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A survey of machine learning methods applied to anomaly detection on drinking-water quality data

- Dogo, Eustace M., Nwulu, Nnamdi I., Twala, Bhekisipho, Aigbavboa, Clinton

  • Authors: Dogo, Eustace M. , Nwulu, Nnamdi I. , Twala, Bhekisipho , Aigbavboa, Clinton
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Machine learning , Anomaly detection , Deep learning
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/406768 , uj:34213 , Citation: Dogo, E.M. et al. 2019. A survey of machine learning methods applied to anomaly detection on drinking-water quality data.
  • Description: Abstract: Traditional machine learning (ML) techniques such as support vector machine, logistic regression, and artificial neural network have been applied most frequently in water quality anomaly detection tasks. This paper presents a review of progress and advances made in detecting anomalies in water quality data using ML techniques. The review encompasses both traditional ML and deep learning (DL) approaches. Our findings indicate that: 1) Generally, DL approaches outperform traditional ML techniques in terms of feature learning accuracy and fewer false positive rates. However, is difficult to make a fair comparison between studies because of different datasets, models and parameters employed. 2) We notice that despite advances made and the advantages of the extreme learning machine (ELM), application of ELM is sparsely exploited in this domain. This study also proposes a hybrid DL-ELM framework as a possible solution that could be investigated further and used to detect anomalies in water quality data.
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Assessment of encryption and decryption schemes for secure data transmission in healthcare systems

- Adedeji, Kazeem B., Nwulu, Nnamdi I., Aigbavboa, Clinton, Gbadamosi, Saheed L.

  • Authors: Adedeji, Kazeem B. , Nwulu, Nnamdi I. , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Gbadamosi, Saheed L.
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Data security , Decryption , Encryption
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/405247 , uj:34022 , Citation: Adedeji, K.B. et al. 2019. Assessment of encryption and decryption schemes for secure data transmission in healthcare systems.
  • Description: Abstract: In the biomedical research community, transmitting a patient medical record via wireless means to an administrative centre or other medical centres is increasingly common. However, due to the open nature of wireless media, the security of such a system is a major concern, so, it is desirable to have a reliable security scheme. Amidst the numerous methods used to secure medical data, encryption schemes are becoming more popular due to their performance and relative simplicity. In this study, the performance of some data encryption and decryption schemes used to secure medical data is evaluated. These schemes are Blowfish, DES, AES, RC4, RSA, ECC, CBE, MTLM and CEC. The performance of these schemes was assessed through their execution time, throughput, average data rate and information entropy. For this performance assessment, some medical data were used for this task. The results showed that the performance of CBE, MTLM and CEC was better. CBE and MTLM offer a secure way to encrypt data with a significant reduction in the execution time. Moreover, if some of these schemes were combined to form a hybrid system, an enhancement in the security of medical data over wireless communication networks is guaranteed.
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Challenges affecting leadership development in the construction industry

- Liphadzi, Murendeni, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Osunsanmi, Temidayo, Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku

Leak localisation in urban water supply system : a literature synopsis on model based methodologies

- Adedeji, Kazeem B., Nwulu, Nnamdi I., Aigbavboa, Clinton

Sustainable construction practices challenges - a stakeholders perspective

- Mashwama, Nokulunga, Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku, Aigbavboa, Clinton

An examination of the key drivers of amendments to the standard forms of contract in the South African construction industry

- Mewomo, Modupe Cecilia, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Lesalane, Portia

