Negative energy impacts in the absence of proper baseline studies - a South African case study
- Pretorius, J.H.C., Van Rhyn, P., De Canha, D.
- Authors: Pretorius, J.H.C. , Van Rhyn, P. , De Canha, D.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Measurement and verification , Energy efficiency , Underground ventilation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/368139 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213583 , uj:21171 , Citation: Pretorius, J.H.C., Van Rhyn, P & De Canha, D. 2016. Negative energy impacts in the absence of proper baseline studies - a South African case study.
- Description: Abstract: Energy Conservation projects have become a focus area throughout the world in an attempt to reduce greenhouse gasses. These projects encompass various energy efficient technologies of which the retrofit of old technologies with new technology has become a common phenomenon. Energy savings are usually quantified by comparing actual post-retrofit energy consumption levels with baseline levels representative of the preretrofit status quo, adjusted for changes in energy drivers (e.g. weather). Baseline adjustments during energy conservation projects are of the utmost importance if operating conditions, occupancies, ambient temperatures, production levels and other factors have changed between the baseline period and the postretrofit period. During a recent case study in South Africa, an HVAC retrofit was done on a multistorey building where old technology air-conditioners were replaced with heat pump based units with inverters. To the disappointment of the landlord, the post energy measurements exceeded the baseline energy consumption by approximately 12% without any changes in operating conditions. This paper illustrates the catastrophic effects when an energy efficiency project is accelerated to the implementation stage without due consideration of operating conditions during the pre-implementation stage. A qualitative analysis prior to baseline establishment is proposed.
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- Authors: Pretorius, J.H.C. , Van Rhyn, P. , De Canha, D.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Measurement and verification , Energy efficiency , Underground ventilation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/368139 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213583 , uj:21171 , Citation: Pretorius, J.H.C., Van Rhyn, P & De Canha, D. 2016. Negative energy impacts in the absence of proper baseline studies - a South African case study.
- Description: Abstract: Energy Conservation projects have become a focus area throughout the world in an attempt to reduce greenhouse gasses. These projects encompass various energy efficient technologies of which the retrofit of old technologies with new technology has become a common phenomenon. Energy savings are usually quantified by comparing actual post-retrofit energy consumption levels with baseline levels representative of the preretrofit status quo, adjusted for changes in energy drivers (e.g. weather). Baseline adjustments during energy conservation projects are of the utmost importance if operating conditions, occupancies, ambient temperatures, production levels and other factors have changed between the baseline period and the postretrofit period. During a recent case study in South Africa, an HVAC retrofit was done on a multistorey building where old technology air-conditioners were replaced with heat pump based units with inverters. To the disappointment of the landlord, the post energy measurements exceeded the baseline energy consumption by approximately 12% without any changes in operating conditions. This paper illustrates the catastrophic effects when an energy efficiency project is accelerated to the implementation stage without due consideration of operating conditions during the pre-implementation stage. A qualitative analysis prior to baseline establishment is proposed.
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Measurement & verification of coal fired power station maintenance projects
- De Canha, D., Pretorius, J.H.C., Prof.
- Authors: De Canha, D. , Pretorius, J.H.C., Prof.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Measurement and verification , Steam feed pump , Turbine re-blade
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/80768 , uj:18762 , Citation: De Canha, D. & Pretorius, J.H.C. 2015. Measurement & verification of coal fired power station maintenance projects.
- Description: Abstract: A South African electricity utility implemented numerous power station improvement projects aimed at either increasing efficiency or output megawatts. This paper presents an overview of the process used to measure and verify (M&V) the energy and demand impacts of two projects at one of the power stations. The projects were a steam feed pump refurbishment and a high pressure turbine re-blade. The projects were M&V’d using the International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP). This involves establishing a baseline model for the performance of the two units affected by the project. The post implementation performance of each unit is then compared to its baseline, after making adjustments for changes in operating conditions between the baseline and assessment periods. Both projects resulted in an increase in megawatts sent out. Additionally the turbine re-blade resulted in a 2.7% increase in efficiency.
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- Authors: De Canha, D. , Pretorius, J.H.C., Prof.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Measurement and verification , Steam feed pump , Turbine re-blade
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/80768 , uj:18762 , Citation: De Canha, D. & Pretorius, J.H.C. 2015. Measurement & verification of coal fired power station maintenance projects.
- Description: Abstract: A South African electricity utility implemented numerous power station improvement projects aimed at either increasing efficiency or output megawatts. This paper presents an overview of the process used to measure and verify (M&V) the energy and demand impacts of two projects at one of the power stations. The projects were a steam feed pump refurbishment and a high pressure turbine re-blade. The projects were M&V’d using the International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP). This involves establishing a baseline model for the performance of the two units affected by the project. The post implementation performance of each unit is then compared to its baseline, after making adjustments for changes in operating conditions between the baseline and assessment periods. Both projects resulted in an increase in megawatts sent out. Additionally the turbine re-blade resulted in a 2.7% increase in efficiency.
