Green manufacturing/cleaner production in Zimbabwe : learning from Japanese experiences
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Environmental management - Zimbabwe , Green manufacturing - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5172 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14413
- Description: This paper discusses environmental issues in Africa and deals with the situation in Zimbabwe in more detail. Most people in Sub Saharan Africa live in the rural areas and make a living from agriculture and forest resources. In Zimbabwe, coal is the main source of energy in industry and in electricity production. Environmental management and green manufacturing (cleaner production) initiatives in the country have been limited. Three companies had been certified to ISO 14000 by June 1990. Green manufacturing assessments have been done in more than 80 companies.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Environmental management - Zimbabwe , Green manufacturing - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5172 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14413
- Description: This paper discusses environmental issues in Africa and deals with the situation in Zimbabwe in more detail. Most people in Sub Saharan Africa live in the rural areas and make a living from agriculture and forest resources. In Zimbabwe, coal is the main source of energy in industry and in electricity production. Environmental management and green manufacturing (cleaner production) initiatives in the country have been limited. Three companies had been certified to ISO 14000 by June 1990. Green manufacturing assessments have been done in more than 80 companies.
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ISO 14001 certification in Zimbabwe : experiences, problems and prospects
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Sustainable development - Zimbabwe , Environmental management - Zimbabwe , ISO 14001
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5194 , ISSN 1066-7938 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14437
- Description: The need for sustainable development has become paramount, whereby there is a need to satisfy the needs of today, without compromising the needs of tomorrow with the aim of improving the quality of life now and in future. Environmental management systems need to be integrated into the overall management systems in order for society to develop in a sustainable manner. ISO 14001 has the effective elements for such an environmental management system. It is systematic structured, effective and verifiable. This paper examines the implementation of ISO 14001 in Zimbabwe and the response from various organisations to standardisation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Sustainable development - Zimbabwe , Environmental management - Zimbabwe , ISO 14001
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5194 , ISSN 1066-7938 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14437
- Description: The need for sustainable development has become paramount, whereby there is a need to satisfy the needs of today, without compromising the needs of tomorrow with the aim of improving the quality of life now and in future. Environmental management systems need to be integrated into the overall management systems in order for society to develop in a sustainable manner. ISO 14001 has the effective elements for such an environmental management system. It is systematic structured, effective and verifiable. This paper examines the implementation of ISO 14001 in Zimbabwe and the response from various organisations to standardisation.
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Zimbabwe : an assessment of the electricity industry and what needs to be done
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Electric power production - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5228 , ISSN 1040-6190 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14571
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Electric power production - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5228 , ISSN 1040-6190 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14571
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
Bagasse energy cogeneration potential in the Zimbabwean sugar industry
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Bagasse - Zimbabwe , Energy cogeneration - Zimbabwe , Sugar trade - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5205 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14448
- Description: The cogeneration of steam and electricity has become the norm in the sugarcane industry worldwide. This process has been taken further to a stage where sugar companies can export a substantial amount of energy to the grid. Mauritius and Reunion Islands have implemented state of the art technology in bagasse energy cogeneration. It is on this basis that the potential for cogeneration in Zimbabwe’s sugar industry is being examined. The findings indicate that it is technically feasible to implement such a project. A full economic and financial feasibility study would still need to be done. Two plants of 105 MW each can be put in place, providing about 517 GWh of clean bagasse firm power to the Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Bagasse - Zimbabwe , Energy cogeneration - Zimbabwe , Sugar trade - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5205 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14448
- Description: The cogeneration of steam and electricity has become the norm in the sugarcane industry worldwide. This process has been taken further to a stage where sugar companies can export a substantial amount of energy to the grid. Mauritius and Reunion Islands have implemented state of the art technology in bagasse energy cogeneration. It is on this basis that the potential for cogeneration in Zimbabwe’s sugar industry is being examined. The findings indicate that it is technically feasible to implement such a project. A full economic and financial feasibility study would still need to be done. Two plants of 105 MW each can be put in place, providing about 517 GWh of clean bagasse firm power to the Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority.
