Gene expression changes in diabetic wound healing as induced by photobiostimulation in vitro
- Ayuk, S.M., Abrahamse, H., Houreld, N.N.
- Authors: Ayuk, S.M. , Abrahamse, H. , Houreld, N.N.
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/215339 , uj:21405 , Citation: Ayuk, S.M., Abrahamse, H & Houreld, N.N. 2016. Gene expression changes in diabetic wound healing as induced by photobiostimulation in vitro.
- Description: Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder resulting in hyperglycaemia. Impaired wound healing is a serious complication of diabetes, and is a severe public health problem. Photobiostimulation is a non-invasive form of treatment known to enhance healing of such wounds using low energy lasers. This study investigated the changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in diabetic wounded fibroblasts in vitro after photobiostimulation at 830 nm. Normal (N-unstressed), normal wounded (NW-stressed) and diabetic wounded (DWstressed) fibroblasts were incubated for 48 h after irradiation using a continuous wave diode laser at a wavelength of 830 nm with 5 J/cm2 . Non-irradiated cells (0 J/cm2 ) were used as controls. The gene expression profile (84 genes) was assessed using an ECM real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array with the appropriate controls included. Sixty one genes were significantly regulated (55 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated) in N-cells; 40 genes (20 upregulated, and 20 down-regulated) in NW-cells; and 42 genes (9 up-regulated and 33 downregulated) in DW-cells. Several genes were down-regulated in DW-cells as compared to N- and NW-cells. Photobiostimulation modulated the expression of important genes in wound healing, including cell adhesion molecules, integrins, ECM proteins, proteases, and inhibitors involved in the ECM. An in depth comprehension of the molecular and biological processes may create an improved therapeutic protocol for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Ayuk, S.M. , Abrahamse, H. , Houreld, N.N.
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/215339 , uj:21405 , Citation: Ayuk, S.M., Abrahamse, H & Houreld, N.N. 2016. Gene expression changes in diabetic wound healing as induced by photobiostimulation in vitro.
- Description: Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder resulting in hyperglycaemia. Impaired wound healing is a serious complication of diabetes, and is a severe public health problem. Photobiostimulation is a non-invasive form of treatment known to enhance healing of such wounds using low energy lasers. This study investigated the changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in diabetic wounded fibroblasts in vitro after photobiostimulation at 830 nm. Normal (N-unstressed), normal wounded (NW-stressed) and diabetic wounded (DWstressed) fibroblasts were incubated for 48 h after irradiation using a continuous wave diode laser at a wavelength of 830 nm with 5 J/cm2 . Non-irradiated cells (0 J/cm2 ) were used as controls. The gene expression profile (84 genes) was assessed using an ECM real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array with the appropriate controls included. Sixty one genes were significantly regulated (55 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated) in N-cells; 40 genes (20 upregulated, and 20 down-regulated) in NW-cells; and 42 genes (9 up-regulated and 33 downregulated) in DW-cells. Several genes were down-regulated in DW-cells as compared to N- and NW-cells. Photobiostimulation modulated the expression of important genes in wound healing, including cell adhesion molecules, integrins, ECM proteins, proteases, and inhibitors involved in the ECM. An in depth comprehension of the molecular and biological processes may create an improved therapeutic protocol for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
- Full Text: false
Measurement of the main and critical parameters for optimal laser treatment of heart disease
- Kabeya, F. B., Abrahamse, H., Karsten, A. E.
- Authors: Kabeya, F. B. , Abrahamse, H. , Karsten, A. E.
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/273091 , uj:29088 , Citation: Kabeya, F.B., Abrahamse, H. & Karsten, A.E. 2018. Measurement of the main and critical parameters for optimal laser treatment of heart disease. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 905. 28th annual IUPAP Conference on Computational Physics. DOI :10.1088/1742-6596/905/1/012009
- Description: Abstract: Laser light is frequently used in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. As in traditional treatments such as medication, bypass surgery, and minimally invasive ways, laser treatment can also fail and present serious side effects. The true reason for laser treatment failure or the side effects thereof, remains unknown. From the literature review conducted, and experimental results generated we conclude that an optimal laser treatment for coronary artery disease (named heart disease) can be obtained if certain critical parameters are correctly measured and understood. These parameters include the laser power, the laser beam profile, the fluence rate, the treatment time, as well as the absorption and scattering coefficients of the target treatment tissue. Therefore, this paper proposes different, accurate methods for the measurement of these critical parameters to determine the optimal laser treatment of heart disease with a minimal risk of side effects. The results from the measurement of absorption and scattering properties can be used in a computer simulation package to predict the fluence rate. The computing technique is a program based on the random number (Monte Carlo) process and probability statistics to track the propagation of photons through a biological tissue.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kabeya, F. B. , Abrahamse, H. , Karsten, A. E.
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/273091 , uj:29088 , Citation: Kabeya, F.B., Abrahamse, H. & Karsten, A.E. 2018. Measurement of the main and critical parameters for optimal laser treatment of heart disease. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 905. 28th annual IUPAP Conference on Computational Physics. DOI :10.1088/1742-6596/905/1/012009
- Description: Abstract: Laser light is frequently used in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. As in traditional treatments such as medication, bypass surgery, and minimally invasive ways, laser treatment can also fail and present serious side effects. The true reason for laser treatment failure or the side effects thereof, remains unknown. From the literature review conducted, and experimental results generated we conclude that an optimal laser treatment for coronary artery disease (named heart disease) can be obtained if certain critical parameters are correctly measured and understood. These parameters include the laser power, the laser beam profile, the fluence rate, the treatment time, as well as the absorption and scattering coefficients of the target treatment tissue. Therefore, this paper proposes different, accurate methods for the measurement of these critical parameters to determine the optimal laser treatment of heart disease with a minimal risk of side effects. The results from the measurement of absorption and scattering properties can be used in a computer simulation package to predict the fluence rate. The computing technique is a program based on the random number (Monte Carlo) process and probability statistics to track the propagation of photons through a biological tissue.
- Full Text:
Photobiomodulation of breast and cervical cancer stem cells using low-intensity laser irradiation
- Kiro, N. E., Hamblin, M. R., Abrahamse, H.
- Authors: Kiro, N. E. , Hamblin, M. R. , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Stem cells , Cancer stem cells , Breast cancer
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/249491 , uj:25964 , Citation: Kiro, N.E., Hamblin, M.R. & Abrahamse, H. 2017. Photobiomodulation of breast and cervical cancer stem cells using low-intensity laser irradiation. Tumor Biology, DOI:10.1177/1010428317706913
- Description: Abstract: Breast and cervical cancers are dangerous threats with regard to the health of women. The two malignancies have reached the highest record in terms of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Despite the use of novel strategies with the aim to treat and cure advanced stages of cancer, post-therapeutic relapse believed to be caused by cancer stem cells is one of the challenges encountered during tumor therapy. Therefore, further attention should be paid to cancer stem cells when developing novel anti-tumor therapeutic approaches. Low-intensity laser irradiation is a form of phototherapy making use of visible light in the wavelength range of 630–905 nm. Low-intensity laser irradiation has shown remarkable results in a wide range of medical applications due to its biphasic dose and wavelength effect at a cellular level. Overall, this article focuses on the cellular responses of healthy and cancer cells after treatment with lowintensity laser irradiation alone or in combination with a photosensitizer as photodynamic therapy and the influence that various wavelengths and fluencies could have on the therapeutic outcome. Attention will be paid to the biomodulative effect of low-intensity laser irradiation on cancer stem cells.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kiro, N. E. , Hamblin, M. R. , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Stem cells , Cancer stem cells , Breast cancer
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/249491 , uj:25964 , Citation: Kiro, N.E., Hamblin, M.R. & Abrahamse, H. 2017. Photobiomodulation of breast and cervical cancer stem cells using low-intensity laser irradiation. Tumor Biology, DOI:10.1177/1010428317706913
- Description: Abstract: Breast and cervical cancers are dangerous threats with regard to the health of women. The two malignancies have reached the highest record in terms of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Despite the use of novel strategies with the aim to treat and cure advanced stages of cancer, post-therapeutic relapse believed to be caused by cancer stem cells is one of the challenges encountered during tumor therapy. Therefore, further attention should be paid to cancer stem cells when developing novel anti-tumor therapeutic approaches. Low-intensity laser irradiation is a form of phototherapy making use of visible light in the wavelength range of 630–905 nm. Low-intensity laser irradiation has shown remarkable results in a wide range of medical applications due to its biphasic dose and wavelength effect at a cellular level. Overall, this article focuses on the cellular responses of healthy and cancer cells after treatment with lowintensity laser irradiation alone or in combination with a photosensitizer as photodynamic therapy and the influence that various wavelengths and fluencies could have on the therapeutic outcome. Attention will be paid to the biomodulative effect of low-intensity laser irradiation on cancer stem cells.
- Full Text:
Podiatric interventions and phototherapy within the management of chronic diabetic foot Ulceration : a review to compare the average healing time
- Authors: Sithole, N. , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Diabetes , Foot ulcers , Wound healing
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268749 , uj:28533 , Citation: Sithole, N. & Abrahamse, H. 2017. Podiatric interventions and phototherapy within the management of chronic diabetic foot Ulceration : a review to compare the average healing time. , Link to published version: https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-94d2dc13e
- Description: Abstract: Diabetic foot ulceration is a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus and a most important risk factor for lower limb amputations. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia related to the resistance of target cells to the action of insulin; which leads to degenerative disorders caused by macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and neuropathy. These factors favor the occurrence of lower limb ulcers and so delay their healing. The slow healing rate of chronic diabetic foot ulceration has a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. Thus there is a need for the development of new treatment modalities to improve healing rate and outcome of diabetic ulcerations...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sithole, N. , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Diabetes , Foot ulcers , Wound healing
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268749 , uj:28533 , Citation: Sithole, N. & Abrahamse, H. 2017. Podiatric interventions and phototherapy within the management of chronic diabetic foot Ulceration : a review to compare the average healing time. , Link to published version: https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-94d2dc13e
- Description: Abstract: Diabetic foot ulceration is a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus and a most important risk factor for lower limb amputations. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia related to the resistance of target cells to the action of insulin; which leads to degenerative disorders caused by macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and neuropathy. These factors favor the occurrence of lower limb ulcers and so delay their healing. The slow healing rate of chronic diabetic foot ulceration has a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. Thus there is a need for the development of new treatment modalities to improve healing rate and outcome of diabetic ulcerations...
- Full Text:
Potential cytotoxicity and photoactive effect of gold nanorods onto colorectal cancer cells
- Kadanyo, S., Abrahamse, H., Mishra, A.K.
- Authors: Kadanyo, S. , Abrahamse, H. , Mishra, A.K.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Nanomedicine , Gold nanorods , Cytotoxicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/214792 , uj:21325 , Citation: Kadanyo, S., Abrahamse, H. & Mishra, A.K. 2016. Potential cytotoxicity and photoactive effect of gold nanorods onto colorectal cancer cells.
- Description: Abstract: Cancer is still one of the main death causes worldwide. Recently the use of nanotechnology in nanobiomedicine is considered as one of the most promising research applications, nanotechnology is providing an exceptional opportunity to improve the treatment of various diseases particularly cancer. This is highly due to the unique chemical and physical properties that are observed at the nanoscale. Gold nanorods (GNRs) in specific show a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at the near infra-red (NIR) region for this reason they have been widely studied in biomedical research and are of great interest for the development of nanomedicine precisely phototherapy of cancer and drug delivery. The goal of the current study was to investigate the stability of GNRs in biological media and subsequently assesse their cytotoxic properties and photo killing ability on colorectal cancer (CaCo-2) cells. In this study The GNRs were firstly characterised by, Zeta potential (ζ-potential), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The potential cytotoxic effects of the GNRs onto CaCo-2 cell lines were assessed using inverted light microscopy for morphological changes, Trypan blue exclusion assay and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) for viability, adenosine triphosphate luminescence and cell impedance studies for proliferation, and lactate dehydrogenase membrane integrity assay for potential cell damage. The characterisation results showed that the physicochemical properties of the GNRs in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) were maintained when compared to GNRs suspended in DI water. The GNRs showed a slight increase in size through aggregation but retained their charge. Upon Irradiation at a wavelength of 660 nm, GNRs decreased cell viability and proliferation, increased cell damage. In conclusion, this work clearly demonstrates that GNRs activated at 660 nm significantly increase cytotoxicity induced in CaCo-2 cells.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kadanyo, S. , Abrahamse, H. , Mishra, A.K.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Nanomedicine , Gold nanorods , Cytotoxicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/214792 , uj:21325 , Citation: Kadanyo, S., Abrahamse, H. & Mishra, A.K. 2016. Potential cytotoxicity and photoactive effect of gold nanorods onto colorectal cancer cells.
- Description: Abstract: Cancer is still one of the main death causes worldwide. Recently the use of nanotechnology in nanobiomedicine is considered as one of the most promising research applications, nanotechnology is providing an exceptional opportunity to improve the treatment of various diseases particularly cancer. This is highly due to the unique chemical and physical properties that are observed at the nanoscale. Gold nanorods (GNRs) in specific show a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at the near infra-red (NIR) region for this reason they have been widely studied in biomedical research and are of great interest for the development of nanomedicine precisely phototherapy of cancer and drug delivery. The goal of the current study was to investigate the stability of GNRs in biological media and subsequently assesse their cytotoxic properties and photo killing ability on colorectal cancer (CaCo-2) cells. In this study The GNRs were firstly characterised by, Zeta potential (ζ-potential), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The potential cytotoxic effects of the GNRs onto CaCo-2 cell lines were assessed using inverted light microscopy for morphological changes, Trypan blue exclusion assay and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) for viability, adenosine triphosphate luminescence and cell impedance studies for proliferation, and lactate dehydrogenase membrane integrity assay for potential cell damage. The characterisation results showed that the physicochemical properties of the GNRs in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) were maintained when compared to GNRs suspended in DI water. The GNRs showed a slight increase in size through aggregation but retained their charge. Upon Irradiation at a wavelength of 660 nm, GNRs decreased cell viability and proliferation, increased cell damage. In conclusion, this work clearly demonstrates that GNRs activated at 660 nm significantly increase cytotoxicity induced in CaCo-2 cells.
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Susceptibility of In Vitro melanoma skin cancer to photoactivated hypericin versus aluminium(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate
- Ndhundhuma, I. M., Abrahamse, H.
- Authors: Ndhundhuma, I. M. , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/249490 , uj:25962 , Citation: Ndhundhuma, I.M. & Abrahamse, H. 2017. Susceptibility of In Vitro melanoma skin cancer to photoactivated hypericin versus aluminium(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate. BioMed Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5407012
- Description: Abstract: The sensitivity of human melanoma cells to photoactivated Hypericin (Hyp) compared to aluminium(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate (AlPcS4Cl) is reported in this study. Melanoma cells (A375 cell line) were treated with various concentrations of Hyp or AlPcS4Cl alone, for 1, 4, and 24 hrs; varying doses of laser irradiation alone (594 or 682 nm); or optimal concentrations of PSs combined with laser irradiation. Changes in cellmorphology, viability, membrane integrity, and proliferation after treatment of cells were determined using inverted microscopy, Trypan blue cell exclusion, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) membrane integrity, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cell proliferation assay, respectively.More than 60%of cell survival was observed when cells were treated with 2.5 𝜇Mof Hyp or AlPcS4Cl alone at all incubation times or with 5 J/cm2 of 594 or 682 nm laser alone. Combination of PSs and respective lasers leads to a statistically significant incubation time-dependent decrease in survival of cells. Flow cytometry using the FITC Annexin V/PI apoptosis kit demonstrated that cell death induced after Hyp-PDT is via early and late apoptosis whereas early apoptosis was the main mechanism observed with AlPcS4Cl-PDT.Hyp-PDT compared to AlPcS4Cl-PDT is indicated to be a more effective cancer cell death inducer in melanoma cells.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ndhundhuma, I. M. , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/249490 , uj:25962 , Citation: Ndhundhuma, I.M. & Abrahamse, H. 2017. Susceptibility of In Vitro melanoma skin cancer to photoactivated hypericin versus aluminium(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate. BioMed Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5407012
- Description: Abstract: The sensitivity of human melanoma cells to photoactivated Hypericin (Hyp) compared to aluminium(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate (AlPcS4Cl) is reported in this study. Melanoma cells (A375 cell line) were treated with various concentrations of Hyp or AlPcS4Cl alone, for 1, 4, and 24 hrs; varying doses of laser irradiation alone (594 or 682 nm); or optimal concentrations of PSs combined with laser irradiation. Changes in cellmorphology, viability, membrane integrity, and proliferation after treatment of cells were determined using inverted microscopy, Trypan blue cell exclusion, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) membrane integrity, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cell proliferation assay, respectively.More than 60%of cell survival was observed when cells were treated with 2.5 𝜇Mof Hyp or AlPcS4Cl alone at all incubation times or with 5 J/cm2 of 594 or 682 nm laser alone. Combination of PSs and respective lasers leads to a statistically significant incubation time-dependent decrease in survival of cells. Flow cytometry using the FITC Annexin V/PI apoptosis kit demonstrated that cell death induced after Hyp-PDT is via early and late apoptosis whereas early apoptosis was the main mechanism observed with AlPcS4Cl-PDT.Hyp-PDT compared to AlPcS4Cl-PDT is indicated to be a more effective cancer cell death inducer in melanoma cells.
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The association between the immune system and malignancy : a brief review
- Authors: Ayuk, S.M , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Cancer , Immune system , Immunodeficiency , Malignant tumours
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5991 , ISSN 1011 5528 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8624
- Description: The immune system has evolved to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes and eliminate toxic substances from the body. It is an interactive network of lymphoid organs, cells, humoral factors, and cytokines. The essential function of the immune system in host defence is best illustrated when it goes wrong: decreased activity results in severe infections and tumours of immunodeficiency, and increased activity in allergic and autoimmune disease. Immune cells scan for the occurrence of any molecule that they consider to be foreign to the body, and transformed cells acquire antigenicity, which is recognised as non-self. A specific immune response is generated, and it results in the proliferation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Immunity is acquired when antibodies and T-cell receptors are expressed and up-regulated through the formation and release of lymphokines, chemokines and cytokines. Both innate and acquired immune systems interact to initiate antigenic responses against carcinomas. There is an increasing body of recent evidence to support the role that the immune system plays in eliminating pre-clinical cancers. Tumour infiltration by immune cells has been shown to have powerful prognostic significance in a host of cancer types. Cytotoxic therapies, including Low Level Laser Therapy (LILI) and chemotherapy, induce potentially immunogenic cell death, releasing tumour-associated antigens in the context of a ‘danger’ signal to the immune system. An understanding of the interaction between immune cells, tumour cells and treatment modalities will therefore guide the future combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapy to achieve optimal anti-tumour effects.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ayuk, S.M , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Cancer , Immune system , Immunodeficiency , Malignant tumours
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5991 , ISSN 1011 5528 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8624
- Description: The immune system has evolved to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes and eliminate toxic substances from the body. It is an interactive network of lymphoid organs, cells, humoral factors, and cytokines. The essential function of the immune system in host defence is best illustrated when it goes wrong: decreased activity results in severe infections and tumours of immunodeficiency, and increased activity in allergic and autoimmune disease. Immune cells scan for the occurrence of any molecule that they consider to be foreign to the body, and transformed cells acquire antigenicity, which is recognised as non-self. A specific immune response is generated, and it results in the proliferation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Immunity is acquired when antibodies and T-cell receptors are expressed and up-regulated through the formation and release of lymphokines, chemokines and cytokines. Both innate and acquired immune systems interact to initiate antigenic responses against carcinomas. There is an increasing body of recent evidence to support the role that the immune system plays in eliminating pre-clinical cancers. Tumour infiltration by immune cells has been shown to have powerful prognostic significance in a host of cancer types. Cytotoxic therapies, including Low Level Laser Therapy (LILI) and chemotherapy, induce potentially immunogenic cell death, releasing tumour-associated antigens in the context of a ‘danger’ signal to the immune system. An understanding of the interaction between immune cells, tumour cells and treatment modalities will therefore guide the future combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapy to achieve optimal anti-tumour effects.
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The effects of combined low level laser therapy and mesenchymal stem cells on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects
- Fekrazad, R., Ghuchani, M. Sadeghi, Eslaminejad, M.B., Taghiyar, L., Kalhor, K.A.M., Pedram, M.S., Shayan, A.M., Aghdami, N., Abrahamse, H.
- Authors: Fekrazad, R. , Ghuchani, M. Sadeghi , Eslaminejad, M.B. , Taghiyar, L. , Kalhor, K.A.M. , Pedram, M.S. , Shayan, A.M. , Aghdami, N. , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Laser therapy , Bone regeneration , Tissue engineering , Stem cells - Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/57002 , uj:16365 , Citation: Fekrazad, R. et al. 2015. The effects of combined low level laser therapy and mesenchymal stem cells on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B : Biology, 151(2015):180-185. DOI:10.1016/j.jpphotobiol.2015.08.001 , ISSN: 1011-1344
- Description: Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) on bone regeneration. Background data: Although several studies evaluated the effects of MSCs and LLLT, there is little information available regarding in vivo application of LLLT in conjunction with MSCs. Methods: Forty-eight circular bone defects (6 mm in diameter) were prepared in the calvaria of 12 New- Zealand white rabbits. The defects of each animal were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (C) no treatment; (L) applying LLLT; (SC) filled with MSCs; (SCL) application of both MSCs and LLLT. LLL was applied on alternate days at wavelength of 810 nm, power density of 0.2 W/cm2 and a fluency of 4 J/cm2 using a Gallium–Aluminum–Arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser. The animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks and then histological samples were evaluated to determine the amount of new bone formation and the remaining scaffold and inflammation. Results: The histological evaluation showed a statistically significant increase in new bone formation of LLLT group relative to the control and the other two experimental groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bone formation of the control group compared to experimental groups filled with MSCs. Laser irradiation had no significant effect on resorption of the scaffold material. In addition, inflammation was significantly reduced in LLLT group compared to the control defects and the other two experimental groups. Conclusion: Low level laser therapy could be effective in bone regeneration but there is no evidence of a synergistic effect when applied in conjunction with MSCs.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fekrazad, R. , Ghuchani, M. Sadeghi , Eslaminejad, M.B. , Taghiyar, L. , Kalhor, K.A.M. , Pedram, M.S. , Shayan, A.M. , Aghdami, N. , Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Laser therapy , Bone regeneration , Tissue engineering , Stem cells - Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/57002 , uj:16365 , Citation: Fekrazad, R. et al. 2015. The effects of combined low level laser therapy and mesenchymal stem cells on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B : Biology, 151(2015):180-185. DOI:10.1016/j.jpphotobiol.2015.08.001 , ISSN: 1011-1344
- Description: Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) on bone regeneration. Background data: Although several studies evaluated the effects of MSCs and LLLT, there is little information available regarding in vivo application of LLLT in conjunction with MSCs. Methods: Forty-eight circular bone defects (6 mm in diameter) were prepared in the calvaria of 12 New- Zealand white rabbits. The defects of each animal were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (C) no treatment; (L) applying LLLT; (SC) filled with MSCs; (SCL) application of both MSCs and LLLT. LLL was applied on alternate days at wavelength of 810 nm, power density of 0.2 W/cm2 and a fluency of 4 J/cm2 using a Gallium–Aluminum–Arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser. The animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks and then histological samples were evaluated to determine the amount of new bone formation and the remaining scaffold and inflammation. Results: The histological evaluation showed a statistically significant increase in new bone formation of LLLT group relative to the control and the other two experimental groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bone formation of the control group compared to experimental groups filled with MSCs. Laser irradiation had no significant effect on resorption of the scaffold material. In addition, inflammation was significantly reduced in LLLT group compared to the control defects and the other two experimental groups. Conclusion: Low level laser therapy could be effective in bone regeneration but there is no evidence of a synergistic effect when applied in conjunction with MSCs.
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The use of laser irradiation to stimulate adipose derived stem cell proliferation and differentiation for use in autologous grafts
- Authors: Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Autologous grafts , Laser irradiation , Adipose derived stem cell proliferation , Adipose derived stem cell differentiation , Smooth muscle cell
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/375285 , uj:6216 , ISBN 978-0-7354-0711-4 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5306
- Description: Stem cells are characterized by the qualities of self-renewal, long term viability, and the ability to differentiate into various cell types. Historically, stem cells have been isolated from the inner cell mass of biastocysts and harvesting these cells resulted in the death of the embryo leading to religious, political and ethical issues. The identification and subsequent isolation of adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma have been welcomed as an alternate source for stem cells. The clinical use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) presented problems such as limited cell number, pain and morbidity upon isolation. Adipose tissue is derived from the mesenchyme, is easily isolated, a reliable source of stem cells and able to differentiate into different cell types including smooth muscle. Over the past few years, the identification and characterization of stem cells has led the potential use of these cells as a promising alternative to cell replacement therapy. Smooth muscle is a major component of human tissues and is essential for the normal functioning of many different organs. Low intensity laser irradiation has been shown to increase viability, protein expression and migration of stem cells in Vitro, and to stimulate proliferation of various types of stem cells. In addition, the use of laser irradiation to stimulate differentiation in the absence of growth factors has also been demonstrated in normal human neural progenitor cells (NHNPCs) in vitro where NHNPCs are not only capable of being sustained by light in the absence of growth factors, but that they are also able to differentiate normally as assessed by neurite formation. Our work has focused on the ability of laser irradiation to proliferate adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), maintain ADSC character and increase the rate and maintenance of differentiation of ADSCs into smooth muscle and skin fibroblast cells. Current studies are also investigating the effect of different irradiation wavelengths and fluences on ADSC viability and proliferation. This paper reviews the development of MSCs as potential therapeutic interventions such as autologous grafts as well as the contribution 0 f low intensity laser irradiation on the maintenance of these cells.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Abrahamse, H.
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Autologous grafts , Laser irradiation , Adipose derived stem cell proliferation , Adipose derived stem cell differentiation , Smooth muscle cell
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/375285 , uj:6216 , ISBN 978-0-7354-0711-4 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5306
- Description: Stem cells are characterized by the qualities of self-renewal, long term viability, and the ability to differentiate into various cell types. Historically, stem cells have been isolated from the inner cell mass of biastocysts and harvesting these cells resulted in the death of the embryo leading to religious, political and ethical issues. The identification and subsequent isolation of adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma have been welcomed as an alternate source for stem cells. The clinical use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) presented problems such as limited cell number, pain and morbidity upon isolation. Adipose tissue is derived from the mesenchyme, is easily isolated, a reliable source of stem cells and able to differentiate into different cell types including smooth muscle. Over the past few years, the identification and characterization of stem cells has led the potential use of these cells as a promising alternative to cell replacement therapy. Smooth muscle is a major component of human tissues and is essential for the normal functioning of many different organs. Low intensity laser irradiation has been shown to increase viability, protein expression and migration of stem cells in Vitro, and to stimulate proliferation of various types of stem cells. In addition, the use of laser irradiation to stimulate differentiation in the absence of growth factors has also been demonstrated in normal human neural progenitor cells (NHNPCs) in vitro where NHNPCs are not only capable of being sustained by light in the absence of growth factors, but that they are also able to differentiate normally as assessed by neurite formation. Our work has focused on the ability of laser irradiation to proliferate adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), maintain ADSC character and increase the rate and maintenance of differentiation of ADSCs into smooth muscle and skin fibroblast cells. Current studies are also investigating the effect of different irradiation wavelengths and fluences on ADSC viability and proliferation. This paper reviews the development of MSCs as potential therapeutic interventions such as autologous grafts as well as the contribution 0 f low intensity laser irradiation on the maintenance of these cells.
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