The relationship between managers’ goal-setting styles and subordinates’ goal commitment
- Van Lill, Xander, Roodt, Gerhard, De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Authors: Van Lill, Xander , Roodt, Gerhard , De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Work motivation , Goal-setting styles , Supervisor-focused interactional justice
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/456718 , uj:40470 , Citation: Van Lill, X., Roodt, G. & De Bruin, G.P., 2020, ‘The relationship between managers’ goal-setting styles and subordinates’ goal commitment’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a3601. https://doi. org/10.4102/sajems. v23i1.3601 , ISSN: (Online) 2222-3436
- Description: Abstract: Background: Convincing employees to set aside their self-interests and commit to collective goals is essential for the effective functioning of organisations. It is critical that the impact of different managerial goal-setting styles, and the associated impressions of fair interpersonal treatment in the workplace, is understood from subordinates’ perspective. This might clarify the psychological mechanisms involved in motivating subordinates to commit to organisational goals. Aim: The primary aim of this article is to determine the relationship between managers’ goalsetting styles and subordinates’ goal commitment. The secondary aim is to determine whether this relationship is mediated by interactional justice. Setting: A total of 451 working adults completed an online or paper-and-pen survey. Methods: A mediator model was conducted in structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood estimation and Bollen-Stine bootstrapping, with 5000 bootstrap resamples, to test the hypotheses. Results: The perception that managers are deliberative had the greatest positive direct relationship with subordinates’ goal commitment, followed by the directive style. Subordinates’ perception of managers as complaisant, in turn, were unrelated to goal commitment (amotivational), whereas the perception of managers as hostile had a negative relationship with goal commitment. Informational justice, not interpersonal justice, emerged as the only mediating variable. Conclusion: Managers should be encouraged to actively seek feedback from subordinates on their goal-setting styles. Managers can accordingly adapt their behaviour to effectively motivate subordinates to commit to organisational goals.
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- Authors: Van Lill, Xander , Roodt, Gerhard , De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Work motivation , Goal-setting styles , Supervisor-focused interactional justice
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/456718 , uj:40470 , Citation: Van Lill, X., Roodt, G. & De Bruin, G.P., 2020, ‘The relationship between managers’ goal-setting styles and subordinates’ goal commitment’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a3601. https://doi. org/10.4102/sajems. v23i1.3601 , ISSN: (Online) 2222-3436
- Description: Abstract: Background: Convincing employees to set aside their self-interests and commit to collective goals is essential for the effective functioning of organisations. It is critical that the impact of different managerial goal-setting styles, and the associated impressions of fair interpersonal treatment in the workplace, is understood from subordinates’ perspective. This might clarify the psychological mechanisms involved in motivating subordinates to commit to organisational goals. Aim: The primary aim of this article is to determine the relationship between managers’ goalsetting styles and subordinates’ goal commitment. The secondary aim is to determine whether this relationship is mediated by interactional justice. Setting: A total of 451 working adults completed an online or paper-and-pen survey. Methods: A mediator model was conducted in structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood estimation and Bollen-Stine bootstrapping, with 5000 bootstrap resamples, to test the hypotheses. Results: The perception that managers are deliberative had the greatest positive direct relationship with subordinates’ goal commitment, followed by the directive style. Subordinates’ perception of managers as complaisant, in turn, were unrelated to goal commitment (amotivational), whereas the perception of managers as hostile had a negative relationship with goal commitment. Informational justice, not interpersonal justice, emerged as the only mediating variable. Conclusion: Managers should be encouraged to actively seek feedback from subordinates on their goal-setting styles. Managers can accordingly adapt their behaviour to effectively motivate subordinates to commit to organisational goals.
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The internal structure of the WRISc
- Van Zyl, Casper J. J., De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Authors: Van Zyl, Casper J. J. , De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Integrity test , Construct validity , Psychometric properties
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271571 , uj:28886 , Citation: Van Zyl, C.J.J. & De Bruin, G.P. 2018. The internal structure of the WRISc.
- Description: Abstract: Personality-based integrity tests are used in selection procedures to reduce the chance of hiring employees who are likely to engage in counterproductive work behaviour. The present study reports the internal psychometric properties of a new personality-based measure developed for this purpose. Data collected from 1353 working adults were used to investigate internal consistency reliability, and to examine construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. Results showed that the reliability estimates for all the scales of the assessment were satisfactory. For the confirmatory factor analysis, inspection of the incremental (CFI and TLI) and absolute (RMSEA) goodness-of fit values found strong support for the construct validity of all the scales. Infit statistics from Rasch analysis provided further support for construct validity, with items from all the scales fitting the Rasch model. Combined the confirmatory and Rasch analysis demonstrated that unidimensional, coherent and meaningful latent constructs are being measured on the WRISc. Overall, results found excellent support for the internal psychometric properties of the instrument in a culturally diverse context.