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Electricity from bagasse in Zimbabwe
- Mbohwa, Charles, Fukuda, Shuichi
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles , Fukuda, Shuichi
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Electric power production - Zimbabwe , Energy cogeneration - Zimbabwe , Bagasse - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5203 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14446
- Description: Zimbabwe has suffered electrical power shortages resulting in electrical energy imports rising to between 40% and 50% of total energy needs. Electricity generation capacity has stagnated at around 2000 Megawatts (MWe) since 1985, when two thermal units totaling 440 MWe were completed at Hwange. The e.ective capacity is 1:75 GWe. The current plan is to increase capacity by installing 600 MWe at Hwange at a cost of at least US $ 600 million. Raising this level of capital is difficult hence over the last 15 years there has been a failure to increase capacity. This article is based on a study of bagasse cogeneration in Zimbabwe and Mauritius conducted over a two-year period
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- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles , Fukuda, Shuichi
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Electric power production - Zimbabwe , Energy cogeneration - Zimbabwe , Bagasse - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5203 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14446
- Description: Zimbabwe has suffered electrical power shortages resulting in electrical energy imports rising to between 40% and 50% of total energy needs. Electricity generation capacity has stagnated at around 2000 Megawatts (MWe) since 1985, when two thermal units totaling 440 MWe were completed at Hwange. The e.ective capacity is 1:75 GWe. The current plan is to increase capacity by installing 600 MWe at Hwange at a cost of at least US $ 600 million. Raising this level of capital is difficult hence over the last 15 years there has been a failure to increase capacity. This article is based on a study of bagasse cogeneration in Zimbabwe and Mauritius conducted over a two-year period
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Bagasse energy cogeneration in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Energy cogeneration - Zimbabwe , Bagasse - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5204 , ISSN 1019-6404 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14447
- Description: Zimbabwe has suffered electrical power shortages resulting in electrical energy imports rising to between 30% and 50% of total energy needs. Electricity generation capacity has stagnated at around 2000 Megawatts (MW) since 1985, when two thermal units totalling 440 MW were completed at Hwange. The current plan is to increase capacity by installing 600 MW at Hwange at a cost of US $ 900 million. Raising this level of capital is difficult and over the last 15 years there has been a failure to increase capacity. The article argues that promoting power investment in the sugar industry offers a bridging and realisable alternative for electricity generation in Zimbabwe.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Energy cogeneration - Zimbabwe , Bagasse - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5204 , ISSN 1019-6404 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14447
- Description: Zimbabwe has suffered electrical power shortages resulting in electrical energy imports rising to between 30% and 50% of total energy needs. Electricity generation capacity has stagnated at around 2000 Megawatts (MW) since 1985, when two thermal units totalling 440 MW were completed at Hwange. The current plan is to increase capacity by installing 600 MW at Hwange at a cost of US $ 900 million. Raising this level of capital is difficult and over the last 15 years there has been a failure to increase capacity. The article argues that promoting power investment in the sugar industry offers a bridging and realisable alternative for electricity generation in Zimbabwe.
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Environmental assessment of the citrus fruit production in Sicily using LCA
- Lo Giudice, A., Mbohwa, Charles, Clasadonte, M.T, Ingrao, C.
- Authors: Lo Giudice, A. , Mbohwa, Charles , Clasadonte, M.T , Ingrao, C.
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Citrus fruit industry - Italy - Sicily , Life cycle assessments - Italy - Sicily
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5193 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14436
- Description: Citrus production is one of the most important sectors of the Sicilian agriculture. In particular, Sicilian orange production is of the best quality producing mainly pigmented or blood oranges (cvv. Tarocco, Moro and Sanguinello). No other region in the Mediterranean area or on the American Continent produces, on a large scale, blood oranges.
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- Authors: Lo Giudice, A. , Mbohwa, Charles , Clasadonte, M.T , Ingrao, C.
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Citrus fruit industry - Italy - Sicily , Life cycle assessments - Italy - Sicily
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5193 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14436
- Description: Citrus production is one of the most important sectors of the Sicilian agriculture. In particular, Sicilian orange production is of the best quality producing mainly pigmented or blood oranges (cvv. Tarocco, Moro and Sanguinello). No other region in the Mediterranean area or on the American Continent produces, on a large scale, blood oranges.
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Comparative analysis of energy impacts of traditional and partly electronic environmental auditing.
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Electronic environmental auditing , Environmental auditing , ISO 14001 , Automotive industry - Japan
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5199 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14442
- Description: This paper does a comparative analysis and assessment of energy impacts of traditional and partly electronic ISO 14001 environmental management system auditing that using videoconferencing systems. The focus is on the Japanese automotive industry. The idea is to quantify the environmental impacts of auditing and resolve the important question on whether or not the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in environmental auditing reduces environmental impacts in ISO 14001 environmental management systems.
