List of Titles

Quick View

Aggressie, selfkonsep en stereotipering in obesiteit

- Modry, Anne-Marie

Authors: Modry, Anne-Marie
Date: 2014-02-17
Subjects: Obesity , Obesity - Psychological aspects , Aggressiveness , Self-perception
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:4066 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9416
Description: M.A.(Psychology) , The principal aim of the present study was the determination of the role of aggression, the self concept and stereotyping in obesity. A subsidiary goal was to construct a scale for the measurement of stereotyping. A scale for the measurement of the stereotyping of obese women was constructed and applied to a general sample of 229 first year psychology students. This scale, namely the Attitude Questionnaire (AQ), comprised forty 7-point scales. The first 20 scales were designed to characterise obese women and the last 20 scales to characterise normal weight women. Separate item analyses were done for the first and the second parts of the scale. The first part of the scale yielded a reliability coefficient of 0,86 according to Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 and the second part a coefficient of 0,87. The first part of the scale was subjected to a factor analysis to determine its structure. It yielded a single second-order factor which was defined as "general stereotyping of obese women". Similarly the second part of the AQ yielded a single second-order factor which was defined as "general stereotyping of normal weight women". The scores of the student sample, in respect of the AQ,were used in order to determine their perception of obese women compared with normal weight women. The vector of means of obese women were contrasted with the vector of means of normal weight women and the difference between the two vectors was tested with the aid of Hotelling T2 (dependent test). The Hotelling T2 proved to be statistically significant and was consequently followed up by a series of t-tests. From the t-tests it transpired that the perception of the student sample of obese women was largely negative. A battery of tests comprising the Picture Situation Test (PST), the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, the Adolescent Self-Concept scale (ASCS) and the newly constructed AQ, was administered to 50 obese women who were members of the . Weight Watchers organisation (experimental group) and 50 Weight Watchers organisation (experimental group) and 50 normal weight women who worked for a large cosmetic company (control group)
Full Text:

Quick View

Kognitiewe en persoonlikheidskorrelate van veldafhanklikheid en veldonafhanklikheid

- Janse van Rensburg, Lydia

Authors: Janse van Rensburg, Lydia
Date: 2014-03-25
Subjects: Cognition - Testing , Personality tests , Field dependence (Psychology) - Testing
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:4465 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9806
Description: M.A. (Psychology) , The concept of field dependence-field independence was developed by H.A. Witkin. Witkin and almost all subsequent researchers implicitly assumed that field dependence and field independence are bipolar opposites of a single underlying continuum. Resent research (O'Hara, 1985), however, suggested the possibility that field dependence and field independence are two independent constructs. The principal goal of the present study was to determine the cognitive and personality correlates of field dependence and field independence. To investigate the stated problem, a battery of 21 psychometric tests was administered to a stratified sample of 303 first year university students at the Rand Afrikaans University. The battery consisted of the newly constructed Field Dependence Inventory, Hidden Figures Test, Social Intelligence Test, Pattern Relations Test, and Jackson Personality Inventory. In order to ascertain whether the sample of students could be classified into (more than two) natural classes in terms of field dependence and field independence, a cluster analysis was performed. The Field Dependence Inventory served as a measure of field dependence, and the Hidden Figures Test, as a measure of field independence. These tests were used as input variables to the cluster analysis. Four classes were established. Differences in means between the four classes, in terms of the cognitive variables, were investigated by means of the Social Intelligence Test, and Pattern Relations Test. Personality differences were investigated by means of the Jackson Personality Inventory. The differences in means between the four classes, were investigated by means of a multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analyses of variance, and Scheffe's multiple comparisons...
Full Text:

Quick View

Die kognitiewe en persoonlikheidstruktuur van die intellektueel-begaafde student

- De Beer, Linda Elizabeth

Authors: De Beer, Linda Elizabeth
Date: 2014-04-02
Subjects: Personality , Talented students - Psychology
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:4602 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9947
Description: M.A. (Psychology) , One of the oldest problems in psychology, dating back to Galton in the 19th century, is the phenomenon of observed variations in intellectual performance. According to Messick (1973) over half a century of empirical research has uncovered a vast array of dimensions relating to aspects of cognitive functioning. buring this period intellectual giftedness was not the prime objective of theorists, with little attention being paid to this aspect of intellectual functioning. Research into intellectual giftedness is furthermore widely diversified with regard ~o conceptual definitions and methodology (Anastasi, 1965). In South Africa the emphasis has been placed on studies conducted at secondary school level (Coetzee, 19751 Duminy, 1960, Roos, 1983). As a result the cognitive and personality structure of the gifted adult is incomplete regarding theoretical and empirical aspects. The primary objective of the present study was to ascertain whether the cognitive and personality structure of intellectually gifted students differed from the cognitive and personality structure of intellectually average students. In order to investigate the problem a random sample was drawn of registered students (both past and present) at the Rand Afrikaans University. These students were allocated to one of five categories according to their score (I.Q) on the New South Africa.n Group Test of Intelligence •
Full Text:

Quick View

'n Vergelykende studie van die kognitiewe vermoëns van eerstejaarstudente met linker- teenoor regterhemisferiese taalverteenwoordiging

- Stuart, Anita

Authors: Stuart, Anita
Date: 2015-10-14
Subjects: Cerebral dominance , Cognition , Brain - Localization of functions , Left and right (Psychology) , Laterality
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:14340 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14799
Description: M.A. (Psychology) , The motivation for this research arose from the fact that very little if any empirical research has been done in connection with the cognitive abilities of persons with right hemispheric language representation. Knowledge of the structural and functional correlates of hemispheric asymmetry has thus far been obtained primarily from people with left hemispheric language representation. A further motivation was that the existing knowledge about hemispheric asymmetry has been obtained mainly from studies of patients with brain damage...
Full Text:

Quick View

Gerekenariseerde loopbaanvoorligting : 'n evaluering van die DISCOVER-stelsel

- Langley, Petronella Rouxleen

Authors: Langley, Petronella Rouxleen
Date: 2014-04-16
Subjects: DISCOVER (Computer program) , Vocational guidance - South Africa - Data processing , Computer programs - Evaluation
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:10770 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10278
Description: D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology) , Career planning is a developmental process that can be facilitated by career development programmes. One of the recent developments in these programmes was the introduction of computerized career counselling which enables the user to explore career activities independently. An experimental investigation in which the DISCOVER computerized system was used, was conducted at two universities in an attempt to determine whether DISCOVER could be a useful aid for career counselling in South Africa. First-year university students (N=106) were randomly assigned to one of four groups according to the Solomon Four Group Experimental Design. Subjects completed a biographical questionnaire, the Career Maturity Scale (CMS), Senior Aptitude Test (SAT), New South African Group Test (NSAGT), Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), PHSF Relations Questionnaire (PHSF), Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA), Self-Directed Search (SDS) and the 19 Field Interest Inventory (19FII). Evaluation questionnaires concerning the use of DISCOVER were ·also completed by students as well as counsellors. The main hypothesis, namely that there would be a statistically significant difference between the mean posttest scores on the CMS of the experimental and the control groups, was tested according to the integrated statistical procedure suggested by Spector (1981). The results showed that there is. a statistically significant increase in the career maturity of students after they had used the DISCOVER system, compared with students from the control group (F, 12,15; p <0,0007). After posttest adjustment for pretest differences, the effect of the DISCOVER programme was still statistically significant. It could be predicted with 95 , certainty that a person who used the DISCOVER programme would show an increase of between 0,68 and 2,21 points in his total score on the Career Maturity Scale (CMS). There was no statistically significant interaction effect between the DISCOVER intervention and the pretest. Variables such as aptitude, personality and study habits, correlated statistically significant (p <0,05) with the increase in career maturity after the use of the DISCOVER system.
Full Text:

Quick View

Die ontlokte potensiaal van die brein en sekere temperamentsdimensies

- Stuart, Anita D.

Authors: Stuart, Anita D.
Date: 2014-02-13
Subjects: Temperament - Physiological aspects - Research - South Africa , Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology) - Research - South Africa , College students - South Africa - Psychology
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:3941 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9302
Description: D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology) , The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether robust and verifiable evoked potential components exist which can reliably be associated with temperament. The evoked potential (EP) procedures included the auditory brainstem response procedure (ABR), the auditory N1-P2 middle latency response procedure (AMR) utilising different stimulus intensities, the auditory P300 response utilising frequent and rare repetitions of stimuli (the "oddball paradigm" ) and a number of composite measures of the AMR and P300. The temperament dimensions which were assessed, were sensation seeking, measured by Zuckerman's sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) Form 5, stimulus augmenting-reducing measured by Vando's Augmenting-reducing scale, properties of the nervous system, measured by Strelau's Temperament Inventory (STI) and introversion-extroversion, measured by Schepers' Personality Questionnaire. The statistical population chosen for the research was the first year Behavioural Sciences students of 1991 and 1992 at a South African university (N = 640). A sample of 391 students (81 males and 210 females, aged 17 to 22 years) was randomly selected from the statistical population. All the Subjects completed the Psychological battery (the various temperament scales) and the Neurophysiological battery (the various evoked potential procedures). The reliabilities of the various scales and procedures were established prior to administering the batteries. Hotelling's T-test was used to determine if the vectors of means of the males and females in respect of the subtests of the Psychological battery and the measurements of the various EP procedures differed statistically significantly or not. Student's t-test was used to determine in respect of which variables the genders differed. All Subsequent analyses were performed separately for the males and females. Three contrasting groups with low, medium and high scores, respectively, were formed with regard to each temperament trait.
Full Text:

Quick View

Die funksionering van die algemene skolastiese aanlegtoets (ASAT) in verskillende groepe

- Claassen, Nicolaas Cornelius Winckler

Authors: Claassen, Nicolaas Cornelius Winckler
Date: 2014-06-23
Subjects: Ability - Testing - Evaluation , Ability - Testing - Cross-cultural studies , Whites - Intelligence testing - South Africa - Evaluation , Colored people (South Africa) - Intelligence testing - Evaluation
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:11592 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11302
Description: D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology) , The generalizability of scores obtained on the General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT) was investigated for a number of subpopulations. It was shown that acceptable procedures for limiting bias against certain subpopulations had been implemented in the course of test development. In order to facilitate an empirical investigation of the GSAT, random samples of Afrikaans-speaking whites, English-speaking whites, Afrikaans-speaking coloureds, English-speaking coloureds and English Speaking Indians were tested. The nature and intensity of cognitive stimulation as well as the direction of intellectual development differed from group to group and had definite implications for achievement in a test such as the GSAT. All the groups contained persons who could be regarded as fully integrated into an advanced technological society, but their average level of development, measured against this criterion, differed considerably. The test displayed a one-factor structure with respect to all the groups. On the basis of the content of the subtests this factor can be equated with Spearman's g factor. The ecological validity of test scores was studied on the basis of Berry's model for the generalization of behaviour aeross various environmental contexts. The nature of the differences between the groups with respect to both the internal and external structure of the test scores was investigated by means of conceptual as well as statistical analyses. The extent to which test scores could be generalized was indicated for different combinations of groups. On the basis of regression models it was shown that could to a large extent be used as a substitute for group membership as regards the explanation of GSAT scores. Differences in functioning found between the groups could often be attributed to differences in levels of achievement. Within Berry's experimental context the test was found to be almost equally valid for all the groups and it measured developed general scholastic ability equally well. With respect to most of the pupils in the white groups, the Indian group and the English-speaking coloured group, the test results could be generalized similarly in the behaviour context. The test measured general reasoning ability with scholastic symbol material almost equally well for these four groups, so that cross-cultural comparisons witp respect to this type of reasoning ability could be made reasonably reliably. However, most of the Afrikaans-speaking coloured subjects were probably handicapped by a lack of relevant experience. There are substantial differences between the groups as regards the generalizability of scores to intellectual achievements in the ecological context. In respect of the majority of white pupils such generalization is probably acceptable, as they could be regarded as fully integrated into an advanced technological society.
Full Text:

Quick View

Die klassifikasie van vakleerlinge in die metaalnywerheid in spesifieke ambagte met behulp van psigometriese toetse

- Du Toit, Daniel Gerhard

Authors: Du Toit, Daniel Gerhard
Date: 2014-07-31
Subjects: Apprenticeship programs - South Africa - Evaluation , Apprenticeship programs - South Africa
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:11940 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11668
Description: M.A. (Human Resource Management) , Sufficient trained labour is necessary for the economical growth and development of the country, and artisan training is therefore a national priority. The Metal Industry is the largest contributor to apprentice training in South Africa. Continual technological development places a high demand on artisans, and that in turn requires intensive training. This has led to the need for candidates with strong mental abilities and aptitudes to meet the above-mentioned requirements. The selection and classification of apprentices who will be successful in their training and work is not an easy task, since the majority of apprentices are school leavers and do not have previous work experience. It is therefore necessary to assess their trainability and work potential by means of a psychometric test battery. The purpose of this study is to determine whether apprentices can then be classified into specific trades on the basis of their psychometric test results. Should this be possible, apprentices can be placed in specific trades according to their aptitudes, abilities and interests.
Full Text:

Quick View

A comparative study of left and right lateralised adolescents with regard to spatial ability

- Smith, Stanley Andrew

Authors: Smith, Stanley Andrew
Date: 2014-04-01
Subjects: Teenagers - South Africa - Transvaal - Psychology , Laterality , Left- and right-handedness - South Africa - Transvaal
Type: Thesis
Identifier: uj:4555 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9904
Description: M.A. (Psychology) , Spatial ability as a cognitive ability has for some time been recognised as a distinct component in the intellectual make-up of the individual. Since the earliest identification of spatial ability in the 1920's, interest has been shown in the fuller understanding of this ability. Many controversies still exist since spatial ability has yet to be defined in a definitive manner. Spatial ability has received relatively little attention. Since a relationship between spatial ability and occupational success has been established, more interest has been shown in this field. Spatial ability is as important as language for survival in the business world and more so in the technical field. Spatial ability is synonymous with the socalled "minor" hemisphere. The importance of the "minor" hemisphere and in particular the link between the right hemisphere and the language centres of the left hemisphere, has recently been. recognised. This recognition is found where the right hemisphere together with the damaged left hemisphere may be included in a rehabilitation programme. Spatial ability is the product of environmental influences which include child rearing practices, education and nutrition. Other influences are of a genetic, hormonal and neurological nature. Associated the concept terms, the associated with of left with the cognitive functions of the brain, is lateralisation of functions.
Full Text:

Showing items 1 - 16 of 16