A comparative analysis of Donald Bradman and Steven Smith: what are their secrets?
- Authors: Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Biomechanics , Cricket , Performance
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/415459 , uj:35105 , Citation: Noorbhai H. A comparative analysis of Donald Bradman and Steven Smith: what are their secrets? BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2020;6:e000720. doi:10.1136/ bmjsem-2019-000720
- Description: Abstract: , There has been growing evidence on the batting backlift technique in cricket at varying levels of cricket ability and the way in which batsmen direct or manoeuvre their bat in various ways. Most recently, there has been elevated awareness and discussion around the technique of Steven Smith. To an extent, there has been some comparison and reference been made to Sir Donald Bradman. Both Donald Bradman and Steven Smith have exhibited techniques and movements at the crease which many regard as ‘unorthodox’ or ‘unnatural’. This paper compares each of the batting technique components of both batsmen. The paper describes that both Bradman and Smith held their bat with an open grip which allowed them to hit the ball in most scoring areas of the field. The most common element that both batsmen demonstrate is a backlift that is directed towards the gulley or point region, otherwise known as the rotary method of batting, which is contrary to most of the coaching literature. Future research would require objective measures on Steven Smith to fully understand the kinetics and kinematics associated with his batting technique. The variances of performance averages across other formats (one-day internationals and 20-20 cricket) must be noted.
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- Authors: Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Biomechanics , Cricket , Performance
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/415459 , uj:35105 , Citation: Noorbhai H. A comparative analysis of Donald Bradman and Steven Smith: what are their secrets? BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2020;6:e000720. doi:10.1136/ bmjsem-2019-000720
- Description: Abstract: , There has been growing evidence on the batting backlift technique in cricket at varying levels of cricket ability and the way in which batsmen direct or manoeuvre their bat in various ways. Most recently, there has been elevated awareness and discussion around the technique of Steven Smith. To an extent, there has been some comparison and reference been made to Sir Donald Bradman. Both Donald Bradman and Steven Smith have exhibited techniques and movements at the crease which many regard as ‘unorthodox’ or ‘unnatural’. This paper compares each of the batting technique components of both batsmen. The paper describes that both Bradman and Smith held their bat with an open grip which allowed them to hit the ball in most scoring areas of the field. The most common element that both batsmen demonstrate is a backlift that is directed towards the gulley or point region, otherwise known as the rotary method of batting, which is contrary to most of the coaching literature. Future research would require objective measures on Steven Smith to fully understand the kinetics and kinematics associated with his batting technique. The variances of performance averages across other formats (one-day internationals and 20-20 cricket) must be noted.
- Full Text:
A systematic review of the batting backlift technique in cricket
- Authors: Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Biomechanics , Performance analysis , Coaching
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/455349 , uj:40298 , Citation: Noorbhai, H. 2020. A systematic review of the batting backlift technique in cricket.
- Description: Abstract: There has been an extensive amount of research into the batting elements of cricket. However, there is limited research specifically on the batting backlift technique (BBT). Therefore, this review aims to provide an understanding and consensus of the BBT in cricket at varied skilled levels. A PRISMA flow chart revealed 38 studies that were reviewed (both coaching and scientific literature), which reported on the backlift in cricket. The databases searched were PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library and Sabinet. This review shows that the lateral batting backlift technique (LBBT) is a likely contributing factor to successful batsmanship at all levels of cricket ability (junior, adolescent, semi-professional, professional, international and former elite/successful cricketers). It was also found that coaching a LBBT to young batsmen may be challenging to teach, and therefore, further coaching models should be developed to assist cricket coaches. As much as a LBBT may be a contributing factor for success, there is still a need to answer a number of questions through further in-depth biomechanical investigations and through interventions that are more meticulous. A way forward for further research in this area of cricket batting is documented at the end of the review.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Biomechanics , Performance analysis , Coaching
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/455349 , uj:40298 , Citation: Noorbhai, H. 2020. A systematic review of the batting backlift technique in cricket.
- Description: Abstract: There has been an extensive amount of research into the batting elements of cricket. However, there is limited research specifically on the batting backlift technique (BBT). Therefore, this review aims to provide an understanding and consensus of the BBT in cricket at varied skilled levels. A PRISMA flow chart revealed 38 studies that were reviewed (both coaching and scientific literature), which reported on the backlift in cricket. The databases searched were PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library and Sabinet. This review shows that the lateral batting backlift technique (LBBT) is a likely contributing factor to successful batsmanship at all levels of cricket ability (junior, adolescent, semi-professional, professional, international and former elite/successful cricketers). It was also found that coaching a LBBT to young batsmen may be challenging to teach, and therefore, further coaching models should be developed to assist cricket coaches. As much as a LBBT may be a contributing factor for success, there is still a need to answer a number of questions through further in-depth biomechanical investigations and through interventions that are more meticulous. A way forward for further research in this area of cricket batting is documented at the end of the review.