  • Authors: Mewomo, Modupe Cecilia , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Lesalane, Portia
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Amendments , Contracting , Drivers
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/288077 , uj:31216 , Citation: Mewomo, M.C., Aigbavboa, C. & Lesalane, P. 2018. An examination of the key drivers of amendments to the standard forms of contract in the South African construction industry. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 23(1): 115–124. https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2018.23.1.7.
  • Description: Abstract: Some of the perceived benefits of standard forms of contract are standardisation, uniformity, stability and the availability of well-established terms and conditions which allow predictability and greater certainty in legal relations. Thus, the standard forms are widely adopted in the construction industry to facilitate the contractual arrangements between contracting parties in a construction project. Having become commonplace in construction transactions, they are often generally accepted by the various contracting parties and their advisers. Notwithstanding its importance, literature suggests that it is practically unfeasible to devise a standard form of contract that would cater for all eventualities and construction issues that might occur in construction projects. As a result, the existing standard forms are sometimes amended or modified in order to fit the clients' requirements and also to suit the contractors' expectations. This paper therefore investigates the key factors that drive amendments to the standard forms of contract in the South African construction industry. Considering the fact that this paper presents findings that relied on a descriptive survey method, the mean item score was used for presenting the results. The data was obtained through an online questionnaire survey sent to the construction professionals who are usually involved in the selection of contract forms for the client in the Gauteng Province of South Africa (SA). The data was analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and the results indicate that "altering risk allocation", "inserting additional obligation" and "correcting something which is not applicable" are the three prominent factors that highly drive the amendment of standard forms of contract in the Gauteng Province of South Africa.
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The role of public private partnership in improving service delivery in South Africa

- Mashwama, Nokulunga, Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku, Aigbavboa, Clinton

  • Authors: Mashwama, Nokulunga , Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku , Aigbavboa, Clinton
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Infrastructure , Public-private partnerships , Service delivery
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289391 , uj:31399 , Citation: Mashwama, N., Thwala, D. & Aigbavboa, C. 2018. The role of public private partnership in improving service delivery in South Africa.
  • Description: Abstract: South Africa is confronted with huge infrastructure service delivery backlogs, which has a negative impact on the country’s economic growth and improvement of the lives of its citizens. The infrastructural backlog cannot be sufficiently addressed by government alone, as it requires a collaborative effort from both the public (government) and private (business) sectors. The study examined the contribution made by Private Public Partnerships (PPPs) in delivering infrastructure projects. The data used for the study were derived from both primary and secondary sources. The secondary sources were review of literature and primary data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaires which were distributed to construction stakeholders in the public and private sectors, who were involved in the PPP’s projects in South Africa in the Gauteng province. A total of 90 questionnaire were distributed and 80 came back and used for the study. The study revealed that: PPPs speed up the infrastructural projects; completes the infrastructure projects much quicker than the traditional method; PPP increase the effectiveness of projects; completes work on time or even ahead of schedule; greater cost transparency; cost savings; reduction of life-cycle maintenance costs; reduction of the service delivery backlog, etc. The research has revealed that the projects delivered through PPP are of great quality and they are maintained well.
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A Delphi technique approach towards the need for and relevance of construction project monitoring and evaluation practices

- Tengan, Callistus, Aigbavboa, Clinton

  • Authors: Tengan, Callistus , Aigbavboa, Clinton
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Delphi technique , Ghana , Monitoring and evaluation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/254494 , uj:26641 , Citation: Tengan, C. & Aigbavboa, C. 2017. A Delphi technique approach towards the need for and relevance of construction project monitoring and evaluation practices.
  • Description: Abstract: The practical experience of the researchers on the implementation of the inductive methodology to knowledge dissemination using the Delphi technique approach is reported in this study. The Delphi method is a vital procedure of reaching consensus on issues that cannot be resolved in a once-off discussion. The research commenced with five questions to ascertain the views of experts with the aim of reaching consensus on the need for and relevance of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) implementation in achieving project success in Ghana’s construction industry. Experts for the study were identified from the Ghanaian construction industry (quantity surveyors, architect, and engineers), research, and academic institutions of higher learning faculties in Ghana. After two iterative Delphi rounds, consensus was achieved on the need for and relevance of M&E to achieve project success as suggested by the experts during the Delphi process. Based on the difficulties faced in the process, the study recommends clear and concise instructions to Delphi experts on the process. Also, the length of the structured Delphi questionnaire should be as short as possible to ensure a high response rate with a constant reminder to experts before the close of the submission of responses. In conclusion, the authors argue that the Delphi technique is vital for studies in areas where consensus on the need for and relevance of construction project management practices is yet to be reached.
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Adoption of smart structures for prevention of health hazards in buildings

- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Ngema, Wiseman

An assessment of the critical success factor for the reduction of cost of poor quality in construction projects in Swaziland

- Mashwama, Nokulunga, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku

An investigation into credit accessibility for small and medium scale enterprise in construction industry of Gauteng province in South Africa : literature review

- Balogun, Olanrewaju Abdul, Ansary, Nazeem, Agumba, Justus Ngala, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku

Appraisal of qualitative factors affecting contractors' tender price in a developing country

- Oke, Ayodeji, Ijie, Oriabure, Aigbavboa, Clinton

  • Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Ijie, Oriabure , Aigbavboa, Clinton
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Buildability , Form of Tender , Infrastructure Procurement
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/240909 , uj:24793 , Citation: Oke, A., Ijie, O. & Aigbavboa, C. 2017. Appraisal of qualitative factors affecting contractors' tender price in a developing country.
  • Description: Abstract: An important process in the procurement of infrastructure is tendering. Tendering involves invitation to submit tender by clients or their representative, submission of required documents by contractors and selection of appropriate contractors to execute the project. This study examines important constituents of tender price submitted by a contractor and factors affecting their tender price in Nigeria with a view to improving their competitiveness and success rate locally and internationally. Using quantitative design approach, data were obtained through questionnaires administered on registered construction professionals and contracting firms with adequate practicing experience. Prior to the study, pilot study was carried out to ensure proper validity and reliability of the instrument. From the final survey, there is no significance difference in the significance, importance and level of contractors' awareness of constituents of tender price. This implies that contractors are conversant of important elements of their tender price but the major factors affecting this price are related to incorrect/incomplete design as well as buildability and technicality associated the project. These factors are more of project characteristics than that of stakeholders and external variables. In view of this, nature and size of projects should be considered as major factors in estimating tender figure of construction projects by contractors. More so, for the contractors to remain in construction business, there is a need for training, innovation and advancement in the use of new and modern technology.
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Awareness of ecological economics as a model for promoting sustainable construction

- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Ndou, Mpho

  • Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Ndou, Mpho
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Community empowerment , Ecosystem , Sustainable neighbourhood
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/239221 , uj:24571 , Citation: Oke, A., Aigbavboa, C. & Ndou, M. 2017. Awareness of ecological economics as a model for promoting sustainable construction. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies (ISSN: 2220-6140) Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 152-156, February 2017. , ISSN: 2220-6140
  • Description: Abstract: Construction industry is a major consumer of natural resources and this has a significant impact on the environment and socio-economic development of society. The result of this impact includes deforestation; climate change, air, water and land pollution; and the like. Ecological economics (EE) models are tools for assessing and understanding these issues with a view to enhancing green buildings and sustainable construction in general. As part of a continuous study, this research therefore examines the level of awareness of the concept of EE by construction professionals in a quest to adopting the principle of sustainable development. Data were collected through questionnaires administered on relevant and experienced construction professionals such as construction project managers, architects, engineers, quantity surveyors and construction managers. EE as an aid would help in mitigating construction impacts on the environment, thereby enhancing sustainability but it is barely practised in the construction industry. This is as a result of the fact that construction professionals have little or no knowledge of its existence in the local industry. Most professionals with knowledge of the concept in the study area obtained the information on sustainability through the media and short courses .. The basic influencing factors are related to professionals' levels of education, the economic development of the country and knowledge of the environment. Introducing EE through communicating new ideas to stakeholders (through environmental campaigns, conferences, and the like) as well as incentivising ideas for change relating to greener construction will assist in overcoming the barriers to the adoption of EE in the construction industry. Professionals also need to keep abreast of current sustainable practices, their benefits, challenges, barriers as well as the methods of overcoming these barriers in their quest for delivering sustainable projects.
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Causes of collusion among people in construction

- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Mangena, Zacharia

  • Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Mangena, Zacharia
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Collusion , Construction industry , Corruption
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/240893 , uj:24791 , Citation: Oke, A., Aigbavboa, C. & Mangena, Z. 2017. Causes of collusion among people in construction.
  • Description: Abstract: Collusion is an unethical and disreputable agreement among parties of similar interests with the intention of achieving a goal through immoral and dishonest means. Proper ethical procurement practice in the construction industry, will enable the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) to achieve their mandate which is to promote uniformity in the construction procurement; efficient and effective infrastructure delivery; and development of the emerging contractors, including transformation. Furthermore, the Competition Commission of South Africa (CCSA) to also achieve their mandate which is fair competition in all industries. With collusion in existence it will be difficult for the CIDB and CCSA to achieve their mandate. This study examined the influences of this practice among competitors and stakeholders in the construction industry. Various causal factors of collusion among parties were extracted from review of existing and relevant literature materials and they were further evaluated to arrive at the specific ones that are relevant to the construction industry and selected area of study. Using these factors, close-ended questionnaires were prepared and administered to construction stakeholders with adequate level of experience in the construction industry. The number of questionnaire distributed is 50 and 45 were returned out of which 5 were not correctly and completely filled. The distribution method used was self-administration. In addition, purposive sampling was used. The findings from the 40 respondents indicates that the major cause of collusion in the construction industry is greed of various stakeholders that are shouldered with the responsibilities of managing and monitoring construction contracts and activities especially the contractors. Political influence was also identified as a major reason for collusion among other factors. [Empowering emerging contractors, a well regulated environment, a fair competition,..
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Drivers for the application of automation in construction activities

- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Mabena, Siphiwe

  • Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Mabena, Siphiwe
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Automated machine , Construction industry , Project performance
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246246 , uj:25522 , Citation: Oke, A., Aigbavboa, C. & Mabena, S. 2017. Drivers for the application of automation in construction activities.
  • Description: Abstract: The complex nature of the architectural, engineering and construction industry and increasing demand for innovative and technical construction projects by clients, have resulted in increasing adoption and application of information technology at the design, construction and post-construction phases. One of the current innovative technological method is automation, which has gained popularity in some sectors of the economy like manufacturing, banking and entertainment, among others. To promote the usage of this technique in the construction industry, this study examines a number of success factors for the adoption of automation for various activities and processes involved in execution of construction projects. Using survey method, a close-ended questionnaire was designed around 18 drivers obtained from existing and related literature materials on automation and construction process. The research instrument were thereafter administered to 50 construction professionals including architects, engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors and construction project managers...
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Effect of globalisation on quantity surveying practice in an emerging economy

- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Ibitoye, Olayinka

  • Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Ibitoye, Olayinka
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Elements of Globalization , Measures of Globalization , Quantity Surveyors (QS)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/240917 , uj:24794 , Citation: Oke, A., Aigbavboa, C. & Ibitoye, O. 2017. Effect of globalisation on quantity surveying practice in an emerging economy.
  • Description: Abstract: In the era where agencies, parastatals and stakeholders in various sector of the economy around the world are clamoring for sustainable developments that are financially viable, socially harmless and friendly to the environment, it is of note that globalization has played a great role and will continue to do now and in the future. A major stakeholders to the actualization of sustainable infrastructural development are quantity surveyors. This study investigates the impacts of globalization on quantity surveying (QS) practice in Nigeria in the quest of equipping quantity surveyor to contribute positively to sustainability of infrastructure projects. Data were obtained from quantity surveyors (QSs) practicing in quantity surveying firms (QSFs) that are registered and licensed to operate by the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS) in the study area. Compare to the benchmark of importance level, it was observed that level of awareness of quantity surveyors of the six basic elements of globalization is low. It was also observed that international trade, foreign direct investment and capital market flow are basic measures of globalization affecting the practice. These have resulted in increase in clients' demand, more opportunities for QSFs including participation in international projects, rise in usage of ICT and general development of the firms. It is therefore imperative for government, NIQS and Quantity Surveyors Registration Board of Nigeria (QSRBN) to formulate appropriate industrial and trade policies that will foster the competitiveness of QSFs, to enjoy emerging global opportunities and compete adequately without resorting to protective measures.
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Effects of automation on construction industry performance

- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Mabena, Siphiwe

Influences of time buffer usage in the construction industry

- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Ndlovu, Tebogo

  • Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Ndlovu, Tebogo
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Buffering , Construction process , Project performance
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246226 , uj:25520 , Citation: Oke, A., Aigbavboa, C. & Ndlovu, T. 2017. Influences of time buffer usage in the construction industry.
  • Description: Abstract: One of the issues confronting the construction industry is the continuous inability to deliver construction projects to contract at agreed time. In view of this, various techniques and innovations have been introduced by concerned stakeholders in the quest of delivering projects to the satisfaction of clients and customers, and one of them is the adoption of time buffer. This study therefore examine various factors influencing the adoption of time buffer in construction projects with a view to promoting and maximizing the benefits of the practice in architecture, engineering and construction industry. From existing literature materials, 12 major factors influencing the usage of time buffer for construction projects were identified and adopted. Using purposive sampling, primary data were collected from architects, construction manager, quantity surveyors, engineers and project managers with emphasis on their knowledge and understanding of construction process and the concept of time buffer. Out of the 50 questionnaires administered to these professionals practicing in government, contracting, consulting and client establishment, 48 were completed and analysed accordingly...
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Occupational safety and health (OSH) sustainability compliance in the Ghanaian construction industry : perspective of casual workers

- Tengan, Callistus, Aigbavboa, Clinton

  • Authors: Tengan, Callistus , Aigbavboa, Clinton
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Casual Workers Compliance , Construction industry - Health aspects - Ghana , Construction industry - Ghana - Safety measures , Industrial safety - Ghana , Casual labor - Ghana
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/218452 , uj:21773 , Citation: Tengan, C. & Aigbavboa, C. 2017. Occupational safety and health (OSH) sustainability compliance in the Ghanaian construction industry : perspective of casual workers.
  • Description: Abstract: Health and safety sustainability is fundamental to the performance and growth of the construction industry as well as all other economic sectors globally. OSH offers a risk free and safe working environment with influence on productivity and as such Ws imperative for construction firms to provide and ensure compliance by all workers particularly casual workers. The study sought tofind out the perspective of casual workers on the compliance to occupational health and safety (OHS) practice in the Ghanaian construction industry as well as sustainable OSH strategies to improve the compliance level of casual workers. A structured interview questionnaire survey was used to collect data from casual workers on selected construction sites in Ghana. The study revealed a poor compliance to basic OHS regulations by casual workers. This was attributed to; unsafe attitudes and behaviour less education on health and safety1 inadequate supply of personal protective equipment1 less supervision and improper use of tools and equipment. Recommendation are made for the empowerment of the factories inspectorate and labour departments to effectively undertake their mandate under the law1 the merger of all occupational safety and health policy documents into one single document is recommended and finally the passage of the construction industry bill to help regulate ensure strict compliance by industry players in the implementation of projects. In conclusion, strict compliance to OHS practice of casual workers should be ensured through close supervision at site; thus wearing a PPE must be a pre-requisite to access to site, safety education for workers should be undertaken as well as ensuring that occupational safety and health safety compliance declaration be considered a basic contractual requirement for the award of projects (at least for government of Ghanafunded projects).
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Prevention of collusion for innovative construction

- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Mangena, Zacharia

  • Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Mangena, Zacharia
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Construction industry , Corruption , Project performance
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/259896 , uj:27354 , Citation: Oke, A., Aigbavboa, C. & Mangena, Z. 2017. Prevention of collusion for innovative construction. Creative Construction Conference 2017, CCC 2017, 19-22 June 2017, Primosten, Croatia.
  • Description: Abstract: Collusion is an unscrupulous and anticompetitive practices among construction stakeholders which has adverse effect not only on the integrity of the parties or people but also on the overall performance of construction projects. In view of this and in order to ensure healthy competition and alliance among construction stakeholders, this study assessed various measures that can be adopted to minimize or eliminate the practice of collusion in the construction industry. The measures were extracted from existing literature materials and questionnaire was adopted as a means of data collection using a 5-point Likert scale. Using convenience sampling, 49 questionnaires were distributed, 43 were retrieved while 41 were found worthy of further analysis. Among other measures, people involved in construction process including the professionals should be encouraged to report any suspicious acts and transactions including collusion practices, and procurement procedures for construction projects should be open and transparent. There is a need to blacklist and deregister professionals and companies that are caught in the act of collusion as this will enhance project performance and subsequently improve the image of the construction industry. Punishments for the offence should be well documented and there should be strict enforcement of the discipline and regulations when a company or individual is found culpable. This study will help regulatory bodies shouldered with the responsibilities of regulating construction activities - including that of the stakeholders - in their quest to reduce or eliminate the practice of collusion in the construction industry.
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