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- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Electronic environmental auditing , Environmental auditing , ISO 14001 , Automotive industry - Japan
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5199 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14442
- Description: This paper does a comparative analysis and assessment of energy impacts of traditional and partly electronic ISO 14001 environmental management system auditing that using videoconferencing systems. The focus is on the Japanese automotive industry. The idea is to quantify the environmental impacts of auditing and resolve the important question on whether or not the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in environmental auditing reduces environmental impacts in ISO 14001 environmental management systems.
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Life cycle assessment of the cement industry in Zimbabwe
- Mbohwa, Charles, Moyo, Sibusiso
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles , Moyo, Sibusiso
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Environmental impact analysis - Zimbabwe , Cement industries - Zimbabwe , Life cycle inventory assessments - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14425
- Description: This paper generates data that can be used to quantify total life cycle environmental impacts of cement production in Zimbabwe. Emissions of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides and solid waste occur. These have adverse effects on climate, global warming flora, fauna, water bodies and humans. Quantifyin these within a life cycle assessment framework at a local level provides data that can be used in other environmental impact assessment activities, where cement industries operate. A number of environmental metrics were obtained for the cement factories in Zimbabwe and form a basis for future work covering all cement plants.
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- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles , Moyo, Sibusiso
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Environmental impact analysis - Zimbabwe , Cement industries - Zimbabwe , Life cycle inventory assessments - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14425
- Description: This paper generates data that can be used to quantify total life cycle environmental impacts of cement production in Zimbabwe. Emissions of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides and solid waste occur. These have adverse effects on climate, global warming flora, fauna, water bodies and humans. Quantifyin these within a life cycle assessment framework at a local level provides data that can be used in other environmental impact assessment activities, where cement industries operate. A number of environmental metrics were obtained for the cement factories in Zimbabwe and form a basis for future work covering all cement plants.
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Life cycle energy analysis of environmental management reports in the Japanese automotive industry.
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Life cycle energy assessment , Environmental reporting , ISO 14001
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/386858 , uj:5206 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14458
- Description: This paper discusses the assessment and comparison of the life cycle energy impacts of paper-based and electronic environmental reports in the Japanese automotive industry. By January 2007, there were 129 031 ISO 14001 certified organisations and an additional 5389 certified to the European eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS). Energy use and the environmental burdens of environmental reporting by these companies, has grown and can no longer be ignored.
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- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Life cycle energy assessment , Environmental reporting , ISO 14001
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/386858 , uj:5206 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14458
- Description: This paper discusses the assessment and comparison of the life cycle energy impacts of paper-based and electronic environmental reports in the Japanese automotive industry. By January 2007, there were 129 031 ISO 14001 certified organisations and an additional 5389 certified to the European eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS). Energy use and the environmental burdens of environmental reporting by these companies, has grown and can no longer be ignored.
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Operating a railway system within a challenging environment : economic history and experiences of Zimbabwe’s national railways
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Railroads - Zimbabwe - History
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5208 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14460
- Description: This paper presents a historical background to the development of the railways in Zimbabwe and then discusses their current state. Besides being a landlocked country in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe has since 2000 been saddled with socio-economic and political challenges which have seen a decline in all economic indices, hence posing some challenges to its railways.
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- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Railroads - Zimbabwe - History
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5208 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14460
- Description: This paper presents a historical background to the development of the railways in Zimbabwe and then discusses their current state. Besides being a landlocked country in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe has since 2000 been saddled with socio-economic and political challenges which have seen a decline in all economic indices, hence posing some challenges to its railways.
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Using life cycle assessment to assess and identify improvements of the environmental impacts of the vehicle leaf spring
- Mbohwa, Charles, Ganyo, Biggie
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles , Ganyo, Biggie
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Life cycle assessment , Environmental impact assessment , Vehicle leaf springs
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5174 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14415
- Description: This paper discusses an application of the LCA methodology on the vehicle leaf spring, used on trucks, buses and trailers in Zimbabwe. A look at the whole life cycle of the spring from raw material extraction throug manufacturing, use, reuse and final disposal emphasizing the resource consumption, human health and ecosystem quality is done using standard LCA assessment methodology outlined in the ISO 14000 series. SIMAPRO 7 was used to assist in the LCA and also to reduce the complicated and rigorous manual calculations thus eliminating unnecessary errors and enhancing the quality of results obtained.