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Comparison of body mass index and fat percentage criteria classification of 7–13 year-old rural boys in South Africa
- Van Gent, Maya, Pienaar, Anita, Noorbhai, Habib
- Authors: Van Gent, Maya , Pienaar, Anita , Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Anthropometry , Children , Body Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/457842 , uj:40642 , Citation: Van Gent, M., Pienaar, A. & Noorbhai, H. 2020. Comparison of body mass index and fat percentage criteria classification of 7–13 year-old rural boys in South Africa. , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02419-9
- Description: Abstract: Background: The aim of this paper was to investigate whether BMI and fat percentage classification criteria, would classify a sample of 7–13 year old boys from a rural background in similar nutritional categories. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a stratified random sampling included 601 rural boys (7–13 years old). Fat percentage criteria classification and BMI were calculated and compared. Maturity status, and age at peak height velocity (PHV) were indirectly determined. Statistical techniques included descriptive statistics, Pearson product correlation coefficients, the Kappa agreement test and the McNemar’s test. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: All age groups presented with statistically significant high correlations between BMI and fat percentage, and low to medium correlations between fat percentage and maturity age (MA). Measurement of agreement between BMI and fat percentage classifications showed poor to fair agreements for all age groups, with the exception of the eight-year old group which presented a moderate agreement. Conclusions: Classifications based on BMI and fat percentage, results in different classifications for the same population. Until further research has been done to determine the best classification for nutritional status, it is recommended that both classification methods be used for more accurate classification of nutritional status.
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- Authors: Van Gent, Maya , Pienaar, Anita , Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Anthropometry , Children , Body Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/457842 , uj:40642 , Citation: Van Gent, M., Pienaar, A. & Noorbhai, H. 2020. Comparison of body mass index and fat percentage criteria classification of 7–13 year-old rural boys in South Africa. , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02419-9
- Description: Abstract: Background: The aim of this paper was to investigate whether BMI and fat percentage classification criteria, would classify a sample of 7–13 year old boys from a rural background in similar nutritional categories. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a stratified random sampling included 601 rural boys (7–13 years old). Fat percentage criteria classification and BMI were calculated and compared. Maturity status, and age at peak height velocity (PHV) were indirectly determined. Statistical techniques included descriptive statistics, Pearson product correlation coefficients, the Kappa agreement test and the McNemar’s test. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: All age groups presented with statistically significant high correlations between BMI and fat percentage, and low to medium correlations between fat percentage and maturity age (MA). Measurement of agreement between BMI and fat percentage classifications showed poor to fair agreements for all age groups, with the exception of the eight-year old group which presented a moderate agreement. Conclusions: Classifications based on BMI and fat percentage, results in different classifications for the same population. Until further research has been done to determine the best classification for nutritional status, it is recommended that both classification methods be used for more accurate classification of nutritional status.
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Physical health status of Emergency Care providers in South Africa
- Mthombeni, Solomon, Coopoo, Yoga, Noorbhai, Habib
- Authors: Mthombeni, Solomon , Coopoo, Yoga , Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: ECPs , Workplace Interventions , Exercise
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/425974 , uj:36491 , Mthombeni, S., Coopoo, Y., Noorbhai, H.: Physical health status of Emergency Care providers in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Background: Emergency care providers (ECPs) have a physically, mentally, and emotionally demanding profession. Therefore, they are predisposed to cardiovascular and other non-communicable disease risk factors. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the physical health status of ECPs in the North West province of South Africa through a selected anthropometric and other health parameter test battery. Methods: Ninety-one ECPs (64 males, 27 females) took part in the study voluntarily for health screening tests including body mass index (BMI), lean body mass (LBM), resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure (BP), skinfold measurement, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and total cholesterol (TC). The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM). Results: The participants demonstrated a mean BMI of 28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 , body fat of 26 ± 7.6 %, and LBM of 58.6 ± 10 kg. Significant differences were seen in height (170.5 ± 6.2 vs. 160.7 ± 5.3 cm), BF% (22.5 ± 5.3 vs. 34.2 ± 6.2 %), and LBM (62.3 ± 8 vs. 49.2 ± 8.2 kg) between males and females (P≤0.05). Mean systolic BP was 122±15 mmHg, and diastolic BP was 81±10 mmHg. Mean WC was 90.8 ±11.4 cm. Other health parameters included mean FBG of 5.1±2.4 mmol/L and mean TC of 4.9±0.7 mmol/L. Significant differences were seen in WHR (0.88 ± 0.04 vs. 0.79 ± 0.06) between males and females (P ≤ 0.05)...
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- Authors: Mthombeni, Solomon , Coopoo, Yoga , Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: ECPs , Workplace Interventions , Exercise
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/425974 , uj:36491 , Mthombeni, S., Coopoo, Y., Noorbhai, H.: Physical health status of Emergency Care providers in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Background: Emergency care providers (ECPs) have a physically, mentally, and emotionally demanding profession. Therefore, they are predisposed to cardiovascular and other non-communicable disease risk factors. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the physical health status of ECPs in the North West province of South Africa through a selected anthropometric and other health parameter test battery. Methods: Ninety-one ECPs (64 males, 27 females) took part in the study voluntarily for health screening tests including body mass index (BMI), lean body mass (LBM), resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure (BP), skinfold measurement, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and total cholesterol (TC). The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM). Results: The participants demonstrated a mean BMI of 28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 , body fat of 26 ± 7.6 %, and LBM of 58.6 ± 10 kg. Significant differences were seen in height (170.5 ± 6.2 vs. 160.7 ± 5.3 cm), BF% (22.5 ± 5.3 vs. 34.2 ± 6.2 %), and LBM (62.3 ± 8 vs. 49.2 ± 8.2 kg) between males and females (P≤0.05). Mean systolic BP was 122±15 mmHg, and diastolic BP was 81±10 mmHg. Mean WC was 90.8 ±11.4 cm. Other health parameters included mean FBG of 5.1±2.4 mmol/L and mean TC of 4.9±0.7 mmol/L. Significant differences were seen in WHR (0.88 ± 0.04 vs. 0.79 ± 0.06) between males and females (P ≤ 0.05)...
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The backlift techniques of cricketers in the Indian Premier League: batting implications for the shorter format
- Authors: Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Batsmen , Biomechanics , Battling backlift technique
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/415477 , uj:35107 , Citation: Noorbhai, H. (2020). The backlift techniques of cricketers in the Indian Premier League: batting implications for the shorter format. International Sports Studies, 42(1), 47– 60. doi:10.30819/ iss.42-1.05
- Description: Abstract: , Cricket batting is a complex movement which can be broken down into a number of components such as the grip, stance, initial movement, backlift, downswing and followthrough. The batting backlift technique (BBT) is an important component of the overall batting technique, when the batsman lifts the bat in preparation for the downswing when impact is made with the ball. Research has demonstrated that the BBT appears to be a key contributing factor to successful batsmanship. For the purpose of this study, video footage of players from the Indian Premier League (IPL) season was analysed (n = 30). This was used to identify the type of BBT employed by the batsmen at the moment the bowler released the ball. The number of players using a lateral batting backlift technique (LBBT) (n = 27) was significantly greater than those using a straight batting backlift technique (SBBT) (χ2 = 19.2, df = 1, p < 0.001). The results showed that 90% of the top performing IPL batsmen during the 2016 season did not adopt the traditionally taught SBBT. Instead, they adopted a more looped action in which the movement of the bat at the moment the bowler released the ball was in the direction of the slips (i.e.: the fielders positioned at an angle behind the batsmen). From this study, it can be postulated that a LBBT is a key contributing factor for batting success, at least in the shorter version of the game, as represented by T20 cricket. It is suggested that in order to score at a rapid rate, as required in T20 games, a LBBT is more effective for batsmen (particularly for presenting an open face of the bat), whereas a SBBT, which is a more a defensive action, may be more suitable for use in the more extended Test match version of the game.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Noorbhai, Habib
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Batsmen , Biomechanics , Battling backlift technique
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/415477 , uj:35107 , Citation: Noorbhai, H. (2020). The backlift techniques of cricketers in the Indian Premier League: batting implications for the shorter format. International Sports Studies, 42(1), 47– 60. doi:10.30819/ iss.42-1.05
- Description: Abstract: , Cricket batting is a complex movement which can be broken down into a number of components such as the grip, stance, initial movement, backlift, downswing and followthrough. The batting backlift technique (BBT) is an important component of the overall batting technique, when the batsman lifts the bat in preparation for the downswing when impact is made with the ball. Research has demonstrated that the BBT appears to be a key contributing factor to successful batsmanship. For the purpose of this study, video footage of players from the Indian Premier League (IPL) season was analysed (n = 30). This was used to identify the type of BBT employed by the batsmen at the moment the bowler released the ball. The number of players using a lateral batting backlift technique (LBBT) (n = 27) was significantly greater than those using a straight batting backlift technique (SBBT) (χ2 = 19.2, df = 1, p < 0.001). The results showed that 90% of the top performing IPL batsmen during the 2016 season did not adopt the traditionally taught SBBT. Instead, they adopted a more looped action in which the movement of the bat at the moment the bowler released the ball was in the direction of the slips (i.e.: the fielders positioned at an angle behind the batsmen). From this study, it can be postulated that a LBBT is a key contributing factor for batting success, at least in the shorter version of the game, as represented by T20 cricket. It is suggested that in order to score at a rapid rate, as required in T20 games, a LBBT is more effective for batsmen (particularly for presenting an open face of the bat), whereas a SBBT, which is a more a defensive action, may be more suitable for use in the more extended Test match version of the game.
- Full Text:
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