An exploration of individual experiences of constant organisational change.
- Williams, K., Crafford, A., Fourie, L.
- Authors: Williams, K. , Crafford, A. , Fourie, L.
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Change management practices , Change interventions
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6474 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1486
- Description: Ongoing change is an inevitable part of the current organisational context. Change management practices are oftencited as a reason for resistance to change, and as a cause of stress for individuals during change interventions. A qualitative study was undertaken in a technical division of a large South African organisation to explore the individual experiences of employees in the face of constant organisational change. Grounded theory analysis confirmed that constant organisational change and the related change management practices were indeed a source of unpleasant individual experience for employees at the time. Yet, no serious long-term effects of stress were evident. It is suggested that Strümpfer’s (1983–2000) work on salutogenesis and fortigenesis may be useful in explaining the outcome. Further research incorporating larger sample sizes and multiple triangulation methods in the data gathering process is recommended.
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- Authors: Williams, K. , Crafford, A. , Fourie, L.
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Change management practices , Change interventions
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6474 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1486
- Description: Ongoing change is an inevitable part of the current organisational context. Change management practices are oftencited as a reason for resistance to change, and as a cause of stress for individuals during change interventions. A qualitative study was undertaken in a technical division of a large South African organisation to explore the individual experiences of employees in the face of constant organisational change. Grounded theory analysis confirmed that constant organisational change and the related change management practices were indeed a source of unpleasant individual experience for employees at the time. Yet, no serious long-term effects of stress were evident. It is suggested that Strümpfer’s (1983–2000) work on salutogenesis and fortigenesis may be useful in explaining the outcome. Further research incorporating larger sample sizes and multiple triangulation methods in the data gathering process is recommended.
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The construction of a normative instrument for the measurement of moral reasoning
- White, J.C., Crafford, A., Schepers, J.M.
- Authors: White, J.C. , Crafford, A. , Schepers, J.M.
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Normative instrument , Moral reasoning
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6347 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1091
- Description: The main aim of this study was to construct a normative instrument for the measurement of different levels of moral reasoning. The sample comprised 426 undergraduate students in Industrial Psychology and Personnel Management from two Afrikaans speaking universities. A questionnaire was developed to measure different levels of moral reasoning on a normative scale. A factor analysis on 90 items yielded two factors. These factors were interpreted as principled moral reasoning and prescriptive moral reasoning. The two scales were subjected to an item analysis and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,936 and 0,937. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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- Authors: White, J.C. , Crafford, A. , Schepers, J.M.
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Normative instrument , Moral reasoning
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6347 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1091
- Description: The main aim of this study was to construct a normative instrument for the measurement of different levels of moral reasoning. The sample comprised 426 undergraduate students in Industrial Psychology and Personnel Management from two Afrikaans speaking universities. A questionnaire was developed to measure different levels of moral reasoning on a normative scale. A factor analysis on 90 items yielded two factors. These factors were interpreted as principled moral reasoning and prescriptive moral reasoning. The two scales were subjected to an item analysis and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,936 and 0,937. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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A study of barriers to career advancement for professional women in investment banking.
- Authors: Rowe, T. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Professional women , Barriers , Career advancement , Investment banking
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6476 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1488
- Description: A qualitative study was conducted to explore the barriers to career advancement for professional women in the investment banking industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with male and female participants to explore their beliefs and perceptions of these barriers. The story of Cinderella is used as an interpretative framework in which the findings are discussed. The key themes that emerged were structure of society, embodiment, male domination, support structures and networking. An additional theme, entitled ‘If the shoe fits’ is the underlying thread that links the other key themes together and forms the conclusion of the study.
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- Authors: Rowe, T. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Professional women , Barriers , Career advancement , Investment banking
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6476 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1488
- Description: A qualitative study was conducted to explore the barriers to career advancement for professional women in the investment banking industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with male and female participants to explore their beliefs and perceptions of these barriers. The story of Cinderella is used as an interpretative framework in which the findings are discussed. The key themes that emerged were structure of society, embodiment, male domination, support structures and networking. An additional theme, entitled ‘If the shoe fits’ is the underlying thread that links the other key themes together and forms the conclusion of the study.
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The relationship between sense of coherence and goal setting.