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- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles , Ganyo, Biggie
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Life cycle assessment , Environmental impact assessment , Vehicle leaf springs
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5174 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14415
- Description: This paper discusses an application of the LCA methodology on the vehicle leaf spring, used on trucks, buses and trailers in Zimbabwe. A look at the whole life cycle of the spring from raw material extraction throug manufacturing, use, reuse and final disposal emphasizing the resource consumption, human health and ecosystem quality is done using standard LCA assessment methodology outlined in the ISO 14000 series. SIMAPRO 7 was used to assist in the LCA and also to reduce the complicated and rigorous manual calculations thus eliminating unnecessary errors and enhancing the quality of results obtained.
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Bagasse energy cogeneration potential in the South African sugar industry
- Mashoko, L., Mbohwa, Charles, Kekana, M.
- Authors: Mashoko, L. , Mbohwa, Charles , Kekana, M.
- Date: 2008-08-06
- Subjects: Bagasse , Energy cogeneration , Sugar trade - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14418
- Description: The paper explores the potential energy cogeneration effect of bagasse in the South African sugar industry. At the present moment very few sugar mills are exporting surplus electricity generated to the national grid. There is a need to take advantage of the abundant bagasse that is produced from the sugar industry through more efficient combustion processes to co-generate process steam and electricity for the supply to the grid. The industry also needs to take advantage of available technologies to efficiently generate electricity from bagasse using high pressure steam boilers. Using the current available technology the industry has a potential to produce about 3000 GWh per year and this is about 1.3% of the current generating capacity in South Africa. This translates to a generating capacity of 343 MW. Application of Integrated gasification combined cycle can result in 11000 GWh and this is about 5% of the current generating capacity at Eskom. In terms of MW this is equivalent to a generating capacity of 1255 MW. The other benefit derived from cogeneration is the1.619 kilo tonnes reduction in the use of coal which also translates to 2.84Mt of carbon dioxide. The cogeneration project will also improve the competitiveness of the sugar industry provided a viable price per KWh of electricity is agreed upon.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mashoko, L. , Mbohwa, Charles , Kekana, M.
- Date: 2008-08-06
- Subjects: Bagasse , Energy cogeneration , Sugar trade - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14418
- Description: The paper explores the potential energy cogeneration effect of bagasse in the South African sugar industry. At the present moment very few sugar mills are exporting surplus electricity generated to the national grid. There is a need to take advantage of the abundant bagasse that is produced from the sugar industry through more efficient combustion processes to co-generate process steam and electricity for the supply to the grid. The industry also needs to take advantage of available technologies to efficiently generate electricity from bagasse using high pressure steam boilers. Using the current available technology the industry has a potential to produce about 3000 GWh per year and this is about 1.3% of the current generating capacity in South Africa. This translates to a generating capacity of 343 MW. Application of Integrated gasification combined cycle can result in 11000 GWh and this is about 5% of the current generating capacity at Eskom. In terms of MW this is equivalent to a generating capacity of 1255 MW. The other benefit derived from cogeneration is the1.619 kilo tonnes reduction in the use of coal which also translates to 2.84Mt of carbon dioxide. The cogeneration project will also improve the competitiveness of the sugar industry provided a viable price per KWh of electricity is agreed upon.
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The energy and environmental impacts of a coal and Bagasse-fired power plant in the sugar industry
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Coal-fired power plants , Bagasse-fired power plants , Sugar trade - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5187 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14430
- Description: This paper presents a thermodynamic model of a proposed firm power plant co-fired with bagasse and coal under South African conditions. It proposes the energy conversion for a 2.5 million tonnes of sugarcane per year sugar factory and demonstrates that a power plant of up to 120 MW can be supported by such a facility. Carbon emissions are quantified and compared to a 120 MW coal only power plant, to establish expected environmental benefits. It demonstrates the technical feasibility of power plant development in the South African sugar industry and contributes to informed decisions on partly renewable energy power plants.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Coal-fired power plants , Bagasse-fired power plants , Sugar trade - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5187 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14430
- Description: This paper presents a thermodynamic model of a proposed firm power plant co-fired with bagasse and coal under South African conditions. It proposes the energy conversion for a 2.5 million tonnes of sugarcane per year sugar factory and demonstrates that a power plant of up to 120 MW can be supported by such a facility. Carbon emissions are quantified and compared to a 120 MW coal only power plant, to establish expected environmental benefits. It demonstrates the technical feasibility of power plant development in the South African sugar industry and contributes to informed decisions on partly renewable energy power plants.