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- Authors: Van Zyl, Casper J. J. , De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Integrity test , Construct validity , Psychometric properties
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271571 , uj:28886 , Citation: Van Zyl, C.J.J. & De Bruin, G.P. 2018. The internal structure of the WRISc.
- Description: Abstract: Personality-based integrity tests are used in selection procedures to reduce the chance of hiring employees who are likely to engage in counterproductive work behaviour. The present study reports the internal psychometric properties of a new personality-based measure developed for this purpose. Data collected from 1353 working adults were used to investigate internal consistency reliability, and to examine construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis. Results showed that the reliability estimates for all the scales of the assessment were satisfactory. For the confirmatory factor analysis, inspection of the incremental (CFI and TLI) and absolute (RMSEA) goodness-of fit values found strong support for the construct validity of all the scales. Infit statistics from Rasch analysis provided further support for construct validity, with items from all the scales fitting the Rasch model. Combined the confirmatory and Rasch analysis demonstrated that unidimensional, coherent and meaningful latent constructs are being measured on the WRISc. Overall, results found excellent support for the internal psychometric properties of the instrument in a culturally diverse context.
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Validation of the children’s hope scale in a sample of South African adolescents
- Guse, Tharina, De Bruin, Gideon P., Kok, Monique
- Authors: Guse, Tharina , De Bruin, Gideon P. , Kok, Monique
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93621 , uj:20370 , Citation: Guse, T., De Bruin, G.P. & Kok, M. 2016. Validation of the children’s hope scale in a sample of South African adolescents.
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Children’s Hope Scale (CHS) (Snyder et al. 1997) among South African adolescents. Participants (n = 1062) in the greater Johannesburg area completed the CHS as well as measures of psychological well-being, coping self-efficacy, positive affect and negative affect. The CHS total score showed satisfactory reliability for research purposes (Cronbach’s α = .73). Criterion related validity was demonstrated as evident from statistically significant correlations between the CHS, its subscales (agency and pathways) and the criterion measures. Snyder’s two-factor model of hope was supported through confirmatory factor analysis. In accord with previous studies, results showed that item 5 loaded the pathways factor rather than the hypothesized agency factor. The results indicate that the CHS has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be implemented as measure of hope among South African adolescents using the total score rather than interpreting the subscale scores. The findings extend the application and measurement of constructs from the field of positive psychology to the African context.
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- Authors: Guse, Tharina , De Bruin, Gideon P. , Kok, Monique
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93621 , uj:20370 , Citation: Guse, T., De Bruin, G.P. & Kok, M. 2016. Validation of the children’s hope scale in a sample of South African adolescents.
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Children’s Hope Scale (CHS) (Snyder et al. 1997) among South African adolescents. Participants (n = 1062) in the greater Johannesburg area completed the CHS as well as measures of psychological well-being, coping self-efficacy, positive affect and negative affect. The CHS total score showed satisfactory reliability for research purposes (Cronbach’s α = .73). Criterion related validity was demonstrated as evident from statistically significant correlations between the CHS, its subscales (agency and pathways) and the criterion measures. Snyder’s two-factor model of hope was supported through confirmatory factor analysis. In accord with previous studies, results showed that item 5 loaded the pathways factor rather than the hypothesized agency factor. The results indicate that the CHS has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be implemented as measure of hope among South African adolescents using the total score rather than interpreting the subscale scores. The findings extend the application and measurement of constructs from the field of positive psychology to the African context.
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Bifactor analysis of the mental health continuum–short form (mhc–sf) 1
- De Bruin, Gideon P., Du Plessis, Graham A.
- Authors: De Bruin, Gideon P. , Du Plessis, Graham A.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Mental Health Continuum–Short Form , Bifactor analysis
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5573 , ISSN 00332941 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14226
- Description: This report examined the factor structure of the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC–SF) using bifactor analysis to evaluate a general well-being factor and the three group factors that correspond with emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Using a sample of 902 South African psychology students ( M age = 21.1 yr., SD = 2.7), the MHC–SF was examined using confirmatory factor models, (1) a one-factor model conceptualizing well-being as unidimensional, (2) a correlated three-factor model corresponding with Keyes’ model, and (3) a bifactor solution with a general well-being factor and three orthogonalized group factors. The bifactor solution fitted the best and evidenced a strong general well-being factor and three comparatively weak residualized group factors. These findings contribute to the literature by facilitating an examination of the strength of a general well-being factor as contrasted with the multidimensional components of emotional, social, and psychological well-being and advance a case for the interpretation of both the general and multidimensional components. The results inform considerations regarding the employ of the scale in statistical procedures such as multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling.
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- Authors: De Bruin, Gideon P. , Du Plessis, Graham A.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Mental Health Continuum–Short Form , Bifactor analysis
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5573 , ISSN 00332941 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14226
- Description: This report examined the factor structure of the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC–SF) using bifactor analysis to evaluate a general well-being factor and the three group factors that correspond with emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Using a sample of 902 South African psychology students ( M age = 21.1 yr., SD = 2.7), the MHC–SF was examined using confirmatory factor models, (1) a one-factor model conceptualizing well-being as unidimensional, (2) a correlated three-factor model corresponding with Keyes’ model, and (3) a bifactor solution with a general well-being factor and three orthogonalized group factors. The bifactor solution fitted the best and evidenced a strong general well-being factor and three comparatively weak residualized group factors. These findings contribute to the literature by facilitating an examination of the strength of a general well-being factor as contrasted with the multidimensional components of emotional, social, and psychological well-being and advance a case for the interpretation of both the general and multidimensional components. The results inform considerations regarding the employ of the scale in statistical procedures such as multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling.
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Cross-cultural differences in the character strength of citizenship in South Africa
- Du Plessis, Graham A., Saccaggi, Carolina F., De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Authors: Du Plessis, Graham A. , Saccaggi, Carolina F. , De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Citizenship , South Africa , Cross-cultural , Character strengths
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/17762 , uj:15922 , Citation: Du Plessis, G.A., Saccaggi, C.F. & De Bruin, G. 2015. Cross-cultural differences in the character strength of citizenship in South Africa. Psychology in society (PINS) 48:22-44
- Description: Abstract: The psychological conceptualisation of the character strength of citizenship as a trait ubiquitous across cultures is examined within the context of a diverse South African sample. The theoretically supposed elements common to the definition of citizenship as a dispositional trait (rather than a situational or cultural phenomenon) are examined by means of considering Peterson and Seligman’s (2004) conceptualisation of citizenship as espoused in their work on character strength and virtues. Using the Rasch model of item response theory the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) Value in Action Inventory (VIA) Citizenship scale was examined for fit and differential item functioning (DIF). A diverse sample of 902 South African university students who completed the Citizenship scale was examined for DIF as a function of self-asserted ethnicities and home language groups, which serve as indicators of culture within the South African context. The findings of the study suggest that while certain conceptual aspects of trait-based citizenship as espoused by Peterson and Seligman (2004) are common across the heterogeneous cultures (as defined by ethnicity and language group) examined, there is sound evidence that there are also qualitative distinctions that are exclusively a function of cultural grouping, suggesting difficulties with the exclusive conceptualisation of citizenship as an individual trait. The implications of these findings speak to the importance of considering citizenship as a nuanced and complex notion that requires further consideration in terms of the philosophical, theoretical and empirical qualification of its conceptualisation.
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- Authors: Du Plessis, Graham A. , Saccaggi, Carolina F. , De Bruin, Gideon P.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Citizenship , South Africa , Cross-cultural , Character strengths
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/17762 , uj:15922 , Citation: Du Plessis, G.A., Saccaggi, C.F. & De Bruin, G. 2015. Cross-cultural differences in the character strength of citizenship in South Africa. Psychology in society (PINS) 48:22-44
- Description: Abstract: The psychological conceptualisation of the character strength of citizenship as a trait ubiquitous across cultures is examined within the context of a diverse South African sample. The theoretically supposed elements common to the definition of citizenship as a dispositional trait (rather than a situational or cultural phenomenon) are examined by means of considering Peterson and Seligman’s (2004) conceptualisation of citizenship as espoused in their work on character strength and virtues. Using the Rasch model of item response theory the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) Value in Action Inventory (VIA) Citizenship scale was examined for fit and differential item functioning (DIF). A diverse sample of 902 South African university students who completed the Citizenship scale was examined for DIF as a function of self-asserted ethnicities and home language groups, which serve as indicators of culture within the South African context. The findings of the study suggest that while certain conceptual aspects of trait-based citizenship as espoused by Peterson and Seligman (2004) are common across the heterogeneous cultures (as defined by ethnicity and language group) examined, there is sound evidence that there are also qualitative distinctions that are exclusively a function of cultural grouping, suggesting difficulties with the exclusive conceptualisation of citizenship as an individual trait. The implications of these findings speak to the importance of considering citizenship as a nuanced and complex notion that requires further consideration in terms of the philosophical, theoretical and empirical qualification of its conceptualisation.
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