference was made on the relationship between air transport variables and GDP. Both the cointegration and causality tests did not provide evidence of causality and long run relationships between GDP and tourism variables. However, a proportion of the variance in tourism expenditure and tourism receipts was shown to be explained by GDP through the VAR model. The results imply potential associations between tourism and GDP in South Africa.
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Evaluating the nature of supply chain collaboration : a case study of imperial logistics
- Authors: Pisa, Noleen , Heyns, Gert
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Supply chain collaboration , Information flow , Collaboration networks
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/251747 , uj:26226 , Citation: Pisa, N. & Heyns, G. 2017. Evaluating the nature of supply chain collaboration : a case study of imperial logistics.
- Description: Abstract: Despite the increasing dependency by firms, on supply chain collaboration the establishment of formal collaborative relationships is still limited. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the nature of supply chain collaboration within Imperial Logistics using the case study approach. The results showed that the internal collaboration was well established in Imperial Logistics. Trust with partners tended to be limited resulting in limited warehouse information sharing. The collaborative networks were found to derive mutual benefits and risk sharing between the collaborative partners, particularly in the areas of establishment of long-term alliances with partners and performance measures. It is recommended that management invest in developing of tactical and strategic collaborative relationships and to invest in common information systems in order to derive greater benefits from collaboration as existing relationships seems to be arms’ length relationships.
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- Authors: Pisa, Noleen , Heyns, Gert
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Supply chain collaboration , Information flow , Collaboration networks
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/251747 , uj:26226 , Citation: Pisa, N. & Heyns, G. 2017. Evaluating the nature of supply chain collaboration : a case study of imperial logistics.
- Description: Abstract: Despite the increasing dependency by firms, on supply chain collaboration the establishment of formal collaborative relationships is still limited. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the nature of supply chain collaboration within Imperial Logistics using the case study approach. The results showed that the internal collaboration was well established in Imperial Logistics. Trust with partners tended to be limited resulting in limited warehouse information sharing. The collaborative networks were found to derive mutual benefits and risk sharing between the collaborative partners, particularly in the areas of establishment of long-term alliances with partners and performance measures. It is recommended that management invest in developing of tactical and strategic collaborative relationships and to invest in common information systems in order to derive greater benefits from collaboration as existing relationships seems to be arms’ length relationships.
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Associated economy- wide effects of transport and logistics clusters
- Authors: Pisa, Noleen
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Transport and logistics clusters , Economy-wide effects , Regional competitiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/404430 , uj:33916 , Citation: Pisa, N. 2019. Associated economy- wide effects of transport and logistics clusters. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 27(4), 1212–1226. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.27408-427
- Description: Abstract: Regional competitiveness can be improved by providing value-added services, such as transport and logistics services to both the local and global supply chains. Transport and logistics clusters have been shown to reduce trade transactions and to improve the efficiency of both local and international transactions. The aim of this study was to identify the sectors that comprise the transport and logistics cluster and to determine the cluster’s associated economywide effects. Using a cross-sectional study design, location-specific competitive advantages and economic multipliers associated with the clustering of transport and logistics companies were computed for the North-West Province (NWP) in South Africa. Findings illustrate that the transport and logistics cluster comprises seven sectors that associate positively with upstream and downstream multipliers in various sectors within the region. Additionally, the sectors in the cluster are relatively integrated and have high interlinkages. The cluster has potential for higher levels of integration once the cluster is strengthened. In the context of South Africa, this implies that transport and logistics cluster optimisation has a knock on effect on various industries including tourism as shown elsewhere. This study offers a unique econometric approach to identify and quantify the effects of transport and logistics clusters on regional competitiveness and provides practitioners and policy makers with insights into alternative strategies to enhance regional competitiveness and growth.
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- Authors: Pisa, Noleen
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Transport and logistics clusters , Economy-wide effects , Regional competitiveness
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/404430 , uj:33916 , Citation: Pisa, N. 2019. Associated economy- wide effects of transport and logistics clusters. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 27(4), 1212–1226. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.27408-427
- Description: Abstract: Regional competitiveness can be improved by providing value-added services, such as transport and logistics services to both the local and global supply chains. Transport and logistics clusters have been shown to reduce trade transactions and to improve the efficiency of both local and international transactions. The aim of this study was to identify the sectors that comprise the transport and logistics cluster and to determine the cluster’s associated economywide effects. Using a cross-sectional study design, location-specific competitive advantages and economic multipliers associated with the clustering of transport and logistics companies were computed for the North-West Province (NWP) in South Africa. Findings illustrate that the transport and logistics cluster comprises seven sectors that associate positively with upstream and downstream multipliers in various sectors within the region. Additionally, the sectors in the cluster are relatively integrated and have high interlinkages. The cluster has potential for higher levels of integration once the cluster is strengthened. In the context of South Africa, this implies that transport and logistics cluster optimisation has a knock on effect on various industries including tourism as shown elsewhere. This study offers a unique econometric approach to identify and quantify the effects of transport and logistics clusters on regional competitiveness and provides practitioners and policy makers with insights into alternative strategies to enhance regional competitiveness and growth.
- Full Text:
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