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Cleaner production for environmental conscious manufacturing in the foundry industry
- Authors: Fore, S. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Environmental management , Foundries - Environmental aspects , Cleaner production
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5207 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14459
- Description: The purpose of the paper is to illustrate application of the cleaner production concept so as to incorporate environmental protection into business performance. The study analyses areas pertaining to the foundry industry that impact negatively on the environment leading to unsustainable resource utilisation and suggests options for promoting sustainable development within the industry, with specific focus on a foundry in a lower income country (LIC).
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- Authors: Fore, S. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Environmental management , Foundries - Environmental aspects , Cleaner production
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5207 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14459
- Description: The purpose of the paper is to illustrate application of the cleaner production concept so as to incorporate environmental protection into business performance. The study analyses areas pertaining to the foundry industry that impact negatively on the environment leading to unsustainable resource utilisation and suggests options for promoting sustainable development within the industry, with specific focus on a foundry in a lower income country (LIC).
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Humanitarian logistics : review and case study of Zimbabwean experiences
- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Humanitarian logistics - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14440
- Description: This paper reviews and presents findings on mini-case studies done on the difficulties and problems faced by humanitarian organisations in running logistics systems in Zimbabwe. Document analysis was done and this was complemented by mini-case studies and semi-structured interviews and site visits.
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- Authors: Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Humanitarian logistics - Zimbabwe
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14440
- Description: This paper reviews and presents findings on mini-case studies done on the difficulties and problems faced by humanitarian organisations in running logistics systems in Zimbabwe. Document analysis was done and this was complemented by mini-case studies and semi-structured interviews and site visits.
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LCA of the South African sugar industry
- Mashoko, Livison, Mbohwa, Charles, Thomas, Valerie M.
- Authors: Mashoko, Livison , Mbohwa, Charles , Thomas, Valerie M.
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sugar trade - South Africa , Life cycle assessments - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5202 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14445
- Description: South Africa is one of the world’s leading producers of high quality sugar, producing approximately 2.5 million tonnes per annum. The South African sugar industry makes a significant contribution to the South African national economy, generating direct income of approximately 6 billion South African Rand (R) per year (US$700 million or €500 million) (SASA 2008). The industry employs approximately 85,000 people in cane production and processing, and also indirectly provides jobs in numerous support industries such as fertiliser, chemical, transport and food industries (SASA 2008).
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- Authors: Mashoko, Livison , Mbohwa, Charles , Thomas, Valerie M.
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sugar trade - South Africa , Life cycle assessments - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5202 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14445
- Description: South Africa is one of the world’s leading producers of high quality sugar, producing approximately 2.5 million tonnes per annum. The South African sugar industry makes a significant contribution to the South African national economy, generating direct income of approximately 6 billion South African Rand (R) per year (US$700 million or €500 million) (SASA 2008). The industry employs approximately 85,000 people in cane production and processing, and also indirectly provides jobs in numerous support industries such as fertiliser, chemical, transport and food industries (SASA 2008).
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Eco-vision aspect and sustainable development through hydrogen economy in South Africa
- Authors: Mabiza, J. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010-11-09
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Hydrogen - South Africa , Life cycle inventories
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14429
- Description: Hydrogen is a relevant purpose that South Africa sets as priority of renewable technologies in a bid to reduce the country’s oil and gas dependence and consequently reduction of its heavily carbon emission. Possessor worldwide of almost 75% of the platinum, South Africa sees the opportunity to play a new role in decades coming with the development of hydrogen economy highlighting positive impacts in socio-economical and ecological aspects. Platinum is a best catalyst metal to be used as electrode to the production of hydrogen by water electrolysis with no carbon emission. This paper examines the sustainability and technological development of hydrogen production for fuel cells technologies processes, the input-output energy comparison involved by utilizing life cycle inventories in which the energy and raw material consumption and different types of emissions related to a specific product are measured, analyzed and summoned over the life cycle’s entire products from an environmental viewpoint.