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Evaluation of savings from an underground fan replacement project
- De Canha, D., Pretorius, J.H.C., Laubscher, R., Van Rhyn, P.
- Authors: De Canha, D. , Pretorius, J.H.C. , Laubscher, R. , Van Rhyn, P.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Measurement and verification , Energy efficiency , Underground ventilation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213676 , uj:21182 , De Canha, D. et al. 2016. Evaluation of savings from an underground fan replacement project.
- Description: Abstract: The savings calculation methodology from a fan replacement project is presented in this paper. The fans replaced are part of the underground ventilation system in a platinum mine. Initially, 290 axial flow fans rated at 45kW were to be replaced with carbon fibre composite fans. According to the manufacturer, the carbon fibre construction allowed for an optimum blade shape which results in the carbon fibre fan being more energy efficient. However, after the first few fans were replaced, it was discovered that the mine’s blasting activities caused the carbon fibre fans to crack and eventually fail. Fortunately, the manufacturer was able to produce a steel fan with similar performance to that of the carbon composite fans and continue replacing old fans in the mine. The savings were independently verified according to the International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP). This involved testing old and new fans in a BS848 test duct and comparing the old and new fans at various operating points on their fan curves and making adjustments for operating conditions such as air density underground vs at the test duct. It was found that the new fans saved 5kW on average, across a range of operating points.
- Full Text:
- Authors: De Canha, D. , Pretorius, J.H.C. , Laubscher, R. , Van Rhyn, P.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Measurement and verification , Energy efficiency , Underground ventilation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213676 , uj:21182 , De Canha, D. et al. 2016. Evaluation of savings from an underground fan replacement project.
- Description: Abstract: The savings calculation methodology from a fan replacement project is presented in this paper. The fans replaced are part of the underground ventilation system in a platinum mine. Initially, 290 axial flow fans rated at 45kW were to be replaced with carbon fibre composite fans. According to the manufacturer, the carbon fibre construction allowed for an optimum blade shape which results in the carbon fibre fan being more energy efficient. However, after the first few fans were replaced, it was discovered that the mine’s blasting activities caused the carbon fibre fans to crack and eventually fail. Fortunately, the manufacturer was able to produce a steel fan with similar performance to that of the carbon composite fans and continue replacing old fans in the mine. The savings were independently verified according to the International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP). This involved testing old and new fans in a BS848 test duct and comparing the old and new fans at various operating points on their fan curves and making adjustments for operating conditions such as air density underground vs at the test duct. It was found that the new fans saved 5kW on average, across a range of operating points.
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The selection of renewable energy technologies and their cost implications for a developing country : the case of South Africa
- Pillay, S., Pretorius, J.H.C., De Canha, D.
- Authors: Pillay, S. , Pretorius, J.H.C. , De Canha, D.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Analytical hierarchy process , Solar energy , Renewable energy
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/259953 , uj:27363 , Citation: Pillay, S., Pretorius, J.H.C. & De Canha, D. 2017. The selection of renewable energy technologies and their cost implications for a developing country : the case of South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Now more than ever, renewable energy technologies have become a key player in improving accessibility to energy on the African continent. Focusing on the developing nation of South Africa, published works have indicated approximately thirteen criteria for selecting renewable energy technologies. Consideration was given to developed criteria and how they were used from technical, economic, social, environmental and political stances. The aid of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and an established decision-model the author endeavored to substantiate a method of selecting appropriate technologies. These technologies were ranked in order of priority using South African energy projects. Case study information for onshore wind, solar photo-voltaic, concentrated solar thermal, biomass and small hydro energy alternatives were used to apply the decision-model for their ranking and prioritizing. The overall outcome of the decisionmodel identified that solar energy is the most suitable for South Africa and should be developed for long-term policy and energy roadmaps.
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- Authors: Pillay, S. , Pretorius, J.H.C. , De Canha, D.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Analytical hierarchy process , Solar energy , Renewable energy
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/259953 , uj:27363 , Citation: Pillay, S., Pretorius, J.H.C. & De Canha, D. 2017. The selection of renewable energy technologies and their cost implications for a developing country : the case of South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Now more than ever, renewable energy technologies have become a key player in improving accessibility to energy on the African continent. Focusing on the developing nation of South Africa, published works have indicated approximately thirteen criteria for selecting renewable energy technologies. Consideration was given to developed criteria and how they were used from technical, economic, social, environmental and political stances. The aid of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and an established decision-model the author endeavored to substantiate a method of selecting appropriate technologies. These technologies were ranked in order of priority using South African energy projects. Case study information for onshore wind, solar photo-voltaic, concentrated solar thermal, biomass and small hydro energy alternatives were used to apply the decision-model for their ranking and prioritizing. The overall outcome of the decisionmodel identified that solar energy is the most suitable for South Africa and should be developed for long-term policy and energy roadmaps.
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