- Nel, D.J., Crafford, A., Roodt, G.
- Authors: Nel, D.J. , Crafford, A. , Roodt, G.
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Coherence , Goal setting
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6325 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1071
- Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of Sense of Coherence and Goal Setting. A sample of 80 management consultants participated in the study. Confirmatory reliabilities of the dimensions used in the Goal Setting Questionnaire (independent variable) and Sense of Coherence 29 item Orientation to Life Questionnaire (dependent variable), ranged from 0,54 to 0,97. A canonical correlation of 0,569 (DF = 39; p = 0,021) was obtained between the dimensions of these two questionnaires.
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- Authors: Nel, D.J. , Crafford, A. , Roodt, G.
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Coherence , Goal setting
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6325 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1071
- Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of Sense of Coherence and Goal Setting. A sample of 80 management consultants participated in the study. Confirmatory reliabilities of the dimensions used in the Goal Setting Questionnaire (independent variable) and Sense of Coherence 29 item Orientation to Life Questionnaire (dependent variable), ranged from 0,54 to 0,97. A canonical correlation of 0,569 (DF = 39; p = 0,021) was obtained between the dimensions of these two questionnaires.
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Work-related concerns of South Africans living with HIV and AIDS.
- Maloon, D., Crous, F., Crafford, A.
- Authors: Maloon, D. , Crous, F. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: HIV management , AIDS management
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6446 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1386
- Description: Aspects relating to the management of HIV and AIDS are issues of extreme importance in South Africa at present. In light of this, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the work-related concerns of Black South Africans living with HIV and AIDS. Semi-structured interviews with 22 participants revealed that work-related concerns cannot be understood outside of general financial constraints and relationship issues. Additional categories emerging from the study are: coming to terms with HIV, fear of disclosure, job-related barriers and coping mechanisms. The implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations made.
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- Authors: Maloon, D. , Crous, F. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: HIV management , AIDS management
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6446 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1386
- Description: Aspects relating to the management of HIV and AIDS are issues of extreme importance in South Africa at present. In light of this, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the work-related concerns of Black South Africans living with HIV and AIDS. Semi-structured interviews with 22 participants revealed that work-related concerns cannot be understood outside of general financial constraints and relationship issues. Additional categories emerging from the study are: coming to terms with HIV, fear of disclosure, job-related barriers and coping mechanisms. The implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations made.
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Die verband tussen interpersoonlike behoeftes en konflikhanteringstyle.
- Lotriet, W., Crafford, A., Visser, D.
- Authors: Lotriet, W. , Crafford, A. , Visser, D.
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Interpersonal needs , Conflict handling styles , Interpersonal preferences , Personality characteristics
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2950
- Description: The relationship between interpersonal needs and conflict-handling styles. Various factors such as behavioural tendencies, interpersonal preferences and personality characteristics play a role in conflict-handling styles. The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationship between interpersonal needs and conflict-handling styles.
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- Authors: Lotriet, W. , Crafford, A. , Visser, D.
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Interpersonal needs , Conflict handling styles , Interpersonal preferences , Personality characteristics
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2950
- Description: The relationship between interpersonal needs and conflict-handling styles. Various factors such as behavioural tendencies, interpersonal preferences and personality characteristics play a role in conflict-handling styles. The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationship between interpersonal needs and conflict-handling styles.
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Competency requirements for first-line managers to deal with resistance to change.
- Authors: Lombard, C.N. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Change management , First-line managers , Change interventions
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6475 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1487
- Description: Continuous changes in the needs of markets require effective change management at all levels in organisations. First-line managers are directly responsible for meeting the demands of clients and resistance to change at this level could result in sub-standard outputs. The effectiveness of change interventions will be largely determined by the competence of first-line managers to facilitate the desired change taking into account resistance to change. The purpose of this article is to identify competencies required by first-line managers to deal with resistance to change. The findings are based on a literature study and functional analysis.
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- Authors: Lombard, C.N. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Change management , First-line managers , Change interventions
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6475 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1487
- Description: Continuous changes in the needs of markets require effective change management at all levels in organisations. First-line managers are directly responsible for meeting the demands of clients and resistance to change at this level could result in sub-standard outputs. The effectiveness of change interventions will be largely determined by the competence of first-line managers to facilitate the desired change taking into account resistance to change. The purpose of this article is to identify competencies required by first-line managers to deal with resistance to change. The findings are based on a literature study and functional analysis.
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The construction of a normative instrument for measuring organisational citizenship.
- Joubert, E.E., Crafford, A., Schepers, J.M.
- Authors: Joubert, E.E. , Crafford, A. , Schepers, J.M.
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Normative instrument , Organisational citizenship
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6360 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1104
- Description: The aim of the study was to construct a normative instrument for measuring organisational citizenship. Based on studies done on organisational citizenship, a framework for identifying the locus of organisational citizenship was developed, and a questionnaire based on this framework was constructed. A factor analysis of the items of the instrument yielded two factors. These factors were interpreted as situational and dispositional loci of organisational citizenship. The two scales were subjected to item analysis and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,946 and 0,908 respectively. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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- Authors: Joubert, E.E. , Crafford, A. , Schepers, J.M.
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Normative instrument , Organisational citizenship
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6360 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1104
- Description: The aim of the study was to construct a normative instrument for measuring organisational citizenship. Based on studies done on organisational citizenship, a framework for identifying the locus of organisational citizenship was developed, and a questionnaire based on this framework was constructed. A factor analysis of the items of the instrument yielded two factors. These factors were interpreted as situational and dispositional loci of organisational citizenship. The two scales were subjected to item analysis and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,946 and 0,908 respectively. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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Persoonlikheidseienskappe as voorspellers van die loopbaansukses van provinsiale verkeersbeamptes.
- Geldenhuys, A., Visser, D., Crafford, A.
- Authors: Geldenhuys, A. , Visser, D. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Traffic officers , Personality Factor Questionnaire
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6408 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1205
- Description: The effective selection of competent provincial traffic officers has become an urgent necessity for provincial governments. Due to a lack of relevant research on which selection decisions can be based, a study was conducted on a total of 206 respondents from the Free State Provincial Government to determine whether differences exist between the personality profiles of successful and relatively unsuccessful provincial traffic officers. No statistically significant differences were found between the successful and unsuccessful groups on the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. Various shortcomings of the study are discussed and recommendations for research suggested.
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- Authors: Geldenhuys, A. , Visser, D. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Traffic officers , Personality Factor Questionnaire
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6408 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1205
- Description: The effective selection of competent provincial traffic officers has become an urgent necessity for provincial governments. Due to a lack of relevant research on which selection decisions can be based, a study was conducted on a total of 206 respondents from the Free State Provincial Government to determine whether differences exist between the personality profiles of successful and relatively unsuccessful provincial traffic officers. No statistically significant differences were found between the successful and unsuccessful groups on the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. Various shortcomings of the study are discussed and recommendations for research suggested.
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The evaluation of a diversity program.
- Fouchè, C.B., De Jager, C., Crafford, A.
- Authors: Fouchè, C.B. , De Jager, C. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Diversity programmes , Best practice requirements
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5681 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2926
- Description: This article reports on the evaluation of a programme that was designed and developed in an attempt to address the reasons why diversity programmes fail. A large company in the banking sector initiated the development of the product and keynote personnel from this company evaluated the content. The content was found to adhere to Best Practice requirements.
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- Authors: Fouchè, C.B. , De Jager, C. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Diversity programmes , Best practice requirements
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5681 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2926
- Description: This article reports on the evaluation of a programme that was designed and developed in an attempt to address the reasons why diversity programmes fail. A large company in the banking sector initiated the development of the product and keynote personnel from this company evaluated the content. The content was found to adhere to Best Practice requirements.
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Towards a typology of gosspip in the workplace.
- De Gouveia, C.M., Van Vuuren, L.J., Crafford, A.
- Authors: De Gouveia, C.M. , Van Vuuren, L.J. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Informal communication , Workplace gossip , Workplace relationship
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6471 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1483
- Description: In today’s communication-driven world, informal communication can at some point be construed as malicious gossip. Literature shows that certain areas of gossip are insufficiently studied, such as how gossip is defined in the workplace, when communication is construed as gossip, and what characteristics highlight the parameters between healthy communication and gossip. This research is of value because workplace gossip could have direct implications on trust in workplace relationships, might undermine principles espoused by corporate governance and could therefore lead to higher staff absenteeism and turnover. A qualitative research study was undertaken to explore individual constructions surrounding this phenomenon. Data was collected from structured individual interviews and the technique of card sorting, and a grounded theory analysis resulted in the formulation of a working definition of the concept, the identification of its parameters as well as the development of a typology of gossip in the workplace. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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- Authors: De Gouveia, C.M. , Van Vuuren, L.J. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Informal communication , Workplace gossip , Workplace relationship
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6471 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1483
- Description: In today’s communication-driven world, informal communication can at some point be construed as malicious gossip. Literature shows that certain areas of gossip are insufficiently studied, such as how gossip is defined in the workplace, when communication is construed as gossip, and what characteristics highlight the parameters between healthy communication and gossip. This research is of value because workplace gossip could have direct implications on trust in workplace relationships, might undermine principles espoused by corporate governance and could therefore lead to higher staff absenteeism and turnover. A qualitative research study was undertaken to explore individual constructions surrounding this phenomenon. Data was collected from structured individual interviews and the technique of card sorting, and a grounded theory analysis resulted in the formulation of a working definition of the concept, the identification of its parameters as well as the development of a typology of gossip in the workplace. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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Problems surrounding probation in the South African public service.
- Authors: Baloyi, Z.G. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Probation periods , South African Public Service , Problems surrounding probation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6478 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1490
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate problems surrounding probation periods in the South African Public Service. A qualitative study was conducted to determine the views of both probationers and supervisors managing the probation process. Data was gathered by means of focus groups and individual interviews. Nine key areas were identified as being problematic, viz. clarity regarding the purpose of probation, lack of proper guidelines, the duration of probation, rotation during probation, lack of training, poor management of probation, performance management, anxiety and stress, power and authority. Recommendations are made concerning possible interventions.
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- Authors: Baloyi, Z.G. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Probation periods , South African Public Service , Problems surrounding probation
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6478 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1490
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate problems surrounding probation periods in the South African Public Service. A qualitative study was conducted to determine the views of both probationers and supervisors managing the probation process. Data was gathered by means of focus groups and individual interviews. Nine key areas were identified as being problematic, viz. clarity regarding the purpose of probation, lack of proper guidelines, the duration of probation, rotation during probation, lack of training, poor management of probation, performance management, anxiety and stress, power and authority. Recommendations are made concerning possible interventions.
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Towards validating a framework of adaptive schemata for entrepreneurial success.
- Amanjee, B., Crous, F., Crafford, A.
- Authors: Amanjee, B. , Crous, F. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Maldaptive schemata , Entrepreneurial success , Positive psychology , Entrepreneurship
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1392
- Description: The role of entrepreneurship within the context of an emerging economy has been well documented. Specifically within the South African context, the concept of entrepreneurship has been embraced by most industry sectors particularly for its resultant job creation and associated economic benefits. To date, psychologists have attempted to understand and define the factors that predispose individuals to embark on entrepreneurial careers, focusing primarily on the personality characteristics of entrepreneurs. However, entrepreneurial research from a cognitive psychological framework has been limited. Specifically, the impact of schemata on the success of the entrepreneur has received little exposure. A study was conducted to examine the presence and type of schemata inherent in successful entrepreneurs. The findings indicate that successful entrepreneurs display varied manifestations of adaptive schemata.
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- Authors: Amanjee, B. , Crous, F. , Crafford, A.
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Maldaptive schemata , Entrepreneurial success , Positive psychology , Entrepreneurship
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1392
- Description: The role of entrepreneurship within the context of an emerging economy has been well documented. Specifically within the South African context, the concept of entrepreneurship has been embraced by most industry sectors particularly for its resultant job creation and associated economic benefits. To date, psychologists have attempted to understand and define the factors that predispose individuals to embark on entrepreneurial careers, focusing primarily on the personality characteristics of entrepreneurs. However, entrepreneurial research from a cognitive psychological framework has been limited. Specifically, the impact of schemata on the success of the entrepreneur has received little exposure. A study was conducted to examine the presence and type of schemata inherent in successful entrepreneurs. The findings indicate that successful entrepreneurs display varied manifestations of adaptive schemata.
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