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- Authors: Mabiza, J. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010-11-09
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources - South Africa , Hydrogen - South Africa , Life cycle inventories
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14429
- Description: Hydrogen is a relevant purpose that South Africa sets as priority of renewable technologies in a bid to reduce the country’s oil and gas dependence and consequently reduction of its heavily carbon emission. Possessor worldwide of almost 75% of the platinum, South Africa sees the opportunity to play a new role in decades coming with the development of hydrogen economy highlighting positive impacts in socio-economical and ecological aspects. Platinum is a best catalyst metal to be used as electrode to the production of hydrogen by water electrolysis with no carbon emission. This paper examines the sustainability and technological development of hydrogen production for fuel cells technologies processes, the input-output energy comparison involved by utilizing life cycle inventories in which the energy and raw material consumption and different types of emissions related to a specific product are measured, analyzed and summoned over the life cycle’s entire products from an environmental viewpoint.
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Social life cycle assessment of biodiesel in South Africa : an initial assessment
- Myaka, N., Mbohwa, Charles, Myaka, Nonhlanhla
- Authors: Myaka, N. , Mbohwa, Charles , Myaka, Nonhlanhla
- Date: 2010-11-09
- Subjects: Social life cycle assessment , Biodiesel - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5191 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14434
- Description: Social impacts of anthropogenic activities are important factor in determining sustainability of production and consumption systems. This paper examines the production and consumption of biodiesel in South Africa, with a view to do an initial assessment of its life cycle social impacts. The methods developed by UNEP and its partners are incorporated. Competition between bio-fuels and food issues are found not to be straightforward especially when by-products of biodiesel production are used as animal feed. Particular social issues in South Africa include, low wage for farm workers, the use of illegal workers from neighboring countries, crime against commercial farmers and child labour. Some additional value addition in the sector can improve wages and living standards while indiscriminate land use can result in increased food prices. It is argued that more work needs to be done to examine these specific impacts and contribute to a better understanding of social LCA.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Myaka, N. , Mbohwa, Charles , Myaka, Nonhlanhla
- Date: 2010-11-09
- Subjects: Social life cycle assessment , Biodiesel - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5191 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14434
- Description: Social impacts of anthropogenic activities are important factor in determining sustainability of production and consumption systems. This paper examines the production and consumption of biodiesel in South Africa, with a view to do an initial assessment of its life cycle social impacts. The methods developed by UNEP and its partners are incorporated. Competition between bio-fuels and food issues are found not to be straightforward especially when by-products of biodiesel production are used as animal feed. Particular social issues in South Africa include, low wage for farm workers, the use of illegal workers from neighboring countries, crime against commercial farmers and child labour. Some additional value addition in the sector can improve wages and living standards while indiscriminate land use can result in increased food prices. It is argued that more work needs to be done to examine these specific impacts and contribute to a better understanding of social LCA.
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The potential for sustainable management of biomass resources in the South African sugar industry
- Nemarumane, T. M., Mbohwa, Charles
- Authors: Nemarumane, T. M. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010-11-09
- Subjects: Biomass and energy , Sugarcane bio-resources , Sugar trade - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14412
- Description: The sugar industry has the potential to contribute to better a better ecosystem through the effective management of biomass resources in the sector. There is the potential to produce sugar, electricity and ethanol, among many other by-products. This paper considers parts of the lifecycle of the sugar production process in South Africa focusing on the potential for energy efficiency in sugar production, cogeneration of electricity and steam and the impact of extension to the production of ethanol for fuel blending. The scope for improved energy security, avoided green house gas emissions and use of bio-waste in more efficient ways is examined. The paper explores the important role that sugar cane derived biomass can play in a way that contributes to a greener and more sustainable economic activity with far reaching and positive social impacts.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nemarumane, T. M. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2010-11-09
- Subjects: Biomass and energy , Sugarcane bio-resources , Sugar trade - South Africa
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14412
- Description: The sugar industry has the potential to contribute to better a better ecosystem through the effective management of biomass resources in the sector. There is the potential to produce sugar, electricity and ethanol, among many other by-products. This paper considers parts of the lifecycle of the sugar production process in South Africa focusing on the potential for energy efficiency in sugar production, cogeneration of electricity and steam and the impact of extension to the production of ethanol for fuel blending. The scope for improved energy security, avoided green house gas emissions and use of bio-waste in more efficient ways is examined. The paper explores the important role that sugar cane derived biomass can play in a way that contributes to a greener and more sustainable economic activity with far reaching and positive social impacts.
- Full Text: