Process intensification of zinc oxide leaching process using sulphuric acid
- Napo, P., Ntuli, Freeman, Muzenda, Edison, Mollagee, Mansoor
- Authors: Napo, P. , Ntuli, Freeman , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Leaching , Zinc oxide ores
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4705 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10948
- Description: This study investigated methods of intensifying the leaching of zinc oxide ore using sulphuric acid for the improvement of zinc recovery. The factors that were investigated in this study were agitation speed, acid concentration and the feeding mechanism of reactants into the reactor (batch and semi-batch processes). Analysis of the elemental composition of the ore was performed using XRF prior to leaching and an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used to determine the amount of zinc recovered. The results obtained, showed that increasing the acid concentration results in a significant increase zinc recovery...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Napo, P. , Ntuli, Freeman , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Leaching , Zinc oxide ores
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4705 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10948
- Description: This study investigated methods of intensifying the leaching of zinc oxide ore using sulphuric acid for the improvement of zinc recovery. The factors that were investigated in this study were agitation speed, acid concentration and the feeding mechanism of reactants into the reactor (batch and semi-batch processes). Analysis of the elemental composition of the ore was performed using XRF prior to leaching and an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used to determine the amount of zinc recovered. The results obtained, showed that increasing the acid concentration results in a significant increase zinc recovery...
- Full Text:
Kinetics study of ammonia removal from synthetic waste water
- Muzenda, Edison, Kabuba, John, Ntuli, Freeman, Mollagee, Mansoor
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Kabuba, John , Ntuli, Freeman , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Ammonium exchange , Langmuir isotherm , Clinoptilolite , Synthetic waste water
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4698 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10933
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate ammonium exchange capacity of natural and activated clinoptilolite from Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the clinoptilolite contained exchangeable ions of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. This analysis also confirmed that the zeolite sample had a high silicon composition compared to aluminium. Batch equilibrium studies were performed in an orbital shaker and the data fitted the Langmuir isotherm very well. The ammonium exchange capacity was found to increase with pH and temperature. Clinoptilolite functionalization with hydrochloric acid increased its ammonia uptake ability.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Kabuba, John , Ntuli, Freeman , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Ammonium exchange , Langmuir isotherm , Clinoptilolite , Synthetic waste water
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4698 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10933
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate ammonium exchange capacity of natural and activated clinoptilolite from Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the clinoptilolite contained exchangeable ions of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. This analysis also confirmed that the zeolite sample had a high silicon composition compared to aluminium. Batch equilibrium studies were performed in an orbital shaker and the data fitted the Langmuir isotherm very well. The ammonium exchange capacity was found to increase with pH and temperature. Clinoptilolite functionalization with hydrochloric acid increased its ammonia uptake ability.
- Full Text:
Influence of residence time and fine grinding on PGMS recovery and grade using a float characteristic test rig
- Muzenda, Edison, Kabuba, John, Ntuli, Freeman, Mollagee, Mansoor
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Kabuba, John , Ntuli, Freeman , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Float characteristic test rig , Platinum group metals
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4683 , ISBN 978-93-82242-15-4 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10458
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Kabuba, John , Ntuli, Freeman , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Float characteristic test rig , Platinum group metals
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4683 , ISBN 978-93-82242-15-4 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10458
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
Cu (II) removal from synthetic waste water by ion exchange process
- Muzenda, Edison, Kabuba, John, Ntuli, Freeman, Mollagee, Mansoor, Mulaba-Bafubiandi, Antoine F.
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Kabuba, John , Ntuli, Freeman , Mollagee, Mansoor , Mulaba-Bafubiandi, Antoine F.
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Clinoptilolite , Ion exchange , Synthetic waste water , Waste water treatment , Heavy metals - Removal
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4708 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10953
- Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of acid activated South Africa clinoptilolite as an adsorbent in the ion-exchange process for the removal of cations from aqueous solutions. The kinetic parameters affecting the adsorption of Cu (II) ions were studied. The adsorption of Cu (II) from synthetic waste water was found to be dependent on pH, temperature, contact time and initial adsorbate concentration. The pH was varied from 2.5 to 6 and the optimum pH for Cu (II) removal was found to be 4.0. The removal of Cu (II) ions increased with time and attained saturation in about 60-70 min. The equilibrium data showed that the adsorption was endothermic nature. Kinetics data showed that at higher temperatures, the rate of adsorption is higher for the clinoptilolite natural zeolite and that Langmuir equation successfully described the adsorption process.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Kabuba, John , Ntuli, Freeman , Mollagee, Mansoor , Mulaba-Bafubiandi, Antoine F.
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Clinoptilolite , Ion exchange , Synthetic waste water , Waste water treatment , Heavy metals - Removal
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4708 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10953
- Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of acid activated South Africa clinoptilolite as an adsorbent in the ion-exchange process for the removal of cations from aqueous solutions. The kinetic parameters affecting the adsorption of Cu (II) ions were studied. The adsorption of Cu (II) from synthetic waste water was found to be dependent on pH, temperature, contact time and initial adsorbate concentration. The pH was varied from 2.5 to 6 and the optimum pH for Cu (II) removal was found to be 4.0. The removal of Cu (II) ions increased with time and attained saturation in about 60-70 min. The equilibrium data showed that the adsorption was endothermic nature. Kinetics data showed that at higher temperatures, the rate of adsorption is higher for the clinoptilolite natural zeolite and that Langmuir equation successfully described the adsorption process.
- Full Text:
Phase equilibrium of volatile organic compounds in silicon oil using the UNIFAC procedure : an estimation
- Muzenda, Edison, Simate, Geoffrey S., Belaid, Mohamed, Ntuli, Freeman, Mollagee, Mansoor
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Simate, Geoffrey S. , Belaid, Mohamed , Ntuli, Freeman , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Phase equilibrium , Thermodynamic models , Volatile organic compounds , Polydimethylsiloxane , Silicon oil
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4699 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10934
- Description: This paper focuses on the phase equilibrium of volatile organic compounds in silicon oil chemically known as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) at infinite dilution. Measurements can be expensive and time consuming, hence the need for thermodynamic models which allow the calculation of the phase equilibrium behavior using a limited number of experimental data. The objective of this study was to predict infinite dilution activity coefficients of selected VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in PDMS using the Original UNIFAC model. The predicted results show that PDMS can be used to abate volatile organic compounds from contaminated air streams. The results obtained in this work are comparable to those obtained by the same authors through measurements such as the static headspace and the dynamic gas liquid chromatographic techniques as well as other literature. Although the UNIFAC group contribution method over estimate the infinite dilution activity coefficients, the results of this work may be applied in preliminary phases of process design, simulation and feasibility studies.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Simate, Geoffrey S. , Belaid, Mohamed , Ntuli, Freeman , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Phase equilibrium , Thermodynamic models , Volatile organic compounds , Polydimethylsiloxane , Silicon oil
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4699 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10934
- Description: This paper focuses on the phase equilibrium of volatile organic compounds in silicon oil chemically known as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) at infinite dilution. Measurements can be expensive and time consuming, hence the need for thermodynamic models which allow the calculation of the phase equilibrium behavior using a limited number of experimental data. The objective of this study was to predict infinite dilution activity coefficients of selected VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in PDMS using the Original UNIFAC model. The predicted results show that PDMS can be used to abate volatile organic compounds from contaminated air streams. The results obtained in this work are comparable to those obtained by the same authors through measurements such as the static headspace and the dynamic gas liquid chromatographic techniques as well as other literature. Although the UNIFAC group contribution method over estimate the infinite dilution activity coefficients, the results of this work may be applied in preliminary phases of process design, simulation and feasibility studies.
- Full Text:
Reflecting on waste management strategies for South Africa
- Muzenda, Edison, Belaid, Mohamed, Mollagee, Mansoor, Motampane, Ntemi, Ntuli, Freeman
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Belaid, Mohamed , Mollagee, Mansoor , Motampane, Ntemi , Ntuli, Freeman
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Waste management - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4710 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10956
- Description: The energy crisis, global warming and a cleaner environment are arguably amongst the most pressing issues at present facing modern society. Before devising a suitable strategy to convert a proportion of the waste into useful product, categorization of waste types is of great significance to any more detailed study. The population of the world continues to grow, as does the average standard of living, increasing demand for food, water and energy which places increasing pressure on the environment. This paper attempts to parameterize waste generation within a South African context in order provide a theoretical foundation for such work to take place. Organic materials, which includes wood, leaves, grass, food, paper, plastic, cotton, synthetic fabrics, sewage sludge, animal remains, bacteria, any carbohydrates or hydrocarbons. These are all materials sent to landfills (with the exception of metal, ceramics and glass). The Gauteng province was chosen for this preliminary study as it constituted 42% of SA’s waste in 2010 making it by far the country’s biggest waste generator. The types of waste that were particularly targeted in lieu of the downstream research endeavoured were medical waste, plastics, tyres and sewage sludge.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Muzenda, Edison , Belaid, Mohamed , Mollagee, Mansoor , Motampane, Ntemi , Ntuli, Freeman
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Waste management - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4710 , ISSN 2078-0966 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10956
- Description: The energy crisis, global warming and a cleaner environment are arguably amongst the most pressing issues at present facing modern society. Before devising a suitable strategy to convert a proportion of the waste into useful product, categorization of waste types is of great significance to any more detailed study. The population of the world continues to grow, as does the average standard of living, increasing demand for food, water and energy which places increasing pressure on the environment. This paper attempts to parameterize waste generation within a South African context in order provide a theoretical foundation for such work to take place. Organic materials, which includes wood, leaves, grass, food, paper, plastic, cotton, synthetic fabrics, sewage sludge, animal remains, bacteria, any carbohydrates or hydrocarbons. These are all materials sent to landfills (with the exception of metal, ceramics and glass). The Gauteng province was chosen for this preliminary study as it constituted 42% of SA’s waste in 2010 making it by far the country’s biggest waste generator. The types of waste that were particularly targeted in lieu of the downstream research endeavoured were medical waste, plastics, tyres and sewage sludge.
- Full Text:
Effect of moisture quantity on non-distillation oil extraction from SCG using methanol
- Mojapelo, Nancy, Mollagee, Mansoor, Muzenda, Edison, Mguni, Liberty L
- Authors: Mojapelo, Nancy , Mollagee, Mansoor , Muzenda, Edison , Mguni, Liberty L
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Oil extraction , Methanol , Hexane , Spent coffee grounds
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4902 , ISSN 2349-1442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12997
- Description: Oil was extracted from spent coffee grounds using methanol. Methanol is not a popular solvent for oil extraction because of its toxicity but it is ideal for biodiesel production. The SCG was determined to contain 17.1 % wt% oil by extraction using hexane for 16h. The highest oil extraction 8.5 wt% was observed on a dry sample at a separation temperature of 25 ˚C representing only 50% recovery. Oil extraction was observed to depend on separation temperature and SCG water quantity. The extracted oil was characterised by a number of methods. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed no difference in functional groups between hexane and methanol extracted oil. The Refractive Index (RI) results also suggested similarity in fatty acid chain length for oils extracted by these solvent. However, it was observed that oil extracted by hexane had higher amounts of FFA compared to methanol extracted oil.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mojapelo, Nancy , Mollagee, Mansoor , Muzenda, Edison , Mguni, Liberty L
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Oil extraction , Methanol , Hexane , Spent coffee grounds
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4902 , ISSN 2349-1442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12997
- Description: Oil was extracted from spent coffee grounds using methanol. Methanol is not a popular solvent for oil extraction because of its toxicity but it is ideal for biodiesel production. The SCG was determined to contain 17.1 % wt% oil by extraction using hexane for 16h. The highest oil extraction 8.5 wt% was observed on a dry sample at a separation temperature of 25 ˚C representing only 50% recovery. Oil extraction was observed to depend on separation temperature and SCG water quantity. The extracted oil was characterised by a number of methods. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed no difference in functional groups between hexane and methanol extracted oil. The Refractive Index (RI) results also suggested similarity in fatty acid chain length for oils extracted by these solvent. However, it was observed that oil extracted by hexane had higher amounts of FFA compared to methanol extracted oil.
- Full Text:
Non-distillation oil extraction from SCG using ethanol Propan ropan-2-ol
- Mabona, Nomfundo, Muzenda, Edison, Mollagee, Mansoor, Mguni, Liberty L
- Authors: Mabona, Nomfundo , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor , Mguni, Liberty L
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Ethanol , Propanol , Spent coffee grounds , Oil extraction
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4904 , ISSN 2349-1442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13002
- Description: Non-distillation oil extraction is a process whereby the step required to distillate the solvent (alcohol) to recover residual oil and by-products is eliminated. This is achieved by cooling the extraction products such that oil and some by-products become immiscible and they separate from the alcohol. The effect of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)/solvent ratio on non-distillation oil recovery was investigated. It was observed that recovery increased with an increase in ratio for both solvents, ethanol and propanol. The effect of separation temperature was also investigated and it was observed that the highest recovery was achieved at 15 oC. Generally it was observed that propanol recovery for non-distillation extraction was higher than that of ethanol. The main fatty acids present in the SCG oil were found to be palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C 18:0) and linoleic acid (18:2). Unsaponification values obtained for non-distillation extracted oil were 6.8 and 8.3% for ethanol and propanol respectively. These values are comparable with those of refined oil.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mabona, Nomfundo , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor , Mguni, Liberty L
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Ethanol , Propanol , Spent coffee grounds , Oil extraction
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4904 , ISSN 2349-1442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13002
- Description: Non-distillation oil extraction is a process whereby the step required to distillate the solvent (alcohol) to recover residual oil and by-products is eliminated. This is achieved by cooling the extraction products such that oil and some by-products become immiscible and they separate from the alcohol. The effect of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)/solvent ratio on non-distillation oil recovery was investigated. It was observed that recovery increased with an increase in ratio for both solvents, ethanol and propanol. The effect of separation temperature was also investigated and it was observed that the highest recovery was achieved at 15 oC. Generally it was observed that propanol recovery for non-distillation extraction was higher than that of ethanol. The main fatty acids present in the SCG oil were found to be palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C 18:0) and linoleic acid (18:2). Unsaponification values obtained for non-distillation extracted oil were 6.8 and 8.3% for ethanol and propanol respectively. These values are comparable with those of refined oil.
- Full Text:
Thermodynamics of Cu (II) adsorption onto South African clinoptilolite from synthetic solution by ion exchange process.
- Kabuba, John, Ntuli, Freeman, Muzenda, Edison, Mollagee, Mansoor
- Authors: Kabuba, John , Ntuli, Freeman , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Clinoptilolite , Adsorption , Thermodynamics , Langmuir isotherm
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6250 , ISSN 2010-4618 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8194
- Description: The adsorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution onto clinoptilolite from synthetic solutions by ion exchange was investigated. The effects of solution pH and temperature were examined. The Langmuir isotherm model was employed to calculate the different thermodynamics parameters. Thermodynamics studies revealed that the adsorption behavior of Cu (II) ions onto clinoptilolite was a spontaneous and endothermic process, resulting in higher adsorption capacities at higher temperatures.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kabuba, John , Ntuli, Freeman , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Clinoptilolite , Adsorption , Thermodynamics , Langmuir isotherm
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6250 , ISSN 2010-4618 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8194
- Description: The adsorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution onto clinoptilolite from synthetic solutions by ion exchange was investigated. The effects of solution pH and temperature were examined. The Langmuir isotherm model was employed to calculate the different thermodynamics parameters. Thermodynamics studies revealed that the adsorption behavior of Cu (II) ions onto clinoptilolite was a spontaneous and endothermic process, resulting in higher adsorption capacities at higher temperatures.
- Full Text:
Merafong City and Randfontein municipalities community perspectives on waste management
- Ginindza, Bongekile, Mollagee, Mansoor, Muzenda, Edison, Pilusa, Jefrey
- Authors: Ginindza, Bongekile , Mollagee, Mansoor , Muzenda, Edison , Pilusa, Jefrey
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Solid waste management - South Africa - Merafong City , Solid waste management - South Africa - Randfontein
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4956 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13056
- Description: Solid waste management (SWM) in Merafong City and Randfontein local municipalities in South Africa is a challenge that manifests itself in illegal dumpsites and unhealthy environment. In this study we set to address the Merafong City and Randfontein municipalities’ community participation and perspectives on waste management, minimization and utilization. The study objectives were achieved by using a triangulation method. This procedure included personal interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The study also looks at households and community partnerships such as waste buy-back centers. These community partnerships promote and support the emergence of small, medium and micro recycling enterprises [1]. These partnerships also focus on sustainable waste management such as reduction of scavenging at landfill sites as well as promoting collaboration between the public and private sector. This study encourages communication among all stakeholders and integration for effective solid waste management in low- income communities.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ginindza, Bongekile , Mollagee, Mansoor , Muzenda, Edison , Pilusa, Jefrey
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Solid waste management - South Africa - Merafong City , Solid waste management - South Africa - Randfontein
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4956 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13056
- Description: Solid waste management (SWM) in Merafong City and Randfontein local municipalities in South Africa is a challenge that manifests itself in illegal dumpsites and unhealthy environment. In this study we set to address the Merafong City and Randfontein municipalities’ community participation and perspectives on waste management, minimization and utilization. The study objectives were achieved by using a triangulation method. This procedure included personal interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The study also looks at households and community partnerships such as waste buy-back centers. These community partnerships promote and support the emergence of small, medium and micro recycling enterprises [1]. These partnerships also focus on sustainable waste management such as reduction of scavenging at landfill sites as well as promoting collaboration between the public and private sector. This study encourages communication among all stakeholders and integration for effective solid waste management in low- income communities.
- Full Text:
A comparison of waste lubricating oil treatment techniques
- Diphare, Motshumi J., Muzenda, Edison, Pilusa, Tsietsi J., Mollagee, Mansoor
- Authors: Diphare, Motshumi J. , Muzenda, Edison , Pilusa, Tsietsi J. , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Waste oil , Waste management , Waste lubricating oil
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364727 , uj:4967 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13068
- Description: Waste lubricating oil is a resource that cannot be disposed of randomly due to the presence of pollutants. In response to economic problems and environmental protection, there is a growing trend to regenerate and reuse waste lubricants [1]. The recovery techniques discussed in this paper are reprocessing, rerefining and incineration of waste lubricating oil. The major objective of this paper is to analyze and compare the regenerative technologies, thus creating the foundation for government, the private sector and other stakeholders in policy formation and selection of recovery techniques.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Diphare, Motshumi J. , Muzenda, Edison , Pilusa, Tsietsi J. , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Waste oil , Waste management , Waste lubricating oil
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364727 , uj:4967 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13068
- Description: Waste lubricating oil is a resource that cannot be disposed of randomly due to the presence of pollutants. In response to economic problems and environmental protection, there is a growing trend to regenerate and reuse waste lubricants [1]. The recovery techniques discussed in this paper are reprocessing, rerefining and incineration of waste lubricating oil. The major objective of this paper is to analyze and compare the regenerative technologies, thus creating the foundation for government, the private sector and other stakeholders in policy formation and selection of recovery techniques.
- Full Text:
A review of waste lubricating grease management
- Diphare, Motshumi J., Pilusa, Jefrey, Muzenda, Edison, Mollagee, Mansoor
- Authors: Diphare, Motshumi J. , Pilusa, Jefrey , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Waste lubricating grease , Waste management
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4930 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13030
- Description: This paper reviews the handling, disposal, treatment of waste lubricating grease as well as its environmental impact. Lubricants require careful disposal as they contain pollutants. In response to economic considerations and environmental protection, there is a growing trend of regeneration and reuse of waste lubricants. Accordingly, this work provides an overview on various ways of handling, disposal, treatment of waste grease and its associated environmental impacts. In addition to the fact that petroleum and crude oil are not inexhaustible resources, waste products from these resources present a hazard to human health and the environment. As such, proper management of waste lubricants is necessary to prevent the adverse environmental impacts. Efficient recycling of waste lubricants could help reduce environmental pollution.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Diphare, Motshumi J. , Pilusa, Jefrey , Muzenda, Edison , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Waste lubricating grease , Waste management
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4930 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13030
- Description: This paper reviews the handling, disposal, treatment of waste lubricating grease as well as its environmental impact. Lubricants require careful disposal as they contain pollutants. In response to economic considerations and environmental protection, there is a growing trend of regeneration and reuse of waste lubricants. Accordingly, this work provides an overview on various ways of handling, disposal, treatment of waste grease and its associated environmental impacts. In addition to the fact that petroleum and crude oil are not inexhaustible resources, waste products from these resources present a hazard to human health and the environment. As such, proper management of waste lubricants is necessary to prevent the adverse environmental impacts. Efficient recycling of waste lubricants could help reduce environmental pollution.
- Full Text:
Feasibility study for a castor oil extraction plant in South Africa
- Belaid, Mohamed, Muzenda, Edison, Mitilene, Getrude, Mollagee, Mansoor
- Authors: Belaid, Mohamed , Muzenda, Edison , Mitilene, Getrude , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Castor oil extraction
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4706 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10950
- Description: A feasibility study for the design and construction of a pilot plant for the extraction of castor oil in South Africa was conducted. The study emphasized the four critical aspects of project feasibility analysis, namely technical, financial, market and managerial aspects. The technical aspect involved research on existing oil extraction technologies, namely: mechanical pressing and solvent extraction, as well as assessment of the proposed production site for both short and long term viability of the project. The site is on the outskirts of Nkomazi village in the Mpumalanga province, where connections for water and electricity are currently underway, potential raw material supply proves to be reliable since the province is known for its commercial farming. The managerial aspect was evaluated based on the fact that the current producer of castor oil will be fully involved in the project while receiving training and technical assistance from Sasol Technology, the TSC and SEDA. Market and financial aspects were evaluated and the project was considered financially viable with a Net Present Value (NPV) of R2 731 687 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 18% at an annual interest rate of 10.5%. The payback time is 6years for analysis over the first 10 years with a net income of R1 971 000 in the first year. The project was thus found to be feasible with high chance of success while contributing to socio-economic development. It was recommended for lab tests to be conducted to establish process kinetics that would be used in the initial design of the plant.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Belaid, Mohamed , Muzenda, Edison , Mitilene, Getrude , Mollagee, Mansoor
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Castor oil extraction
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4706 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10950
- Description: A feasibility study for the design and construction of a pilot plant for the extraction of castor oil in South Africa was conducted. The study emphasized the four critical aspects of project feasibility analysis, namely technical, financial, market and managerial aspects. The technical aspect involved research on existing oil extraction technologies, namely: mechanical pressing and solvent extraction, as well as assessment of the proposed production site for both short and long term viability of the project. The site is on the outskirts of Nkomazi village in the Mpumalanga province, where connections for water and electricity are currently underway, potential raw material supply proves to be reliable since the province is known for its commercial farming. The managerial aspect was evaluated based on the fact that the current producer of castor oil will be fully involved in the project while receiving training and technical assistance from Sasol Technology, the TSC and SEDA. Market and financial aspects were evaluated and the project was considered financially viable with a Net Present Value (NPV) of R2 731 687 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 18% at an annual interest rate of 10.5%. The payback time is 6years for analysis over the first 10 years with a net income of R1 971 000 in the first year. The project was thus found to be feasible with high chance of success while contributing to socio-economic development. It was recommended for lab tests to be conducted to establish process kinetics that would be used in the initial design of the plant.
- Full Text:
- «
- ‹
- 1
- ›
- »